Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

September 2012

Client: The Heritage Offi ce, Kerry County Council, County Buildings, Ratass, Tralee, Co. Kerry.

RMP No.: KE097-036

Archaeological Surveyor: Daire Dunne Contact details: 3 Lios na Lohart, Ballyvelly, Tralee, Written by: Laurence Dunne Co. Kerry. Tel.: 0667120706 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.ldarch.ie Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 2 Site Location ...... 3 General ...... 3 Approach, Entrance and Boundaries ...... 5 Services ...... 6 Pathways ...... 7 Tombs ...... 7 Named Headstones ...... 8 Footstones ...... 9 Graveslabs ...... 9

Unnamed, unhewn, gravemarkers ...... 10

Notched gravemarkers ...... 10

Architectural fragments...... 11

Cross-slabs ...... 11

Quern ...... 12

Summary of recommendations ...... 12

References ...... 14

Figures ...... 16

Plates ...... 19

Laurence Dunne Archaeology ii Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Appendix 1 Tombs ...... 37 Appendix 2 Named Headstones ...... 39 Appendix 3 Footstones ...... 65 Appendix 4 Graveslabs ...... 68 Appendix 5 Notched Headstones ...... 69 Appendix 6 Architectural Fragments ...... 70 Appendix 7 Cross Slabs ...... 73 Appendix 8 Quern Stones ...... 73

Copyright Notice: Please note that all original information contained within this report, including all original drawings, photographs, text and all other printed matter deemed to be the writer’s, remains the property of the writer and Laurence Dunne Archaeology and so may not be reproduced or used in any form without the written consent of the writer or Laurence Dunne Archaeology.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology iii Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

List of Figures Figure 1: Site location map. Extract from OSI online mapping. Ballinskelligs graveyard encircled...... 16 Figure 2: Archaeological survey plan of Ballinskelligs abbey and graveyard...... 17 Figure 3: Complex of monuments at Ballinskelligs. Extract from NMS online database...... 18

List of Plates Plate 1: View of interior of S limits of Ballinskelligs grave yard from W ...... 19 Plate 2: View of interior of S limits of Ballinskelligs grave yard from SW. Note OPW ongoing conservation works ...... 19 Plate 3: View from SE of conserved Abbey Church ...... 20 Plate 4: View from NE of Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard. Note current conserva- tion works on refectory area and un-conserved, overgrown house structure at centre. Further note step-stile in boundary wall ...... 20 Plate 5: View from NE of interior of un-conserved house structure in the N limits of the burial ground ...... 21 Plate 6: View from NE of robust E seawall that forms the E boundary of the grave- ya rd. Note t he destroyed rema ins of t he medieva l buildings from historic encroachment from the sea. Further note the poor informal pathway ...... 21 Plate 7: View from E of N limits of graveyard. Note informal gravel path and denud- ed grass covered remains of two house structures amongst the burial markers. Further note general high grass cover and overgrown ivy-clad N boundary wall ...... 22 Plate 8: View of SW limits of Ballinskelligs graveyard. Note grass cut- ting underway and severe unmanaged ivy growth on boundary wall encroach- i n g o n n u m e r o u s h e a d s t o n e s a n d g r a v e p l o t s . F u r t h e r n o t e t h e n u m e r o u s l o w u n h e w n gravemarkers that are not visible when the grass is high ...... 22 Plate 9: View W from entrance gates of narrow approach and entire lack of parking that is choked by the presence of only three vehicles. Note the decrepit fence around the KCC sewerage fcility on right ...... 23 Plate 10: View from W of KCC sewerage facility that abuts the NW boundary wall of Bal- linskelligs medieval Abbey and Graveyard - a National Monument in State ownership. Further note the absence of any eff ective dedicated carparking and restricted turning area ...23 Plate 11: Exterior view from W of the entrance to Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard. Note inability of rusty gate to open fully and further note overgrown pier and general untidy entrance ...... 24 Plate 12: View from E along N boundary area of Ballinskelligs Graveyard. Note overgrown nature and breach in the wall ...... 24 Plate 13: View from W of exterior S boundary wall in good order. Note remains of Castle-Casleán Beag, within the SE corner of graveyard ...... 25

Laurence Dunne Archaeology iv Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 14: View from N of step-stile in NE section of N boundary wall ...... 25 Plate 15: Close-up of decrepit run-down entrance to KCC sewerage facility at Ballinskelligs Graveyard ...... 26 Plate 16: View from E at low water of concrete encased sewerage outfall pipe beside the E seawall around Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard ...... 26 Plate 17: View of ruptured and separated active sewerage outfall pipe in foreshore at low water beside Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard ...... 27 Plate 18: View of the remains of the tower house known as Casleán Beag at the SE corner of the graveyard ...... 27 Plate 19: View of the narrow laneway approach to Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard. Note OPW site compound on left ...... 28 Plate 20: View from NW of SE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard. Note ongoing conservation works to medieval refectory ...... 28 Plate 21: Overview from W or nave of ongoing conservation works to medieval church in Ballinskelligs Abbey ...... 29 Plate 22: View from SE of entirely overgrown tomb at rear of E gable of the conserved Prior’s House in Ballinskelligs Graveyard ...... 29 Plate 23: Elevated view from NE of medieval cloister garth and refectory. Note lean- to tomb abutting the refectory currently being conserved. Further note the diff er- e n c e i n t h e a m o u n t o f g r a v e m a r k e r s v i s i b l e b e t w e e n k e e p i n g t h e g r a s s l o w a s a g a i n s t t h e height in the cloister ...... 30 Plate 24: View of tiered strong box type tomb abutting the corner of the conserved Prior’s House in Ballinskelligs Graveyard...... 30 Plate 25: View of very fi ne cast-iron railing around the Main grave-plot at the SW limits of the graveyard. Note again the overgrown boundary wall and encroaching ivy ...... 31 Plate 26: Overview of formal Valentia slate grave setting in the abbey church. Note head and footstones, side stones and cover slab ...... 31 Plate 27: View of the partially concealed and grass encroached horizontal McCarthy graveslab ...... 32 Plate 28: View of the interior NE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard from SW. Note the high grass that conceals or partially conceals the numerous gravemarkers and other features in the medieval graveyard ...... 32 Plate 29: View of the interior SW limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard from N. Note the re- cently cut grass that reveals the numerous gravemarkers and other features in the medieval graveyard 33 Plate 30: View of notched gravemarker in Ballinskelligs graveyard ...... 33 Plate 31: View of architectural fragment AF comprising water management slab reused as gravemarker in NE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard ...... 34 Plate 32: View of architectural fragment AF comprising water management slab reused as gravemarker in NE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard ...... 34

Laurence Dunne Archaeology v Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 33: View of loose architectural fragments AFs 4,5,6 & 7 comprising four perforated medieval slates loosely placed on Tomb 2 abutting the NE corner of the Prior’s House...... 35 Plate 34: View of lightly incised post medieval cross-slab in N section of graveyard...... 35 Plate 35: View of cross-slab with simple incised small Latin cross situated beside pathway in the N area of Ballinskelligs Graveyard...... 36 Plate 36: View of fragment of rotary quern loosely placed beside other architectural fragments on Tomb 2 abutting the NE corner of the Prior’s House...... 36

Laurence Dunne Archaeology vi Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Townland: Ballinskelligs

Parish: Prior

Barony: Iveragh

Local name of graveyard: Ballinskelligs Abbey

ITM Co-ords: E443360, N565056

RMP No.: KE097-036

No. of tombs: 10

No. of headstones: 231

No. of footstones: 24

No. of graveslabs: 3

No. of unnamed gravemarkers: 182

No. of notched headstones: 4

No. of architectural fragments: 14

No. of cross slabs: 2

No. of quern stones: 1

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 1 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

1. Introduction

Ballinskelligs graveyard was surveyed using a Magellan ProMark 3 & Base Sta on and a Magellan ProMark 500 (Plate 1) and presented in Irish Transverse Mercator (ITM). The GPS graveyard survey datasets were exported using Hangle so ware from GPS Ireland and then exported into AutoCAD and fi nished using Adobe Illustrator. Reference num- bers men oned in the main body of the report relate to the ID point given when the survey was undertaken (see A3 plan, Figure 2 below). A digital photographic record and surname database was also compiled to complement the cartographic survey (see Ap- pendices). Digital photographs of all the features within the graveyard are referenced in the appendix and all photographs are included on the a ached disc.

The survey was undertaken with due regard to: .Conserva on principles as produced by ICOMOS in the Venice and Burra Charters

.The publica on in 2004 of the Architectural Heritage Protec on-Guidelines for Planners by the DoEHLG, (now DAHG) .The heritage objec ves as outlined and adopted in the current Kerry County Council Development Plan 2009-2015, Built Heritage (Chapter 10)

The Conven on for the Protec on of the Architectural Heritage of Europe was signed at the Granada Conven on in 1985 and ra fi ed by Ireland in 1997. The conserva on aims as stated in the Burra Charter are for the reten on or restora on of historical signifi cance with the minimum of physical interven on and that such interven on work be reversible, maintain the structure’s character and se ng and that all conserva on works should be undertaken following comprehensive research.

An informa on booklet on care and maintenance for tombs should be compiled and sup- plied to the relevant parish church.

All of these graveyards are recorded monuments protected under the Na onal Monu- ments (Amendment) Act 1994 and under the jurisdic on of Kerry County Council. All proposed works should be carried out by experience competent personnel under ex- pert archaeological / architectural guidance and supervision. As these sites are recorded monuments conserva on and restora on works can only be carried out under license from the Na onal Monuments Service (NMS) of the Dept. of Arts, Heritage and Gaeltacht (DAHG).

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 2 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

2. Site Location

Ballinskelligs Abbey and graveyard is situated near the SW p of the Iveragh Peninsula. It lies on the W side of the Ballinskelligs Bay across from the town of Waterville (Figure 1). The site was surveyed in early July 2012.

3. General

Ballinskelligs Priory is a Na onal Monument in State ownership, (Nat. Mon.No.168). The Na onal Monuments Service online database record a complex of eleven medieval fea- tures at the site under the RMP no. KE097-036 refl ec ng the Augus nian Abbey complex (Figure 3 & Plates 2-4). Monumentally they include:- (1) an earthwork (KE097-036007) sit- uated immediately outside the W boundary wall of the graveyard; (2) the relict remains of a castle tower house (KE097-036003), known as Caisleán Beag eff ec vely forms the SE corner of the site (Figure 2 & Plate 16; (3) the reduced remains of two possible houses in the NE limits of the graveyard (KE097-036004 & 006, Plates 4-5). The other records relate to several architectural fragments recorded or referenced by the SKAS that the majority of which were stored in the building known as the Prior’s House and include the head of an ogee window, several large drainage slabs and arched sec ons of a doorway. A holed-stone (KE097-036001) was recorded by Crawford in 1915 as lying on the beach outside the abbey. Its whereabouts are now unknown. The remains of a font were also recorded in the abbey church (O’Sullivan & Sheehan 1996, 350; NMS online database www.archaeology.ie). None of these previously recorded artefacts were located in the course of this survey (see Architectural Fragments sec on below). It is assumed that they are in temporary protec ve storage by the OPW.

Two other monuments recorded in the immediate vicinity of the abbey and include (1) a burial site, (KE097-067), situated in the sea outside the E limits of the site; (2) an ancient hamlet or se lement cluster, (KE097-035), situated a short distance from the abbey to the NW along the approach laneway (Figure 3).

A substan al amount of the E limits of the medieval Augus nian abbey complex has been eroded by the sea in the past. The medieval abbey is now protected by a robust sea-wall

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 3 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

that forms the en rety of the E boundary (Plate 6). The abbey complex of buildings, that are now undergoing conserva on by the OPW, dominate the graveyard and eff ec vely divides the burial ground into two areas. The N-NE area slopes to seaward and is bumpy and irregular underfoot. The grass is higher here as it is harder to cut (Plates 4 & 7). The SW area is fl a er and the grass cu ng easier (Plates 1-2 & 8).

Apart from general inspec on notes and GPS loca on points during the course of this survey it was not regarded necessary by M. Connolly, Kerry County Archaeologist to sur- vey the medieval remains of Ballinskelligs Abbey as it is a Na onal Monument with con- serva on works currently being carried out there by the OPW.

Ballinskelligs Priory of the Arroasian Canons of St. Augus ne was founded out of Rat- too Priory in North Kerry between AD1210 and AD1225 (Hayward 1970, 166; Barrington 1976, 276; O’Sullivan & Sheehan 1996, 347), although King and O’Shea are of the opin- ion that it was fi rst occupied by the Canons Regular of Killagha Abbey, Milltown (King 1983, 269; O’Shea 2005, 50). Killagha Abbey was founded around AD1216 or a li le a er. According to O’Shea because of adverse weather condi ons on the Skelligs the monks were forced to withdraw to the mainland in the 13th century and used Skellig as a sum- mer retreat (ibid). In 1302 the Prior of Ballinskelligs (Prior de Rupe Michaelis) was the collector of taxes for the Archdeaconry of Aghadoe and Ballinskelligs was assessed at £2 13s (Barrington 1976, 276) or 13s 4d (King 1983, 269).

In 1411 the prior of Ballinskelligs was Alan O’Mulchrony and in 1455 the priory sent Mau- rice O’Mulchrony to study Canon Law at Oxford (Hayward 1970, 166; Barrington 1976, 276). The O’Mulchronys of Connacht were perquisites of the priory having been brought in as bards for the McCarthys. In 1470 the prior John O’Mulchrony is accused as an open and notorious fornicator by Dermot O’Sullivan. O’Mulchrony denied the charges but eleven years later had to resign (ibid 276-7). However, the O’Mulchronys soon succeeded in recovering their posi on and remained as dynas c priors for almost the en re 15th century. The last one, Thaddeus, was made prior in 1506 (ibid). The priory was s ll occupied by Arroasians in 1555 (O’Sullivan & Sheehan 1996, 347) but by 1578 it was disbanded and granted to Gyles Clincher. The Royal Visita on Book of 1615 records that Richard Harding was the patron of Bal- linskelligs (Hickson 1874, 29). Charles Smith also says the Richard Harding was granted Ballinskelligs a er the dissolu on of the monasteries (Smith 1756, 56).

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 4 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

4. Approach, Entrance and Boundaries

The approach to the graveyard is via a straight narrow cul-de-sac lane accessed from a minor 3rd class road. There is no carparking or turning area provided. Motorised visitors must reverse into a narrow grassy recess to turn (Figure 2 &Plates 9-10 & 19).

The entrance comprises a pair of locally forged wrought-iron gates, 1.6m wide, set be- tween two square rubblestone piers built to courses. The N gate is not opening and the S gate only par ally. The S gate pier is en rely overgrown with ivy (Plate 11). An OPW informa on sign is provided at the gate.

The W & N boundary walls are built of local split sandstone with ‘soldier’ capping and are very overgrown and encroaching on the graves (Plate 7). While there is a boundary breach mid way along the N wall (Figure 2 & Plate 12). The S boundary is of similar con- struc on but is devoid of ivy and in general good condi on (Plate 13). The E or seaward boundary is very robust and constructed of mass-concrete from locally derived gravel (Plate 5). This E boundary also acts as a sea-wall as over the centuries much of the E lim- its of the medieval complex have been eroded by the sea. Coherent sec ons of previous destroyed sea-wall lie on the rocky shore.

A pedestrian stepped-s le is situated in the ENE limits of boundary wall to accommo- date walkers along the beach-front from Ballinskelligs and Ballinskelligs castle (Figure 2 and Plates 4 & 14).

A Kerry County Council (KCC) local sewerage(?) facility inappropriately abuts the grave- yard boundary wall at the NE, immediately beside the entrance. It is enclosed by a high decrepit chain-link fence a ached to concrete posts (Figure 2 & Plates 10 & 15). The facility is bizarrely and en rely inappropriately built against medieval graveyard encom- passing Ballinskelligs Abbey which is a Na onal Monument (No.168) in state ownership. Furthermore it is beside a further recorded monument comprising an ancient se lement site, KE097-035. A concrete encased ou all pipeline runs from the facility immediately eastwards out into the bay. This ac ve ou all pipe is broken in places (Plates 16-17). Dig- ital video imagery of the ou all pipe in opera on was also undertaken.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 5 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

The remains of a castle-Casleán Beag, KE097-036003 is situated in the SE corner bound- ary area of the graveyard boundary (Plates 13 &18).

The Offi ce of Public Works (OPW) have established a works compound a li le to the W of the entrance (Plate 19) and have been undertaking conserva on works for several years on the medieval abbey buildings (Plates 2-4, 20- 21). Conserva on works are currently underway on the medieval refectory (Plates 1-3, 20-21, & 29). No conserva on works have taken place on the castle or on the two denuded grass covered structures in the N limits of the graveyard (Plates 4 & 34).

4.1 Recommendations

 Adequate offi cial carparking and a turning area should be provided by KCC / OPW.  The gates should be conserved, re-hung and painted and made fully func onal.

 The gate piers should be repaired and cleared of vegeta on.

 The boundary walls should be cleared of vegeta on and the breach in the N wall repaired. All repairs should be undertaken with local similar material and undertaken by skilled experienced personnel with a proven track record in the construc on and maintenance of historic rubblestone walls.  The KCC facility should be decommissioned and removed including the ou all pipe.  The construc on of any future carparking or other poten al construc on / deconstruc on work above or below the HWM should be archaeologically carried out under Ministerial Consent as the site is a Na onal Monument.

5. Services

There is no water or waste collec on services provided.

5.1 Recommendations

Water and a water container should be provided for mourners. A waste collec on bin should be provided

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 6 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

6. Pathways

A short narrow curving gravelled pathway extends from the entrance gates SE to the Abbey complex of buildings (Figure 2 and Plates 7 & 11). The abbey complex of buildings dominates the graveyard and the gravel path from the entrance leads to these structures. An informal path extends W along the N limits of the graveyard and also along the E seaward boundary (Plate 6). There are a few informal spur paths that help to navigate through the interior of the graveyard especially the E limits where the graveyard is more irregular and sloping (Figure 2). However, in the course of this study, this area of the graveyard was the least well tended and subsequently was very diffi cult to survey due to the height of the grass and the bumpy terrain.

6.1 Recommendations

Appropriate formal gravelled paths should be established to service the en re site and not simply provide short access to the abbey. The grass should be cut more regularly and kept low throughout the graveyard.

Low regular cu ng will improve naviga on and health & safety throughout the interior and create be er informal wandering paths. Low grass throughout will also create a greater visibility of the burial markers, graves, tombs and other features in the graveyard.

The construc on of formal pathways should be undertaken with Ministerial Consent as the site is a Na onal Monument.

7. Tombs

There are ten tombs in Ballinskelligs graveyard disposed around and within the medieval abbey buildings but preferen ally the cloister area and one in the refectory (Figure 2, Plates 22-24 and Appendix 1). Only three of which are named. The tombs in Ballinskelligs are of the house-shaped or ered strong-box shaped variety while a lean-to type abuts the S eleva on of the cloister (Figure 2, Plate 18). All the tomb are constructed with local rubble sandstone and are virtually devoid of their original mortar render. The tombs are generally neglected and overgrown as the majority of their owners are not known, died out or moved away (Plate 22). They require diff ering levels of repair and restora on.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 7 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

7.1 Recommendations

There is an amount of specialist work required to preserve, repair and restore the tombs at Ballinskelligs. Grass, ivy & bushes covering some of the tombs should only be fully removed as the pri- mary element of a strategy of repairs and other conserva on and restora on works. This work should be undertaken with expert archaeological advice and guidance. It is possible that local informa on would furnish some of the names associated with these unnamed tombs. This informa on should be collected and entered into the database.

8. Named Headstones

There are two hundred and thirty (230) recorded named headstones in Ballinskelligs graveyard and abbey (Figure 2, Plates 1-2, 4, 7-8, 18 & 25 & Appendix 2), of which one- hundred and seventeen (117) have associated formal grave plots. Many of these formal graves are situated within the medieval abbey buildings (Figure 2 and Plates 2, 6 & 16). A few of the grave plots in the burial ground are similar to those from Kilmore, Valen a Island as they are en rely constructed with slate including footstone, side stones & top cover (Plate 26). Others are demarcated by very fi ne wrought and cast iron railings (Plate 25). Several of the headstones are sha ered and eleven are unknown while only fi ve are il- legible (Appendix 2). There are many headstones along the interior of the N and SW boundary walls that are virtually concealed in dense ivy that is encroaching unmanaged from the walls (Appendix 2).

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 8 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

8.1 Recommendations

 The ivy on the many headstones that are being encroached from the extensive growth on the nearby boundary walls should be carefully removed as a ma er of urgency.  Sha ered broken headstones should be professionally repaired.  The wrought and cast iron railings around graves should be professionally conserved, cleaned and painted.  Local informa on should be accessed to establish the unknown and illegible names.  The grass should be kept low.

9. Footstones

There are footstones associated with twenty-four graves (Figure 2, Plate 26 and Appen- dix 3).

9.1 Recommendations

No recommenda ons required

10. Graveslabs

There are three graveslabs recorded in Ballinskelligs graveyard (Figure 2 & Appendix 4), two of which have names while the third is unknown (Plate 27).

10.1 Recommendations

The grass around these fl at graveslabs has overtly encroached and should be carefully cut-back and the grass around them kept very low by strimming.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 9 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

11. Unnamed, unhewn, gravemarkers

There are one hundred and eighty two (182) unhewn, unnamed gravemarkers in Ball- inskelligs graveyard (Figure 2, Plates 1- 2, 6-7 & 28-29). These unnamed gravemarkers are denoted on the plan of the graveyard as blue triangles (Figure 2).

11.1 Recommendations

These simple unhewn gravemarkers form a par cular type of burial marker and are an important part of the life func on and history of the graveyard. The grass in the interior of the graveyard around these graves should be cut low and maintained at a lower level so that these graves have a greater visibility which also helps in greater safety while navi- ga ng, walking and in the designing of and construc on of interior informal paths.

12. Notched gravemarkers

There were four notched gravemarkers recorded in Ballinskelligs grave yard (Figure 2, Plate 30 & Appendix 5). These unhewn notched gravemarkers form a par cular type of medieval grave marker and are rela vely unknown and li le studied aspect of medieval funerary prac ce. They are an important element of medieval archaeology that has hith- erto been absent from study and recording.

12.1 Recommendations

The grass in the interior of the graveyard around these notched headstones should be cut low and maintained at a lower level so that they have a greater visibility which also helps in greater safety while walking.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 10 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

13. Architectural fragments

Fourteen (14) architectural fragments (AFs) were recorded in Ballinskelligs abbey and graveyard in the course of this survey (Figure2 & Appendix 6). Several of these fragments were loose including four medieval perforated roof slates or reused as grave markers (Plates 31-33). Several other fragments were previously recorded at the site (O’Sullivan & Sheehan 1996, 347 & 350 ). The majority of which were stored in the Prior’s House while a font fragment was situated in the abbey church (see General above).

13.1 Recommendations

 The loose ex situ architectural fragments should be secured collected and removed, possibly to the Kerry County Museum or temporarily retained by the OPW for safe keeping storage and individual recording.

 All of the fragments should be archaeologically illustrated.

 The whereabouts of the several other architectural fragments should be determined. 

14. Cross-slabs

Two cross-slabs or cross inscribed headstones were recorded in Ballinskelligs graveyard during the course of this survey (Figure 2 & Appendix 7). Both cross slabs are simple, cross-inscribed slabs. The cross mo fs inscribed on both slabs are of the simple La n type. One of the cross-slabs is post medieval and has the le ers ‘J C’ inscribed around the sha of the cross. (Plates 34-35)

14.1 Recommendations

The grass around cross-slab CS1 should be kept low to create greater visibility and pro- tec on for this thin slab that was spalled at the top in the past.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 11 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

15. Quern

A fragment of a sandstone rotary quern-stone was recorded (Figure 2 & Appendix 8 and Plate 36)

15.1 Recommendations

 The loose quern fragment should be secured collected and removed, possibly to the Kerry County Museum for safe keeping storage and individual recording.  The quern fragment should be archaeologically illustrated.

16. Summary of recommendations

.Proper carparking and a turning area should be provided.

.The KCC facility and associated ou all pipe should be decommissioned and removed. .The entrance gates should be conserved and re-hung.

.The growth of ivy and other vegeta on on the entrance piers and boundary walls should be removed. .The grass growth in the medieval graveyard of Ballinskelligs should be kept low and more regularly cut. .Be er formalised gravelled paths and steps should be constructed, especially throughout the sloping area at the N & NE. .New informal paths can then be made into the interior area for be er access, safety and maintenance. .A water tap and water container should be provided. .The tombs should be repaired re-pointed, re-rendered and restored sensi ve to their original construc on. This work should be done under the supervision of an archaeologist qualifi ed in this area or a conserva on architect experienced in this fi eld. .The sha ered headstones should be professionally repaired.

.The loose ex situ architectural artefacts should be removed to Kerry County Mu- seum for safe keeping.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 12 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

.Research into the whereabouts of the previously recorded artefacts at Ballinskel- ligs should be undertaken. .It is likely that local informa on would furnish the names associated with the un- named tombs, graveslabs and headstones. This informa on should be collected and entered into the database. .The grass around the fl at graveslabs, low unhewn gravemarkers, cross-slabs, marked-stone and holed-stones should be carefully cut-back and the grass around them kept very low by strimming. .The Care and ConservaƟ on of Graveyards, a publica on from The Offi ce of Public Works (OPW) is recommended reading for future maintenance of the church and graveyard.

Note on RecommendaƟ ons

All recommendaƟ ons as set out above are recommendaƟ ons only based on visual site fi eldwork undertaken by the writer. No invasive or other intervenƟ on work was un- dertaken in the course of producing this report. Access into the surviving church tower was not possible as the entrance was boarded up. UlƟ mately, no responsibility will be accepted by the writer with regard to the undertaking of the conservaƟ on work as recommended in this report and based only on visual inspecƟ on. The ulƟ mate deci- sion on recommendaƟ ons etc rests with Kerry County Council and the NaƟ onal Monu- ments Service of the Dept. of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DAHG).

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 13 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

17. References

Burra Charter 1979. (Charter for the ConservaƟ on of Places of Cultural Signifi cance). Australia.

Condit, E (ed.). 1987. Recording the Past from Ancient Churchyards and Other Sources. Wordwell Ltd., Dublin 2.

County Kerry Development Plan, 2009-2015.

Fitzpatrick, E (ed). 1995. The Care and ConservaƟ on of Graveyards. Sta onary Offi ce, Dublin.

Granada Conven on 1985. (ConvenƟ on for the ProtecƟ on of the Architectural Heritage of Europe). Granada.

Heritage Council, 1999. Regulatory Environment for the Management and Repair of His- toric Buildings. Dublin. Hickson, M.A. 1874. SelecƟ ons from Old Kerry Records, Vol. 2. London.

ICOMOS, 1990. Guide to Recording Historic Buildings. London.

King, J, 1986. County Kerry Past & Present. First published 1931. Mercier reprint, Cork 1986. Lewis, S. 1837. Topographical DicƟ onary of Ireland. London

Na onal Inventory of Architectural Heritage, 2002, Survey of the Architectural Heritage of County Kerry, Dúchas the Heritage Service, Dublin.

Na onal Monuments Service, DAHG, online database, www.archaeology.ie

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 14 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Offi ce of Public Works, 1995. The Care and ConservaƟ on of Graveyards. Sta onary Offi ce, Dublin.

O’Donovan. J. 1983. The AnƟ quiƟ es of the County of Kerry. Carbery Books, Cork.

O’Shea, K. 2005. The Diocese of Kerry, Formerly Ardfert, ÉdiƟ ons du Signe, Strasbourg, France.

O’Sullivan, A & Sheehan, J. 1996. The Iveragh Peninsula-An Archaeological Survey of South Kerry. Cork University Press.

Parsons, D. 1998. Churches and Chapels: InvesƟ gaƟ ng Places of Worship, Council for Brit- ish Archaeology, York.

Record of Monuments & Places, 1997. Archaeological Survey of Ireland, OPW, Dublin.

Royal Ins tute of the Architects of Ireland, 1995. Guidelines for the ConservaƟ on of Build- ings. Dublin.

Venice Charter 1964. (Charter for the ConservaƟ on and RestoraƟ on of Monuments and Sites, Venice.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 15 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

18. Figures

Figure 1: Site location map. Extract from OSI online mapping. Ballinskelligs graveyard encircled.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 16 Laurence Dunne Archaeology RMP No.KE097-036

Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard, Co. Kerry N

231

4 17 39 5 40

3 37 38 16 KCC Sewerage 64 65 Facility 51 6 36 41 1 7 63 52 2 35 18 50 34 53 8 33 67 5 87 1 49 House 2 86 1 1 3 2 9 85 19 1 10 4 11 42 66 43 2 12 20 3 10 84 22 68 21 62 76 24 30 31 14 23 32 48 69 15 44 83 24 2 13 6 12 25 29 47 8 4 77 28 9 88 54 8 89 61 45 12 75 82 90 1 House 57 11 1 46 26 7 55 74 3 58 59 10 60 73 81 56 9 27 11 72 80 218

91 79 71 113 2 92 1 4567 70 78 Quern stone 220 Prior’s House 219 114 142 221 224

143 222 230 3 225 112 141 93 162 223 229 139 140 175 23 111 144 13 161 228 94 110 138 13 95 227 Nave 145 226 96 136 213 215 214 146 Chancel 97 21622 163 217 174 135 4 109 18 2 208 108 207 19 10 115 159 98 160 116 15 99106 Cloister 158 107 14 134 147 209 102 20 210 101 128 133 9 21 132 157 5 117 8 14 118 6 103 123 148 119 127 131 104 149 173 3 Location Map 120 126 211 150 181 7 172 212 105 17 185 186 190 151 180 121 130 164 189 196 129 152 179 206 122 16 165 184 188 Tralee 178 Refectory 187 124 153 205 Dingle 195 100 Killarney 125 177 204 154 183 194 Kenmare Ballinskelligs 171 203 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey andGraveyard,Ballinskelligs,Waterville, Co.Kerry. 170 155 202 166 156 201 193 Legend 167 182 192 Boundary 168 176 200 199 Fence 191

169 Buildings 198 Headstone 197 Gravemarker

Castle Tomb

Grave Setting

ID Numbers Informal Grave Setting ID numbers are associated with all surveyed features. They Pathway appear alongside or inside the feature. For example:

456 123 Desire line Alternate colours are used to differentiate between different features. Each ID number Graveslab corresponds to a record in the site database. Footstone General information Cross Slab Surveyor: Daire Dunne Archaeologist: Laurence Dunne Notched Head Stone Surveyed on: 10-08-2012 Survey instrument: Magellan ProMark 500 Scale: 1:200 Each grid square is 10m x 10m Quern Stone RMP Number: KE097-036 House structures

Figure 2: Arhcaeological survey plan of Ballinskelligs abbey and graveyard. 17 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Figure 3: Complex of monuments at Ballinskelligs. Extract from NMS online database.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 18 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

19. Plates

Plate 1: View of interior of S limits of Ballinskelligs grave yard from W

Plate 2: View of interior of S limits of Ballinskelligs grave yard from SW. Note OPW ongoing conservation works

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 19 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 3: View from SE of conserved Abbey Church

Plate 4: View from NE of Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard. Note current conservation works on refectory area and un-conserved, overgrown house structure at centre. Further note step-stile in boundary wall

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 20 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 5: View from NE of interior of un-conserved house structure in the N limits of the burial ground

Plate 6: View from NE of robust E seawall that forms the E boundary of the graveyard. Note the destroyed remains of the medieval buildings from historic encroachment from the sea. Further note the poor informal pathway

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 21 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 7: View from E of N limits of graveyard. Note informal gravel path and denuded grass covered remains of two house structures amongst the burial markers. Further note general high grass cover and overgrown ivy-clad N boundary wall

Plate 8: View of SW limits of Ballinskelligs graveyard. Note grass cutting underway and severe unmanaged ivy growth on boundary wall encroaching on numerous headstones and grave plots. Further note the numerous low unhewn gravemarkers that are not visible when the grass is high

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 22 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 9: View W from entrance gates of narrow approach and entire lack of parking that is choked by the presence of only three vehicles. Note the decrepit fence around the KCC sewerage fcility on right

Plate 10: View from W of KCC sewerage facility that abuts the NW boundary wall of Ballinskelligs medieval Abbey and Graveyard - a National Monument in State ownership. Further note the absence of any eff ective dedicated carparking and restricted turning area

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 23 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 11: Exterior view from W of the entrance to Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard. Note inability of rusty gate to open fully and further note overgrown pier and general untidy entrance

Plate 12: View from E along N boundary area of Ballinskelligs Graveyard. Note overgrown nature and breach in the wall

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 24 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 13: View from W of exterior S boundary wall in good order. Note remains of Castle-Casleán Beag, within the SE corner of graveyard

Plate 14: View from N of step-stile in NE section of N boundary wall

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 25 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 15: Close-up of decrepit run-down entrance to KCC sewerage facility at Ballinskelligs Graveyard

Plate 16: View from E at low water of concrete encased sewerage outfall pipe beside the E seawall around Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 26 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 17: View of ruptured and separated active sewerage outfall pipe in foreshore at low water beside Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard

Plate 18: View of the remains of the tower house known as Casleán Beag at the SE corner of the graveyard

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 27 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 19: View of the narrow laneway approach to Ballinskelligs Abbey & Graveyard. Note OPW site compound on left

Plate 20: View from NW of SE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard. Note ongoing conservation works to medieval refectory

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 28 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 21: Overview from W or nave of ongoing conservation works to medieval church in Ballinskelligs Abbey

Plate 22: View from SE of entirely overgrown tomb at rear of E gable of the conserved Prior’s House in Ballinskelligs Graveyard

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 29 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 23: Elevated view from NE of medieval cloister garth and refectory. Note lean-to tomb abutting the refectory currently being conserved. Further note the diff erence in the amount of gravemarkers visible between keeping the grass low as against the height in the cloister

Plate 24: View of tiered strong box type tomb abutting the corner of the conserved Prior’s House in Ballinskelligs Graveyard

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 30 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 25: View of very fi ne cast-iron railing around the Main grave-plot at the SW limits of the graveyard. Note again the overgrown boundary wall and encroaching ivy

Plate 26: Overview of formal Valentia slate grave setting in the abbey church. Note head and footstones, side stones and cover slab

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 31 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 27: View of the partially concealed and grass encroached horizontal McCarthy graveslab

Plate 28: View of the interior NE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard from SW. Note the high grass that conceals or partially conceals the numerous gravemarkers and other features in the medieval graveyard

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 32 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 29: View of the interior SW limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard from N. Note the recently cut grass that reveals the numerous gravemarkers and other features in the medieval graveyard

Plate 30: View of notched gravemarker in Ballinskelligs graveyard

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 33 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 31: View of architectural fragment AF 13 comprising water management slab reused as gravemarker in NE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard

Plate 32: View of architectural fragment AF 8 comprising water management slab reused as gravemarker in NE limits of Ballinskelligs Graveyard

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 34 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 33: View of loose architectural fragments AFs 4,5,6 & 7 comprising four perforated medieval slates loosely placed on Tomb 2 abutting the NE corner of the Prior’s House.

Plate 34: View of lightly incised post medieval cross-slab in N section of graveyard.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 35 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Plate 35: View of cross-slab with simple incised small Latin cross situated beside pathway in the N area of Ballinskelligs Graveyard.

Plate 36: View of fragment of rotary quern loosely placed beside other architectural fragments on Tomb 2 abutting the NE corner of the Prior’s House.

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 36 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

20. Appendix 1 Tombs

Surname: Casey Surname: Moran TombNo: 7 TombNo: 1 PhotoNo: 3379&3380 PhotoNo: 3285&3286

Notes: Notes: Slightlydamaged

Collapsed N Open N Rendered N Overgrown N Collapsed N Open N Rendered P Overgrown N

Surname: O'SullivanandO'Connell Surname: Unknown TombNo: 6 TombNo: 4 PhotoNo: 3356&3357 PhotoNo: 3362

Notes: Notes:

Collapsed N Open N Rendered P Overgrown P Collapsed N Open N Rendered N Overgrown N

Surname: Unknown Surname: Unknown TombNo: 5 TombNo: 10 PhotoNo: 3358 PhotoNo: 3353

Notes: Notes:

Collapsed N Open N Rendered P Overgrown N Collapsed N Open N Rendered N Overgrown N

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 37 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Unknown Surname: Unknown TombNo: 8 TombNo: 9 PhotoNo: 3350 PhotoNo: 3349

Notes: Notes:

Collapsed N Open N Rendered P Overgrown N Collapsed N Open N Rendered P Overgrown N

Surname: Unknown Surname: Unknown TombNo: 3 TombNo: 2 PhotoNo: 3335 PhotoNo: 3332

Notes: Notes:

Collapsed N Open N Rendered N Overgrown Y Collapsed N Open N Rendered P Overgrown N

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 38 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

21. Appendix 2 Named Headstones

Surname: Armstrong Surname: Armstrong Surname: Barry GraveNo: 139 GraveNo: 140 GraveNo: 126 PhotoNo: 3476 PhotoNo: 3478 PhotoNo: 3442

Surname: Barry Surname: Barry Surname: Barry GraveNo: 108 GraveNo: 127 GraveNo: 168 PhotoNo: 3465 PhotoNo: 3443 PhotoNo: 3402

Surname: Beck Surname: Brennan Surname: Browne GraveNo: 188 GraveNo: 205 GraveNo: 200 PhotoNo: 3375 PhotoNo: 3369 PhotoNo: 3393

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 39 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Casey Surname: Conway Surname: Cremin GraveNo: 90 GraveNo: 34 GraveNo: 21 PhotoNo: 3498 PhotoNo: 3256 PhotoNo: 3235

Surname: Cronin Surname: Cronin Surname: Cruimín GraveNo: 204 GraveNo: 26 GraveNo: 20 PhotoNo: 3370 PhotoNo: 3240 PhotoNo: 3237

Surname: Curran Surname: Curran Surname: Currane GraveNo: 158 GraveNo: 78 GraveNo: 209 PhotoNo: 3429 PhotoNo: 3319 PhotoNo: 3364

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 40 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Daly Surname: Daly Surname: Day GraveNo: 149 GraveNo: 148 GraveNo: 206 PhotoNo: 3425 PhotoNo: 3426 PhotoNo: 3368

Surname: Day Surname: Dennehy Surname: Dillon GraveNo: 198 GraveNo: 86 GraveNo: 229 PhotoNo: 3395 PhotoNo: 3307 PhotoNo: 3345

Surname: Dillon Surname: Donnelly Surname: Donoghue GraveNo: 99 GraveNo: 192 GraveNo: 142 PhotoNo: 3460 PhotoNo: 3398 PhotoNo: 3493

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 41 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Driscoll Surname: Driscoll Surname: Driscoll GraveNo: 92 GraveNo: 207 GraveNo: 87 PhotoNo: 3496 PhotoNo: 3359 PhotoNo: 3306

Surname: Driscoll Surname: Eagan Surname: Egan GraveNo: 2 GraveNo: 76 GraveNo: 124 PhotoNo: 3222 PhotoNo: 3311 PhotoNo: 3441

Surname: English Surname: English Surname: Fenton GraveNo: 81 GraveNo: 5 GraveNo: 112 PhotoNo: 3316 PhotoNo: 3217 PhotoNo: 3475

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 42 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Fitzgerald Surname: Fitzgerald Surname: Fitzgerald GraveNo: 165 GraveNo: 230 GraveNo: 125 PhotoNo: 3409 PhotoNo: 3344 PhotoNo: 3440

Surname: Fitzpatrick Surname: Fitzpatrick Surname: Fitzpatrick GraveNo: 8 GraveNo: 52 GraveNo: 12 PhotoNo: 3224 PhotoNo: 3283 PhotoNo: 3229

Surname: Fitzpatrick Surname: Goggin Surname: Goggin GraveNo: 105 GraveNo: 88 GraveNo: 89 PhotoNo: 3455 PhotoNo: 3499 PhotoNo: 3499

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 43 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Goggin Surname: Haren Surname: Harty GraveNo: 136 GraveNo: 104 GraveNo: 147 PhotoNo: 3483 PhotoNo: 3456 PhotoNo: 3427

Surname: JMD Surname: Keating Surname: Keating GraveNo: 160 GraveNo: 132 GraveNo: 133 PhotoNo: 3430 PhotoNo: 3434 PhotoNo: 3433

Surname: Keating Surname: Kelly Surname: Kelly GraveNo: 134 GraveNo: 44 GraveNo: 179 PhotoNo: 3432 PhotoNo: 3248 PhotoNo: 3383

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 44 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Kelly Surname: Kelly Surname: Kelly GraveNo: 183 GraveNo: 117 GraveNo: 186 PhotoNo: 3388 PhotoNo: 3452 PhotoNo: 3385

Surname: King Surname: King Surname: King GraveNo: 171 GraveNo: 162 GraveNo: 156 PhotoNo: 3407 PhotoNo: 3488 PhotoNo: 3404

Surname: King Surname: King Surname: King GraveNo: 72 GraveNo: 174 GraveNo: 201 PhotoNo: 3322 PhotoNo: 3491 PhotoNo: 3392

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 45 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: King Surname: King Surname: King GraveNo: 65 GraveNo: 116 GraveNo: 115 PhotoNo: 3288 PhotoNo: 3446 PhotoNo: 3447

Surname: King Surname: Lawlor Surname: Lee GraveNo: 91 GraveNo: 18 GraveNo: 227 PhotoNo: 3497 PhotoNo: 3223 PhotoNo: 3347

Surname: Lucy Surname: Lyne Surname: Lyne GraveNo: 46 GraveNo: 170 GraveNo: 199 PhotoNo: 3271 PhotoNo: 3406 PhotoNo: 3394

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 46 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: MacGearailt Surname: Maggeraghty Surname: Main GraveNo: 164 GraveNo: 141 GraveNo: 103 PhotoNo: 3410 PhotoNo: 3477 PhotoNo: 3457

Surname: McCarthy Surname: McCarthy Surname: McCarthy GraveNo: 66 GraveNo: 11 GraveNo: 101 PhotoNo: 3303 PhotoNo: 3228 PhotoNo: 3458

Surname: McCarthy Surname: McCarthy Surname: McCarthy GraveNo: 36 GraveNo: 178 GraveNo: 10 PhotoNo: 3258 PhotoNo: 3384 PhotoNo: 3226

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 47 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: McCarthy Surname: McCarthy Surname: McCrohan GraveNo: 161 GraveNo: 68 GraveNo: 37 PhotoNo: 3487 PhotoNo: 3327 PhotoNo: 3260

Surname: McCrohan Surname: Moran Surname: Moran GraveNo: 38 GraveNo: 43 GraveNo: 135 PhotoNo: 3260 PhotoNo: 3249 PhotoNo: 3480

Surname: Moran Surname: Moran Surname: Moran GraveNo: 109 GraveNo: 96 GraveNo: 28 PhotoNo: 3466 PhotoNo: 3468 PhotoNo: 3241

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 48 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Moran Surname: Moran Surname: Murphy GraveNo: 97 GraveNo: 29 GraveNo: 120 PhotoNo: 3467 PhotoNo: 3242 PhotoNo: 3449

Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy GraveNo: 67 GraveNo: 182 GraveNo: 119 PhotoNo: 3305 PhotoNo: 3390 PhotoNo: 3450

Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy GraveNo: 225 GraveNo: 226 GraveNo: 82 PhotoNo: 3343 PhotoNo: 3348 PhotoNo: 3315

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 49 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy GraveNo: 118 GraveNo: 123 GraveNo: 59 PhotoNo: 3451 PhotoNo: 3448 PhotoNo: 3294

Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy Surname: Murphy GraveNo: 58 GraveNo: 138 GraveNo: 53 PhotoNo: 3294 PhotoNo: 3479 PhotoNo: 3282

Surname: Neill Surname: ÓConaill Surname: ÓConaill GraveNo: 40 GraveNo: 222 GraveNo: 221 PhotoNo: 3262 PhotoNo: 3339 PhotoNo: 3338

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 50 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: ÓConchubhair Surname: O'Brien Surname: O'Brien GraveNo: 195 GraveNo: 190 GraveNo: 189 PhotoNo: 3371 PhotoNo: 3373 PhotoNo: 3374

Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell GraveNo: 194 GraveNo: 111 GraveNo: 1 PhotoNo: 3387 PhotoNo: 3474 PhotoNo: 3227

Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell GraveNo: 228 GraveNo: 27 GraveNo: 153 PhotoNo: 3346 PhotoNo: 3239 PhotoNo: 3421

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 51 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell GraveNo: 173 GraveNo: 172 GraveNo: 35 PhotoNo: 3413 PhotoNo: 3411&3412 PhotoNo: 3257

Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Connell GraveNo: 42 GraveNo: 51 GraveNo: 220 PhotoNo: 3250 PhotoNo: 3284 PhotoNo: 3337

Surname: O'Connor Surname: O'Connor Surname: O'Connor GraveNo: 4 GraveNo: 7 GraveNo: 3 PhotoNo: 3216 PhotoNo: 3221 PhotoNo: 3218

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 52 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: O'Connor Surname: O'Cróinín Surname: Ó'Crumín GraveNo: 196 GraveNo: 84 GraveNo: 22 PhotoNo: 3372 PhotoNo: 3309 PhotoNo: 3236

Surname: O'Deagha Surname: O'Donoghue Surname: O'Driscoll GraveNo: 223 GraveNo: 25 GraveNo: 163 PhotoNo: 3340 PhotoNo: 3232 PhotoNo: 3490

Surname: O'Driscoll Surname: O'Driscoll Surname: O'Grady GraveNo: 94 GraveNo: 83 GraveNo: 144 PhotoNo: 3470 PhotoNo: 3310 PhotoNo: 3485

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 53 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: O'Grady Surname: O'Grady Surname: O'Grady GraveNo: 13 GraveNo: 113 GraveNo: 181 PhotoNo: 3486 PhotoNo: 3495 PhotoNo: 3381

Surname: O'Leary Surname: O'Leary Surname: O'Leidhin GraveNo: 95 GraveNo: 213 GraveNo: 184 PhotoNo: 3469 PhotoNo: 0058 PhotoNo: 3377

Surname: O'Leidhinn Surname: O'Shea Surname: O'Shea GraveNo: 93 GraveNo: 31 GraveNo: 50 PhotoNo: 3471 PhotoNo: 3244 PhotoNo: 3264

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 54 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: O'Shea Surname: O'Shea Surname: O'Shea GraveNo: 231 GraveNo: 203 GraveNo: 32 PhotoNo: 3215 PhotoNo: 3386 PhotoNo: 3245

Surname: O'Shea Surname: O'Shea Surname: O'Shea GraveNo: 107 GraveNo: 17 GraveNo: 74 PhotoNo: 3463 PhotoNo: 3259 PhotoNo: 3324

Surname: O'Shea Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan GraveNo: 100 GraveNo: 157 GraveNo: 185 PhotoNo: 3408 PhotoNo: 3428 PhotoNo: 3378

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 55 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan GraveNo: 193 GraveNo: 85 GraveNo: 166 PhotoNo: 3399 PhotoNo: 3308 PhotoNo: 3405

Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan GraveNo: 167 GraveNo: 131 GraveNo: 176 PhotoNo: 3403 PhotoNo: 3435 PhotoNo: 3400

Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan GraveNo: 122 GraveNo: 212 GraveNo: 121 PhotoNo: 3453 PhotoNo: 3366 PhotoNo: 3454

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 56 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan GraveNo: 19 GraveNo: 98 GraveNo: 146 PhotoNo: 3238 PhotoNo: 3461 PhotoNo: 3482

Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'Sullivan GraveNo: 145 GraveNo: 114 GraveNo: 16 PhotoNo: 3484 PhotoNo: 3494 PhotoNo: 3219

Surname: O'Sullivan Surname: O'SullivanandGalvin Surname: Piggot GraveNo: 214 GraveNo: 77 GraveNo: 210 PhotoNo: 0057 PhotoNo: 3314 PhotoNo: 3351

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 57 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Rahilly Surname: Rahilly Surname: Reilly GraveNo: 187 GraveNo: 155 GraveNo: 60 PhotoNo: 3376 PhotoNo: 3419 PhotoNo: 3295

Surname: Rork Surname: Segerson Surname: Segerson GraveNo: 110 GraveNo: 216 GraveNo: 9 PhotoNo: 3472 PhotoNo: 0054 PhotoNo: 3225

Surname: Shea Surname: Shea Surname: Shea GraveNo: 69 GraveNo: 54 GraveNo: 56 PhotoNo: 3328 PhotoNo: 3277 PhotoNo: 3275

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 58 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Shea Surname: Shea Surname: Shea GraveNo: 106 GraveNo: 30 GraveNo: 61 PhotoNo: 3462 PhotoNo: 3243 PhotoNo: 3299

Surname: Sheehan Surname: Sigerson Surname: Sigerson GraveNo: 159 GraveNo: 75 GraveNo: 24 PhotoNo: 3431 PhotoNo: 3325 PhotoNo: 3233

Surname: Sigerson Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue GraveNo: 23 GraveNo: 70 GraveNo: 45 PhotoNo: 3234 PhotoNo: 3320 PhotoNo: 3246

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 59 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue GraveNo: 71 GraveNo: 177 GraveNo: 15 PhotoNo: 3321 PhotoNo: 3389 PhotoNo: 3231

Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue GraveNo: 128 GraveNo: 79 GraveNo: 14 PhotoNo: 3444 PhotoNo: 3318 PhotoNo: 3230

Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue GraveNo: 208 GraveNo: 197 GraveNo: 150 PhotoNo: 3361 PhotoNo: 3396 PhotoNo: 3424

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 60 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue GraveNo: 152 GraveNo: 73 GraveNo: 191 PhotoNo: 3422 PhotoNo: 3323 PhotoNo: 3397

Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue GraveNo: 224 GraveNo: 175 GraveNo: 6 PhotoNo: 3342 PhotoNo: 3489 PhotoNo: 3220

Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sugrue GraveNo: 55 GraveNo: 62 GraveNo: 63 PhotoNo: 3276 PhotoNo: 3291 PhotoNo: 3289

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 61 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Sugrue Surname: SugrueandO'Conno Surname: Sullivan GraveNo: 151 GraveNo: 180 GraveNo: 154 PhotoNo: 3423 PhotoNo: 3382 PhotoNo: 3420

Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan GraveNo: 169 GraveNo: 217 GraveNo: 143 PhotoNo: 3401 PhotoNo: 0053 PhotoNo: 3492

Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan GraveNo: 129 GraveNo: 49 GraveNo: 130 PhotoNo: 3437 PhotoNo: 3265 PhotoNo: 3436

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 62 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan GraveNo: 64 GraveNo: 41 GraveNo: 218 PhotoNo: 3287 PhotoNo: 3263 PhotoNo: 3313

Surname: Sweeney Surname: UíChiarmhaic Surname: Unknown GraveNo: 102 GraveNo: 48 GraveNo: 33 PhotoNo: 3459 PhotoNo: 3267 PhotoNo: 3255

Surname: Unknown Surname: Unknown Surname: Unknown GraveNo: 211 GraveNo: 80 GraveNo: 47 PhotoNo: 3365 PhotoNo: 3317 PhotoNo: 3270

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 63 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Unknown Surname: Unknown Surname: Unknown GraveNo: 57 GraveNo: 215 GraveNo: 219 PhotoNo: 3293 PhotoNo: 0056 PhotoNo: 3336

Surname: Unknown Surname: Walsh GraveNo: 39 GraveNo: 202 PhotoNo: 3261 PhotoNo: 3391

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 64 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

22. Appendix 3 Footstones

Surname: Currane Surname: Driscoll Surname: Eagan FSNo: 20 FSNo: 19 FSNo: 24 PhotoNo: 3355 PhotoNo: 3360 PhotoNo: 3312

Notes: FSofHS209 Notes: FSofHS207 Notes: FSofHS76

Surname: Kelly Surname: King Surname: Lucy FSNo: 2 FSNo: 15 FSNo: 7 PhotoNo: 3251 PhotoNo: 3445 PhotoNo: 3272

Notes: FSofHS44 Notes: FSofHS116 Notes: FSofHS46

Surname: Moran Surname: Moran Surname: Murphy FSNo: 3 FSNo: 18 FSNo: 10 PhotoNo: 3252 PhotoNo: 3481 PhotoNo: 3296

Notes: FSofHS43 Notes: FSofHS135 Notes: FSofHS59

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 65 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: O'Connell Surname: O'Deagha Surname: O'Shea FSNo: 4 FSNo: 23 FSNo: 14 PhotoNo: 3253 PhotoNo: 3341 PhotoNo: 3464

Notes: FSofHS42 Notes: FSofHS223 Notes: FSofHS107

Surname: Piggot Surname: Reilly Surname: Rork FSNo: 21 FSNo: 9 FSNo: 13 PhotoNo: 3352 PhotoNo: 3297 PhotoNo: 3473

Notes: FSofHS210 Notes: FSofHS60 Notes: FSofHS110

Surname: Segerson Surname: Shea Surname: Shea FSNo: 22 FSNo: 8 FSNo: 12 PhotoNo: 0055 PhotoNo: 3278 PhotoNo: 3300

Notes: FSofHS216 Notes: FSofHS54 Notes: FSofHS61

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 66 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

Surname: Sugrue Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan FSNo: 1 FSNo: 5 FSNo: 16 PhotoNo: 3247 PhotoNo: 3266 PhotoNo: 3438

Notes: FSofHS45 Notes: FSofHS49 Notes: FSofHS129

Surname: Sullivan Surname: Sullivan Surname: Unknown FSNo: 17 FSNo: 11 FSNo: 6 PhotoNo: 3439 PhotoNo: 3298 PhotoNo: 3269

Notes: FSofHS130 Notes: FSofHS218 Notes: FSofHS47

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 67 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

23. Appendix 4 Graveslabs

Surname: McCarthy Surname: O'Connor MGSNo: 1 MGSNo: 3 PhotoNo: 3254 PhotoNo: 3367

Notes: Notes:

Surname: Unknown MGSNo: 2 PhotoNo: 3354

Notes:

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 68 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

24. Appendix 5 Notched Headstones

NHSNo: 1 NHSNo: 2 PhotoNo: 3268 PhotoNo: 3279

Notes: Notes:

NHSNo: 3 NHSNo: 4 PhotoNo: 3290 PhotoNo: 3330

Notes: Notes:

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 69 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

25. Appendix 6 Architectural Fragments

AFNo: 1 AFNo: 2 PhotoNo: 3280 PhotoNo: 3281

Notes: Notes:

AFNo: 3 AFNo: 4 PhotoNo: 3274 PhotoNo: 3334

Notes: Notes: Slate

AFNo: 5 AFNo: 6 PhotoNo: 3334 PhotoNo: 3334

Notes: Slate Notes: Slate

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 70 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

AFNo: 7 AFNo: 8 PhotoNo: 3334 PhotoNo: 3292

Notes: Slate Notes:

AFNo: 9 AFNo: 10 PhotoNo: 3301 PhotoNo: 3302

Notes: Notes:

AFNo: 11 AFNo: 12 PhotoNo: 3331 PhotoNo: 3329

Notes: Notes:

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 71 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

AFNo: 13 AFNo: 14 PhotoNo: 3326 PhotoNo: 3363

Notes: Notes:

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 72 Archaeological Survey, Ballinskelligs Abbey and Graveyard, Ballinskelligs, Waterville, Co. Kerry.

26. Appendix 7 Cross Slabs

CSNo: 1 CSNo: 2 PhotoNo: 3273 PhotoNo: 3304

Notes: Notes:

27. Appendix 8 Quern Stones

IDNo: 1 PhotoNo: 3333

Notes:

Laurence Dunne Archaeology 73