2052 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 3 Chairman EDMINSTER. The Mexicans, if I Government, has never yet agreed to a trade remember correctly, and I will be glad to l;>e agreement which it did not feel was of mu HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES corrected by some of my colleagues here, tual advantage. I think that it would prob acted under the escape clause, which does not ably be safe to say that that policy will con VVEDNESDAY, ~ARCH 3, 1948 require 6 months' notice. tinue. I think that there may be times Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. I don't believe they act when broader considerations may have to The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ed under the escape clause on the balance enter into the measuring of the totality of The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont of the concessions that they withdrew on concessions back and forth. · gomery, D. D., offered the following December 20, 1947. There was no provision Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. There again, sometimes in the agreement providing for the with I think maybe they should, but I don't think prayer: drawal of the remaining 131 concessions. it is authorized under the Reciprocal Trade Almighty Father, from whom all Chairman EDMINSTER. Well, be that as it Agreements Act. But I don't think we thoughts of truth and peace proceed, may, there would be two ways in which to should go into a deep. argument there. bring the pressure to which you refer. One Mr. GAY. No, I don't think so either. I kindle anew in our souls these abiding would be to give them a 6 months' notice simply want to suggest the oqservation that traits of character. Remove from us all and then cancel the entire agreement, and there is no doubt but what in the fi nal de impatience of spirit and disquietude of the other way would be to use the privilege termination in our negotiations with Mexico worry; rather we would give Thee un- . that is given to the other countries, as it that we would expect to reach an agreement, feigned thanks and praise for our mar -were, under the escape clause, to make com if possible, which would be conceived to be velous country, with its exhaustless pensatory withdrawals or withdrawals of mutually beneficial. sources of material wealth and comfort, equivalent concessions that have been Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Well, my own personal ever watchful guardians of our countless granted to them, and I would think that view is that that is impossible: r don't from the standpoint of prompt negotiation think the Mexicans are going to give very blessings. As we speak with our voices, with Mexico, with a view to obtaining some much for what they have already got. may our acts convince the world of· the readjustment of what she has done, that Mr. GAY. I suppose that necessarily re generous nobility of soul of America:, the use of the powers under the escape clause mains to be found out in the course of negq- · seeking not to conquer but to direct it would be more promising from the stand tiations. in the living way that leads ~ the city point of getting into negotiations at an earlier Mr. BRECK!NRIDGE. Thank you very much of our God. In the name of Thy Son date, perhaps, if not sooner. for the opportunity of appearing. aqd our Lord we pray. Amen. Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. I think that is entirely appropriate. I think certainly we have got NOMINATION CONFIRMED The Journal of the proceedings of yes to do it fast, and if you can do it under an Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, as in terday was read and approved. agreement which, in my opinion, does not executive session, I ask unanimous con exist, withdraw under the escape clause, go sent that the Senate proceed to the con MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ahead. I don't care how you proceed. But A message in writing from the Presi cancel the President's proclamation tl:).at put sideration of the nomination on the / them into effect, and then say, "Boys, we are Executive Calendar . .- dent of the United States was commu ready to sit down and tal~ turkey." The-PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there nicated to the House by Mr. Miller, one Chairman EDMINSTER. Well, there is a dif objection? The Chair hears none, and · of his secretaries. ference between canceling an entire procla the nomination will be stated. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE mation-all the concessions have heen MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSIONER granted to Mexico, on the one hand, and A message from the Senate, by Mr. making some withdrawals under the procla_ The legislative clerk read the nomina Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced mation of some concessions that are deemed tion·of DeWitt L. Pyburn, of Louisiana, to that the Senate agrees to the amend to be equivalent in value to those which she be a member, Mississippi River Commis ments of the House to a bill of the Sen has withdrawn from us. sion. ate of the foilowing title: Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Well, I think we proved in 1942 that all of the concessions now in The PRESIDING OFFicER. Without S. 1698. An act to define the exterior the agreement are equivalent in value to objection, · the nomination is confirmed. boundary of the Uintah and Ouray Indian those made by Mexico, all of which have been Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I ask Reservation in the State of Utah, and for withdrawn, because we made them on that that the President be immediately noti• other purposes. .. basis. We said, "Here is an agreement. We - fied· of the confirmation of the nomina The message also announced that the reduce tariffs on both sides; they are of tion. equivalent value. If you are going to with Senate agrees to the report of the com- · The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mittee of conference on the disagreeing draw an equivalent value, you h'ave got to objection, the President will be so noti withdraw the whole thing." fied. , votes of the two Houses on the amend- Chairman EDMINSTER. Oh, no. Under the RECESS · ment of the House to the bill CS. 1796) escape clause, you don't have to withdraw entitled "An act to provide for the pres all of the concessions made. You don't have Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, under ervation of the frigate Constellation and to cancel an. entire agreement. You with the unanimous-consent agreement, the to authorize the disposition of certain draw concessions that you deem to be equiv junior Senator from MiEsissippi [Mr. replaced parts of such vessel as souve alent in value to those which have been with STENNIS] will speak tomorrow at 12:15 nirs, and for other purposes.;' drawn in value by the other country. That p. m. This will be his maiden speech in might be a very small proportion of the the United States Senate. COMMITTEE ON UN -AMERICAN schedules I, II, and III. ACTIVITIES Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. That is right. But in Also, the Senator from New Jersey this case, Mexico has withdrawn the whole [Mr. SMITH] and the Senator from Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask of schedule I. There is no.t a single con Nevada [Mr. MALONE] will speak upon unanimous consent to address the House cession left to the United States under the the penaing legislation. ) for 1 minute and revise and extend my 1942 agreement; and I don't understand how Several amendments will be offered remarks. anybody can figure there is an agreement. tomorrow, and I presume that state Chairman EDMINSTER. You st111, however, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to could act more promptly, could you not, -ments will be made upon those amend- the request of the gentleman from Penn under the escape clause,,than you could ask ments. · sylvania? if you invoked the 6 months'. clause? I now move that the Senate take a There was no objection. Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. You mean in this in- recess until12 o'clock noon tomorrow. Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, from stance? The motion was agreed to; and
·. . 1948 ·coN,GRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 2061 These Communists are doing their best to stop to the perpetration of those crimes for on the Capitol grounds-right ln front of force the Negro back into politics in the which Negroes liave been put to death. the Library of Congress. Southern States. One of their plans is ~o In the North you mob them en masse. - Just the other day in one of the leading repeal the poll taxes in order to drag every There were more Negroes killed in one race restaurants in Washington-less than four ignorant Negro to the polls and bring back riot in Springfield, Ill., the home town of blocks f'rom the White House-a young white all the horrors of Reconstruction from which Abraham Lincoln, a few years ago than have woman, the wife of a prominent man from our people suffered in the years gone by. been lynched in Mississippi in all its history. Pennsylvania, went into the washroom to These things are going to fail; you could There were more Negroes mobbed in one race wash her hands, when a brutal Negro followed not force Negro equality or Negro rule on the riot in Chicago, Ill., than have been lynched her, slipped in, and locked the door, choked people of the South in a thousand years. in all the Southern States since the Civil her into insensibility, and raped her and As Henry W. Grady once said, we wrested tlie War. The same thing occurred _in. East St. escaped. That is the kind of stuff you are South from the Negro rule when Federal Louis, and' the same thing will occur in encouraging by slobbering on these Negroes. drumbeats rolled nearer and Federal bayonets Cleveland, Ohio; Detroit, Mich.; New York It is not safe for a white woman to walk hedged closer about the ballot boxes of the City;' Pittsburgh, Pa., and all the other large the streets of Washington at night without South than it ever will again in this Republic. cities of the North if this agitation continues. an escort. The Negroes are driving the white The more you stir this trouble, the ·more Instead of helping to do away with lynching, women, and especially t_he white qhildren, Negroes you coax into the Northern States you are agitating race patred and stirring up from the parks of this city. 411 this is bUild- to fill your relief rolls and add to the already trouble for yourselves and your children. ing up trouble that is liltely to burst into a perplexing problems with which you and · But this law does not protect the innocent race riot the like of which the country has your children will have to deal. A very dis Negroes who are mobbed and whose houses never seen. You had better stop this fool tinguished gentleman from Ohio told me a are burned and whose children are killed by ishness before it is too late and pay some at day or two ago that in his dty 90 percent mobs in these riots in cities like Springfield, tention to people who know something about of the Negroes were on a public pay roll Ill., Chicago, or East St. Louis. It is designed · the subject. The Negro is not a sunburnt mostly on relief or WPA. Look at the relief to protect only the Negroes who outrage or Yankee. He is of a different race and must rolls in the District of Cotumf>ia and note murder innocent white women and children. be dealt with as such. the thousands of Negroes that have crowded You try to leave the impression that the I remember some years ago, ·down near in here and become wards of the Federal few Negroes who were put to death in the Memphis, Tenn., a little girl of 12 or 13 years ~ Government. I am told that, they are even South were innocent. Let us take a tew of age had to walk to· school something like inviting them to New York City in order to instances and see what actually occurred. a half mile. There was only one point along put them on the relief roll or the WPA roll A few years ago in the suburbs of one of the the road where she was·out of sight of either and vote them in the next election. leading towns in Mississippi a little woman her home or· the schoolhouse. Her fond Who is going to pay for. all this? Who is was standing before the mirror dressing to mother would stand in the door ·and watch going to bear this burden? If you repeal the go to a WCTU meeting-! see the gentle- her untii she reached that point, knowing poll taxes in the Southern States, in addi man from New York, Mr. Gavagan, laughs that when she had gone 50 or 75 yards far- tion to all the other demoralizing results, it at that; I am not surprised. A Negro brute ther she would be ,in sight of the schoolhouse. approached the house, eased up onto the A Negro man concealed himself at this ~ill take millions of dollars away from our school funds. Then who will pay our teach veranda, and crawled through a window. point, waylaid this little girl, seized her, ers? Are we going to be called upon to fur She saw him, reached in ,the bureau drawer raped her, then took.his ax and chopped her ther tax the already overburdened white and picked up her husband's pistol and head off, and buried her head and her body people of these States in order· to furnish free pointed it at him. He saw from her terror- at different places in an old slough. education to these Negroes and to:bring back stricken face and trembling hand that she What would have happened if that had a condition against which our people fought, was unable to pull the trigger. He walked been your child? . bled, and died during the dark days of Recon up, took the pistol from her hand, stuck it I am sorry to relate these horrible :things, struction? Are you going to continue to in his pocket, choked her into insensibility, but somebody must tell the Congress and agitate this question until you break the raped her several times, then took ·her hus- the American people the . truth about this taxpayers of your States and your cities, or band's razor from the bureau drawer and cut proposition, and you have not done it. until the flames of race hatred burst into her throat from ear to ear and left her Th·ese are just a few of the bestial outrages weltering in her own blood in the parlor of that have brought summary punishment to riots, with all their devastating consequences? her own home. There. was no question,about the prepetrators ef these crimes. I have' not The Negro is a tenant at sufferance wher his idEjntity. When they caught him, he con- related some of the-worst ones. ever he comes in contact with the white man. fessed, told how it happened, and told them Now, we -are going to protect the white His very existence depends .upon that friend _where to find both the pistol and the razor, women and children of the South at all costs, .Jy relationship wh.ich has so long existed be I wonder what would have happened if that and we are going to protect the innocent Ne- tween_ the whites and blacks in the South, had been your sis~er, or your wife, or your groes, if you will let us. This law would and which you are now ~ttempting to destroy. daughter? Probably the next one will be. hamper our State and· county governments When you disturb that peaceful relationship, But you would have the country believe in their attempts to protect either of them. the Negro must move on. Look at the thou that this was a poor, innocent victim of the About 3 years ago a white man living in sands of them in Arkansas and in southern lawless white people of the community; and one of the counties I represent had a Negro . Missouri that have been stirred up by these under this bill you would send the sheriff living on his place. One night this Negro Communists and now cannot find employ of the county to the penitentiary and then came to his house, called him out, knocked ment because white people do not want them tax the county $10,000 to pay to the family him in the head, went into the house, locked on their lands. What is to become of them? of this vicious brute. • the door and outraged his wife for 2 or 3 Would you keep a Negro on your place if ¥OUr This encourages others to perpetrate the days, in a manner too horrible to relate. wife and children were afraid of him? Cer same offense. He then killed her, wrapped the bodies in tainly not. I remember some years ago there was a two sacks, buried them, got in the man's car You voted down the amendment offered by . Negro in jail in a little town in north central and drove away. This hoi:ne was somewhat the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. CoL Mississippi. The jailer got sorr.y for him isolated, and it was several days before these MER] to make this bill apply to gang murders. and made a trusty of him. He sent him out people were missed, and then people just Why did you do that? Why were you not to his house on an errand, and while there thought they had gone away on a visit. They honest enough to vote it in and protect the he attempted to rape the daughter of his finally follnd this Negro driving ·this car in innocent people in your own States who are benefactor, a beautiful girl about 16 years Alabama, and when pinned down he con- being murdered by thugs every year? By old. The girl's mother rushed between him fessed and told where to·find the bodies. voting down that amen-dment you refused to and his intended victim, when he produced a It was with the utmost difficulty, and at protect the innocent white man or the inno razor and slashed the mother's throat. With great expense, that the strong arm of the cent · Negro. He must be charged with _a her lifeblood gushing between her fingers, she constituted authorities in both Alabama and crime before this law will protect him.' In held her throat with one hand' and fought Mississippi protected this wretch fi·om the other words, you· can lynch all the innocent that Negro with the other until her daughter hands of an infuriated mob. Negroes and all the innocent white people could escape and help cou~d arrive, when she But these . Negro-pandering demagogues ' you want to, and the law does not apply. fainted and expired. never give us credit for the sacrifices we But you would protect the Negro rapist and I wonder what would have happened if make to prevent mob violence, and which even remunerate his family at the expense that had occurred in your town? What probably would not be prevented in other of the family of his victim and their neigh would you have tlone if that had been your sections of the country. bors. daughter? These are the things you are en- At this very moment, the National Guard It has been brought out here that lynching couraging by your agitation of this measure. in my own State is protecting a Negro crim- is on the wane and has almost disappeared When you had'this measure up before dur- inal, an outlaw, a murderer, until the court in the Southern States. ·The reason of that ing a Republican administration, after cer- can try him, and it is costing the taxpayers is that improved communication facilities, tain Members had delivered themselves of of Mississippi thousands of dollars to do so. the vigilance of the white people of the their usual tirade against tlie. South, the tel¢- You do not give us credit for all the effort South and that of the better element of the phone operator down at the Driscoll Hotel, we have put forth, all the money we have black race, together with the swiftness and right at the foot of Capitol hill, was waylaid spent, and an the· peace officers of the South certainty of punishment, have largely put. a on her way home and raped by a brutal Negro who have been killed or injur~d in trying 2062 CONG~ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE M!ltRCH 3 to prevent lynching; but as compensation for · read and, together with the accompany tice, Commerce, and the Judiciary for the our efforts and our troubles, you drag this ing papers, referred to the Committee on . fiscal year ending June 30, 1949, and for stupid measure in here and malign and mis Post Office and Civil Service and ordered other purposes; and pending that motion, represent the white people of the South and stir these vicious Negroes to renewe,d at to be printed:' Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con~ent tacks, endanger the lives of our women and that general debate on the bill continue children and make it impossible for Negroes To the Congress of the United States.~ during the rest of the day, the time to be to continue to live peacefully in many com I am transmitting herewith the an- equally divided and controlled by the munities where they have been for genera . nual report of the United States Civil gentleman from New York [Mr. RooNEY], tions. Service Commission. . and mysf(lf. I may say this is agreeable The white people of the South are not · This report deals with the men and to both the gentleman from New York enemies of the Negro. · They are the best women ·who, as Federal employees, are and the 'gentleman from Virginia [Mr. friends' he ever had. We were not respon sible for Negro slavery, nor would we have serving the people of the United States. GARY]. it returned. Those Negroes were sold to us by The strength of our Government is in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the people in the Northern States, largely in direct prbportion to the character . of the request of the gentleman from Massachusetts, and it has been a problem those employees, and with knowledge of Nebraska? ever since what to do with them. Had it that strengtp., we can take just pride in There was no objection. ever occurred to you that slavery never be our Federal work-ers and the job they are The S~EAKER. The question is on the came immoral in some Northern States, and doing. I know them to be hard-working motion · offered by the gentleman from especially in Massachusetts, until they had sold all their Negroes and got the· money for and sincere in their efforts to contribute Nebraska. . , them? to the well-being of the United States. The motion was agreed to. We in the South did not reduce the Negro" I desire to express my deep apprecia Accordingly the House resolved itself · to slavery, as some people would have you tion of the splendid service they have into the Committee of the Whole House believe. We elevated him from the position rendered during the very difficult transi on the State of the Union for the con of savage to that of servant, started him tion from war to peace. The quality of sideration of t~e bill H. R. 5607, with on the road toward civilization, and showed this service has been such that I can Mr. CURTIS in the chair. · him for the first time the light of a Christian say with emphasis that the investment The Clerk read the title of the bill. ity, through the unfortunate instrumentality · 1 of slavery. we have made in the development of a By unanimous consent, the first read For tens of thousands of years, the Negro career civil service over the last 65 years ing of the bill was dispensed with. had roamed at will over the continent of has paid, and is paying, real dividends in Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield Africa, the richest country in all the world, the form of loyal and efficient service to myself 45 minutes. feasting upon his fellowman, and had never the citizens of , this Nation. The ad- Mr. Chairman, the bill presented to even developed the art of agriculture to the . vancement of those in the career service · the committee today is a very, very extent of making his living out of the ground. · to positions of increased responsibility important one, and before proceeding For countless ages he had trod the sands of his native soil with rliamonds beneath his and highest rank on the basis of merit to explain it in detail I wish to take this feet, and never even dreamed of the theory of. is ample evidence of the value of their OJ?POrtunity to pay a tribute to all mem values. service: I shall continue to see to it bers of this subcommittee and also to He saw the dawn of civilization and that the civil-service system is con thank them personally for their coopera watched the pageant of the centuries pass stantly strengthened and that merit and tion and assistance. The members of \yithout so much as manifesting a desire to efficiency are rewarded by advancement. the committee are the gentleman from participate in .progress. He bowed beneath I am convinced that if the Congress Washington [Mr. HORAN], the gentle his master's whip at the building of the puts into effect the recommendations man from Pennsylvania [Mr. FENTON], pyramids, an~ wa~ched succeeding civiliza the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. CLEVEN tions rise and fall, and all he ever learned which are included in the Civil Service was to construct a rude shelter of bark and Commission's report it will be taking GER], the gentleman from New York [Mr. grass with which to shield his head from action which will serve to further RooNEY], the gentleman from Virginia the beating rays of a tropical sun until he strengthen the civilian career service. [Mr. GARY], and the gentleman from was brought to America and taught the rudi The complete revision of the Classifica Illinois [Mr. O'BRIEN]. . ments of civilization and shown tb.e sun tion Act as recommended by the Civil I have never worked with a harder .... light of Christianity by the white people of Service Commission is long overdue. working aggregation of Members than the Southern States. - · The recommendations of the Commis these gentlemen . . Of course, we differed For 300 years he has enjoyed the richest on some items -but the cooperation was blessings his race has ever known as a. re sion in this' regard if put into effect will sult of the care · and training given him by correct the dislocation and many inequi splendid. May I say also that every his white friends in the South. This has ties in salary rates resulting from the member of this committee has traveled been brought about by the only peaceful enactment of piecemeal pay laws in the in foreign countries, many of them relationship that can ever exist between the • past. In addition, their recommenda throughout the world several times, and whites and blacks living side by side, and tions will simplify the administration of are, therefore, very well acquainted with that is a. complete segregation of the two the Classification Act. In my opinion, the subject matter we are presenting to races. the committee today. Yet you would destroy- this relationship, the Congress should enact these recom bring trouble to the white people and misery mendation.s into law itrespective of what · I cannot let this time go by, Mr. Chair to the Negroes in order to placate a few the final' decision may be as to further man, without letting you know of the communistic agitators or get a few Negro pay increases for Federal employees tremendous amount of work that the votes in your own districts. generally. Any further patchwork executive secretaries and· their assist God save the white people of this Nation amendments to the Classification Act -ants must perform in preparing a bill from such Representatives! / will ~ stand in the way of efficient salary of this magnitude. These executive sec- GOd save the Negro from such "friends"! administration. retaries are known as clerks. I hope [Applause.] HARRY S. TRUMAN. some time that that title will be changed Mr. Speaker, i ask unanimous consent THE WHITE HOUSE, March 2, 1948. to what it actually should be. Mr. C. D. to revise and extend my remarks and to Orescan, our executive Secretary, has include a speech I made on this subject .EXTENSION OF REMARKS labored for many, many months on the years ago. Mr. JAVITS asked and was given per vast amount of detail, ably assisted by The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mission to extend his remarks in the his assistant, Mr. J. Howe, and to them the request Qf the gentleman from Mis RECORD in two instances. I want to express my deep appreciation for this very excellent work. Along with sissippi? DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, COM· There was no objection. that the investigators who this year we MERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY APPRO had working in the various departments MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF -THE PRIATION ACT, 1949 . and agencies of· the Government have UNITED_ STATES TRANSM:r;rTING AN Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I move rendered the committee information NUAL RE(PORT OF CIVIL SERVICE that the House resolve itself into the that would not otherwise have been COMMISSION Committee of the Whole House on the prov_ided to us. · The SPEAKER laid before the House State of the Union for the consideration ·My comments today will be in explana the following message from the Presi of the bill
- 2066 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 3
$502,000 for salaries for criers was to Prague for ~ne individual. There was the outgoing telegram and memoran~ effected. Testimony given before the nothing extraordinary about the let dums, also made another memorandum committee last year and this year indi ter-it was a routine request. record of telegram. cated that many of these criers were em Following is the result of the investi Step 23: The assistant chief also ini-· ployed more as a personal service to the gation: tialed it. Judges rather than officials of the Court, · The letter was received at State De Step 24: It then was sent back over to although they do in most instances per partment headquarters and delivered to the main State building, where it was re form some official duty. The Depart its Twenty-second Street building. ceived in coordination review, where it ment of Justice appropriation in this bill Step 1: There it was received in the was reviewed for protocol, and so forth, provides for the employment on a tem Protection Services Division. and to determine that all interested divi porary basis of deputy marshals in lieu Step 2: The letter was opened, and sions had seen initials. of bailiffs and criers. I think that defi the date stamped and check stapled Step 25: It was received in the code nite economies will result from this thereon. room and telegram was dispatched. change and the committee indicated in Step 3: It was received in the card Step 26: The file was received in mail its report that if the $200,000 aPProved room for distribution. room and confirming . letter to Moscow for this purpose proves inadequate justi Step 4: It went to the Public Service was detached. fication for an increased amount can al Branch for review and determination as Step 27: It then went to the Division ways be presented to the committee. to the acceptability of the check. It was of Communication and Records. The dockets of the courts are generally also entered in the memorandum record Step 28: It was assigned to one of nine up to date and the judiciary through the to avoid responsibility if the letter were examining units. operation of the Conference of Senior lost later on. Step 29: A file number was affixed in Circuit Judges is making considerable Step 5: A special messenger delivered pencil. progress in giving us a more effective it to the casfiier's office, Division of Fi Step 30: It was received by catalogs judicial system. Mr. Chandler, who is nance, in the State Department's Seven distribution point and assigned to one of the head of the administrative office of teenth Street building, with the memo six sections. the courts, is doing an admirable job and randum record which the cashier re Step 31: It was received by the super certainly has the confidence of this com- ceipted. visor of section and assigned to carder. mittee. · Step 6: The check was detached and a Step 32: It was carded for each piece of This bill represents the production of record of remittance-DS-408-was pre correspondence showing (a) where sent, nearly 2 months' effort. I believe it to pared in four copies, one copy being at (b) date and number of instrument, (c) be a good bill and I hope that the Con tached to the letter; the check was sent file number, (d) summary, (e) drafting gress will concur in the recommendations separately through channels to the officer's initials, (f) office where returned, made. Treasury for deposit. (g) initials of clerk typing (tfiis prepared RED TAPE IN DEPARTMENT OF STATE Step 7: The letter was sent back again in duplicate). to the Twenty-second Street building, in Mr. Chairman, our investigators who Step 33: It was then received for in the Public Service Section, with memo dexing where the file number previously went into the Department of State and randum record of receipt. The memo the Department of Commerce were in affixed in pencil was typed in large type. randum of receipt of check was retained Step 34: A review was made of all file structed to give this committee as much here. information as possible regarding the actions, index cards were sorted. Step 8: The letter was received in the Step 35: The letter was filed in per~ value of services performed as compared card room. to the cost in tax dollars. Some mem manent folder, it being decided that no Step 9: An abstract was pulled. other routi . as necessary. bers of the committee, were somewhat Step 10: A charge-out was made and disturbed by the discovery of red tape, In the course of these 35 steps of assigned to. the Drafting Office. processing, this ordinary letter traveled lack of coordination, and duplication. Step 11: The letter was received by Your committee is anxious to aid in mak twice through each of three buildings. the drafting officer with abstract at While no count was taken of the actual ing these Departments and divisions of tached. _the Departments as efficient as possible. number of hands, or man-hours in~olved, Step 12: The flimsy file was pulled or estimate made of total cost of han Our criticism is, we hope, constructive. frqm the card room. To get first-hand information about dling this one ticl{et agency's request, my Step 13: A telegram to Bucharest was best guess is that such processing would actual procedures, I requested one of our prepared and a confirming letter to Mos investigators, Mr. Robert E. Lee, to fol take 30 days. cow was prepared. The illustration referred to should help low some of them in operation, and spe Step 14: A letter to the steamship cifically to follow the course of one let and encourage the Department to modify agency was prepared, acknowledging re and simplify methods so obviously inept. ter received by the Department of State ceipt of check. to determine the number of steps in Step 15: A memo to the Passport Divi The chart is available to any Member volved in its processing. It required 2% sion was prepared and an· abstract card · who might be interested in it. days for this investigator to follow added. Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Chairman, will through the 35 steps that affected this St.ep 16: The letter was received in the gentlemen yield? ordinary letter. At first glance, it might the Office of the Assistant Chief, ab Mr. STEFAN. I am very glad to yield seem to you that the processing of a let stracts were detached and sent to card to the gentlewoman for a brief question. ter is a mere incident in the daily work room. The Assistant Chief signed the Mrs. BOLTON. The gentleman has of a Federal agency. In reality, it is mail and kept a statistical record. spoken of the need of having the ad a major ope_ration part~cipated in by a . Step 17: The mail went to the mail ministration of these things in one piece. large numoer of workers consuming con.:. distribution desk, where the letter was We know that the gentleman has w.orked sidetable time. I requested the investi detached and sent to letter-folding room. with the men at the State Department. tigators to have made a photostat copy Step 18: The. letter was folded. Would the gentleman state his opinion of the letter, also, a chart to demonstrate Step 19: It went back to the Seven of Mr. Peurifoy? more graphically the number of steps re teenth Street building where it was re Mr. STEFAN. Does the gentlewoman quired in this particular instance. ceived at the distribution desk and sent mean Mr. John Peurifoy? This letter was an ordinary letter. to the mail. room. Memo record was also Mrs. BOLTON. Yes. The investigator went to the Department kept at the distribution desk of the tele Mr. STEFAN. I think he is one of and requested one letter as it arrived gram sent out. the finest men that I have ever met and from the mass that is received in the De Step 20: The letter was received in the one of the ablest men. I have a great partment. It happened to be a letter mail room in a sealed envelope. admiration and affection for him. ·written by a steamship agency. En Step.21: The envelope was opene~. Mrs. BOLTON. Then the gentleman closed in it was a money order for $100, Step 22: The letter was received by the has confidence in what Mr. Peurifoy is with the request that the Department chief of special deposit unit who checked doing? forward it to the American Mission in the o'riginal deposit remittance to see if Mr. STEFAN. I have great confidence .Europe for air passage from Bucarest it was· actually deposited. He initialed in him. ·
,I 1948 CONG-RESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 206'l Mrs. BOLTON . . And the gentleman requested was $214,318,531, there was re save the taxpayers money. The score on has perhaps found that it is not always duced only the amount $17,101,068, or this one is ludicrous when compared with easy for Mr. Peurifoy to accomplish the 7% percent; and this with all the non the score on the last bill which was acted things that he sets out to accomplish? sense and all the smokescreen that has on when the Democratic Party was in Mr. STEFAN. I want to say that he been put forth over the radio day in and the majority in this House, because in is the finest character that I have ever day out about Communists in the State the last fiscal year in which the present met and one of the most efficient men. I Department, and we now have another minority were· the majority, the fiscal am very happy to make this statement corker about Dr. Condon, the head of year 1947, the total requests by the here in the Halls of Congress. the ·Bureau of Standards, and all such Bureau of the Budget for the State, Jus . Mrs. BOLTON. I thank the gentle nonsense; still this committee in its tice, Commerce Departments, and the man. We are most happy to have tlie judgment cut the amount only to the ex Federal judiciary, amounted to $415,- gentleman's opinion because we know tent of 7% percent. 017,688. . how you have studied the situation. In the Department of Justice with all What did your spendthrift committee Mr. STEFAN. · It is always an inspira the criticism of this Department and all do? That is what the people of the coun tion to see a man starting to work in the the remarks continually made ·- about try are being kidded with today when it State Department and really doing some spending and spending and taxing and comes to appropriations. What did your thing that we can really understand. taxing we find that they were able to cut spendthrift committee do· at that time? Mr. Peurifoy has been a fine public but one-half of 1 percent from the ap It cut the State Department to the tune servant. propriations requested for 1the Depart of $23,101,900 or 18 percent, as com- • Mrs. BOLTON. Then we must do ment of Justice. pared with 7% percent now cut by the our best to back him up. Now, with regard to the Department :majority of this committee. As far as Mr. STEFAN. We certainly shall do . of Commerce wherein there was request the Department of Commerce is con that. ed a total of $236,843,500, the ,cut cerned, the other large item in the bill, Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Chairman, will amounted in .actual cash money to only the cut was $30,753,000 or 17% percent the gentleman yield? $16,756,500, or 7 percent of the total of the amount requested by the Bureau Mr. STEFAN. I am simply trying to requested by the Bureau of the Budget. of the Budget as compared with. a 7 per give a report on this appropriation bill. As far as the Federal judiciary is con- cent cut made by the committee this I will be open for interrogation· when I . cerned the cut is as infinitesimal as the year. have finished. others, in that it amounts to less than 5 To summarize the situation, the then Mrs. BOLTON. Just for the RECORD, percent, although the majority of the Democratic committee cut the Demo I understand that now all of these have committee disregarded the basic law and cratic President's budget 14, percent as been disposed of except 13. did away with the position of criers in compared to the cut of the present com J.Vu : STEFAN. The gentlewoman has the Federal courts because· one or two mittee in the Democratic President's more information than I have. All I judges somewher~ throughout the coun budget of 6 percent. know is that up to this morning there are try used to send the crier out to get the ·Insofar as the cuts they made are con;; only 11 cases left for investigation judge's lunch. They find that in courts cerned, let us inquire into that. We will by the FBI. The Department of State in cities such as Chicago, New York, just take one cut in the Department of has not informed me further. San Francisco, Boston, and other large Commerce for Technical and Scientific. cities of the country where the· services Services. The amount requested for Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Ch~Jrman, I yield this important organ i z~tion was $520-,ooo. myself such time as I may requir-e .. of a crier are absolutely necessary, they should do away with the job completely, This committee cut the item entirely out Mr. Chairman, a few days ago when although there is basic legislation for the of the bill and put the Office. of Technical -. this bill making appropriations for the position and although among other and Scientific Services out of commis Departments of State, Justice, and Com- . things it is the duty of the crier to act as sion although at the present time there merce, as well as for the Federal ju messenger. His presence is vitally re is a.n income to the Federal Treasury, as diciary, was acted upon in the · full quired in the court room when there is a the result of the operations of this office, Committee on Appropriations, the news busy session of the court. The minority of approximately $1,000 a day, and for papers carried the story that once on this committee disagree with the ma the past 2 years,. according to the testi again the budget-slashing majority had jority in cutting entirely from this ap mony, the sales of data which have been achieved a great success in that they propriation the small amount requested made throughout the country have been had cut appropriations to the bone for the position of crier in the Federal to the tune of $300,000 a year, and the for the ·Departments of State, Justice, courts. estimate for the coming fi:Scal year is that and Commerce and for the Federal ju Mr. Chairman, as the ranking minority there will be an income of $360,000. Yet, diciary. member of this subcommittee, may I say the chair:rpan; expressing the views of Beyond chuckling to myself as I react' on behalf of my colleagues, the gentle the majorit~ members of this commit these newspaper accounts there was not man from Virginia [Mr. GARY] and the tee, with very ·rew words passes over the much that I could do about it except to gentleman from Illinois [Mr. O'BRIEN] item and says, "Oh, well, this scientific analyze the figures. that we again come before you With the information is available in magazines I found that the actual cuts made in statement that we personally enjoyed privately published." The only conclu the amount requested by the Bureau of the .. privilege of serving with the chair sion I can make is that there must be f\:Jl the Budget, $487,837,431, amounted to man cif this subcommittee, the gentleman awful lot of ct'azy people around this · only $35,417,168, or 6 percent of the from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN] the gentle country who would be so silly as to pay budget estimate; in other words, after man from Washington [Mr. HORAN] the $360,000 a year for this scientific in the committee, like th.e mountain, labored gentleman from Pennsylvania ' [Mr. formation and data when they could for over 2 months it brought forth a · FENTON] and the gentleman from Ohio readily read it for nothing in magazines mouse, having heard the justifications [Mr. CLEVENGER]. Our relations were that the chairman of the committee re cut these items only 6 percent of the most cordial and it was a pleasure to ferred to a while ago. Here is an in amount of the President's budget esti- have sat during the many and con come of $360,000 a year, when the total mate. · · tinued hearings with these gentlemen, as amount requested to run the entire office Mr. MAcKINNON. Mr. Chairman, well as with the able gentleman from is only $520,000. Well, you will recall will the gentleman yield? Virginia [Mr. GARY] and the able gentle that last year, when we had this bill as Mr. ROONEY. Not at this time. man from Illinob [Mr. O'BRIEN]. What well as another bill under consideration, The chairman of the subcommittee ever disagreement we may have had was I said that the headless horsemen of was accorded the privilege of proceeding with regard to the functioning of our economy were on the ride. And they. without interr'!J.ption. I hope I may be abilities in trying to find out what ap are still on the ride. accorded a like privilege. I shall be glad propriations were necessary and what Let us take another item"with regard • to answer questions as soon as I have were not. . to international information and edu finished my presentation. We have been hearing about budget cational facilities ~ You know what this We find that with regard to the De slashing and "cutting to the bone'' and committee did to our information pro partment of State wherein the amount about how the mhjority party is going to gram last year. They just put it out of 2068 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE MARCH 3 business. When I traveled throughout get in committee last year from the De Mr. NICHOLSON. Mr. Chairman, a Europe during the fall of the past year, partment of the Interior. point of order. · I found in -a number of locations movie Mr. ROONEY. The only conclusion I The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will film that had been purchased at a cost can make from that is that those who state it. ·of many thousands of the taxpayers' dol testified for the Department of the Inte Mr. NICHOLSON. I make the point lars stored away in closets, put out of . rior last year were correct in their testi of order, although I may be mistaken, the way, because this committee refused mony, and you went out and verified that that instead- of ·following parliamentary to appropriate enough money to employ testimony. Is not that a fair conclusion? procedure here, we are witnessing a dog a man who would exhibit those pictures Mr. JENSEN. They were right in one fight between two Members of the Legis of the American way of life to the people respect, but the Bureau of the Budget cut lature. of the foreign countries we visited. them twice as much as we cut them. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman· is What is the situation tcday with regard Mr. ROONEY. The Bureau of the not stating a point of order. to the Voice of America? The testi Budget cut them down. That is the re Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I can mony shows that the action of the Com sponsibility of the President and the assure the gentleman that this is not a mittee on Appropriations last year was Bureau of the Budget, and they are dog fight between two Members of the' such that the.y cleaned out of the infor usually right". The gentleman wants to Legislature. The gentleman from Iowa mation service all the top-notch men in use the tool two ways, and he cannot do and I are the closest of friends and we the movie · business, in the broadcast that. That is not in the rules. have the greatest respect for each other. business, and in the newspaper business Mr. JENSEN. I do not understand Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman, I want _ who were identified with that Voice of how I am using the tool two ways. You to 0. K. what the' gentleman from New America inform8,tion program. Still fellows from Brooklyn understand that, York has just said. I have great re they have not seen the light of day, be but we farmers from Iowa are not "hep" spect for the gentleman from Brooklyn. cause they have cut the appropriation to that kind of business. We have to We do have a lot of arg.Uments, but gen to the tune of over $6,000,000, and we have "the McCoy," we have to know the erally when we get through arguing, we now have to ·start from scratch. We are truth, and the truth is always best. Then find out that we are pretty close together. in the same position· as the Department we act accordingly. That is what we did Mr. ROONEY. Except on one para of the Interior Subcommittee on Appro when we went out there and learned the mount thing. priations was a year ago, when reclama truth. We acted accordingly. Mr. JENSEN. Yes, and that is that tion after reclamation project in the Mr. ROONEY. May I ask the gentle the gentleman from Brooklyn wants West was cut out of the bill. The proj man if it is not a fact that he went out Government-controlled business and I ects were reduced to the extent that work to the grass roots with me a year or so do not. That is the differenc.e. had to cease. The workmen building the before that? We traveled over Alaska. Mr. ROONEY. No. The difference is dams and building these reclamation The gentleman seemed quite interested that I am a Democrat and you are aRe projects had to be laid off because the in everything that was going on. We publican. 1 Republican Congress faHed to appro traveled the entire Pacific Northwest. Mr. Chairman, with regard to an item priate money with which to pay them. We visited most of the very projects the entitled "Departmental Salaries and Ex Lo, and behold, that was, as I remember, gentleman later cut. Apparently the penses, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic in June or July of last year, and then ·- gentleman was not convinced of the im Commerce," we find a cut from the Congress went into recess and the Mem portance of these projects when we amount of $5,865,000 requested by the bers went home. visited the Pacific Northwest. Maybe Bureau of the Budget to $5,300,000: In Our colleagues, particularly those in two fellows from Brooklyn should have this cut there is the amount of $452,000, the great Pacific Northwest, certainly gone, because, after all, this affects people which is primarily and solely used as an must have found out something about in places. such as Brooklyn, who pay a aid to small business. I do not expect what was going on in their districts, be great deal of the taxes, who pay for to be here tomorrow. I have a reserva cause they came back here and post these projects, and are willing to loan tion at the Nav,al Hospital at B~thesda. haste, immediately after the special ses the money to the Pacific Northwest for I would like to be here to vote for the sion reconvened on the 17th of Novem them. You never hear anyone from amendment. But there will be ·an ber, appropriated more :tnoney than had Brooldyn kicking about developing our amendment offered, which will come b€en asked for in the first instance, in great country. You always have to go from the majority side of the aisle re order to keep the projects going. to the penny pinchers in the Middle questing that the amount 'of $452,000 for I notice that my distinguished friend West. aid to small business in the Bureau of and colleague, the gentleman from Iowa Mr. JENSEN. They furnish the money Foreign and Domestic Commerce be put [Mr .• JENSEN] applauds . that statement. to Brooklyn so they can pay the taxes. back in the bill. I trust that by that time No one here knows that sflery better than Mr. ROONEY. No; there is not an all those on the majority side will have he, because he was the ranking majority item in the Interior Department bill had an opportunity to read the testi member at that time. . He has now suc which affects the people of . Brooklyn mony in the hearings and ascerta,.in for ceeded the gentleman from . Alabama, directly. The gentleman knows that themselves the importance of this ap- BoB JoNES, as chairman of that commit better than I. It is the folks from propriation. . tee, but he helped his then chairman, Brooklyn who continually have to fight A while·ago I mentioned a cut of $501,- which I would expect him to do. for lower power rates for the folks in 900 for the criers in the Federal court. Something must have happened. the other parts of the country, because The minority members of this commit There is the record. The Reclamation we cannot get them ourselves. We are tee voted to allow that appropriation. Service was cut to the bone. They came in the hands of a monopoly. We want Somehow or another the majority mem back here in November and reversed to develop our country, but when we bers have an idea that this is some sort themselves completely; and they not only come here representing our folks back of economy. I mentioned a while ago reversed themselves completely, they evi home in Brooklyn we find our hands and pointed out how it could not, by any dently figured that that would not be are tied by gentlemen who do not want stretch of the imagination, be any kind enough so they had to give them more to develop their own States. of economy. But · I was successful in than the amount requested by the Bureau Mr. JENSEN. Then the gentleman adding, with the consent of the- chair of the Budget. is criticizing us because we appropriate • man and majority members of the com Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman, since more money than the budget asks for. mittee, the amount of $200,000 to the the gentleman has mentioned my name, Mr. ROONEY. The gentleman is a appropriation for deputy marshals to be will he yield to me? great friend of small business, as he has used for the payment of per diem bailiffs Mr. ROONEY. I yield to my friend always stated. I know how his heart with the idea that if the House of Rep from Iowa~ bleeds for small-business men. I have resentatives and then later on the other . Mr. JENSEN. The gentleman would heard him speak of that. body persist in the deletion of that entite not expect a representative of the people Mr. JENSEN. Do you really- mean item for criers, that in-communities such to do other than the right thing after that? as New York, Chicago, Boston, Phila he learned the truth by going out and Mr. ROONEY. Ytm know, I am be delphia, and other large cities of the getting the truth, which we could not ginning to feel better already.· country, there may be crier services uti- 1948 / CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-IfOUSE 2069 lized by paying them as temporary-bailiffs sirable aliens such as Communists, con Before dojng so, however, I desire again on a per diem basis. victed felons, and such other people, that to impress upon the membership of this Mr. WALTER. Mr. Chairman, will the it was just all shot to pieces. So now body just what our position is with re gentleman yield? this year they do not like to believe that spect first of all to the people of the Mr. ROONEY. ' I yield. these same officials of the Immigration ·United States, and, second, to the people Mr. WALTER. I notice on page 34 of and Naturalization Service mean it sin of the world. the report that the entire amount recom cerely when they say, "We need so much I never bring visitors into the gallery mended by the Budget, $501,900 for criers money." This year the budget says, without pointing out to them the only has been entirely eliminated, apparently "We need, in order to strengthen our symbol of authority in America, the based on: the fact that some judges have border patrol and keep these Com mace. When the Speaker is in the chair Iiot requested the services of criers. munists and people that we do not want the mace is on top of that marble pedes Mr. ROONEY. That is exactly what in America out of America, and-to en tal there on the rostrum, to the right of I said a few moments ago. force our immigration laws, a total of the Speaker's chai:r;.. When-we are sitting Mr. WALTER. But does not this $27,125,000." in the Committee of the Whole House on amount, $501,900, represent salaries The committee gave what is known in the State of the Union, as we are doing heretofore paid to criers who have been Appropriations Committee parlance as a now, the mace is dropped down to a posi serving? · token cut. A ·token cut is a · cut tion at the base of the column. That is Mr: ROONEY. All but a few thousand which is designed merely to· show those the only scepter in America. It is not dollars. As a matter of fact, most of down in the departments that .the com down in the White House, it is not on the the amount, $501,900, represents salaries mittee really looked at the item. It · other side of the Capitol. It does not being paid to men and Women who are therefore cut $225,000 from such a grand rest in some closet in a bureau downtown. presently acting as crters and who have total as $27,125,000. I say this is not the That mace -and the responsibility that , been for some time. The deletion of this proper kind of economy, it is not sensible goes with it is right here in this Chamber entire item from this appropriation bill economy, it is not the kind of economy where we are sitting. means that all those people are off the that the American public ·wants. Mr. Chairman, through appropriation pay roll, to use the vernacular, and that Mr. Chairman, I conclude by request bills we have an opportunity to review those judges are to be without the serv- ing the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. tbe work that is being done on legislation ices· of criers. · GARY] to handle this bill for the minor policies that have been developed by the Mr. WALTER. Mr. Chairman, will ity side of the House during my absence; Congress. We review the entire work of the gentleman yield further? and at this time I yield 30 minutes to the departments during the past fiscal Mr. ROONEY. I yield. the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. GARY]. year and on that basis we pass judgment Mr. WALTER. I notice that the ap The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman on whether or not their requests should propriation for deputy marshals has been from New York has consumed 31 min be allowed, decreased or increased for the increased by $200,000 in order to pro utes. fiscal year we are then considering. It vide criers in some instances. If a crier Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I Yi.eld becomes our duty .also to check and to see is provided by the United States marshal, myself 1 minute and address my remarks if the intent of Congress, of this body, and the marshal should feel that he had to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. is being carried out. To do that we have otqer duties of greater importance at GARYL Would it be agreeable to the to understand the basic laws that set up the moment the judge was about to open gentleman from Virginia if I yielded to these departments and the basic laws court, that would mean that the judge the gentleman from Washington [Mr. that have been passed by this body would have to open court himself, would · HoRAN] before the gentleman from Vir directing them not to do this or directing it not? ginia uses his time? I wish to accom them to do that. Mr. ROONEY. That. is definitely so. modate the gentleman from Washing A budget is prepared in September be Being a lawyer and having spent most ton. fore this body, the Congress, meets. of my life as a trial lawyer in and out Mr. GARY. That is agreeable to me. That budget then goes to the Bureau of of the courts, I do not like the idea of a Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I want the Budget, which is an interesting body Federal judge in one of these large cities to express my deep sympathy to my col set up by this Congress designed to as where there is huge business, to come league the gentleman from New York sist the Congre.ss in weeding out uimec on the bench by himself. I do not be [Mr. RooNEY], who must undergo some essary items in any departmental budg lieve he should be required to carry up medical treatment. In spite of his ill et. It is not, however, answerable to the an armful of books. I do not believe that ness he has worked hard on this bill and people. The men in the Budget Bureau if he happens to forget a book, the trial he has been one of the most cooperative have a tremendous amount of power, and has to be interrupted while he goes down members of our committee. We wish probably they should have, but they do four or five fioors and walks back a half him Godspeed. not have to face an election, they do not a mile to his chambers in order to get Mr. ROONEY. I thank the gentle have to face the peopl _; and be responsi the book which he forgot. The amount man from Nebraska. ble and an'swerable to them. A depart they are paid is only_$2,200 or $2,300 per Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield ment of government is not the Govern annum, if I remember-correctly. Now it 25 minutes to the gentleman from Wash ment. It is merely the service body that is not economy to take hundreds and ington [Mr. HORAN]. carries out the administration of laws hundreds of people who were getting Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, I want passed in good faith ~Y the House of Rep $2,200 and $2,300 ·per annum off the pay to express my appreciation to the gentle resentatives and the Senate of the United roll. If you wan.t to practice economy man from Virginia: States. We have to check and to see just go back to the action of the Demo Let me say, Mr. Chairman, that we that they do carry out this intent. . \. cratic committee, when the Committee -. were a very genial subcommittee and Mr. Chairman, at this time there is on Appropriations was in the hands of while we had differences they were all being carried on in the world a cold war. the present minority, as I pointed out, above the table, and we bring this bill to No one knows who declares a cold war. where a total cut of 14 percent from the you today with a good deal of confidence. Certainly this body did not, the admin 1947 bill for this appropriation was made I want to say · a word for the chairman istration denies that it has; yet in Ber as compared with only 6 percent in the of this subcommittee. I believe he real lin, in Trieste, in Korea, in Palestine, in instant bill. izes the full import of an appropriation the Arab world, we are standing upon the In passing, the chairman also men- · ·bill and its presentation to the Congress brink of another shooting war and the tioned that they .were going to strengthen of the United States. I was impressed spilling of American blood. It is going the border patrol and the enforcement of with his desire not to limit debate. We to affect our prosperity if it comes; it immigration laws. A perusal of the feel that everyone who has anything on will affect the peace of the world if it testimony taken from the officials of the his mind in connection with the Justice comes; yes, and it will directly affect our Immigration and Naturalization Service Department, the Judiciary, the State De future progress. shows that the nonsensical cut made a partment, or the Department of Com Mr. Chairman, I wish to make a point year ago had such ·a great effect upon merce should be entitled to ample time here, and I hope you will appreciate the I the patrol of our bo-rders, upon the en on the floor to flXpress his position. purpose of this subcommittee in present forcement of our immigration laws, upon Mr. Chairman, I wish to discuss the ing the facts of the case to you today, the procedure for the expulsion of unde- growth of one of the items in this bill. because only through the medium of an 2070 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 3 appropriation billis "the entire perspec instance, how many newspapers and things that already exist and whose rec tive, with all of its possibilities, brought magazines in this country published for ord is so bril11ant. before this body for consideration. eign editions or had editions that were In my own State of Washington this In this bill we have an item of $28,- published in a foreign country. On spring Dr. Stephen B. Penrose, Jr.', was 000,000 for what is known as the Office pages 424 and on in the hearlngs of last chosen to become president of the Amer of Information and Education. The pro year you will :find the answers to my ican College in Beirut. We call him ponents of this bill worked long and questiqns concerning the total number "Binks" Penrose. For years his father hard telling us that "If you will just of American publications already in the was president of the great university pass this legislation and spread it upon foreign field and creating good will and that gave us our colleague the gentleman the books, then pass the appr~priations doing good work'. I asked him how many· from Washington, Mr. HAL HoLMES, and to make it effective, peace and prosperity newspapers in this country .had foreign one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, and love will more than engulf the corre~pondents, who certainly do create Mr. William Douglas. That is Whitman woi'ld." We pass~d .that bill a year some in:ft.uence, good or bad, the same as College, named after a great American ago. I personally had high hopes for it a diplomat abroad. I asked him how missionary. "Binks" is going over to and supported the amount that the com many American sponsored and supported Beirut in Lebanon to become president of mittee appropriated in the present bill schogls there were in the world. The a college that probably as- a breeder of for this purpose, $28,000,000. I think number, of course, runs way up into the - good will is not excelled anywhere in the that one department, the Department hundreds. There is some discussion . on world. We are very happy that a man of State, probably will have to make a matter that has no place here except from our State has been chosen. amends for some of the errors in another ing that we haye in our hearts the deter !'visited that college 2 years ago. It is part of that Department, and maybe the mination to protect it as individuals, arid a college credited with having educated diplomatic corpses that are strewn all that is the in:ft.uence of churches and thousands upon thousands of the leaders over the landscape, in Berlin, Trieste, m1sswnaries. They are probably the of the eastern Mediterranean area. and Palestine, will have to be buried by greatest workers for good will, peace, While I was there I asked them how the Office of Information and Educa prosperity, and brotherly love that exist, many different nationalities were there tion. They will have to recapture the yet they are not to be interfered with by peaceably attending college, and was good will we have lost overnight. But the state with. all of its prejudice and told that they taught the previous ~ear you will recall that we went into that its restrictions based upon nationalism. in 16 languages and used 3 alphabets, fully last yea:r. This committee forced r asked what were the activities of the because that is a place where east meets the passage of that legislation because motion-picture industry, which has gone west, and who ·is going to evaluate the that bureau or division of the State De greatly into tl:le foreign field. The in goodness of such an institution? partment, with all of its far-:ft.ung and dustry has denied the exportation of such Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Mr. ambitious programs, did not have an or plays as Tobacco Road, Grapes of Wrath, Chairman, will the gentreman yield? ganic law to stand on, and we felt that and others. The Communists, of course, Mr. HORAN. I yield to the gentleman it should have. And so we lodged a point want these distorted exhibitions of capi from Massachusetts. of order against the program. · Any de:.. talist life. In one instance the respon Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. In look partment that presumes to sp~nd bet sible film industry was overridden by the ing over the report of the committee I ter than $30,000,000 a year ought to be State Department itself. I asked about was interested to see that an item in the well wedded to substantive law. So, on private exchanges of culture and artistic State Department that would have to do five different occasions the Committee materials. I asked about the work of in large measure with the successful op on Foreign . Affairs brought that bill to our archaeologists and free-lance edu eration of our fisheries in the North At the :ft.oor, and it was pushed around cators and others. I asked a lot of ques lantic is not included in the estimates something awful before final passage. tions. I am having prepared this after this year. I know that the State De From our vantage point of understand noon a summary of this information, and partment for some considerable period of ing, this committee, as part of that bill, shall include it in my remarks. time has been working with the countries added two very, very important features. I do that for this reason. Certainly to the north of us in the Atlantic for a One was a feature calling for an ad the most important thing that can pos fisheries treaty an'd considerable work visory committee to advise this division sibly fall to the good of the people of has already been done. This item was of government, that advisory committee the world is peace. I am not convinced submitted by the State Department to to be drawn from the proper parts of that we are working in that direction. the Bureau of the Budget and for some our American cultural, educational, so I am persuaded that there is a job for reason which I at this moment do not cial, and industrial life. The second wise administration today to bring to know was stricken -from the budget. amendment is one that I offered, and gether all of these forces that do work May I ask the gentleman, who I know is i am very proud of this amendment. It for peace. I am not convinced at all interested in fisheries on the western is section 1005 ·of Public Law 402. It that that has been the policy of the coast, whether there were any questions directs the Office of Information and bureaucrats down in the State Depart- asked of the State Department officia)s . Education, wherever possible, to utilize ment. • as to why this item did not appear in this private industry and private facilities. Mr. Chairman, I am certainly not year's budget? But, while the House passed that law last June, and while the budget for the partisan in this appeal. There is a job Mr. HORAN. Might I refer the gen Cultural and Educational Division, . to do. I trust the minority will not come tleman to our able colleague the gentle which is before us now, was prepared in to the :ft.oor ~nd make· a big issue out of man from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN] with · Septem"Qer, the Senate did not finally our cutting this item $6,000,000. Let me regard to that item, the details of which act and pass that bill and make it part of tell you whY·. The budget that was be do not come to my mind at the moment? the substantive law until January 27, fore us, I am convinced, was nothing Mr. STEFAN. There was no item almost identically the same day that we more ' than an' attempt to achieve the there for Atlantic fisheries at all, and no were holding hearings on this OlE objective of .a huge monopolistic division . estimates were submitted. to justify its budget before our sub of cultural affairs in the State Depart Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. That is committee-a budget, mind you, that ment. Nowhere is there any evidence to my point, Mr. Chairman. There are no was prepared last September and one support any claim that they have tried estimates and apparently no reason for that still did not have a piece of policy to weld together those things that are ~ the lack of them. This item was submit · legislation, showing the intent of Con fundamental to our American life and ted' by the State Department' to the Bu gress to guide it. It was a 'strictly war part of the thing that today makes us reau of the Budget and was stricken out. born bureau· budget. great, ~cause we are free. They are ·According to the language of this report, Last year, when Mr. William Benton the things which express themselves as this item is being liquidated. That is the was the head of this department, I asked truly American automatically; .you do 'not trouble today. There is not enough con him a lot of questions which to me were have to shout. · So we cut it $6,000,000, sideration being given to our domestic pertinent. I thought they were perti because there is plenty. of eviden.ce to industries and fisheries. Last year we nent because out of that I hoped to show that $1,000,000 could be saved -here had the same story, and this year again, perhaps evaluate something that was and another million there with wise co . and apparently nobody is interested peculiarly American. I asked him, for operation and $Lmalgamation . of these enough to even ask the question, "Why?" 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2071 Mr. STEFAN. Of course, the report of California. If we are going to have a Mr. HORAN. No. I had Czech horticultural does not say anything about that par- Voice of America, we want it to be the workers working right out in my warehouse, ticular item. - voice of America and not the voice of a in the State of Washington. Mr. BENTON. Was it during the war, Mr. Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. Oh, yes; Government bureau. To achieve that HORAN? it does. I read the report myself, where the Government certainly will have to Mr. HoRAN. It was before the war. I am the item was liquidated last year. have a supervising influence. Certainly · talking about the background that we can Mr. STEFAN. Will the gentleman they will have to coordinate, and they either make or break. It already exists and read it? . will have to clear both individuals and creates a tremendous amount of good will Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. The programs; but they will not have to take for us. fiscal year 1948 includes two items or the center of the stage an( rant like a We also exchanged educators all over the activities which have been liquidated. world, haven't we? Shakespearean orator all the time. Mr. BENTON. Oh, Y·es; there is no question That is last year, 1948, I understand, be Mr. JOHNSON of California. Is there aboa.t it; we h ave exchanged professors, for cause I have made the inquiry before any conscious effort to pull together the example, between our universities and the . with the Bureau of the Budget. This dozens or hundreds of forces that are British universities, but on a very small year they liquidated it. But what I think making for orderly understanding be scale. we should find out is why they liquidated tween the peoples of the world? · STATUS OF EXCHANGE-STUDENT PROGRAM it. I know we ought to put back the Mr. HORAN. As I say, we are not Mr. HORAN. What is the present status of $25,000 to continue the work so that we completely convinced. Neither, since the exchange-student program? can have a fisheries treaty with the na the Congress is not going to administer Mr. BENTON. We have about 350 Latin tions north of us so that we can have a any agencies set up, do we feel that it is American students here from the various spirit of good will with those great na Latin-American countries, in whose welfare up to us to plari and spell out to the State the Government has taken an interest, and tions of the north Atlantic. Department what we consider to be the also about 50 professors from Latin Amer Mr. HORAN.- Did the gentleman ap understanding an'! intent of the Con ica-isn't that right? pear before the committee? I would gress. Mr. HOLLAND. Right. suggest that this be taken up after this DISCUSSION OF AMERICAN GOOD WILL ABROAD Mr. BENTON. There are thus a total of bill leaves this body. and I assure you about 400 people from Latin America here Mr. HoRAN. Everyone in the .Government under the sponsorship of the Government, that ;any item of that nature will have tells me that we have a tremendous backlog my greatest consideration. I want you on o_ur Latin-American program of exchange of good will abroad. Did that all come of personnel, and that is all for the entire to know that I did make an effort, while · through the Information al}d Cultural Rela world, Mr. HORAN. it is not good practice to write anything tions Division? Mr. HoRAN. What about the arrangement of a legislative nature into this bill, that Mr. BENTON. We have both good will and · u nder which we undertake an exchange-stu an Under Secretary of State be made re ill will, as you know. It is a combination dent program with China? sponsible for the handling of all fisheries that varies greatly from country to country. Mr. BENTON. About 2,000 students, I be treaties, because t feel it should be on It would be fair to say, I am sure, that all lieve, have come in under the Boxer indem that level. over the world there is enormous curiosity nity scholarships, and I think those who about us, and this curiosity and such good know m qst about these fel\_owships think Mr. BATES of Massachusetts. I might will as we have comes from a whole complex they are as fine an example as can be picked say to the gentleman that I am asking for of reasons. I think, on the· cultural side, it anywhere of the great potential importance that information from the State Depart comes perhaps most notably from our mis of this kind of exchange of personnel. ment today. sionaries, because our missionaries in certain One sentence might interest you, Mr. Mr. HORAN. I hope the gentleman part s of the world have made a tremendous HoRAN, in World Report, of this week, and will do that. contribution at the religious, educational, I subscribe to this sentence-this is a Dave and ·cultural level to good will toward the Lawrence magazine, of which he is the ed Mr. STEFAN. I would suggest that United States. the gentleman take this matter up with itor, "Students and trainees from other coun Mr. HoRAN. As a Government agency, with tries probably will generate more trade in the Budget because we are talking about our unwritten doctrine of separation of the long run than all the loans and relief matters which have not been pres~nted church and state, it is difficult for you to together." to us by the Budget. do other than to just perfunctorily cooperate This is a pretty selfish way to look at Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. with the missionaries, isn't that right? students and trainees. It is a very material Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BENTON. I feel we have cooperated very istic way. that will confirm to many people Mr. HORAN. I Yield to· my colleague closely with the missionaries, where we have abroad what they think our motives are, in the gentleman -from California. the opportunity, in some countries. _ activities of this kind. However, over the I remember when I was in Bangkok, 10 long pull it is an interesting observation, Mr. JOHNSON of California. I was years ago, I asked the men at the embassy and I believe a true one. very much interested in the very con there what they did in Bangkok, and they Mr. HoRAN. Will you supply for the record structive and interesting speech on the said, "Ninety percent of all we do here in the the total of all of the American educational various forces and elements making for embassy centers around the missionaries." institutions abroad, those that are supported peace, such as the interchange of stu So the State Department itself, entirely in whole or in part by the good . will of in dents. Can the gentleman tell me apart from our OIC end of it, is dedicated to dividual Americans, including Benton Col whether or not the State Department American missionaries, in some-. countries as lege on the eastern Mediterranean. . . works with a group like the University much as 90 percent of the·Department's total Mr. BENTON. It is only a primary school, activities in those countries. but with that amendment I . shall do my of California, which has an International Mr. HoRAN. The church unquestionably has best, for the record. House where we have students from all created a tremendous amount of good will for (The information requested~ as follows:) over the world living together in the same us throughout the world. "STATEMENT ON AMERICAN-SPONSORED EDUCA building .and trying to understand each Mr. BENTON. As have many other factors. TIONAL INSTITUTIONS ABROAD other? Is .there· any connection that Mr. HoRAN. Without any doubt. "The Department is engaged in assembling the State Department has with activities Mr. BENTON. As have the Hollywood motion a list of American-sponsored educational in like that out there or vice versa? , pictures and many other American business stitutions abroad. No such list is now in ex Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, in con enterprises. istence. The following data represents the clusion of the remarks I am making at Mr. HoRAN. We have· also created good will, best information available to the Depart this time quite informally and which I have we not, through the exchange of Gov ment on the subject. It should be noted have asked permission to revise and ex ernment facilities and advice and techniques, here that some American-sponsored schools such as the exchange of agricultural workers abroad are solely for the education of the tend, may I say that the committee was between ourselves and the C~chs, as well as children of American citizens and hence have impressed with both the spirit and co all over the world; isn't that right? no eff.ect on the education of foreign chil operation that existed between all forces Mr. BENTON. It is illegal for such activities, dren. which include the State Department and with any element of Government support or "In Latin America the Department has UNESCO. Personally I was very highly interest, to be carried forward except in Latin been conducting a program of assistance to impressed· with the attempt that is be America. such schools, based on a survey m1de in ing made in the operation and adminis Mr. HoRAN. We do, however, exchange tech 1941-42 by-the Office of the Coordinator or tration of that movement to really get nical workers with other parts of the world Inter-American Affairs and the Department. do wo not? That survey established the existence or the people in it. That would fit in much Mr. BENTON. Our private commercial firms some 400 American-spopsored schools of all more closely with the international will enter into contracts with Russia to send t ypes in Latin America. Of that number, house you mentioned at the University American technicians to Russia-- the Department is currently aiding 14 schools 2072 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-HOUSE · MARCH 3 with fiscal grants to enable them to estab Mr. HoltAN. And, consequently, anything ETHIOPIA lish themselves firmly on a self-supporting that is contributed out of the whole of Amer American Mission School, Addis Ababa. basis, is aiding approximately 2 schools to ican r~sources or wealth has a part in any American Pro-Falasha School, Addis Ababa. recruit American teachers, and is aiding ap program that we are considering, where we proximately 270 schools with educational have to appropriate funds for it. GREECE materials and professional advice. Mr. BENTON. I concur thoroughly with American College of Sophia. "In the Near East the Department cooper that. Athens College. ated 'with American-sponsored schools by Mr. HoRAN. Consequently, I am very much Pierce College (for women). maldng possible important educational proj interested in everything that America is. Anatolia College. ects under grants from the Emergency Fund doing. American Farm School. for the President and from fUnds appropri If we go back as early as 1858, when a POLAND ated under 'Cultural relations with China merchantman out of Boston founded Rob Methodist School, Warsaw (has reopened). and the neighboring countries and countries erts College on the Dardanelles-- of the Near East and Africa' (Public Law 61, Mr. BENTON. Yes, sir. IRAQ 79th Cong.) . · Mr. HonAN. Unquestionably an anchor of Baghdad College, Baghdad. "In the Far East the Department has pro our foreign relations. American School for Girls, Baghdad. vided modest aid to approximately 19 Amer Mr. BENTON. Yes, sir. Amer,l.can Reformed Church: American ican-sponsored schools and colleges in China Mr. HoRAN. One that we can destroy by School for Girls and American School for Boys, Basra. from funds appropriated under Public Law foolish trif)e1 I would call it. This art doesn't 61, Seventy-ninth Congress, as cited in (b) appeal to me. I have some concept of what Seventh-Day Adyentists, Mosul. above, as a contribution toward rehabili is good and true and beautiful, and that is IRAN tating their war-devastated campuses. supposed t.o be the foundation of_art, but I American Community School, care of "In Europe the Department has carried on don't see anything good and true and beau American Presbyterian Mission, Teheran. no program of aid to American-sponsored tiful about that, certainly, and I don't think schools." you do. . PALESTlNE Mr. HoRAN. You will also-- Mr. BENTON. I said I liked the circus girl Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem. Mr. BENTON. I wish it were a college. . bett er than some of the rest of you. American School of Oriental Research, Mr. HoRAN. Will you also indicate, in a Mr. HORAN . That is a stand~;trd of awful Jerusalem. chart form, the extent of the education car ness, and what we want is a standard of SYRIA ' better. ried on there, the number of alphabets used, Aleppo College, Damascus. and, if possible, the number of nationalities Syria Mission of the Board of Foreign Mis educated in each? AMERlCAN SPONSORED ScHOOLS IN THE EAST sions of the Presbyterian Church of North Mr. BENTON. To the extent that we .have ERN HEMISPHERE THAT HAVE IN THE PAST America, Damascus. that information, we will contribute it. RECEIVED GRANTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF American School in Damascus, Damascus. Mr. HoRAN. Well, that information should STATE The Tamer Agricultural School, Damascus. be available. IRAQ Church of the Nazarene School, Damascus. Mr. BENTON. I think most of it is available. American School for Boys, Baghdad. Church of the Nazarene School, Bludan. Is it completely available? LEBANON ' Mr. HoLLAND. I believe we can supply part LEBANON of that. American Community School, Beirut. Assyrian National ..School Association, (The information requested is as follows: ) ·American University of Beirut, Beirut. Beirut. Syria Mission of the Board of Foreign Mis "STATEMENT ON ENROLLMENT IN AMERICAN International College, Beirut. LmERIA . sions of the Presbyterian Church in the SPONSORED SCHOOLS ABROAD, ON ALPHABETS United St.ates of America, Beirut. USED I~ THEIR TEACHING, AND DATA ON NA 'Booker Washington Institute. Bible Lands Gospel Mission, Beirut. TIONALITIES EDUCATED IN EACH SYRIA Church of God Mission School, Khurbeit- "1. There is appended an enrollment Damascus College, Damascus. el-Hussan. break-down on the nationality of the stu United Missionary Society, Beirut. dent bodies of the 14 American-sponsored TURKEY Seventh-Day Adventists, Beirut. schools in the other American Republics re Admiral Bristol Hospital (nurses' school), Seventh-Day Adventists, Beirut Training cently receiving grants-in-aid from the De Istanbul. College. 1 partment, insofar as such information has American College for Girls (women's col Assemblies of God Mission School, Beirut. been made available to the Department. lege) , Istanbul. The Daniel and Emily Oliver Orphanages, "2. The Department is not in possession of Robert College, Istanbul. Ras-el-Metn. comparable analyses of the student bodies of CHINA Layyah A. Barakat Home for Orphan Girls, schools in the Near East and China which in Abieh. · the past have received aid through the De- Lingnan University, Canton. Wes't China Union University, Chengtu. TURKEY partment. · Fukien, Christian University, Foochow. American College, Tarsus. "3. In the other American Republics, in Hwa Nan College, Foochow. The American College, Talas-Kayseri. struction is given exclusively in the Roman Hangchow Christian College, Hangchow. Girls' High School and Boys' High School at alphabet. In the Near East, schools use the Kikungshan ·school, Kikungshan. Uskudar, Izmir, Tarsus, Talas. Roman alphabet and Arabic script. In China, Kuling American School, Kuling. American Community School, % Robert schools use the Roman alphabet and Chinese Qinling College, Nanking. College, Istanbul. ideographs. Athens College, which has re University of Nanking, Nanking. CHINA ceived books from the Department, presum Yenching University, Peiping. ably uses the Roman and the Greek alpha- Keen School for Girls, Tientsin. Peiping American School, Peiping. Hui Wen Middle School, Tientsin. bets. ' University of Shanghai, Shanghai. Hui Wen Primary School for Boys, Tientsin. "ENROLLMENT ·IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS IN OTHER St. John's University, Shanghai. Hui Wen Primary School for Girls, Tientsin. AMERICAN REPUBLICS Shanghai American School, Shanghai. BURMA "It is estimated that the 270 American Soochow University, Soochow. Shangtung Christian University (Cheeloo), The American Baptist Mission School, sponsored schools located in the other Amer Taunggyi, Southern Shan States. ican Republics have a total enrollment of Tslnan, Shangtung. _ 55,000 students and that 5,00( of these are Tsingtao American School, Tsingtao. INDIA Americans." North China American School, Tungchow. The Woodstock School, Mussoorie, u. P.~ Mr. BENTON. Of course, you appreciate that Hua Chung College, Wuchang (including India. our scientific and cultural program by law the Yale School of Science, Yale-in-China). The Community Sch6ol, Kodai Kanal at · has been confined to Latin America, in col Ootacamund, south India. laboration with other countries through the AMERICAN-SPONSORED SCHOOLS AIDED AND A school at Naini Tal, U. P. India. State Department. OFTEN ADMINISTERED BY AMERICANS, EAST Mr. HoRAN. Let me advise you people that ERN HEMISPHERE · DIVISION OF LmRARIES AND INSTITUTES-NORTH we members of this committee deal with BULGARIA AMERICAN-SPONSORED SCHOOLS IN LATIN more than one budget. My own work deals AMERICA (AS OF JANUARY 1947) with at least five departments. Pordin, Bulgaria. I am aware that if we are to protect the Lovetch, Bulgaria; American High School (Starred schools offer a part of the curriculum in English. Schools not starred use the solvency of America, unfortunately we have for· Girls. language of the cou1;1try in which they are to do it by maintaining as1 fiscally a sound Sofia, Bulgaria; American College and approach as possible. Whatever is done by Un'tversity (affiliateCI with Near East College located as the medium of instruction) any one of the 14o:ooo,ooo people in America Association). · ARGENTINA has its attack upon our one national income, EGYPT Dr. ·Herbert H. Peterson,' American Gram out of which all of our taxes come. American University of Cairo. mar and High School,* Freire 1899, Bueiws Mr. BENTON. I concur with that. The American Mission in Egypt, Cairo. Aires. 1948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2073
Dr. Fred Aden, Colegio Ward, Ramos CHILE Mr. Ralph Kesselring, Escuela Metodista, * Mejia, FCO, Buenos Aires. Dr. Dillman S. Bullock, Escuela Agricola apartado 931, San Jose. Mrs. Evelyne Barthe, Lincoln School, • "El Vergel," Casilla 2-D, Angol. . Mr. Dean T. Fitzgerald, Lincoln School,• Sucre 3012, Buenos Aires. Director, Antofagasta ~merican College,• apartado 1919, San Jese. Rev. G. 0. Kramer, Escuela Evangelica Casilla 530, Antofagasta. CUBA Luterana, Guatrache, La Pampa. Rev. J. H. Meier, Colegio ,Industiial Ad Sr. Juan Sierra, Colegio Los Amigos, Banes. Sr. Fernando Chaij, Colegio Adventista del ventista, Chillan. Mrs. Belle Suarez, United Fruit Co. School,* Plata, Puiggari, Entre Rios. Mrs. Ruth J. McLaughlin, Escuela Ameri Banes. ' Rev. J. M. Armbruster, Institute Evangelico cana, • Chuquicamata. Dr. Gelasia Ortiz, Colegio Bautista, Baracoa. Americana, Simbron 3160, Villa del Parque, Mr. Domingo Vega R., Iquique "English Dr. Joel Lobaina, Colegio Bautista, Bayamo. FCP. College, Casilla 251, Iquique. . , Miss Gertrude Cowan, Colegio Presqi- BOLIVIA Miss Nona E. Marsh, Escuela Americana,* teriano, Cabaiguan. Mr. LeGrand Smith, Instituto Americano, Potrerillos. Mr. Jose Vasquez, Colegio Presbiteriano, Casilla 175, Cochabamba. - Superintendent of Welfare, Braden Copper Caibarien, Las Villas. Dr. Carl S. Bell, American Institute,. Cajon Co., Rancagua (for schools at Coya, Calotes, Mr. . Paul Tate, Colegio Episcopal de San 9, La Paz. Sewell, operated by the company). Pablo, Avenida de los Martires 217, Camaguey. Mrs. Ruth P. Martin, Anglo-American Mrs. John L. Donner, Andrew Carnegie Mr. Joseph Green Board, Colegio Pinson,* School, • Casilla 450, Or.uro. College,* Avenida Manuei Montt 1759, Santi apartado 854, Camaguey. Miss Violet Upton, School for Missionary ago. Dr. Emilio Rodriguez Busto, Colegio La Children, • Quillacollo. Mother Mary Cornelia, Colegio de Villa Progresiva, Cardena~ .. Maria, Casilla 9195, Santiago. · BRAZIL Miss Juanita M. Kelly, Eliza Bowman Col Mr. A. Welda Stevenson, Coleg.io "Nido de lege·,* apartado 66, Cienfuegos. Mr. Peter G. Baker, Colegio 2 de Julho, Caixa Aguilas," • Casilla 2761, Santiago. Sister Mary di Lourdes, OP ., Our Lady of 850, Baia. Dr. Ivan Grimshaw, Instituto Ingles Ca the Rosary American Academy,* Calle O'Don Miss Clyde Varn, Colegio Izabela Hendrix, silla 77-D, Santiago. nell ·148, Cienfuegos. Caixa Postal 46, Bela Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Rev. William C. Harvey, C. S. C., St. George's Rev. Wilbur. E. Larson, Colegios Interna Director Ginasio Noroeste, Birigui, Sao College,* Pedro de Valdivia 1423, Santiago. cionales, El Cristo, Oriente. Paulo. Miss Elizabeth C. Mason, Santiago College, • Mrs. Edrie Santana, Cuban Mining Co. Mrs. · s. R. Gammon, Escola .Evangelica Casilla 13Q-D, Santiago. School,* El Cristo, Oriente. Armstrong, Campo Bela, Minas Gerais. Miss Agnes Graham, Colegio Bautista, Mr. Antonio Arjibay, Colegio Presbiteriano, Mr. A. G. Edwards, Escola Agricola E.van Casilla 2Q-D, Temuco. Encrucijada, Las Villas. gelica, Caixa. 41, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso. COLOMBIA ·.J. Director, Colegio Los Amigos, Gibara. Dr. Walter Swetnam, Colegio 15 de No Dr. Luis Molina, Colegio Bautista, Guan Mrs. · Ethel B. Roa, Colegio Americana, vembro, Garanhuns, Pernambuco. tanamo. Mr. s. Irvin Graham, Colegio de Ponte apartado 106, ifrmenia, Caldas. Miss Eleanor L. Clancy, Colegio Sarah Ash Nova, Itacira, Baia. . Miss Fi-ances Hitchcock, Colegio Ameri . ·hurst, • apartado ll8, Guantanamo. Sr. Irineu Guimaraes, Instituto Granbery, cana, Armero, Tolima. Mrs. Harley Sparks, United Fruit Sugar Co. Juic de Fora, Minas Gerais. Director, Tropical Oil Co. Staff School,* School,* Guaro, Oriente. Rev. Frank F. Baker, Institute Gammon, Barranca Bermeja. · Dr. R. P. Guitart, Kate Plumer Bryan Me Lavras, Minas Gerais. Miss Miriam B. Dickason, Colegio Ameri morial, Calle Habana 43, Guines. Rev. C. E. Hubbard, Institute Americana cana para Senoritas (airmail) apartado Mr. James D. Baker, Academia Ruston,• de Lins, Lins, ·sao Paulo. . · Aereo 158 (qoat mail) apartado 200, Bar Calle G esquina A 5a, Vedado, Habana. Mr. William Richard. Schisler, InstitAuto ranquiUa. Mr. H. B. Bardwell, Candler College,* Mi Educacional de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Sr. Manuel Escorcia, Colegio Americana ramar y Gutierrez, Habana. Rio Grande do Sul. para Varones (air mail) apartado Aereo 258 Mrs. Bessie Sams de Casas, Cathedral (boat mail) apartado 100, Barranquilla. Miss Candida da Rocha Leao, Ginasio School,* Paseo esquina 15, Habana. Santa Margarida, Caixa Postal 300, Pelotas, Mrs. Clara Snyder Gavin, Karl C. Parrish Dr. Martin Rodriguez Vivanco, Colegio School, • Barranquilla. Rio Grande do Sui. Bautista, Zulueta 502, Habana. Mrs .. B. F . .Uhl, Colegio de Estados Unidos,• Miss I one Clay, Colegio Buenavista,* Miss Rosalie Steward Brown, Colegio Pira (air mail) Apartado Aereo 3631, (boat mail) cicabano, Rua Boa Marte 1275, Piracicaba, apartado 5, Marianao, Habana. Apartado 2760, Bogota. Dr. Carlos Perez, Cdlegio Central Meto Sao Paulo. - · Mrs. Edward G. Seel (girls' section), Mr. Miss Ruth Dewey Anderson, Colegio Amer dista, * Virtudes 152, Habana. Robert Waggoner (boys' section), Colegio Sister Directress, Colegio Dominicas Ameri icana, Dr. Laura de Oliveira 71, Porto Alegre, Americana, (air mail) Apartado Ae,reo 3604, Rio Grande do Sul. canas, * Avenida 5a, esquina D, Habana. (boat mail) Apartado 35, Bogota. Father H. L. Daly, Colegio de San Agustin,• Mrs. W. C. Harrison, Ginasio Batista Amer Mr. Forrest E. Totteri, Colegio Nueva Gra apartado 1056, Habana. icana Brasileiro, Caixa Postal 118, Porto nada,* (air mail) Apartado Aereo 3439, (boat · Mrs. Eva M. Anderson, Columbus School, • Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. mail) Carrera 3A. No. 76-06, Bogota. 907 Calle 19, Vedado, Habana. Dr. Ruy Lauer Simoes, headmaster, Ginasio Mr: and Mrs. Robert Lazear, Colegio Ameri- Mother Thomas Voorhies, 0. S. U., Meriel Cruzeiro do Sul, Caixa Postal 174, Porto cana, Bucaramanga, Santander. _ Academy,* Linea 858, Vedado, H!}bana. · Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Rev. D. 0. Bryson, Colegio Americana, (air Mrs. C. E. Sargent, the Phillips School,* Sr; Oscar Machado, Institute Porto Alegre, mail) Apartado Aereo 173, (boat mail) Apar Avenida Central 24, Reparto Kohly, Habana. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. · tado 301 1 Cali. Dr. R. Morrell Agramonte, Colegio Los Dr. Jose Alfredo de Menezes, Colegio Amer Miss Esther Lazenby, Andian National Amigos, Calle Miro, Holguin; Oriente. icana Batista, Caixa Postal 226, Recife, Per Corp. ·staff School,* care of Andian National Director, American School,* La Gloria, nambuco. Corp., Ltd., Apartado Aereo 3, Cartagena. Camaguey. Miss Lina Boyce, Colegio Evangelico Agnes Director, Colombian Petroleum Co. Staff Mrs. Richard Colligan, Nicaro Nickel Co. Erskine, Avenida Rui Barbosa 704, Recife, School, • Cucuta. School,* Lenguw de Pajaro, Oriente. Pernambuco. Director, Tropical Oil Co. Staff School,* Miss Clara E. Chalmers, Irene Toland Mr. Victor E. Moore, Escola Americana do E1 Centro. ~ School, apartado 94, Matanzas. Rio de Janeiro, • Rua General Urquiza. 223, Sra. Carmen Rosa L. de Gahona, Colegio Dr. Moreno, Colegio Episcopal, Moron. Rio de Janeiro (Leblon). ' AmeriCana, Apartado . 26, - Giradot, Cundi Mrs. Margaret Miller Smith, American Cel} Dr. Paul C. Por-ter, Colegio Batista, Jose nalllarca. tral School, • Nueva Gerona, Isle of' Pines. Sra. Carmen de Avales, Colegio Bolivar, Dr. Augustin Gonzalez, Colegio Bautista, Higino 416, Rio de Janeiro. . ,. Palma Soriano. ; Miss Eva Louise Hyde, Colegio Bennett, Apartado 4, Ibague, Tolima. Mr. G. Chapman, Academia Colombo ' Miss Stella Lee, Lee School, • Preston, Rua Marques de Abrantes 55, Rio de Janeiro. w. Oriente Venezolana, Medellin. Miss Louise Best, Colegio Centenario, Santa Miss Emma P. Martinez, Colegio Los Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Mrs. Allen D. Clark., Colegio Colon, Amigos, Puerto Padre. Dr. Silas Botelho, Colegio Batista, Dr. Medellin. Dr. Santiago Gallo, Co1egio Carlos de la Homem de Melo 537, Sao Paulo. Rev. Raul F. Brown, Cumberland Presby Torre, Sancti Spiritus. Dr. Benjamin Hunnicutt, Instituto Mac- terian School, Apartado 39, Pereira, Caldas. Mr. J. S. Marshall, Colegio Adventista de kenzie, Sao Paulo. • Mrs. . Lucille Ewers Sawyer, Fruit Co. . las Antillas, apartado 329, Santa Clara. · Miss Ruth Mary Moore, Sao Paulo graded School,,* Santa Marta. Miss Emilia Lima, Colegio Presbiteriano, school,* Rua Coronel Oscar Porto 208, Sao COSTA RICA Union de Reyes, Matanzas. Paulo. Miss C. Sheetz, Limon School,* Limon. Sr. Ernesto Sosa, Colegio Emelyn Craig, Dr. Pery Machado, Institute Uniao, Uru Miss Martha Seuss, Quepos School, • Narciso Lopez 12?1:!, Versailles, Matanzas. guaiana, R:io Grande do Sui. . Quepos. · DOMINICAN REPUBLIC· Miss Edith Foster, Escola Evangelica Amer Mr. W. A. Wild, Academia Adventista His Director, Calvert School,"' care of American icana, Varginha, Minas Gerais. panoamericana, _apartado 1325, Sail Jose. · Embassy,