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Geology of the \ Clark Fork Quadrangle \ Idaho-Montana } by T

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Geology of the \ Clark Fork Quadrangle \ Idaho-Montana } by T y ; Geology of the \ Clark Fork Quadrangle \ Idaho-Montana } By T. E. HARRISON and D. A. JOBIN -* ^CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY i ____________________________________ ^ %. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1141-K A { -^ descriptive report with emphasis on structure and on stratigraphy of the ' Belt series UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government-Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page j Abstract_. __________-_______-__-____._-----__---__---.---_-_----_ Kl Introduction ______-_______________--_-___-_-_____._-___-----_---__ 2 _ Geologic history._---___-_------_----_---------_--_----_----------_ 3 ,' Description of rock types.._..---..--_-__-.-_-----__--_-_---------_. 5 - Metasedimentary rocks........__-_-.___.-___-___--__-----_---._ 5 Belt series..__-_-.--._-.----------_-_---__---------------_ 5 1 Prichard formation..__.._____-__-_--___---__-_-_---_--_ 8 Quartzite, siltite, and argillite member.....___________ 8 4 Laminated argillite member.________________________ 9 Argillite and siltite member...______________________ 10 * Burke formation._______________ _____________._________ 10 Revett quartzite,-._-_-----_-.---.--.----__------__--_. 11 St. Regis formation.___________________________________ 12 i Wallace formation_____________________________________ 13 Lower calcareous member_________________________ 13 4 Argillite member.__________________________________ 14 Argillite, siltite, and limestone member.._____________ 15 Upper calcareous member.....______________________ 15 Laminated argillite and siltite member _______________ 16 "* Striped Peak formation.._..___.._.___.._____---._.._.__ 16 Argillite, siltite, and quartzite member.______________ 17 Dolomite member._________________________________ 18 Laminated argillite and siltite member.______________ 18 Quartzite member. -.-__--___.._--..---._--------_- 19 : Libby formation-.-__--__-___----_-_-_..___.--__-__--__ 20 Laminated argillite and siltite member.______________ 20 * Calcareous member.--___--_.__--_--_..__--_-.-_-__ 21 Argillite, siltite, and dolomite member..._----_-.-_--_ 21 ^ Surficial deposits.______________________________________________ 22 Glacial deposits.___________________________________________ 22 Alluvial deposits.._________________________________________ 23 4 Igneous rocks--_--_-._--.-_-------__-_____._______.-.------___ 24 Quartz di6rite___.__._--._..__________-______._._-_.-__-___ 24 ^ Granodiorite and related rocks.-_.--___._..._-___-.--_-_-.__ 24 Diabase _.-_.._-._._.____.__..__.___-___-___,__-__________ 25 ) Metamorphism of the Belt series...._-_____________.__-___--_--____-_ 26 Structure. ________________________________________________________ 27 Folds...._..._..__......._..._...__...___.._._____-__...____-_ 27 t Faults....-_-_----..--....__..__._.__.........____...-________ 28 Hope fault......................_..__-.._--..-___-.._.___._ 28 Block faults.._____________________________________________ 30 Mineralized faults. ____________________________________________ 32 x Joints..--_-------------.-__-_--..______-_._.___-___----___-._ 33 IV CONTENTS Page Economic geology..--__-_-_---____-_________-_____------__----__--- K34 Metallic deposits______________________________________________ 34 Nonmetallic deposits.__________________________________________ 36 Literature cited..__________________________________________________ 37 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Geologic map and sections of the Clark Fork quadrangle, Idaho- Montana.. _______________________________________ In pocket 2. Generalized columnar section of the Belt series, Clark Fork quadrangle, Idaho-Montana_________________________ In pocket FIGURE 1. Index map of northern Idaho-Montana___________________ K3 2. Triangular diagram showing variations in modes of some non- carbonate rocks of the Belt series.-______._-_-___-__--___ 7 3. Sketch map of block-fault system..._______________________ 30 4. Contour diagram of joints in Belt rocks, upper hemisphere equal-area net plot of 1,326 poles.-______-_---____--__-__ 34 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Quantitative terms used in describing layered rocks..._-______ K5 2. Some average modes, in volume percent, of Belt rocks ________ 3. Chemical analyses of some calcareous and dolomitic rocks in the Wallace and Striped Peak formations_____________________ 37 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGY OF THE CLARK FORK QUADRANGLE, IDAHO-MONTANA By J. E. HARRISOST and D. A. JOBIN ABSTRACT The Clark Fork quadrangle, in the panhandle of Idaho, is underlain by more than 38,000 feet of low-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Precambrian Belt series. This series includes the Prichard and Burke formations, the Revett quartzite, and the St. Regis, Wallace, Striped Peak, and Libby formations. These rocks have been intruded by the Precambrian (?) quartz diorite that forms the Purcell sills of the area and by Cretaceous (?) granodiorite stocks or plugs, granodiorite porphyry sills, and diabase dikes and sills. Near the larger intrusive bodies the rocks of the Belt series have been mildly contact metamorphosed. The only other rocks are thin Quaternary alluvial and glacial deposits in the valleys. The structural setting in the quadrangle is one of simple folds and complex fractures. The entire area is on the west flank of a northward-trending syncline whose axis appears to be near the east edge of the quadrangle south of the Hope fault. Small drag folds, generally only a few tens of feet in either wave length or amplitude, are associated with faults. Other small folds occur in a zone a few hundred feet wide around a granodiorite plug exposed along Lightning Creek. Three main parts of the fracture system are here called the Hope fault, block faults, and mineralized faults. The Hope fault is by far the most prom­ inent in the area. It is a northwestward-trending, steeply southward-dipping normal fault along which the apparent strike slip is right lateral about 16 miles, and the apparent dip slip is southwest side down about 22,000 feet. The block faults form a complex mosaic pattern south of the Hope fault and a simpler pattern north of it. These faults are all high-angle normal or reverse clip-slip faults along which movement has been a few hundred feet. Mineralized faults include a group of high- and low-angle normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults that have wallrock alteration and traces of ore minerals along them. Movement along these faults was at most a few tens of feet. The geologic history is imperfectly known because of large gaps in the stratigraphic column and a current lack of radiometric age determinations. A partial history begins with shallow-water deposition of the Belt series as fine­ grained clastic and carbonatic sediments in a Precambrian geosyncline. The Belt rocks were intruded by Purcell sills, gently folded, and then offset by right Kl K2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY u ^ lateral movement along the Hope fault in late Precambrian ( ?) time. No record of Paleozoic or early Mesozoic time exists in the area. In late Mesozoic(?) time, large bodies of granodiorite were intruded, the country rocks were shat- ^ tered by block mosaic faulting, and minor faults were mineralized and filled by lamprophyre dikes. A period of extensive erosion in the early Cenozoic ** was probably interrupted in the late Cenozoic by major normal movement on the Hope fault. Pleistocene glaciation, first continental and then alpine, was followed by Recent erosion of part of the glacial deposits and construction of the Clark Fork delta. -' The quadrangle has both metallic and nonrnetallic mineral deposits of con- ' siderable value. Veins in the Clark Ford district have yielded about $1.5 million worth of silver and lead. Though they were being mined sparsely in ^ 1960, they have not been exhausted. The nonmetallic deposits are natural cement rock and construction materials, which includes rock mined for sand v and gravel, building stone, riprap, and railroad ballast. \ INTRODUCTION }f The Clark Fork quadrangle is on the east side of the Idaho pan- ,. handle and about 50 miles south of the Canadian border (fig. 1). Altitudes ranges from about 2,070 feet on the delta of the Clark * Fork River to 7,009 feet on the top of Scotchman Peak. Almost all the area is heavily forested, and most of it is included within the Kaniksu and Cabinet National Forests. ^ Previous geologic work in the area includes reconnaissance by Calkins (1909), reconnaissance by Campbell and others (1915) along the Northern Pacific Railway route, reconnaissance mapping of part *" of the quadrangle and a study of the Clark Fork mining district by * Anderson (1930), and a detailed restudy of the Clark Fork district by Anderson (1947). A reconnaissance map of the Pend Oreille dis­ trict made by Sampson (1928) almost joins the Clark Fork quad­ rangle on the west, and the quadrangle is joined on the east by the Libby 30-minute quadrangle (fig. 1) mapped by Gibson (1948). The mapping for this report was done during the summers of 1957, 1958, and 1959, and field checked by Harrison during July 1960. Work on three adjacent quadrangles north and west of the Clark Fork quadrangle fig. 1) was in progress at the time of this writing. V This report is designed to give a brief description of the geology in the first quadrangle completed. We thank Mr. Robert Gregson, ranger of the U.S. Forest Service, < for his generous cooperation and
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