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DISCOVER THE OCEAN. UNDERSTAND THE PLANET. Annual Report April 1 2013 - March 31 2014

AN INITIATIVE OF Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. DISCOVER THE OCEAN. UNDERSTAND THE PLANET.

Annual Report April 1 2013 - March 31 2014

oceannetworks.ca AN INITIATIVE OF Connector hose covered in barnacles.

Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION – THE OCEAN...... 4

BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ MESSAGE...... 6

PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE...... 8

GOVERNANCE...... 10

GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE...... 11

MANAGEMENT...... 12

ONC MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP...... 13

ONC COMMITTEE MEMBERS...... 18

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS...... 20

WIRING THE ABYSS 2013 EXPEDITION...... 24

SMART OCEANS BC...... 26

ONC INNOVATION CENTRE...... 27

IMPACT...... 28

MEDIA REACH...... 30

LEARNING & OUTREACH...... 32

VISITING SCIENTISTS...... 34

RECENT PUBLICATIONS...... 35

FINANCIALS...... INSIDE BACK COVER

oceannetworks.ca 3 THE OCEAN The Earth’s ocean, covering approximately 70% of our planet, provides much of our food and resources, moderates our climate, and supports most of life on Earth; 96.5% of all the water on Earth is contained in our oceans.

If you could put Mount Everest in the deepest part of the ocean, its peak would still be 2 km beneath the ocean’s surface. Surprisingly, only about 5% of our ocean has been explored. Consequently, our ocean is poorly understood at the same time that it is being threatened by pollution, climate change, overfishing, and disasters such as oil spills and tsunamis.

These combined stresses are testing ocean and human resilience. Together we can rise to this vital environmental challenge. With the focused commitment of all of our supporters, we can gain a greater understanding of the pace of climate change in the ocean, how the change is affecting ocean ecosystems and human society on small and large scales, and what steps might be taken to mitigate adverse effects of such change.

Playing a vital role in creating a healthier planet for future generations, Ocean Networks Canada utilizes its one-of-a-kind cabled undersea laboratories to elicit new discoveries and study the dynamics of this vast world above and below the seafloor to enable solutions—connecting scientists to inspired leaders—that will ensure a very long continuation of humankind on Earth.

4 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. DISCOVER THE OCEAN. UNDERSTAND THE OCEAN THE PLANET.

The dorsal fin of an Orca breaches the surface.

oceannetworks.ca 5 5 BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ MESSAGE

Most readers of this annual report will be familiar with the history of Ocean Networks Canada. The organization was created by the University of Victoria in 2007 to oversee the building and operation of the cabled observatories, NEPTUNE and VENUS, which were at that time being developed as national, indeed international, facilities to support the collection of data regarding physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects of the ocean over long time periods, thereby supporting research on complex Earth processes in ways not previously possible. The building of these observatories was funded largely by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) and the Province of British Columbia. Operating and maintenance costs have been similarly funded over the years. Since 2012 the CFI contribution has come through the Major Science Initiatives (MSI) program. The University of Victoria has also made significant investments in ONC over the years.

An important aspect of ONC’s mission has been to explore opportunities for engagement regarding the observatories and the research they support beyond the research community itself. In particular, this role has included working with companies in the private sector relating to the commercialization of the unique technologies and infrastructure employed by the observatories. ONC is fortunate to have received special funding to address this challenge under Canada’s Centres of Excellence for Commercialization and Research (CECR) program. This past year, this funding was extended until 2018, by which time ONC’s Innovation Centre, as the CECR is now called, will be self sufficient. This extension of funding has already been of strategic significance as it has enabled ONC to explore further means by which it can bring economic, social and environmental benefits to Canadians.

In particular, with the extension of CECR funding in hand, ONC’s Innovation Centre applied for and received funding from Western Economic Diversification to create Smart Oceans BC, a new initiative that will enable the monitoring of BC’s coast to improve public and marine safety. The initiative has five themes: tsunami detection; earthquake early warning; storm surge monitoring; marine information for vessels; and a deep analytics centre in partnership with IBM Canada. These themes will be implemented with partners at the University of Victoria, the UBC, SFU and Dalhousie University, as well as with industry partners.

6 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. As of the time of writing, ONC learned that funding for the operating costs of the observatories for the three years 2014-2017 to match the MSI award was confirmed. This great news was the result of many discussions with all the parties involved at the federal and provincial levels that had been underway for well over a year. The Board of ONC wishes to thank the University of Victoria for the unstinting support they have extended to ONC as the organization grappled with this challenge.

On behalf of the Board, I would like to acknowledge the significant contribution of Kate Moran and senior ONC management, indeed all ONC staff, in responding so positively to the funding challenges of the past year. The creativity and energy that they brought to meet the challenges of the CECR funding for the Innovation Centre and the Smart Oceans BC initiative, as well as to the broader matter of support for the operating costs of the observatories, have been absolutely essential to the organization’s future success.

Andrew Bjerring Chair, Ocean Networks Canada Board of Directors

oceannetworks.ca 7 7 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

Fiscal year 2013/14 was one of excitement and new growth for Ocean Networks Canada. Together with further implementation of organization restructuring, it was a busy year for all.

In January 2014, following an eight-month proposal preparation, submission, and panel review, the National Centres of Excellence awarded $4.1M to ONC’s Innovation Centre as a Centre of Excellence for Commercialization and Research under Scott McLean’s leadership. The success is attributed to the Innovation Centre’s new business plan focused on Smart Ocean Systems™, which brings together ONC’s ocean observatory know-how with sensor technologies and analytics. This same business model allowed ONC to move forward with a new initiative called Smart Oceans BC.

Smart Oceans BC is the next phase in the world-class Ocean Networks Canada system that has the potential to position Canada as a global leader in ocean technology for good ocean management and responsible ocean use. Smart Oceans BC combines existing and new marine sensing technology with ONC’s data management and archive system, Oceans 2.0, so that coastal areas along the BC coast can be managed safely following environmentally sound approaches.

Funding to build Smart Oceans BC was awarded in February 2014 from Western Economic Diversification ($9.1M) in partnership with IBM Canada ($11.4M). Ocean Networks Canada was also awarded a CANARIE grant ($600k) to develop faster event detection and to enable a mobile version of Oceans 2.0 for use in geographically remote sensor locations, technology that will enhance the capacity to deliver on Smart Oceans BC.

In the spring, summer, and fall of 2013, operations and maintenance expeditions were completed on all of the observatories: NEPTUNE, VENUS, and the Arctic. This year’s primary operational challenge occurred when one of ONC’s key remotely operated vehicle operators decided not to participate in our new competitive process for these services. As a result, ONC used two new providers for NEPTUNE operations; one had some learning curve challenges, while the other demonstrated their ability to work on three of the five node locations.

8 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. Challenges inevitably arise and this year was no different. In the summer, a trawler impacted and removed the offshore vertical profiler. Luckily, the over $1M buoy was spotted by a local fisher and we were able to recover the damaged components.

Most of our expeditions were connected via high bandwidth telecommunications, Wiring the Abyss 2013 that once again allowed for real-time participation by anyone on the Internet. This high speed connection enabled ONC’s Ship2Shore program, which connects teachers onboard the ship to students and classrooms onshore, to support two teachers on the NEPTUNE expeditions.

Scientific use of the facility continued to grow this year where the number of users accessing data increased from just under 8000 last year to over 11,000 this year. Consistent with this increase, published scientific contributions increased to 53 this year. The number of data requests increased to over 60,000 this year from just over 20,000 last year.

ONC’s education and outreach expanded to include a 30 minute cable TV show called Ocean Alive! that showcased ONC’s technology and how it addresses three different areas of research: marine mammals, tsunamis, and deep sea vents.

ONC is positioned for success in the next and subsequent years with its ongoing growth in scientific use of the observatories and the expansion of systems in new frontiers.

We are most grateful for the continuing and new support from the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Government of British Columbia, National Centres of Excellence, National Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Western Economic Diversification, Canada’s Advanced Research and Innovation Network, Transport Canada, and IBM Canada.

Kate Moran President & CEO

oceannetworks.ca 9 9 GOVERNANCE

ONC Board Mandate system tailored to nurture and protect its assets, foster partnerships, and enhance the research

• facilitate research on current and future outcomes and impacts.

observatories; Recognizing the scale, scope, life-span, and • promote oceans-related research and international user community, ONC was created by enhance oceans-based research capacity the University of Victoria in 2007 as a not-for-profit society under the British Columbia Societies Act to at the University of Victoria and at the provide dedicated governance and management of pan-Canadian partner universities; this world-leading ocean observatory. • promote ocean-based public As prescribed in the ONC Society by-laws and with engagement and dissemination; Andrew Bjerring continuing as Chair, the Board of • cooperate with national and international Directors met four times in this fiscal year, one of research organizations with similar which was combined with a full day of strategic discussions. interests; • promote the cooperation of academia, The Board of Directors interacts with the University government and industry in ocean through a Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC). This Committee’s mandate is to ensure sufficient research; communication between the University and • apply for grants and conduct fund-raising ONC with respect to the operation of VENUS and projects related to oceans observatory NEPTUNE. As usual, the JMC met quarterly where they reviewed ONC submissions to the University research; of Victoria Board of Governors, discussed new • acquire and hold property, both real ways for ONC administrative and finance to work and personal, for the furtherance of the together, and resolved issues that arose.

purposes of the Society; and The International Science Advisory Board (ISAB), • conduct related activities that will which advises the President on science strategy and promote the purposes of the Society. international relationships, met in June. The ISAB provides strategic guidance and perspective on the international stage. The NEPTUNE Science Planning, NEPTUNE Users, and VENUS Users Advisory As steward of major subsea observatories that committees were amalgamated in 2013-14 into a enable frontier research in ocean and earth new, single Ocean Observatory Council, that provides sciences, ONC has developed, over time, a guidance on science and operational priorities. The comprehensive governance and management Council met regularly via teleconference, and in person several times during the year.

10 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

ONC Board of Directors: University of Victoria* Andrew Bjerring, Board Chair, Board of Governors Board of Past President & CEO, CANARIE Inc. Directors Kate Moran, President & CEO, Ocean Networks Canada President & Howard Brunt, Vice President of Research, CEO University of Victoria Martha Crago, Vice President of Research, Dalhousie University David Fissel, President & CEO, ASL CFAO Innovation Observatory User Environmental Sciences Inc. Centre Operations Engagement Louis Fortier, Professor, Laval University Tom Gallagher, President, Prime Energy Inc. Gayle Gorrill, Vice President of Finance & Finance Marine Marine Science Services Operations, University of Victoria Observations Operations C.C. (Bud) Graham, Special Advisor to the Deputy Minister, BC Ministry of Environment Administration User Services Christopher Loomis, Former Vice President of Ocean Analytics Digital Research, Memorial University Infrastructure Peter Madden, Higher Education & Research, Sensors IBM Canada Ltd. * The University of Victoria is the single Larry Mayer, Director, Center for Coastal and member of the ONC Society and one Ocean Mapping, University of New Hampshire member of the University’s Board of Learning Charles Randell, President & CEO, C-CORE Inc. Governors is also a member of the Jim Roche, President and CEO of Stratford ONC Board of Directors. Managers Corporation Beverly Van Ruyven, Former Deputy CEO and Executive Vice President, BC Hydro Alan Winter, President and CEO of Genome British Columbia

ONC Board of Directors

Bottom row (left to right): Upper row (left to right): Tom Gallagher, Peter Madden, Martha Crago, Jamie Millin, Howard Brunt, Kate Moran, Christopher Loomis, Gayle Gorrill, Charles Randell, Andrew Bjerring, Bud Graham, Jim Roche. Beverly Van Ruyven, Alan Winter.

oceannetworks.ca 11 11 MANAGEMENT

During the 2013/14 fiscal year, reorganization (from the previous NEPTUNE and VENUS separate functioning units to an integrated organization) continued with minor modifications to the reporting structure.

At the end of the fiscal year, Ken Denman stepped down as Chief Scientist. Ken joined the ONC team in January 2011 to broaden Staff Scientists. Left to Right: Akash Sastri, Martin Heesemann, and develop new collaborations with other Steven Mihaly, Richard Dewey, Martin Scherwath, Fabio De Leo. scientists and organizations in Canada and internationally. His personal research new staff addresses the effects of climate change on Akash Sastri, Staff Scientist marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles, Fabio DeLeo, Staff Scientist in particular: how will marine ecosystems adapt Jessica Stignant, Development Officer to a future ocean that will be warmer, more Tammy Welch, Accounting Coordinator stratified, less oxygenated and more acidic? Joyce Coleman, Accounting Coordinator Alice Bui, Scientific Data Specialist We thank Ken for his advice and guidance on Nick Allen, Junior Software Developer scientific strategies on a global scale, his work Melissa MacArthur, Junior Software Developer in advancing the new ONC research plan, Bernadette Simas, Junior Software Developer and his help on many other fronts during the Cassandra Rosa, Junior Software Developer reorganization. Ken will continue, on a part- time basis, to provide advice and guidance to innovation centre ONC. Ryan Flagg, Observatory Support Engineer Kristen Kanes, Underwater Acoustic Analyst Tania Lado Insua, Ocean Analytics Program Manager New staff were hired this year, including Roe Markham, Ocean Analytics Business two new Staff Scientists Fabio De Leo and Development Officer Akash Sastri. Gord Rees, Digital Infrastructure Development Officer

promotions Maia Hoeberechts, Associate Director, User Services Reyna Jenkyns, Data Stewardship Team Lead Karen Douglas, GIS Specialist Data Manager, Marlene Jeffries Ben Biffard, Senior Scientific Programmer Marlene Jeffries, Data Manager

Positioning an auxilary platform with a bottom pressure recorder near one of ONC’s seismometers.

12 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. ONC MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP

Associate Director, Science Services Associate Director, User Services Director, User Engagement Dr. Richard Dewey Dr. Maia Hoeberechts Dr. Kim Juniper

Dr. Richard Dewey holds a BSc in Dr. Maia Hoeberechts joined Ocean Dr. Juniper has been a Professor Physics from the University of Victoria Networks Canada in 2010 as the in the School of Earth and Ocean (1983) and a PhD in Oceanography Staff Scientist for Computer Science Sciences and the Department of from the University of British and Engineering, a role which she Biology at the University of Victoria, Columbia (1987). He is an Adjunct held for three years before assuming and holder of the BC Leadership Professor in the School of Earth her current position in October, Chair in Ocean Ecosystems and and Ocean Sciences at University of 2013. She continues her research Global Change since 2006. He came Victoria, where he has taught seven involvement as Adjunct Professor in to the University of Victoria from the different courses. the Department of Computer Science Université du Québec à Montréal at the University of Victoria focusing where he was Professor of Biology His research interests are coastal on interdisciplinary connections and Director of the GEOTOP Research dynamics, boundary layers, mixing, between ocean science and computer Centre. He received his BSc from the turbulence, waves, and tides. He has science, principally in the areas of University of Alberta (1976) and a conducted research throughout the computer vision, automated event PhD from Canterbury University in Pacific from Japan to California, and detection and data visualization. Christchurch, New Zealand (1982). along the B.C., Alaskan, and Arctic coasts. He has used a wide range Before joining Ocean Networks The primary focus of his research of observing systems to support Canada, Maia worked as the project has been the biogeochemistry and his research, participating in over manager on an interdisciplinary ecology of submarine hydrothermal 100 ship-based expeditions. He is research project at Western systems. His interdisciplinary an original author of the VENUS University to develop and market publications on deep sea vents observatory proposal, and has an emotionally adaptive computer encompass the fields of microbial worked in the capacity of serving the music composition engine. In 2009, ecology, biomineralization and observatory community since 2001. she received the Western Faculty of benthic ecology. Science Outreach and Recruitment Richard supervises the Staff Scientists Award. Kim previously served the Canada in meeting the needs of ONC project as Co-Chief Scientist from researchers, and is a member of the Maia holds a PhD in Computer 2004-2006, and was President of ONC Operations Executive team. Science in the area of computability the Canadian Scientific Submersible theory and a BSc in Philosophy and Facility from 2001 to 2011. Previous Computer Science from Western to his current role, he served as University. Her doctoral research Associate Director of Science for focused on the interface between NEPTUNE Canada. theory and practice in computer science.

oceannetworks.ca 13 Associate Director, Marine Operations Chief Finance & Administration Officer Director, ONC Innovation Centre Ian Kulin Duc Le Scott McLean

Ian Kulin joined ONC in January 2012 Duc Le brings a distinguished career Scott McLean, a professional as an Associate Director for NEPTUNE in senior financial and administrative electrical engineer, brings over Canada. He now leads the marine positions across Canada to strengthen 21 years of ocean technology operations teams of NEPTUNE and the executive team. He joined Ocean development experience to ONC VENUS, which merged in 2013. Work Networks Canada from the Parkland from Halifax, where he worked roles for Ian include heading up the Regional Health Authority in Manitoba, for eight years as chief technology ONC facility at the Marine Technology where he held the position of VP officer and vice-president of research Centre in Sidney, BC as well as the Corporate Services and Chief Financial and development at a high-tech position of Chief Scientist / Expedition Officer since 2009. oceanographic company. Leader on multiple expeditions and maintenance cruises on vessels such Mr. Le has extensive experience Scott’s areas of expertise include as the R/V TG Thompson, CLGS JP collaborating with senior officials sensor development, observing Tully and D/V JOIDES Resolution. Ian in government, universities, and system design and sensor integration is a graduate of Dalhousie University the private sector. Previously, he into observing systems. From his (TUNS) and a LEEDS Accredited played a senior administrative experience in product development Professional Engineer. He spent the role with McMaster University, from concept through to creation, previous five years at the University helping to grow research funding, Scott has the proven ability to of Rhode Island Graduate School academic programming and facilities turn partnerships and technology of Oceanography as an engineer construction. Additionally, as Director transfers from Canadian and on Dr. Robert Ballard’s E/V Nautilus of Finance and Administration for international groups into successful team and as Project Manager on the a crown corporation, he guided the commercial products. Scott also Construction and Commissioning strategic financial objectives for two serves as the Business Development of their Inner Space Center. His research parks affiliated with the Officer for Ocean Observing work included all Nautilus vessel universities of Saskatchewan and Technology. upgrades, maintenance and future Regina. planning as well as development of a new instrument package for the A Certified Management Accountant, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program. Duc holds a BSc in Engineering from Prior to working on the Ballard the University of Montreal, and an team Ian worked for over 17 years MSc in Economics and Finance from managing various engineering Queen’s University. projects in more than ten countries on three continents.

14 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. President & CEO Associate Director, Digital Infrastructure Director, Observatory Operations Dr. Kate Moran BenoÎt Pirenne Adrian Round

Dr. Kathryn (Kate) Moran joined the Benoît Pirenne is Associate Director, A graduate of Royal Military College University of Victoria in September Digital Infrastructure, at Ocean in Kingston, Ontario, with a BEng 2011 as a Professor in the Faculty of Networks Canada. He joined Electrical, Adrian Round, OMM, Science and as Director of NEPTUNE NEPTUNE Canada in October 2004 MSc completed a full career in Canada. In July, 2012, she was after having spent about 18 years at the Canadian Navy. Over his 26 promoted to the position of President the European Southern Observatory years in uniform, he served in a & CEO, Ocean Networks Canada. Her (ESO), a leading Organization for number of sea-going and shore previous appointment was Professor astronomical research where he command appointments including at the University of Rhode Island with assumed a number of scientific and the Commanding Officer of HMCS a joint appointment in the Graduate technical (IT) positions in the area of Algonquin and the Base Commander School of Oceanography and the data management. of Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt. Department of Ocean Engineering. She also served as the Graduate Benoît heads the Digital Infrastructure In 2002, Adrian retired from the School of Oceanography’s Associate department that builds and operates Canadian Forces and in March 2003 Dean, Research and Administration. Oceans 2.0, the data management joined the VENUS Project as the From 2009 to 2011, Moran was and archiving system for ONC. Project Manager. For nine years he seconded to the White House Office of led the design, construction and Science and Technology Policy where Benoît holds a Masters degree in operation of the VENUS Coastal she served as an Assistant Director Computer Science from the University Network, an ocean observatory and focused on Arctic, polar, ocean, of Namur, Belgium (1986) and using fibre optic cables in the waters the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and graduated in Computer Science from around Victoria. In January 2013 he climate policy issues. the Institut St-Laurent in Liège, assumed his current role as Director, Belgium in 1983. Observatory Operations for ONC. Moran holds degrees from the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Rhode Island and Dalhousie University. Her research focuses on marine geotechnics and its application to the study of paleoceanography, tectonics and seafloor stability. She has authored more than 45 publications.

oceannetworks.ca 15 15 ONC COMMITTEE MEMBERS

International Science Ulf Riebesell OBSERVATORY COUNCIL Advisory Board Professor, Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR | Helmholtz Centre for Ocean John Hildebrand Research Kiel Mark Abbott Scripps Institution of Oceanography Dean, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Henry Ruhl University of California San Diego Sciences at Oregon State University Project Manager, UK National David Butterfield Oceanography Centre Susan Avery Scientist, Joint Institute for the Study of President and Director of Woods Hole Kiyoshi Suyehiro Atmosphere and Ocean University of Oceanographic Institution President, Integrated Ocean Drilling Washington and NOAA Pacific Marine Program, Japan Ecology Laboratory Marcel Babin Canada Excellence Research Chair in Frank Vernon Earl Davis Remote Sensing of Canada’s New Arctic Deputy Director, Ocean Observatory Scientist, Geological Survey of Canada, Frontier, Université Laval Initiative, Cyber-infrastructure Program, Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Geoscience Centre Kendra Daly University of California San Diego Associate Professor, College of Marine Rick Thomson Science, University of South Florida Pinxian Wang Physical Oceanographer, Institute of Ocean Professor, Marine Geology and Geophysics Sciences Jacqueline Grebmeier Department, Tongji University and Research Professor, University of Maryland Rich Pawlowicz President of the Chinese Committee on Associate Professor, Physical Bruce Howe Ocean Research Oceanography, University of British Research Professor at Ocean and Bob Weller Columbia Resources Engineering, University of Principal Investigator, Global and Coastal Hawaii Scale Nodes, Ocean Observatory Initiative, David Martin Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Associate Director and Principal Oceanographer, Advanced Physics Laboratory, University of Washington

International Science Advisory Board. Left to right: Bruce Howe, Jacqueline Grebmeier, Mark Abbott, David Martin, Kendra Daly, Henry Ruhl, Frank Vernon, Kiyoshi Suyehiro, Huiping Xu.

16 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. “Canada’s unique eye on the sea (Ocean Networks Canada) is used by oceanographers, geographers, chemists and other scientists around the world who are able to conduct experiments in real-time from the shallow shore-line all the way to the abyss.”

- Quirks and Quarks - Bob MacDonald: Bob Goes to Sea to See Some Ocean Research – 2013/06/29

oceannetworks.ca 17 17 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Mapping Low-Oxygen Waters over the Continental Slope and Shelf

In August and September 2013, Ocean Networks Canada partnered with the Schmidt Ocean Institute to conduct a series of experiments and observations west of Vancouver Island to map the patterns, pathways, and habitats of low- oxygen ecosystems. Using a variety of advanced profiling techniques and the Canadian Science Submersible Facility ROV ROPOS, a team of ONC and international scientists boarded the R/V Falkor and surveyed the slope and shelf waters over- lying the NEPTUNE Observatory. Over 2800 water column profiles were collected, and 16 ROV dives completed, extensively mapping out the distribution of low-oxygen water in the region and surveying a wide range of benthic communities exposed to hypoxic conditions.

18 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Monitoring Surface Conditions Smart Ocean SystemsTm in the Strait of Georgia This year we have embarked on a new and As part of a Leading Edge Fund expansion of exciting expansion of the Ocean Networks Canada the VENUS coastal observatory, researchers observatories to include a variety of remote have been actively analyzing and assessing and distributed systems for a wide range of spatio-temporal data obtained from Ocean scientific and marine monitoring purposes. Under Networks Canada’s Coastal Ocean Dynamics the banner of Smart Ocean SystemsTM, Ocean Application Radar (CODAR) array and under-way Networks Canada was funded to begin extending thermosalinograph and weather monitoring marine observations into regions where there systems installed on the Queen of Alberni BC are increased concerns about water quality, Ferry. Both systems map out the near surface increased shipping traffic, geohazards, and coastal properties across the Strait of Georgia, and community safety. Among the many research have now been fully operational for over a year. opportunities represented by the expanded Researchers at both the University of Victoria and observations, one highlight is the emergence of a British Columbia are assisting with data quality coordinated BC Hydrophone Network, to monitor assessment and calibration efforts, and analyzing and quantify the ambient sound at critical sites the signals to reveal the variable patterns of in BC’s coastal waters. These observations will currents and water properties in this dynamic support research into marine mammal habitat region, strongly influenced by tides and the Fraser utilization, changes in ambient sound over time River. Expansions of both the CODAR (up to two associated with anthropogenic activities, and the new stations) and underway Ferry sampling (two detection of natural phenomena contributing to new instrumented Ferries) systems are underway, underwater sound (i.e. wind, waves, lightening extending coverage both temporally and spatially and earthquakes). across this important waterway.

oceannetworks.ca 19 19 Biorhythms Revealed by Long InDeep: New research Time Series partnerships on deep-sea ecosystem dynamics and A key aspect of the Ocean Networks Canada biodiversity observatories is the ability to generate long, high-resolution time series of critical data related ONC hosted an international workshop designed to species behaviour and marine habitats. Over to strengthen research collaborations with the the past year, there were no less than four high- International Network for Scientific Investigations profile scientific papers published exploring the of Deep-Sea Ecosystems (INDEEP), a group of rhythms of biological species as revealed by high-profile scientists studying deep-sea benthic instruments on both the VENUS and NEPTUNE habitats related to biodiversity, ecosystem function, observatories. From biorhythms at the Endeavour and faunal responses to climate change and vent field, to sablefish behaviour across the other anthropogenic impacts. New collaborations continental slope and zooplankton dynamics have emerged and ONC successfully recovered in Saanich Inlet, the high-resolution time series and re-deployed experiments in Barkley Canyon, that can be achieved from a cabled system have using continuous high resolution video imaging. provided unprecedented insight into how species Researchers from Scripps Institute of Oceanography behave and habitats change on time scales of and the University of Hawaii are among the new hours to years. Key instruments supporting partners who are studying organic (whalebones this research are water property sensors, and wood) and inorganic (authigenic carbonate) water column acoustic echo-sounders, and substrates for the colonization and succession by remotely controlled observatory camera systems the benthic communities. monitoring benthic species.

20 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. Cabled Observatory Vent Successful Installation of Imaging System Borehole Sensors

Experiments installed at the hot vents of the In May 2013, as part of the Integrated Ocean Endeavour Main Field continue to generate Drilling Program Expedition 341S, the Simple fundamental research results and attract global Cabled Instrument for Measuring Parameters interest. The Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging In situ (SCIMPI) was successfully deployed in System (COVIS) is a complex sonar imaging Clayoquot Slope. SCIMPI is a new borehole platform specifically designed and built for sensor package designed to take time series monitoring hot mineral rich plumes of vent measurements of temperature, pore pressure, water as they buoyantly rise above the vent and electrical resistivity in the sub-seafloor. pours. Researchers from Rutgers University and The nine measurement modules are connected the University of Washington are leading these to a command module by flexible cables. The experiments. Recent results highlight unique command module with the data-logger lays on measurements of the volume flux, the plume the seafloor, although its design will allow future velocity, and the expansion rate as the hot connection to the NEPTUNE observatory. The first fluid rises above the vent field. Scanning sonar SCIMPI data were downloaded during the Ocean systems are used to track the location, size, Networks Canada Wiring the Abyss expedition in and venting activity of the Grotto vent tower in June 2013. The data recovered are currently being the Main Endeavour Field. The venting velocity analyzed and could provide insightful information is modulated by the ocean currents and the about the dynamics of sub-bottom gas hydrates. semidiurnal tides, revealing a coupling of large scale ocean and hydrothermal dynamics.

oceannetworks.ca 21 WIRING THE ABYSS 2013 EXPEDITION

Wiring the Abyss 2013, ONC’s operations and maintenance operations, started in early March and continued well into September. A total of five major maintenance expeditions, split into nearshore and offshore work, were conducted on three different ships.

The first was completed aboard the CCGSJohn P. Tully in May, with operations at Barkley Canyon and Folger Passage using the Oceanic Explorer remotely operated vehicle (ROV), operated by CanPac Divers. For the first time, live audio streams of the conversations of the scientists, engineers and ROV team onboard the ship were broadcast along with live video streams.

At Barkley Canyon, all platforms, with the exception of Upper Slope, were recovered, maintained on deck and then redeployed by winch. The Folger Deep platform was recovered, cleaned, and maintained. A partial crew change of four science and engineering personnel was completed near Bamfield on May 17th. Two passengers, Dr. Verena Tunnicliffe and Bob MacDonald, boarded the ship and spent the night and the following day participating in visual survey dives of Effingham Inlet. The final operational task of the expedition was deployment of the Folger Deep platform.

Throughout the cruise, water property casts were completed and water samples collected to test for dissolved oxygen in seawater. Echo sounder surveys investigating plumes of methane bubbles rising up from the seafloor were completed. The cruise ended on May 23rd when the CCGS John P. Tully returned to Saanich Inlet to conduct VENUS maintenance.

Concurrent with the CCGS John P. Tully cruise, staff from ONC joined the drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution for the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Leg 341S. This ten-day engineering expedition deployed a new IODP funded instrument called SCIMPI (Simple Cabled Instrument for Measuring Parameters In situ) at the NEPTUNE Clayquot Slope site.

22 SCIMPI is a new observatory instrument designed to Throughout the cruise, CTD casts were completed at study dynamic processes below the seafloor based on predetermined locations and water samples collected a simple and low-cost approach. to test for dissolved oxygen in seawater. When time permitted, multibeam surveys were completed at the ONC’s third operations cruise of the season, aboard Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca ridge. The the R/V Thomas G. Thompson, was completed cruise ended on June 25th when the R/V Thomas between June 9-26, 2013, with operations at Cascadia G. Thompson returned to Seattle where the Ocean Basin, Endeavour and Clayoquot Slope. All of the Networks Canada team, ROV crew and visiting scientific installations were conducted using the scientists de-mobilized and disembarked. remotely operated vehicle (ROV), Millennium Plus, operated by Oceaneering. The Millennium Plus was The fourth ONC expedition was in October and was outfitted with a high definition camera that provided dedicated to servicing systems on the VENUS coastal live feeds via the ONC website. As with the previous observatory. It was conducted on board the CCGS maintenance cruise in May, video streams as well as Vector using the Oceanic Explorer remotely operated conversations and discussions among the ROV pilots, vehicle (ROV). The program was a combination Dive Chief and loggers, were broadcast live. of recovering completed experiments, servicing instruments, and the introduction of a new forensics The highest priority of this cruise was to install new experiment. cables in several locations at Endeavour. Due to operational difficulties, the cables could not be laid In the Strait of Georgia, the Delta Dynamics Laboratory and focus turned to diagnosing this failure at one of (NRCan) and the Innovation Centre hydrophone arrays regional circulation moorings, which was the second were recovered for maintenance. highest priority task. During the troubleshooting efforts, it was also determined that another cable had The fifth and final expedition for ONC was in March failed. 2014 on board the CCGS John P. Tully. This expedition mirrored many aspects of the September 2013 trip Having completed the cable investigations, work where all work focused on the VENUS observatory. turned to the Main Endeavour Field to install a number of instruments including Tempo-Mini, the benthic and resistivity sensor (BARS), the remote access water sampler (RAS), an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), as well as to collect some vent faunas from the unique Marine Protected Area encompassing the Grotto vent field. Using the ROV, a visual survey was also completed of Grotto.

With the Endeavour work completed, the ship transitted to Cascadia Basin where a conductivity- temperature-depth (CTD) instrument, an ADCP, and an LF hydrophone were installed. An experimental Innovation Centre platform was also replaced. At Clayquot Slope the controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) transmitter and receiver string was recovered. In addition, the SCIMPI data logger was swapped out.

oceannetworks.ca 23 SMART OCEANS BC

With the recent expansion of cabled ocean observing systems along the northern coast of BC and northern Strait of Georgia, Smart Oceans BC leverages the unique capabilities of the world’s most advanced cabled ocean observatories—the subsea platforms of NEPTUNE and VENUS—to inform public safety, enhance marine safety and provide state-of-the-art environmental monitoring. Smart Oceans BC utilizes the powerful data management system, Oceans 2.0, to manage data from existing and new marine sensing technology so that coastal and offshore areas Under the Ocean Networks Canada Innovation of Canada, particularly those slated for resource Centre, a federally funded Centre of Excellence for extraction or transportation, can be managed safely Commercialization and Research, Smart Oceans BC following environmentally sound approaches. expands opportunities for economic growth in BC and Canada through the commercialization of advanced The overall goals of Smart Oceans BC are multi-faceted systems developed on NEPTUNE and VENUS. The and include: contributing to the implementation of a Ocean Networks Canada Innovation Centre introduces world-class marine safety system; delivering a world- these advanced ocean observing technologies to world class ocean area management system on Canada’s markets. west coast; supporting current provincial, federal and First Nations priorities; and driving new economic To assist with the purchase and installation of the benefits for Canada. The implementation of Smart initial infrastructure required to deliver Smart Oceans Oceans BC’s goals will benefit Canada’s economic BC, Western Economic Diversification is providing future in critical geographic areas such as the Strait $9.1M over three years (starting fiscal 2013/2014). of Georgia, the Port of Vancouver, the Port of Prince Ocean Networks Canada was also awarded a CANARIE Rupert, Kitimat, Campbell River, Port Alberni, and grant in the amount of $600,000 to develop faster Douglas Channel waterways as well as the associated event detection and to support a mobile Oceans 2.0 shipping routes to the high seas. for use in geographically remote sensor locations.

Specifically, Smart Oceans BC systems will enhance IBM Canada is providing $11M, an investment that current infrastructure in the areas of marine safety will enhance the data analytics capacity required to by monitoring and providing alerts on sea state support Smart Oceans BC. As of March 31, 2014, Smart and ship traffic, in public safety through natural Oceans BC received the IT infrastructure from IBM hazard notifications for earthquake ground-shaking, to begin the development of advanced data analytic underwater landslides and near-field tsunamis, in capabilities. environmental protection by gaining a baseline of critical areas and providing real-time environmental Smart Oceans BC is a next phase in the world-class observations for managing operations and accidents Ocean Networks Canada system, and it will position should they occur, and in science-based decision Canada as a global leader in ocean technology by making by leveraging the NEPTUNE and VENUS delivering science and information for good ocean observatories to help support decision-making. management and responsible ocean use.

24 ONC INNOVATION CENTRE

Tapping the Blue Economy

The Ocean Networks Canada Innovation Centre celebrated the year with a big vote of confidence from the Government of Canada. The Innovation Centre competed for, and won, a second term of funding through the Centres of Excellence in Commercialization and Research (CECR) program. This $4.4 million award supports our mandate to accelerate ocean observation technology and global market opportunities for Canada.

The Smart Ocean Systems™ portfolio of products and services launched in September is designed to Based in Nova Scotia, Ocean Sonics continues to grow leverage the technological innovation generated from a worldwide reputation for quality and robustness as industry partners and ONC’s observatories. It continues its digital hydrophones win praise from researchers to revolve around established product lines: Ocean around the world in expanding applications for Observing Technology, Sensor Technology and Ocean marine renewable energy, marine ambient noise and Analytics. Smart Ocean SystemsTM was central to the marine mammal monitoring. AML Oceanographic, success of the Western Economic Diversification and from Vancouver Island, demonstrated a novel new IBM Canada awards for Smart Oceans BC. ultraviolet anti-biofouling system with impressive results. Their product is expected to improve the In step with its global growth of the “Blue Economy,” longevity of many oceanographic instruments in situ the Innovation Centre continues to build international with significant export market potential. recognition for ONC and the Canadian marine sector through strategic partnerships. This included As fiscal 13/14 drew to a close, the Centre’s revenues leading trade missions to China, India and Brazil were growing as planned, supported by ONC’s strong and leading national pavilions at both London and governance structure and an engaged Board of Shanghai’s premiere Oceanology conferences. The Directors. Innovation Centre also worked to produce numerous international agreements. A collaboration with China’s National Ocean Technology Center and State Oceanic Administration, signed in September, will develop complementary technology development activity.

The Technology Accelerator Program worked steadily with Canadian instrument manufacturers from coast to coast to turn industry deployments on the ocean observatories into success on the international market.

oceannetworks.ca 25 IMPACT website traffic Scientists & Visitors

Users of the Ocean Networks Canada facility range from scientists deploying instruments to visitors of the website who view data highlights, video and other media. The number of active scientific users increased to over 11,000 this year. 62,000 data download requests were submitted, a threefold increase over last year. Analysis of ONC data supported the 325,000 publication of 56 scientific contributions Visitor traffic to ONC’s websites exceeded 325,000 this year. sessions and nearly 1.2 million page views this year with two-thirds becoming returning users. These website visitors spent over 380 days accessing ONC.

Visitor locations were broadly distributed across 183 183 countries. The top ten countries were United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, France, Germany, Countries Spain, China, India and Sweden.

26 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. SOCIAL MEDIA REACH

Users are increasingly engaging with ONC through social media channels, including YouTube, Vimeo, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. Building our social networks is a focus for the ONC communications team. This year, our Facebook fans increased by 360% with ONC posts viewed over 270,000 times.

Our YouTube and Vimeo channels attracted over 345,000 views with over 325,000 minutes (225 days) Views spent by viewers watching Ocean Networks Canada 345,000 video highlights. Top videos included Sea Pig Slow Dance (123,009 views), Caged pig: Forensic experiment in the ocean (52,000 views), Striding Sea Spider (28,795 views), and Blue Whale Song (12,300 views).

The 1800 images in our Flickr photo collections 360%INCREASE IN FACEBOOK FANS garnered over half a million views.

The largest YouTube viewer demographic was 25-34 year olds with about one third of all views. About over a third 30% of our viewers fell into the 18-24 age range, and another 25% of views were by 35-54 year olds. 25-34 years 500,000

VIEWS

oceannetworks.ca 27 MEDIA REACH

Breathing new life into Portal to the undersea Media Reach ocean research world

In August, Ocean Networks As global awareness of the Ocean Networks Canada and Canada and the Schmidt Ocean impact of the ocean on our its NEPTUNE, VENUS and Institute undertook an expedition lives and livelihood grows, and Cambridge Bay observatories aboard the $62-million R/V Falkor, concern over human influence enjoyed ongoing media profiles with scientists and researchers on the state of the ocean throughout the year, generating from Canadian universities expands, accurate science-based at least 160 stories in television, studying low-oxygen, acidic reporting is becoming more radio, newspapers, magazines waters off the coast of Vancouver and more relevant. The ONC and online channels. Island. communications team reaches out to stakeholders around the ONC thanks the many journalists 2013 proved to be one of the world living in coastal, inland and photographers—local, busiest expedition seasons for and northern communities, and regional, national and on the Ocean Networks Canada. We spanning the science, academia, other side of the globe—for completed five expeditions with government, industry, and sharing our stories with audiences dozens of instruments maintained education communities. of all ages and interests. and deployed and many science projects supported. ONC’s data, photos and videos • The Victoria Times Colonist, collected on its seafloor Vancouver Sun, Globe and Our at sea expeditions, major observatories and seagoing Mail, and other major dailies observatory developments expeditions provide a unique across Canada. and our events continue to be portal to the undersea world. This • Regional community newsworthy, generating media portal opens the world beneath newspapers across BC such as stories around the world from the surface of our seas to citizen the Alberni Valley News and as far away as India and Yemen, scientists across Canada and the Island Tides. to spanning North America from around the globe—people of all • Maclean’s national weekly, Halifax to Nunavut and Alaska. ages who share an interest in Pacific Yachting Magazine, discovering more about the ocean British Columbia Magazine, and our planet. and The Times of India. • CBC’s The National, Al Jazeera, CBC Radio Canada, CTV News, CHEK/CBC News, Global TV, Discovery Channel, and Shaw Cable. • Quirks & Quarks with Bob McDonald, CBC Radio Canada, RCI – Radio Can International, On the Island, On the Coast,

28 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. Phare Ouest and North by and Research program. The • Bob goes to sea to see some Northwest, Radio CKNW and celebration of the first birthday of ocean research (Quirks and CFAX. the Cambridge Bay observatory Quarks) • On the industry side: Sea was reported, along with the • 99 reasons why it’s better to Technology, Ocean News and deployment of a new sub-seafloor be Canadian (Maclean’s – we’re Technology, Ocean Observing instrument aboard the JOIDES #77) Systems and Subsea World Resolution drilling vessel, among • The abyss, now live on your News, Sensors and Systems, a wide range of other topics. desktop (Sensors & Systems) Marketwired, and IT World • Cool science from hot vents Canada. This year’s headlines match ONC’s (CTV) • Our University of Victoria news accomplishments: • Canada’s expertise can lead networks: the Ring, Martlett, the way (Vancouver Sun) Radio CFUV, and the UVic • Ocean Networks Canada off to • Open ocean to inner sea website. wire the abyss (CTV) expedition underway (Times • Online blogs including the • The hottest science projects Colonist) Canadian Geographic blog, (The Times of India) • Le Falkor en mission pour IODP’s Core Discoveries • Sea-floor probe could unlock quatre semaines (CBC Radio- Newsletter and blog, redOrbit, mysteries of gas hydrates Canada) the Vancouver Aquarium blog, (Victoria Times Colonist) • A new view of the Arctic (CBC and the Victoria Chamber of • Whale song (British Columbia TV - The National) Commerce. Magazine) • Deep network (Science News) • Science publications and • Exploring the ocean from • Ocean eyes (Al Jazeera) journals such as the esteemed top to bottom (Vancouver • Scientists get offshore window American Geophysical Union’s Aquarium blog) on “the big one” (Victoria EOS newspaper, Nature, Times Colonist) Science News, and Popular Science.

Headlines

The media shared stories that featured citizen scientists, audio highlights, and major funding announcements such as CANARIE’s investment in the Web-enabled Awareness Research Network program and further funding of the Innovation Centre through the Centres of Excellence in Commercialization oceannetworks.ca 29 LEARNING & OUTREACH

New ONC Brand and ONC Data in Ocean Stories in Film Website Undergraduate Classrooms ONC’s new television show premiered on ONC’s public face underwent a makeover Shaw TV (Victoria) in April 2014. The film, this year with the introduction of the Data from ONC observatories enriches hosted by Sarika Cullis-Suzuki, visiting new ONC branding and logos. The new undergraduate education across a scientist at ONC, highlights the latest brand identifies ONC’s key areas of broad range of disciplines. This year, ocean technology and research that is focus: user engagement is represented ONC content was incorporated in helping us all to better understand the as ONC Science (purple), outreach and undergraduate courses at UVic in the watery world beneath the surface of the education as ONC Learning (green), fields of Biological Oceanography, ocean. observatory operations and the new Computer Modelling, Underwater Innovation Centre are represented Acoustic Systems, Human Computer by ONC Innovation (orange), and the Interaction, and Computer Vision. EOS corporate brand, which supports all the 350, Understanding the Oceans (Fall key elements of ONC, is blue. 2013, UVic) was co-taught by eight ONC staff, using ONC data to illustrate the course topics. The course had 62 students enrolled and covered subjects including ocean physics, eutrophication, pollution, marine hazards, climate change and paleoceanography. Students

at the University of British Columbia, Let’s Talk Science Simon Fraser University, Dalhousie University, Camosun College and Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre were Let’s Talk Science (LTS) is a national exposed to ONC data and research in education organization what strives their studies. to bring more real-world science into Canadian classrooms. Post-secondary educators and students act as facilitators to present material contained in kits to classes of students at different grade Museums and Aquaria levels. LTS and ONC partnered to develop three new learning packages ONC is actively building partnerships to be included in existing kits: “Budding with museums and aquaria on the West Biologist” (grades K-3); “Wonders of In addition to the new brand, a Coast and beyond. As part of ONC’s Weather”(grades 4-6); and “Tectonic redesigned website was launched at ongoing collaboration with Vancouver Rocks” (grades 7-9). In addition, a oceannetworks.ca. The site incorporates Aquarium, a “mock node” representing complete new “Budding Marine Biologist” content from the former oceannetworks. a VENUS installation has been created kit was developed in French and English ca, onccee.ca, VENUS and NEPTUNE for the Strait of Georgia tank. The node for both the west and east coast of websites. President Kate Moran will be officially “deployed” next year Canada. To date, the kits have been used launched the new brand and website at together with a real-time data display. in nine provinces. an event in Victoria in September 2013. Ripley’s Aquarium of Canada, which opened in Toronto in October 2013, includes an ONC display featuring a comprehensive map, HD video footage and 5 interactive iPads showcasing the observatories.

30 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. BC Girl Guides Ocean Ship2Shore Public Engagement Aware Challenge Colin Young (Vancouver Aquarium ONC participated in many events over Girl Guides in British Columbia can now educator) and Marty Momsen (high the year to bring research from the earn the “Ocean Aware” challenge crest school educator) had the opportunity facility and awareness of ocean science by completing activities that explore to participate in the Ship2Shore Marine to the general public, including: marine science though interactive Educators Program June 2013 aboard activities, experiments, crafts and the R/V Thompson. The educators • The 2nd annual World Oceans Day games, following the Principles of Ocean participated in technology deployments, (8 June) celebration in partnership Literacy. This marine science challenge, lab studies, ROV data logging, blog with The Maritime Museum of BC in the first of its kind, was developed by writing, live classroom presentations, downtown Victoria. ONC for BC Girl Guides. and even interpreted live dives via real- time telepresence aired on ONC’s Wiring • During the IdeaFest Walking Tour the Abyss website and Ocean Exploration at UVic (3-8 March), ONC opened its Trust’s Exploration Now portal. doors to families.

• ONC brought the ocean to Calgary, Alberta during the Earth Science Society event (16-18 March). Hundreds of students and public attendees learned about the ocean and deep sea studies at ONC’s interactive exhibit.

• ONC celebrated the return of the 2nd Annual Ocean majestic Grey Whales during the 28th Science Symposium annual Pacific Rim Whale Festival in Tofino and Ucluelet (15-23 March) with two presentations and an After great success last year, the Ocean interactive Kid’s Day exhibit. Science Symposium once again hosted over 40 high school students for two days of interdisciplinary Marine Science workshops and hands-on activities. The event was expanded to include 14 teachers who participated in a focused education workshop. The Symposium wrapped up with an exciting tour of the drill ship JOIDES Resolution, an International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) research vessel.

oceannetworks.ca 31 VISITING SCIENTISTS

Canada

After volunteering on the R/V Vector, Sarika collaborated with scientists from Simon Fraser University to investigate acoustic events during natural predation of decomposing pig carcasses deployed at ONC sites.

At ONC, Sarika further helped to develop links with other organizations in BC such as the Tula Foundation (Quadra Island) and the David Suzuki Foundation (Vancouver). Sarika Cullis-Suzuki joined Ocean Networks Canada as a visiting scientist in early 2014. Sarika Sarika contributed significantly to daily discussions is researching the effects of boat noise on a of marine issues at ONC, and assisted in the vocal species of North Pacific fish as part of her production of a pilot television program, Oceans Ph.D. research with the University of York, United Alive!, which she hosted. She will soon be publishing Kingdom. Over the course of several summers, the results of her thesis research. We look forward Sarika made a series of observations from to working with Sarika in the near and long term. experiments executed in the coastal waters off northern Vancouver Island where she combined both video and audio recordings of fish to measure how they respond to boat noise in the field. Although some research has been done on effects of noise on marine mammals, very little is known about effects on fish; what’s more, Sarika is one of the few who is focused on documenting effects of anthropogenic noise on wild ecosystems (as opposed to lab-based studies).

As part of her research, Sarika teamed up with researchers in the University of Victoria’s Computer Science Department to create an automated detection program to determine how much fish move under noisy conditions. This analytical tool was trialed on a practical scale and proved highly successful opening the potential to scale-up this program for larger, cabled-observatory studies using ONC data.

32 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS 2013-2014

Refereed Journal Puillat, I., Prevosto, M., Mercier, Book Chapters and theses Dewey, R., Davidson, E., Ewing, N., Publications H., & Thomas, S. (2014). Time & Juniper, S. K. (2014). Using Ness, S. (2013). The Orchive : A series analysis of marine Real-Time Data in Educational Brillon, C., Cassidy, J. F., & Dosso, S. E. system for semi-automatic an- data: A key knowledge at the Resources to Bring Ocean Sci- (2013). Onshore/Offshore Struc- notation and analysis of a large crossroads of marine sciences. ence to Students. In Ocean ture of the Juan de Fuca Plate in collection of bioacoustic record- Journal of Marine Systems, Sciences Meeting 2014. Ocean Northern Cascadia from Bayes- ings. Victoria, BC: University of 130, 1–3. doi:10.1016/j.jmar- Sciences Meetings. Retrieved ian Receiver Function Inversion. Victoria. Retrieved from: http:// sys.2013.11.010 from http://www.eposters.net/ Bulletin of the Seismological voyager.library.uvic.ca/vwebv/ poster/using-real-time-data-in- Society of America, 103(5), 2914– Purser, A., Thomsen, L., Barnes, C., holdingsInfo?bibId=3071268 educational-resources-to-bring- 2920. doi:10.1785/0120120310 Best, M., Chapman, R., Hofbauer, Conference Papers and ocean-science-to-students-1 M., … Wagner, H. (2013). Tempo- Dinning, K. M., & Metaxas, A. (2013). presentations ral and spatial benthic data col- Dewey, R., Hoeberechts, M., Moran, Patterns in the abundance of lection via an internet operated Aron, M., D. Cuvelier, J. Aguzzi, C. K., Pirenne, B., & Owens, hyperbenthic zooplankton and Deep Sea Crawler. Methods in Costa, C. Doya, J. Sarrazin, and P. D. (2013). Ocean Networks colonization of marine benthic Oceanography, 5, 1–18. M. Sarradin (2013). Preliminary Canada’s “Big Data” Initiative. invertebrates on the seafloor results on automated video- In American Geophysical Union of Saanich Inlet, a seasonally Rabinovich, A. B., Candella, R. N., & imaging for the study of behav- Fall Meeting 2013. American hypoxic fjord. Marine Ecology, Thomson, R. E. (2013). The open ioural rhythms of tubeworms Geophysical Union. 34(1), 2–13. ocean energy decay of three from the tempo-mini ecological recent trans-Pacific tsunamis. Dewey, R., Masson, D., & MacCready, Doya, C., Aguzzi, J., Pardo, M., module. Retrieved from: http:// Geophysical Research Letters, P. (2014). Fortnightly Modula- Matabos, M., Company, J. B., upcommons.upc.edu/revistes/ 40(12), 3157–3162. tions in Tidal Mixing Acting As Costa, C., … Canals, M. (2014). handle/2099/13906 An In-shore/Off-shore Valve for Diel behavioral rhythms in Ross, T., Keister, J. E., & Lara-Lopez, Belley, R., & Snelgrove, P. (2014). Deep Water Nutrient Fluxes. sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) A. (2013). On the use of high- Small Critters Play a Big Role: In Ocean Sciences Meeting and other benthic species, as frequency broadband sonar to Benthic Biodiversity and Eco- 2014. Ocean Sciences Meetings. recorded by the Deep-sea cabled classify biological scattering lay- system Functioning in Coastal Retrieved from http://www. observatories in Barkley canyon ers from a cabled observatory in Sedimentary Environments. In eposters.net/poster/fortnightly- (NEPTUNE-Canada). Journal of Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. Ocean Sciences Meeting 2014. modulations-in-tidal-mixing- Marine Systems, 130, 69–78. Methods in Oceanography, 5, Ocean Sciences Meetings. Re- acting-as-an-in-shoreoff-shore- 19–38. Fine, I. V., Kulikov, E. A., & Cherni- trieved from http://www.sgmeet. value-for-nutrient-fluxes awsky, J. Y. (2013). Japan’s 2011 Sato, M., Dower, J., Dewey, R., & com/osm2014/viewabstract. Dewey, R. K., Mihaly, S., & Dakin, T. Tsunami: Characteristics of Wave Kunze, E. (2013). Second-order asp?AbstractID=16556 (2013). Protocols for acoustic de- Propagation from Observations seasonal variability in diel verti- Bemis, K., Ozer, S., Xu, G., Silver, D., & vices on cabled ocean observato- and Numerical Modelling. Pure cal migration timing of euphau- Rona, P. A. (2013). A Method for ries. The Journal of the Acoustical and Applied Geophysics, 170(6- siids in a coastal inlet. Marine Detecting the Impact of Atmo- Society of America, 134(5), 3973. 8), 1295–1307. Ecology Progress Series, 480, spheric Storms on Hydrothermal doi:10.1121/1.4830474 39–56. doi:10.3354/meps10215 Lapham, L., R. Wilson, M. Riedel, C. K. Systems. In American Geophysi- Ewing, N. R., & Davidson, E. R. (2014). Paull, and M. E. Holmes (2013). Wall, C. C., Rountree, R. A., Pomer- cal Union Fall Meeting 2013. Nurturing Enthusiasm in K-16 Temporal variability of in situ leau, C., & Juanes, F. (2014). An American Geophysical Union. Students For Ocean Science and methane concentrations in gas exploration for deep-sea fish Branzan Albu, A., Mehrnejad, M., Tech Through Interdisciplinary hydrate-bearing sediments near sounds off Vancouver Island Hoeberechts, M., & Capson, D. Peer-2-Peer Mentoring. In Ocean Bullseye Vent, Northern Cascadia from the NEPTUNE Canada (2013). Detection of Stationary Sciences Meeting 2014. Ocean margin. Geochemistry, Geophys- ocean observing system. Deep- Animals in Deep-sea Video. In Sciences Meetings. Retrieved ics, Geosystems, 14(7), 2245- Sea Research Part I: Oceano- Oceans - San Diego, 2013. IEEE. from http://www.eposters.net/ 2459. doi:10.1002/ggge.20167 graphic Research Papers, 83, Retrieved from http://ieeexplore. poster/the-ocean-science-sym- 57–64. Matabos, M., Bui, A. O. V, Mihály, ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails. posium-nurturing-enthusiasm- S., Aguzzi, J., Juniper, S. K., & Weirathmueller, M., & Wilcock, W. jsp?arnumber=6741095 in-k-12-students-for-ocean- Ajayamohan, R. S. (2014). High- S. D. (2014). Fin whale song science-and-tech Chu, J. W., & Tunnicliffe, V. (2014). frequency study of epiben- characteristics recorded on Redistribution of the epibenthic, Fine, I. V., Cherniawsky, J., & Thom- thic megafaunal community ocean bottom seismometers in soft-bottom assemblage in son, R. E. (2014). Near Field and dynamics in Barkley Canyon: A the Northeast Pacific Ocean.The shifting hypoxic conditions. In Far-Field Modeling of the 28 Oc- multi-disciplinary approach using Journal of the Acoustical Society Western Groundfish Conference. tober 2012 Haida Gwaii Tsuanmi. the NEPTUNE Canada network. of America, 135(4), 2333–2333. In Ocean Sciences Meeting 2014. Journal of Marine Systems, 130, doi:10.1121/1.4877654 Davidson, E. R., & Ewing, N. R. (2014). Ocean Sciences Meetings. Re- 56–68. Power Up! Giving Undergradu- Xu, G., D. R. Jackson, K. G. Bemis, and trieved from http://www.sgmeet. ates the Tools to Make it in the Mertens, K. N., A. Yamaguchi, Y. P. A. Rona (2013). Observa- com/osm2014/viewabstract. Ocean Science Workforce. In Takano, V. Pospelova, M. J. tions of the volume flux of a asp?AbstractID=17133 Ocean Sciences Meeting 2014. Head, T. Radi, A. J. Pieńkowski, seafloor hydrothermal plume Ocean Sciences Meetings. Re- Gao, H., & Y. Shen (2013). A compre- A. de Vernal, H. Kawami, and using an acoustic imaging sonar, trieved from http://www.sgmeet. hensive view of the seismic struc- K. Matsuoka (2013). A New Geochemistry, Geophysics, com/osm2014/viewabstract. ture of the Cascadia subduction Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Geosystems, 14(7), 2369-2382. asp?AbstractID=16905 zone from the spreading center from the North-eastern Pacific, doi:10.1002/ggge.20177 to the backarc. In American Protoperidinium fukuyoi: Cyst- Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Theca Relationship, Phylogeny, 2013, American Geophysical Distribution and Ecology., The Union, San Francisco. Journal of eukaryotic microbiol- ogy, 60(6), 545-63. doi:10.1111/ jeu.12058

oceannetworks.ca 33 Gervais, F., Davidson, E., Ewing, N., Jenkyns, R., Gervais, F., & Pirenne, B. Pirenne, B., Dorocicz, J., & Da- Wanner, A., & R. Beer (2013). Found & Juniper, S. K. (2014). Sharing (2013). SeaScribe : An Annotation kin, T. (2013). Hydrophone data: generating natural look- the Discoveries of a Submarine Software for Remotely Oper- data management at Ocean ing shapes by appropriating Canyon: Creating Passion for ated Vehicle Dive Operations. Networks Canada. The Journal scientific data. InComputation Ocean Research. In Ocean In Oceans - San Diego, 2013. of the Acoustical Society Communication Aesthetics and Sciences Meeting 2014. Ocean Retrieved from http://ieeexplore. of America, 134(5), 3973. X, xcoax.org, Bergamo. Retrieved Sciences Meetings. Retrieved ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails. doi:10.1121/1.4830475 from: http://2013.xcoax.org/pdf/ from http://www.eposters.net/ jsp?tp=&arnumber=6741250 xcoax2013-wanner-a.pdf Pirenne, B., & Guillemot, E. 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34 Discover the Ocean. Understand the Planet. FINANCIALS Ocean Networks Canada 2013-14 Summary Combined Financial Information

Ocean ONC In-kind 2013-14 2012-13 Observatories Innovation Contributions Combined Combined Centre

Revenue: Government of Canada $ 6,906,274 $ 3,216,065 $ 219,712 $ 10,342,051 $ 11,628,251 Government of British Columbia 4,605,242 - - 4,605,242 6,987,938 University of Victoria 2,301,032 - 649,196 2,950,228 629,196 Miscellaneous 348,863 145,710 5,885,737 6,380,310 3,385,778 Amortization of deferred - 424,806 - 424,806 256,797 capital contributions 14,161,411 3,786,581 6,754,645 24,702,636 22,887,960

Expenses: Personnel 6,130,481 1,523,379 392,196 8,046,056 6,906,986 Maintenance and repairs Service contracts 491,573 113,925 - 605,498 812,260 Replacement parts subsea 1,871,259 - 990,000 2,861,259 5,831,397 Extraordinary maintenance 41,556 - - 41,556 469,141 Minor upgrades 220,892 11,218 - 232,110 131,484 Shiptime/ROV 3,143,408 132,464 1,557,212 4,833,084 3,242,531 Other 41,547 - - 41,547 105,961 Services 1,139,259 630,306 3,815,237 5,584,802 4,289,594 Supplies 90,870 387,065 - 477,935 64,386 General administration 596,632 577,641 - 1,174,273 657,891 Other 47,571 428,013 - 475,584 147,444

13,815,048 3,804,011 6,754,645 24,373,704 22,659,075

Excess of revenue over expenses $ 346,363 $ (17,430) $ - $ 328,933 $ 228,885

Notes to the Financial Information: sity of Victoria. The audited financial statements largest contributors are the Integrated Ocean in-kind contribution of capital equipment that of the University of Victoria are available at: Drilling Program ($1.32 million), BC Ferries ($0.76 would be recorded as capital assets if acquired 2013-14 marks the second year of the http://www.uvic.ca/vpfo/accounting/assets/ million) and the University of Victoria ($0.65 mil- directly. multi-year funding from the Canada Foundation docs/financial/uvicfinancialstatements/audited- lion). Higher in-kind values for the year resulted Higher revenues/contributions in 2013-14 for Innovation (CFI) under the Major Science financial-statements-2013-14.pdf from more ship time available to conduct resulted mainly from increased in-kind contribu- Initiatives (MSI) Program. As a result, compara- The second column represents the financial maintenance expeditions and installation of new tions of ship time and scientific equipment, as tive combined financial results are now provided results of the Ocean Networks Canada Society, scientific equipment. IBM Canada also provided well as federal funding of the Innovation Centre. in the Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) Annual including the ONC Innovation Centre (formerly in-kind contributions valued at $3.30 million New sources of funding for the Smart Oceans BC Report. This financial information is unaudited. known as the Centre for Enterprise and Engage- (2013 - $2.01 million) to the Innovation Centre. program complemented the conclusion of the The audited financial information is available as ment) which is primarily funded by a grant from The higher contribution from IBM reflects their first multi-year federal funding under the CECR set out below. the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research contribution to the Smart Oceans BC program program. This program has been renewed for The first column represents the financial Council (NSERC) under the Centres of Excellence initiated in the last quarter of the fiscal year. fiscal year 2014-15. results of the operations and maintenance of the for Commercialization and Research (CECR) Pro- In-kind contributions are not recorded in the Expenses were maintained at levels consis- ONC ocean observatories, including corporate gram. The audited financial statements for the audited financial statements in accordance with tent with funding sources to obtain a marginally administration, user services and related activi- Ocean Networks Canada Society are available at the organization’s adopted accounting policies. positive net result of $0.33 million for the year ties. The operations of the ocean observatories http://oceannetworks.ca/news/media-relations/ They are included in this financial information compared to $0.23 million in 2012-13. Ocean are primarily funded by CFI, the BC government, downloads. to provide readers with an appreciation of the Networks Canada continues to grow and expand the University of Victoria and in-kind contribu- ONC received in-kind contributions from significance of these in-kind contributions to the their services thanks to the continuing financial tions. This financial information is not separately various sources totaling $3.45 million (2013 organization. The in-kind contributions are offset support from the governments, the University audited for ONC but is included in the audited - $1.82 million) for materials and services pro- by related expenses according to the nature of of Victoria and in-kind contributions from other consolidated financial statements of the Univer- vided at no cost to the ocean observatories. The the contribution. The services category includes partners. oceannetworks.ca 35 CONTACT Ocean Networks Canada Technology Enterprise Facility (TEF) University of Victoria PO Box 1700 STN CSC Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada 250.472.5400 [email protected]

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