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Kuruman Report

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A R A P I D A S S E S S M E N T R E S E A R C H R E P O R T ALCOHOL-RELATED VIOLENCE in Kuruman in the Northern Cape Province Patience Mungwari Mpani December 2015 PRODUCED BY TSHWARANANG LEGAL ADVOCACY CENTRE TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN A R A P I D A S S E S S M E N T R E S E A R C H R E P O R T An investigation of the the occurrence and socio-economic context of ALCOHOL-RELATED VIOLENCE in Kuruman in the Northern Cape Province Patience Mungwari Mpani December 2015 PRODUCED BY TSHWARANANG LEGAL ADVOCACY CENTRE TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN acknowledgements We thank the following people Affairs, Trade and Development and organisations who made this (DFATD) and USAID. It emerged rapid assessment possible. The from a commitment to enhance the women and men of Bathlaros and impact of funding in the field of Wrenchville for their kind gender-based violence (GBV) in cooperation and participation in South Africa. The Fund works to the research. Our gratitude also build cohesion and strengthen the goes to: Chief Toto for her support sector's response to GBV by of the project, Iteke O' Direle helping to bolster the capacity for Sechaba Home Based Care and more integrated, comprehensive Wrenchville Home Based Care for and transformative approaches. facilitating the recruitment of the research participants, Rural This report was made possible development Agency (DOCKDA) by the generous support of the our implementing partner, Lorato American people through the Makatong, Kelebongile Mogara, U. S. Agency for International Ruth Molaowe and Tebogo Leremi Development (USAID), under the for data collection. Fanny Thindwa, terms of AID 674-A-14-00009 Skhona Ngcobo, Welekazi Stofile through the United States and Judith Merckel for their Government's President's contribution to the finalisation of Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief the report. (PEPFAR), operated by FHI360. The contents and opinions We also express our gratitude to expressed herein do not necessarily The Joint Gender Fund who, in reflect the views of USAID or the collaboration with the U.S. Agency United States Government. for International Development (USAID), provided the funding for Contact: this project. FHI360 for technical Patience Mungwari Mpani support. Tshwaranang Legal Advocacy Centre The Joint Gender Fund (JGF) is a collaborative funding mechanism [email protected] consisting of Irish Aid, Ford +27 (0) 11 403-4267 Foundation and Hivos (as primary www.tlac.org.za contributors), working in partnership with DG Murray Trust, the Department of Foreign ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ACRONYMS iv DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 contents 1. Organisational Background 3 1.1 Tshwaranang Legal Advocacy Centre 3 1.2 DOCKDA Rural Development Agency 4 2. Context of Violence Against Women and Alcohol Use in South Africa 5 2.1 Socio-economic context 5 2.2 Psycho-social and health consequences of alcohol use 7 2.3 Law and policy framework 8 2.4 The Northern Cape - SA’s largest Province 9 3. Kuruman Rapid Assessment 10 3.1 Problem statement 10 3.2 Objectives 10 3.3 Research questions 10 3.4 Methodology 10 3.5 Data analysis 13 3.6 Ethics considerations 13 3.7 Study limitations 13 4. Findings of the Rapid Assessment 14 4.1 Alcohol use in the community 14 4.2 Factors encouraging alcohol use 16 4.3 Alcohol use and violence against women 18 4.4 Types of alcohol-related violence 19 4.5 Surviving the violence 23 4.6 Support services 24 5. Conclusion 25 6. Recommendations 27 7. References 28 Annex 31 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CAB Community Advisory Board CBO Community Based Organization CDA Central Drug Authority acronyms DBE Department of Basic Education DEVAW UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women DOCKDA Rural development Agency DSD Department of Social Development DTI Department of Trade and Industry DV Domestic Violence DVA Domestic Violence Act FAS Foetal Alcohol Syndrome FCS Unit Family Violence, Children and Sexual Offences Protection Unit FIC Financial Intelligence Centre GBH Grievous Bodily Harm GBV Gender-based violence HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HSRC Human Sciences Research Council IPV Intimate Partner Violence ITEKE Iteke O' Direle Sechaba Home Based Care MCH Maternal, Child Health MRC Medical Research Council NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NPC National Planning Commission PEPFAR The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief RTMC Road Traffic Management Coordination SCA Supreme Court of Appeal SOA Sexual Offences Act SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences TCC Thuthuzela Care Centre USAID United States Agency for International Development VAW Violence against Women VAWC Violence against Women and Children VEP Victim Empowerment Program WHO World Health Organization iv Alcohol abuse refers to the regular or disposal of household effects or other occasional excessive consumption of property4. alcohol, causing harm to self and others. Emotional, verbal and psychological D E F I N I T I O N O F abuse refers to any pattern of Alcohol dependence includes degrading or humiliating conduct spending a great deal of time using, towards another, including repeated key terms unsuccessful attempts to control the insults, ridicule or name calling, substance use and, for some, the repeated threats to cause emotional presence of tolerance and pain, or the repeated exhibition of withdrawal1. obsessive possessiveness or jealousy, such that it constitutes a serious Alcohol use includes both invasion of privacy, liberty, integrity experimental and regular use of wine, or security5. beer and hard liquor. Excessive alcohol use is heavy Child abuse refers to the drinking, which is also referred to as mistreatment by an adult of a child or “at risk” drinking. It is alcohol young person that harms or consumption that exceeds the endangers that child or young recommended daily limits: for men - person's physical or emotional health, more than 4 standard drinks on any 2 development or well-being . one day or more than 14 standard drinks in any one week. For women - Domestic Violence (DV), the more than 3 standard drinks on any Domestic Violence Act (DVA) one day or more than 7 standard provides a broad definition of drinks in any one week6. domestic violence as any physical, sexual, emotional, verbal, Gender-based violence is a term that psychological and economic abuse. It specifically refers to any harm that is also includes intimidation, perpetrated against a person's will harassment, stalking, damage to that has a negative impact on their property, entry into the complainant's physical or psychological health, residence without consent, or any development and identity of the other controlling or abusive person because of their gender. This behaviour towards the complainant, violence has its roots in the gendered where such conduct harms, or may power inequities that exploit cause imminent harm to the safety, distinctions between males and health or wellbeing of the females, among males and among 3 complainant . females7. Violence against women, which is the central focus of this Economic abuse is the unreasonable study, is a specific form of GBV. deprivation of economic or financial resources that a person is entitled to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is under law or which the complainant defined as behaviour within an requires out of necessity, including intimate relationship that causes household necessities for the physical, psychological or sexual complainant and mortgage bond harm to those in the relationship. repayments or payment of rent in Such behaviour includes acts of respect of the shared residence, the physical aggression such as slapping, unreasonable hitting, kicking and beating; 1. American Psychiatric Association, 1994 2. Department of Communities, Child Safety and Disability, 2010-2015 3. Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998 4. Ibid 5. Ibid 6. http://thinkingaboutdrinking.msu.edu 7.Bloom, 2008 v psychological abuse such as sexual act or other act directed intimidation, constant belittling and against a person's sexuality using humiliation; forced intercourse and coercion, by any person regardless of D E F I N I T I O N O F other forms of sexual coercion; their relationship to the victim, in any various controlling behaviours such setting. It includes intimate partner as isolating a person from their family violence, sexual assault, forced key terms and friends, monitoring their prostitution, exploitation, human movements and restricting their trafficking, bondage, infanticide and access to information or assistance8, neglect13,14. Coercion is a central withholding resources, preventing element of sexual violence and it partner from working or confiscating refers to 'a whole spectrum of degrees their earnings9. An intimate partner of force. Apart from physical force, it includes a companion in formal may involve psychological partnerships such as marriage as well intimidation, blackmail or other as informal partnerships, including threats – for instance, the threat of dating relationships and unmarried physical harm, of being dismissed sexual relationships in both from a job or of not obtaining a job heterosexual and same sex that is sought15. relationships10. Shebeen is an unlicensed drinking Physical abuse can be defined as any establishment. act or threatened act intended to cause feelings of physical pain, injury, Tavern is a building with a bar that is or other physical suffering or bodily licensed to sell alcoholic drinks. harm towards another person. Children and women are the most Violence against Women (VAW)
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