Univerzita Palackého V Olomouci Filozofická Fakulta Katedra Psychologie

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Univerzita Palackého V Olomouci Filozofická Fakulta Katedra Psychologie Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Filozofická fakulta Katedra psychologie TABERNANTHE IBOGA A ZKUŠENOSTI OSOB ŽIJÍCÍCH NA ÚZEMÍ ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY S JEJÍ APLIKACÍ TABERNANTHE IBOGA AND EXPERIENCES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC WITH ITS APPLICATION Magisterská diplomová práce Autor: Bc. Barbara Valíková Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Mgr. Roman Procházka, Ph. D. Olomouc 2018 Poděkování Děkuji PhDr. Mgr. Romanovi Procházkovi, Ph. D. za jeho vedení a cenné připomínky. Děkuji účastníkům výzkumu, bez nichž by tato práce nemohla vzniknout, za jejich odhodlání, upřímnost a ochotu sdílet své zkušenosti. Velmi si vážím každého setkání, které bylo pro mne vždy jedinečné, inspirující, a velmi obohacující, a to nejen ve věci této práce, ale i na úrovni setkání s člověkem, který má světu co říci nejen svými zkušenostmi, ale i svou hloubkou duše a způsobem nazírání světa. Děkuji také své rodině a svému příteli. Speciální dík patří Patrickovi Venulejo a Evě Césarové. Prohlášení Místopřísežně prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou diplomovou práci na téma: „Tabernanthe iboga a zkušenosti osob žijících na území České republiky s její aplikací“ vypracovala samostatně pod odborným dohledem vedoucího diplomové práce a uvedla jsem všechny použité podklady a literaturu. V Olomouci dne……………… Podpis ……………… OBSAH ÚVOD .................................................................................................................................... 5 I. TEORETICKÁ ČÁST ........................................................................................................ 6 1 Změněné stavy vědomí ....................................................................................................... 7 2 Psychotropní šamanismus ................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Rituál a jeho význam ................................................................................................. 14 2.2 Psychedelický rituál .................................................................................................. 14 3 Psychotropní látky ............................................................................................................ 17 3.1 Tlumivé látky ............................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Psychostimulancia ..................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Halucinogeny ............................................................................................................ 20 3.3.1 Psychotropní rostliny ......................................................................................... 28 4 Tabernanthe iboga ............................................................................................................. 29 4.1 Původ a historie užívání T. iboga .............................................................................. 30 4.1.1 Historie užívání T. iboga v Africe ..................................................................... 30 4.1.2 Historie rozšíření T. iboga do západního světa ................................................. 33 4.2 Popis a chemické složení T. iboga ............................................................................ 35 4.3 Formy a způsoby užívání látky rostliny T. iboga ...................................................... 36 4.4 Ibogain ...................................................................................................................... 38 4.4.1 Ibogain a mechanismus účinku ......................................................................... 38 4.4.2 Ibogain v léčbě závislostí .................................................................................. 40 4.4.3 Náhlá úmrtí spojená s užitím ibogainu, kontraindikace. ................................... 42 4.5 Motivace osob při užití látky T. iboga ...................................................................... 44 4.6 Subjektivní účinky u osob při užití T. iboga ............................................................. 45 4.7 Legalita T. iboga ....................................................................................................... 50 4.8 Aplikace T. iboga v ČR ............................................................................................. 52 5 Souhrn výzkumů týkajících se T. Iboga ........................................................................... 54 6 Předpokládaný význam poznatků pro praxi ...................................................................... 54 II. VÝZKUMNÁ ČÁST ...................................................................................................... 55 7 Výzkumný problém .......................................................................................................... 56 8 Cíle výzkumu .................................................................................................................... 56 9 Výzkumné otázky ............................................................................................................. 56 10 Popis zvoleného metodologického rámce a metod ......................................................... 56 10.1 Zvolený typ výzkumu ............................................................................................. 56 10.2 Efekt výzkumníka ................................................................................................... 57 10.3 Metody získávání dat .............................................................................................. 57 10.4 Metody zpracování a analýzy dat ............................................................................ 58 11 Výzkumný soubor ........................................................................................................... 59 12 Etické problémy a způsob jejich řešení .......................................................................... 61 13 Průběh výzkumu ............................................................................................................. 61 14 Sebereflexe zkušenosti výzkumnice ............................................................................... 63 15 Analýza dat ..................................................................................................................... 69 15.1 Kategorie ................................................................................................................. 69 15.1.1 Příprava na proces ........................................................................................... 69 15.1.2 Průběh procesu ................................................................................................ 77 15.1.3 Doznívání ........................................................................................................ 95 15.1.4 Intervenující podmínky ................................................................................... 97 15.1.5 Následné změny v životech ............................................................................. 99 15.1.6 Hodnocení ..................................................................................................... 104 15. 2 Zasazení do paradigmatického modelu zakotvené teorie ..................................... 107 15. 3 Jednotlivé příběhy participantů ............................................................................ 109 16 Výsledky ....................................................................................................................... 130 17 Diskuze ......................................................................................................................... 141 18 Závěry ........................................................................................................................... 150 Souhrn ................................................................................................................................ 152 Seznam použitých zdrojů a literatury ................................................................................ 155 Seznam obrázků Seznam tabulek Příloha č. 1: Český a cizojazyčný abstrakt diplomové práce Příloha č. 2: Informovaný souhlas Příloha č. 3: Záznamový arch Příloha č. 4: Otázky narativního a semistrukturovaného interview Příloha č. 5: Ukázka kódování dat Úvod Tabernanthe iboga je keřovitá rostlina s psychedelickými vlastnostmi, která původně pochází ze střední a západní Afriky, a jejíž kořen je v těchto oblastech dodnes užíván domorodci za účelem obřadů a přechodových rituálů k navození změněného stavu vědomí od dodání energie a euforie až po vize a setkání se s předky. Užívání ibogy se však postupně rozšířilo do jiných kontinentů včetně Evropy. Poznatky o psychedelických látkách, o jejich bezpečné využitelnosti v duchovním životě, byly využívány po celou dobu lidské evoluce; reaktivita nervové soustavy na tyto látky setrvala, znalosti o zacházení s nimi však zanikají. Psychedelika však ze světa nezmizela ani nezmizí a vzhledem k jejich rychlému šíření by bylo přínosné obnovit tisíciletími ověřené znalosti důkladným studiem. K výběru tématu této diplomové práce mě inspirovala zkušenost určité osoby s užitím této látky, která okamžitě přitáhla mou pozornost; informace o síle účinků této rostliny mě velmi zaujala, a myšlenka zvolit si toto téma v diplomové práci se postupně rozvíjela se zjištěním o potenciální využitelnosti této látky v léčbě závislostí. O této rostlině už bylo mnoho zkoumáno, a to zejména v souvislosti se složením dané látky a již zmíněným vlivem látky na léčbu závislostí.
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