School of International and public Affairs | columbia university | May 2008 SIPAnews

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SIVOLUME XXI No.P 2 MAy 2008A Published biannually by School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University

VOLUME XX No. 2 MAY 2007 Published biannually by School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University

ew York City is the most global of research of students and faculty, but also because From the Dean urban spaces in the United States. it is home to a vast pool of talented and experi- Its historic dynamism arose from enced professionals from which SIPA can select its Nits diversity as a magnet for talent exceptionally distinguished practitioner faculty. within the country and a refuge for waves of In the next few years, SIPA will plan its move aspiring and talented immigrants from every part to a new building in Manhattanville, acquire of the planet. greater financial and academic autonomy, imple- This issue of SIPA News focuses not only on ment a comprehensive curriculum reform, develop New York’s amazing patchwork of languages, new partnerships with The Earth Institute and cultures, and ethnicities, but also on the individual Columbia’s other professional schools, and become lives, communities, and institutions they are build- a key player in Columbia’s globalization efforts. ing, transforming, and rebuilding again. In this SIPA will also deepen its partnerships with institu- vast and fast-changing social landscape, govern- tions around the globe, raise its international research ment leaders and agencies struggle to keep up. profile, incorporate science into its curriculum, create They must anticipate and respond to future needs, interactive classrooms with courses taught simultane- restore but also conserve and protect declining ously at locations abroad, significantly enhance its neighborhoods, provide the essential services that commitment to policy research, teaching, and service keep the city running, and promote the tolerance in New York City, and offer leading scholars, policy- and respect that help people work together. makers, and practitioners new opportunities to col- New York occupies a uniquely central place in laborate with Columbia faculty and students. the developing globalization of U.S. culture, society, Marshalling the human and material resources to economic life, and even politics. As this issue of SIPA turn these goals into realities is an immense challenge. News demonstrates, globalization represents a great Success will make SIPA the top public policy school opportunity for the city, but an opportunity that can on the planet and an essential hub of interdisciplin- be threatened unless great care is taken to protect ary thought and action at Columbia. Fortunately, the human rights of all the people who live here. SIPA has incomparable advantages in working toward SIPA serves New York City by training skilled this goal: its outstanding faculty and superb staff, its professionals who serve the public interest not only enthusiastic and loyal alumni, its growing reputation in city government, state agencies, and regional for excellence, its place at the center of one of the authorities, but also in international organizations, world’s greatest research universities, and its location not-for-profit institutions, and the private business- in the most global of U.S. cities. es large and small that must constantly replenish their human capital to stay afloat and prosper. John H. Coatsworth And the city serves SIPA not only because it Dean provides an immense laboratory for the policy news

contents contents FEATURES p.15 p. 26 Inside SIPA p. 41 p. 45 Citizen Dinkins: Where Mermaids The C. V. Starr The Lisa Anderson p. 2 SIPA News Talks Tread: The p. 38 Scholarship Fund Fellowship Fund to the Former Struggle for the Peace, Love, and a John H. Coatsworth Mayor and Current Soul of Coney Good Tip Appointed Dean Prof about New York Island By Matteen Mokalla and p. 42 p. 46 By Matteen Mokalla and By Paula Margulies of SIPA Nilanjana Pal Alumni Profile: Harvey Picker: Nilanjana Pal Reponding to the SIPA’s Former p. 39 Needs of New Dean and p. 30 York’s Troubled Longtime Friend p. 6 p.18 SIPA in Ten Sufis in the City Brooklyn’s Abu Youth By JoAnn Crawford Astoria: Home Is Years—Radical By Matteen Mokalla Ghraib By Ana Maria Currea Where Your By Annamartine Salick Changes on the Traditions Are Way p. 47 By Jackie Carpenter By Democritos Mavrellis p.10 p. 43 Class Notes Peaceland p. 33 Alumni Profile: Compiled by Tania Tanvir By Nilanjana Pal The Changing p.40 Enhancing New p.22 Scene: Latino York City IMC’s Media Ace New York’s Game Political Preparedness the Retires Goes Global Participation in McSweeney Way p.12 By Leela Parker By David Trilling New York City By Liat Shetret Governing the By Patrick Contreras 21st-Century Global City: p.24 p.41 Lessons from p. 44 “El Campeon de SIPA MPA Alumni New York City p. 36 New $1 Million los Hispanos”: Return to NYC for By Ester R. Fuchs From Civil War to Fellowship Fund at 30th Anniversary How a Daily the American SIPA Newspaper Keeps Dream: Abe Celebration New York City’s Fofanah Is Making By Rebekkah Schear Hispanic Immigrants It in West Harlem Connected By Yoyce Jones By Luis Montero and Julie Payne Punjabi Deli employee Gurjinder Singh sells CDs and samosas at the store on the corner of 1st Avenue and 1st Street.

2 SIPA NEWS Peace, Love,and a Good Tip

A Curbside Chat with New York’s Cabbies By Matteen Mokalla and Nilanjana Pal | Reporting By Jackie Carpenter

very day more than 12,000 commissioned cabs take to the streets of New York to get busy New Yorkers where they need to go. They navigate through New York City’s 322 square miles and transportE millions of the city’s denizens and visitors throughout its five boroughs, 24 hours a day, rain or shine. These cabdrivers and their cars are for many around the world the iconic image of this bustling metropolis.

While it has been said that the men and women who drive these cabs know this city and its peo- ple better than anyone, it cannot be said that much is known about them. What exactly is it that these men (out of approximately 40,000 cabbies, 407 are women) are quietly chatting about on their hands-free mobile phones as they drive New Yorkers about town? Surely politics must be one of the topics of interest. To learn more, the editors of SIPA News went to First Avenue and East First Street to Punjabi Deli, a popular hangout for many of New York’s South Asian cabdrivers, right across the street from Katz’s Delicatessen, to eat and chat with New York’s cabdrivers. During our visit to Punjabi Grocery and Deli, SIPA News met people like Mohammad Rahman, a native of Bangladesh and a 14-year resident of New York who has been driving cabs for eight years. Back home he worked in the travel industry, but he says he loves living here in New York. When pressed, he says his only complaint is the high cost of living. He supports Hillary Clinton in the com- ing election because, in his view, the current administration has tarnished its image with far too many mendacities: “This current government has not been so good in their actions,” he told SIPA News.

SIPA NEWS 3 reporters is Iranian-American, he turned his atten- tion quickly to the Iranian nuclear program and Taxi Drivers on U.S. Politics questioned the intelligence of America’s current policy in aiding Israel. “Iran has the right to peaceful nuclear weapons; why should I or the If he were to advise Senator Clinton on her foreign U.S. deny you [Iran] that right? It only serves to make more enemies.” On the question of Israel he said, policy, “the first thing I would do would be to leave “Israel is the central problem when it comes to small countries alone. Why does the United States the Middle East. We spend billions and billions of dollars to protect them and we get nothing in return.” need to control everything?” — Mohammad Khandaker Many of the drivers we spoke to had a passion to talk about their native countries. When asked about his native Pakistan, Awan characterized the “‘Senator Clinton and her husband are very smart,’ Bush administration’s support for President Wahid [a driver from Cairo] said, but he finds them, Musharraf as a “blunder” and pointed out that “not one person in Pakistan supports Musharraf. The in general, to be disingenuous. Barack Obama would Americans have not paid any attention to our [the be different because he could get ‘all the countries Pakistani people’s] psychology. They teach a few elites and don’t teach the whole class.” Referring together with a simple smile.’” to the results from the early 2008 elections in Pakistan, Awan said this was the strongest proof that Musharraf did not enjoy popular support there. “They tell too many lies. Senator Clinton would be (he provided only his first name), a native of “Senators Clinton and Obama represent posi- different.” Pakistan who has been living in the United States tive change and give everyone hope.” But they Indeed, almost all the cabdrivers we spoke to for 20 years and who supports Senator Clinton. must be careful to avoid the mistakes of previous expressed a longing for the Clinton era, with many While Awan believes that Senator Obama has the administrations, Awan cautioned. He referred to a of them claiming to have been more prosperous intelligence and leadership qualities to be a suc- recent New York Times Magazine article, “Who during the 1990s when Bill Clinton occupied the cessful president, he expressed doubts over how Shrunk the Superpower?” (“written by an Indian,” Oval Office. Hillary Clinton, it seems, has benefited effective Obama might be against Senator he told the other SIPA News reporter—who is from a Bill halo effect. Mohammad Khandaker, McCain. “This country will choose McCain over from India). Awan agreed with the central premise who has lived in the U.S. for nine years and has Obama; even though I think Obama is the better of the article: the U.S. needs to pay attention to worked as a cabdriver for just one year, exempli- leader, the Americans will choose the white man.” the rise of Asian powers such as China and India. fied this attitude. He told SIPA News that he Although most of the cabbies SIPA News “They [the U.S.] are no longer the biggest guys. firmly supports the Democrats and Hillary Clinton. spoke to supported Hillary Clinton, there were The American GPA is declining and the image of “She was a great first lady and has plenty of expe- some men who were adamant supporters of the U.S. abroad is suffering.” Awan believes the rience,” he said. “I loved Bill Clinton, and I Barack Obama. Wahid (he declined to give his way to reverse this trend is to pull out of Iraq haven’t changed my feelings about the Clintons.” last name), a driver from Cairo, insisted that he immediately. “The U.S. is being viewed as an Khandaker has high hopes for a second Clinton and most of his Egyptian friends would definitely invader, not a liberator!” Awan ended our conver- era and was quick to offer the New York senator support the senator from Illinois. sation by saying, “the way to conquer the world is some advice should she become the next presi- While at first Wahid said he would only talk until to conquer people’s hearts.” dent. “She should be more like Bill,” Khandaker he had finished his cigarette, 10 minutes after his In stark contrast to the insightful, if slightly said. “She should take a policy of nonviolence last puff, he was still pontificating on America, cynical Awan, Ricky, from Punjab in Northern and try to make the world more peaceful.” Obama, Israel, and the Iranian nuclear program. India, claimed he has no interest in politics, espe- However, if he were to advise Senator Clinton Like many of the other cabdrivers, Wahid’s cially U.S. politics. But that didn’t stop him from on her foreign policy, he told SIPA News, “the biggest concern right now is the reputation of the taking a stab at public policy analysis. Ricky told first thing I would do would be to leave small U.S. around the world because of the wars waged SIPA News that if he were mayor of New York, the countries alone. Why does the United States need by the Bush administration in Afghanistan and first thing he would want to do is ban all trucks to control everything?” Iraq. He thinks Clinton “talks the talk of peace from entering the city. Once that was accom- When asked why he thinks only Clinton would be but doesn’t necessarily walk the walk.” “Senator plished, he would impose a ban on drivers from able to change the direction of the United States, Clinton and her husband are very smart,” Wahid New Jersey. What if he were president? That’s Khandaker said that it came down to the fact that said, but he finds them, in general, to be disin- easy. “No war,” he says. Clinton is the only person in the race left that he genuous. Barack Obama would be different feels can beat the Republican Senator John McCain. because he could get “all the countries together Matteen Mokalla is a second-year Middle East “Barack is black and Muslim [Obama is with a simple smile.” Wahid added that he was concentrator and co-editor of SIPA News. He is Christian, but many rumor Web sites have falsely confident that Obama “wouldn’t engage in any originally from Napa, California. labeled him Muslim because of his middle name, more wars.” In Wahid’s view this would be a good Nilanjana Pal is a second-year International Hussein], and with those qualities he cannot beat thing, since “today, perhaps even on Mars, the Security Policy concentrator and co-editor of SIPA McCain in this country.” U.S. has a very bad reputation.” News. She is originally from Kolkata, India. The same sentiments were echoed by Awan When Wahid learned that one of SIPA News’

4 SIPA NEWS Clockwise from top: A taxi cab parking lot at the La Guardia Airport in Queens, New York; Mohammad Rahman, taxi driver; aerial view of Times Square; Ricky Singh, taxi driver

SIPA NEWS 5 Sufis in the City By Matteen Mokalla

Now that my eyes are open to them, I find them everywhere I go in the city—selling clothes and bags to tourists on Fifth Avenue, driving cabs, running their own businesses, and among my colleagues at Columbia. I see that last name, Mbacke, and immediately think of Sheikh Amadou Bamba Mbacke, the Muslim holy man of Senegal, the poet and Sufi murshid (guide), who in the late 19th century assembled the believers of Mouridism, one the two largest Sufi orders in Senegal, to help rid the nation of their French colonizers. On a random Thursday evening, I see his name again, on the identity placard posted on the back of a New York City cab. “You are from Senegal aren’t you?” I ask. “Yes, he replies with great surprise. “You are a Mouride? A follower of Bamba?” “Yes! He was my grandfather.” We exchange some pleasantries in broken Arabic. “I am learning Arabic so I can understand the Koran better,” he tells me, “Don’t worry,” I say, “I am only learning too.” $10 later plus a tip, and I am home again.

6 SIPA NEWS Moeutar Mbacke prays outside Sopey Chekhoul Khadim. Like many other Mourides, he is a descendent of Sheikh Amadou Bamba Mbacke, the founder of Mouridism.

SIPA NEWS 7 right in the heart of West Harlem. resistance against the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The artwork featuring the iconic A few centuries later, it was again at the center image of Sheikh Bamba and his white of the fight for political and social justice, this garb is scattered throughout the time against the colonial rule of France. It was neighborhood. Senegalese Muslims around this time that Sheikh Amadou Bamba casually walk the streets and chat Mbacke, through his preaching, his activism, with one another before going about and his poetry, became the beloved man that he their day’s business. Senegalese is today for Senegal’s millions of Mourides, the women wearing beautiful head-cov- Sufi order that he founded. ering garments stroll by the countless Back in West Harlem, inside the Islamic African-owned stores and restaurants store, where a large tapestry of Bamba is ever plastered with signs advocating present, one is immediately surrounded by the Barack Obama for president and urg- sounds of Wolof (one of the dialects spoken in ing residents to keep an eye out for a Senegal), Arabic, and French. As a recording of wanted felon. While many of these the Koran plays in the background, Imam Abo women are just going about their Sylla, 37, from Touba, can be seen running daily shopping, some stop and drop around the backroom of the store, which serves A woman walks down the street in the area known as Little Senegal. off their children to learn Arabic at as a meeting place and prayer area. If Sheikh Sopey Chekhoul Khadim, an Islamic Bamba was right when he famously declared, book store and meeting place for the “To work is to pray,” Sheikh Imam Sylla is pray- What many fail to consider is that Islam can Mouride brotherhood, which is believed to be ing very hard. He is tending to the children, lis- be and often is practiced in many ways. In his one of the largest Sufi communities in New York. tening to the concerns of some of the men, seminal work on the coming of the faith to Iran, The tradition of Islam in Senegambia—the helping to run the all-volunteer shop, and per- Islam: The View from the Edge, Columbia Professor land that comprises the modern nation states of forming his required prayers, all while trying to Richard Bulliet argues that although Islam began Senegal and Gambia—began around the 13th give me an interview for SIPA News. with Arab tribes in Mecca and Medina, the faith century when Arab traders began commercial ties Since the imam is temporarily unavailable, flourished under various peoples from Europe, with western Africa. These traders brought with Khouye Sarr, the assistant general secretary of the Africa, and Asia. These people made Islam their them their faith and thus began the process of store, steps in to help out. Sarr, who lives at a own, oftentimes taking the new faith and meld- conversion. But Senegal, which today is 90 to 95 community house for Mourides on 137th Street, ing it with their own local traditions. That is percent Muslim, did not become Muslim over- is eager to tell me about his faith and his experi- why travelers to Shiraz, Cairo, Jakarta, or Touba night. As Professor Mamadou Diouf, director of ence with it. He is happy that I am interested in in central Senegal (the holiest city for Mourides the Institute of African Studies at SIPA, says, “It Sheikh Bamba: “He is more than a king,” he tells besides Mecca and Medina) will see such vast was a long process of conversion that was only me. I am curious though about his experience as a differences in the practice of Islam. Of an esti- achieved upon the completion of colonial rule. Muslim in New York; surely the practice of his mated 1.1 to 1.8 billion believers, the Arab com- But it was not a conversion by means of conquest.” faith must be different here as opposed to in munity now constitutes only 20 percent. In Senegambia, by the mid 15th century, Senegal. “Living in Senegal is the best,” he says, Today, a short stroll across Morningside Park Islam was no longer exclusively taught by the “but, of course, I like it here in New York.” He just west of Columbia University leads into Le learned Arab men of the faith, but instead by the says that after 9/11 the Senegalese Muslim com- Petit Senegal, a stretch of West 116th Street non-Arab Africans who were rising to prominent munity did not face problems, unlike many in the between Malcolm X Boulevard and St. Nicholas positions such as advisors to the kings. By the Arab and South Asian communities. “Back home Avenue. Here one can see the diversity of Islam 17th century, Islam was at the center of the they told me to be careful and that Americans

8 SIPA NEWS “We have freedom here, I do my thing, and others do their thing. Masjed [mosque] here and church there, we all get along. That’s why I love New York.”

were different. They said, ‘watch out they [the a Christian?’ I would look at the benefits of both there, we all get along. That’s why I love New police] will take you to jail for no reason.’ But religions, and I decided Islam was best for me.” York.” He tells me that at first New York took when I came here I learned, if you don’t do any- Like his friend Khouye Sarr, Ndeya donates as some getting used to and notes that he has met thing against the law, if you just focus on your much money as he can to his faith community. many people who say, “I am a Muslim,” but who work, you will have no problems.” When I ask, he is more than eager to show me don’t really follow Islam. That, coupled with all And Sarr has good reason to think highly of some lectures about Islam and Mouridism in the drinking, and less modest dress of New New York. When he first came to America three English. As I watch one of the videotaped lec- Yorkers were a definite change from Senegal. years ago, he was pleased to see that July 28 in tures, Sarr assures me he can bring me a tape in Nonetheless, he says the problems of his commu- New York City is officially “Sheikh Bamba Day,” Persian if I would like. “We have people here who nity are similar to those back in Senegal, because where every year a parade is held that goes from speak many different languages,” he says. the basics of life remain the same. Whenever 110th Street all the way to the Federal Building When Imam Abo Sylla emerges from his someone comes to him with problems, he applies on 125th Street in Harlem. As Sarr notes with a duties, he is happy to see me and answer my the same techniques of comfort that he used in beaming smile on his face, “why would the police questions. He has spent the last three years in Detroit or in Touba. “I go to the Koran and I bother us? The police protect our entire parade!” New York City and, prior to that, six years in teach,” he says. “The best lessons are there.” As I wait for my interview with the imam, I Detroit. He loves America, he says, because “we cannot help but make a few observations about have freedom here, I do my thing, and others do Abu Ndeya, one of the volunteers at the Mourides whom I meet. I am the only non- their thing. Masjed [mosque] here and church Sopey Chekhoul Khadim. black person in the store and prayer area that afternoon, but I never feel out of place. Sarr says that everyone is welcome to pray and join the Mouridiya and notes that their community in New York has white and African-American members. Throughout the afternoon, men and women pop in and out of the store and prayer area, chat with each other for a bit, shake hands, and are off. Whenever I am acknowl- edged, it is with an extended hand and a friendly, salam ‘aleikum (peace be with you). For many of the Senegalese Mourides who come to New York, the experience of the city makes them “better Muslims.” One man, Abu Ndeya, says that when he first came here eight years ago, he realized that he would have to work much harder than he did back home. In Senegal, “I went to school and then played foot- ball [soccer] all the time.” But in New York all he does is work, volunteer at the store, and then go home to read the Koran. He tells me that before coming to America he would always ask ques- tions about religion. “I used to ask my parents, ‘why should I be a Mouride? Why shouldn’t I be

SIPA NEWS 9 PeacelandBy Nilanjana Pal

Farah Taslima reached tentatively for a sip “The original composition is about two-and-a- of her hot chocolate as she waited for my next question. I smiled at the poised 12-year-old half to three minutes long, but they didn’t have girl sitting across from me in Lerner Hall and realized I would not want to be anywhere else all the instruments, so they played a basic ver- on a rainy Sunday afternoon. Here was the composer of “Serenity Unleashed,” a tiny gem sion, which sounds sweeter, less in your face, of a piece that was performed by the New York Philharmonic during its historic visit to North and not as full as the original.” Korea last winter. The composition was played on February 27, a day after the main concert at the East Pyongyang Grand Theatre, which was broadcast (supposedly) all over North Korea and to the rest of the world. Jon Deak, associate principal bassist of the Philharmonic and an active participant in its Education Program, described the moments leading up to the performance of “Serenity Unleashed” in an interview with the Guardian: “At the conclusion of the performance, Mr. Dicterow [the concertmaster] gestured to me and, shaking, I brought up to the stage an original composition by a young girl from a New York school, which she’d dedicated ‘To the children of Korea.’ She is Farah Taslima, an American, born in Bangladesh. The Americans and Koreans then sight-read it perfectly. I told them it was a gift from the heart of one child to another.” When I asked Farah what she thought was the most important part of the New York Philharmonic’s visit to North Korea, she said it was the opportunity to teach the children in that country that they too can compose music that is then played by one of the world’s leading orchestras. “Who says you can’t do anything just because you are 12? I am an example of how you Farah Taslima, the 12-year-old New York schoolgirl who composed a piece for the New York Philharmonic’s historic visit can take all the noises you hear around you and to North Korea this year. turn it into music. The kids in North Korea who

10 SIPA NEWS heard my piece loved it.” By all accounts, Farah’s composition was a big hit in North Korea, but can music transcend the rift between that coun- try and the United States? Certainly, this idea of using music as a dip- lomatic tool did not originate recently, and the New York Philharmonic is not the first major U.S. orchestra to participate in such an exchange. In September 1956, the Boston Symphony toured the Soviet Union as part of an effort to expose that country to the outside world, and the New York Philharmonic fol- lowed soon after, with a visit to the Soviet Union in 1959. Then, of course, there’s the famous “ping-pong diplomacy” of the 1970s that marked a thaw in relations between China and the U.S. and paved the way for the Philadelphia Orchestra’s performance there in 1973. How successful these visits were in introducing Members of the New York Philharmonic orchestra leave their Asiana airlines charter flight after arriving at Pyongyang airport for their inaugural performance in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang on February 25, 2008. The concert on new ideas and promoting “openness” in these soci- February 26 represents an unprecedented cultural exchange between North Korea and the United States. eties is subject to debate—the Cold War contin- ued until the end of the 1980s and China remains irresolutely under Communist rule. Nor are there grown up in a different city? Faced with a question composition repeatedly, trying to “figure out if any delusions of achieving a breakthrough in rela- she had not yet encountered in her interviews, the name felt right.” Eventually she settled on its tions between the U.S. and North Korea as a result she was momentarily perplexed. “But I would not present title because it describes the composi- of the Philharmonic’s visit. Orchestra members have learned music if I wasn’t in school here!” Farah tion: “quiet in the beginning, a lot of noise at the are optimistic but realistic about the effect of this doesn’t think it’s possible to have the same breadth climax, and then letting out at the end, becom- exchange, as Jon Deak is quick to point out. of programs and teachers anywhere else in the ing quiet again.” But the New York Philharmonic is not just world. It was through a composition class (support- New York City is Farah’s home, the an orchestra; it’s an institution, which is perhaps ed by the Philharmonic) for public schools in New only place she has ever known, but she was why the North Korean government invited it York City that Farah had the opportunity to devel- inspired to write her composition by the imag- to Pyongyang in the first place. Diplomatic op her aptitude for writing music. These musicians ined sounds of her parents’ home country, relations may be initiated in Washington and identified her talent and then nurtured her growth Bangladesh. Although she has never been back then implemented by State Department offi- as a musician and composer by encouraging her to to Bangladesh since she arrived in this country cials, but that need not be the only avenue for draw from the images and sounds around her and as a baby, she has grown up listening to her building bridges between countries. Where the translate these into music. parents’ stories of the noise and bustle of the traditional language of diplomacy has failed, And while the 106 members of the orchestra chaotic streets of Dhaka, the many quiet, peace- music has often stepped in to fill the role. And are by no means ordinary, to Farah, they are ful rivers; and images of boats, green fields, and perhaps no one understood this quite as well as her friends and mentors, people who care about fishermen. In her composition class, teachers the legendary Leonard Bernstein, conductor of (and understand) her interest in classical music. from the Philharmonic encouraged Farah to the New York Philharmonic from 1958 to 1969. There’s a sense of camaraderie among classi- capture what she felt when she heard about the In December 1989, Bernstein conducted the cal musicians of all ages in this city, and the sounds and images of life in her father’s home now-iconic Freiheitskonzert (Freedom Concert) New York Philharmonic is at the center of that town, and after several tries at the recorder, on both sides of the Berlin Wall, as it was being community. Particularly through its Education “Peaceland” was born. dismantled. The concerts were unprecedented Department, the New York Philharmonic has While its new title sounds surprisingly sophis- gestures of cooperation, the musicians represent- transcended age barriers, and Farah hopes her ticated for a 12-year-old, it created unprecedent- ing the former East Germany, West Germany, composition may inspire North Korean children ed challenges in North Korea. The interpreter did and the four powers that had partitioned Berlin to do the same. not know how to translate “unleashed” in Korean after World War II. She wrote the music for “Serenity Unleashed” and it was difficult to explain the meaning of the The New York Philharmonic seems particu- when she was in fifth grade (two years ago) word. The Korean translator was perplexed: was larly well placed for this type of cultural diploma- and remembers when it was first played by this related to “freedom?” Did it mean “escape?” cy, being from a city that is uniquely American and the Philharmonic at one of its Young People’s How can you “free” serenity? But once the four yet quintessentially global. No other orchestra in Concerts. But why did she choose this particular musicians from the New York Philharmonic and the world can lay claim to such an enviable home- phrase as the title of her composition? Farah their four North Korean counterparts picked up town. But I wondered if this was my newfound first named it “Peaceland,” which was surpris- their bows and started performing in unison, it (but misplaced) New Yorker pride speaking and ingly prescient of its future debut in a land that didn’t matter. asked Farah the same question. What if she had is not quite at peace yet. She then heard her

SIPA NEWS 11 Governing the 21st-Century Global City: Lessons from New York City By Ester R. Fuchs

Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg delivers his State of the City address in Brooklyn in January 2007.

12 SIPA NEWS hen Mayor Michael Bloomberg took office in January Improving the city’s public schools has been a signature issue for Mayor Bloomberg. The city now 2002, New York City was only beginning to recover from has direct control of its school system for the first the devastating terrorist attack on its World Trade Center. time. The mayor has taken decisive action restruc- turing the entire system: ending “social promo- Many experts believed that New York’s economy would tion” in the third, fifth, and seventh grades; giving W struggling students intensive intervention during never rebound, and even the Federal Reserve Bank was telling the the school day, after school, on weekends, and in financial service sector to decentralize its operations—which in effect the summer; creating a citywide core curriculum meant moving its jobs out of the city. The mayor responded defiantly for literacy and math; providing math and reading coaches, conducting interim assessments, estab- that “New York was open for business.” At a critical time in its history, lishing classroom libraries, and offering intensive New York City was fortunate to have a mayor who had the wisdom and professional development for teachers and princi- pals. Test scores overall are at record highs. the courage to lead. Instead of giving in to fear and defeatism, Mayor In New York City mass transit is administered Bloomberg chose to invest in the public sector and outlined a bold by the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA). It was created in 1968 to unify regional mass transit vision for a 21st-century New York City that embraced accountability, policy for the city and seven suburban counties. economic growth, and livability. New York’s subway and bus system is one of the best in the world; the city, however, still bears a disproportionate fiscal burden for mass transit. In order for New York City to thrive as a sus- regulations will always have a competitive advan- New York is revitalizing its waterfront in all tainable global city in the 21st century, it must tage over modern democratic cities. New York has five boroughs. Learning much from Sydney’s be a place where working people want to live and developed a strategy for succeeding in the global creative mixed-use approach, New York has also businesses want to locate. economy, without relying on that simple unsus- developed 260 acres of new parkland and a $400 There is a certain irony in discussing the chal- tainable formula as the cost of doing business. million capital plan to renovate existing parks, ball lenges that a growing global city must face. With By considering the specific elements of New fields and playgrounds. The mayor’s initiative on real estate values increasing, affordable housing York’s economic development, job growth, and glob- affordable housing promises 165,000 units over becomes a politically charged issue and housing al competitiveness strategies under Mayor Michael ten years. It leverages $200 million of support can become too expensive, creating an added Bloomberg, other global cities can learn from New from leading banks, tax-free housing bonds, inclu- burden on the middle class taxpayer. There is York’s successes and continuing challenges. sionary zoning that provides a 33 percent bonus increasing demand for public transportation and in floor space for private developers of affordable for updating and expanding infrastructure for Lesson 1: Quality of life services or what we units, and grant money from the state and federal new roads, sewers, clean water, and clean air. call “livability initiatives” must be a critical part government. Maintaining the balance between development of any city’s strategic plan for economic growth. and open space is also an extraordinary challenge. Livability means safety and security, qual- Yet, as the mayor of New York is fond of saying, it Lesson 2: Government must be accessible ity public schools, affordable housing, efficient is infinitely preferable to the alternative—declin- to individuals and businesses and accountable for mass transit, and open space. According to FBI ing property values, making policy and planning high quality effective services. statistics, New York City remains the safest big for a city in decline, a city where business and Mayor Bloomberg developed a customer ser- city in America, with crime steadily declining and the middle class are leaving. vice approach to city government through the homicides at their lowest number since 1963. A Yet, the challenge remains. The old formula creation of the 311 telephone information and new Real-Time Crime Center uses technology to of providing tax abatements to business cannot complaint line. 311 gives residents a 24-hour, put millions of criminal records a phone call away really work for American cities. Tax abatements seven-day-a-week service, where information from detectives so they can stop crime spikes can always be undercut by a neighboring or very about city government is available from a real from becoming trends. The city has also become a distant competitor in the global economy. Cities in person and with an average waiting time of only national leader in Homeland Security by establish- authoritarian developing nations that have cheap 30 seconds. 311 can also be translated into 170 ing its own counterterrorism bureau with 1,000 labor, cheap land, and little or no environmental languages and averages more than 40,000 calls police officers.

SIPA NEWS 13 jobs. Half of the 4,500 units to be built will be affordable housing, and a community benefits agreement will ensure minority contractors get a substantial amount of the work.

Lesson 5: Finally, economic growth must be financially sustainable. This will involve cost sharing with state government, the national gov- ernment, and regional partners, especially for building and maintaining infrastructure. New York City has a $53 billion budget with responsibility for an extraordinary range of servic- es from police, fire, and sanitation to education, community development, planning, and human services. It taxes property, personal income, and businesses and can borrow money for operating as well as capital expenses. At the same time, more than half of New York’s budget is nondiscretionary or mandated expenditures. New York offers a cautionary tale for other When Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced that the city was adopting a 311 hotline for public complaints, he global cities. What appears to the casual observer promoted it as a way to help New Yorkers navigate the hurdle-strewn path to city services. A pothole getting attention as extraordinary local autonomy is in reality a con- in Manhattan after a caller complained to New York’s 311 hotline. stant struggle with its state and the federal gov- ernment for its fair share of government resources. a day. It is also a powerful management tool that workforce training facilities, and placement ser- New York City pays more than $13 billion in fed- gives government a better idea where problems vices. They also help entrepreneurs find out what eral taxes than it receives from federal spending are. 311 has helped lead to the cleanest streets regulatory requirements they must complete to and $11 billion more in state taxes than it gets in 30 years, faster action on potholes, and better start a business. back in state funding. access for businesses and individuals to govern- What can global cities learn from New York? ment services. To ensure economic growth and competitiveness, Lesson 4: Land use planning must engage cities must promote quality of life initiatives that community residents, business, and government are developed with the broadest possible public Lesson 3: Government must be business in a politically legitimate process. engagement. At the same time, government must friendly and support workforce development initia- Since difficult decisions will have to be made create a business-friendly environment, which tives that target training programs to the needs of that balance the need for economic development includes the efficient delivery of public services. the business community and in economic sectors with environmental sustainability, open space with But for economic growth to be sustainable, gov- projected for growth. density, and citywide interests with the interests of ernment leaders must guarantee that costs are In 2003, New York City consolidated its local communities, successful planning will ulti- shared equitably across the region, the state, and employment department with its Small Business mately depend on the leadership of elected officials. the nation. Services Agency so that the city could offer One interesting example of balanced develop- industry specific training programs. It has already ment is the $2.5 billion Atlantic Yards project Ester R. Fuchs is professor of public affairs helped more than 3,000 businesses hire 10,000 in Brooklyn. This has been a highly contentious and political science at Columbia University and workers. More than 2 million New Yorkers work development, which has gone through New York’s director of the Urban Policy concentration at for small businesses that employ fewer than 100 planning process. The project includes a Frank SIPA. She served as special advisor to the mayor people. New York has targeted services to assist Gehry–designed world-class arena that would be for Governance and Strategic Planning under small businesses through its Business Solutions the home of the Brooklyn Nets, along with com- Mayor Bloomberg from 2001 to 2005. Centers and has developed a 311 for small mercial, retail, and six acres of new public open businesses that serves as an Internet portal for space. The development will span 21 acres and business interaction with government. Services is adjacent to Atlantic Terminal. The project is include marketing classes, one-on-one financial expected to create more than 12,000 construc- counseling, information on government grants, tion jobs and approximately 8,500 permanent

14 SIPA NEWS Citizen Dinkins SIPA News Talks to the Former Mayor and Current Prof about New York

Interview by Matteen Mokalla and Nilanjana Pal

SIPA NEWS 15 hen one walks into David Dinkins office, it is very clear that he has done great things in his life and has made many friends in the process. The room leading into his office is adorned with countless plaques Wand awards (he has been awarded too many to display on his wall, we learn during our visit, and more plaques are stored at his home). Step into the room where he does his work, and your eyes will turn imme- diately to a myriad of photographs. There’s one of Dinkins with Colin Powell, Dinkins with both Bill and Hillary Clinton, Dinkins and Nelson Mandela. There is no doubt that Dinkins has worn several hats in his long life: he is now 81 years old, has been an activist, a lawyer, a husband, a father, a grandfather, and now a SIPA professor. This last job is one that he truly loves: “What better laboratory for a student to learn in than New York?” he tells us. In New York City, everyone knows him, after all, as the mayor. In almost any other city in the world that may not be a big deal, but here the mayor is the person in charge of governing a city with a population larger than that of countries such as Denmark, Jordan, or Ireland. Contained within five very different boroughs, New York is a city with a diverse population and a rich culture—it is a city that truly matters.

We want to know more about you as a Are their any jazz players in particular that It’s a great city; we have almost as many eth- Q: citizen here in New York. Are you a Mets Q: you like? nic identities here as there are member states or Yankees fan? of the United Nations. That’s why when I They are all mainly gone, but I was a big was a kid in school, they used to say, “this I am a Brooklyn Dodgers fan. In my day the A: Billie Holiday fan. In the old days you city is a melting pot.” But I prefer to say that A: rivalry was between the Dodgers and the could go to 52nd Street and buy a beer for it is a gorgeous mosaic. That’s also why we Giants. It was all National League; we didn’t 75 cents and stand at the bar and catch the have a parade about every hour-and-a-half. care about the American League. We didn’t whole show. I also think Ella Fitzgerald could care about the Yankees in the ’40s and ’50s. sing the telephone book and people would As mayor of New York City, you have We used to say the Giants were all right, listen. I have a fondness for Lena Horne, Q: responsibilities that mayors of other cities but it’s just their fans. Today I am a fan of all who is still with us. such as Tokyo, Dallas, or Toronto do not New York teams. have because New York is such an interna- Do you have a particular borough you tional city. Can you talk about this? One of the articles in this issue of SIPA News Q: prefer? Q: is about the New York Philharmonic going The mayor traditionally marches in all to North Korea. We are curious. Are you a I was the Manhattan borough president, so I A: parades. My staff used to put me in the classical music fan? An opera fan? Or do you A: have a fondness for Manhattan. But as mayor national attire for the country that was orga- prefer other types of music? I came to appreciate all the boroughs, even nizing the parade. One year, I think it might Staten Island, where I received very few votes. have been a Korean parade, and the attire I am not an opera fan like Mayor Giuliani The city is like our country—you can travel from countries like that are comfortable and A: is. I like music, but I like jazz and blues. I around the country and find beautiful places. loose fitting. I showed up at the start line to am on the Board of the Jazz Foundation of You can be helicoptered into places here march in the parade and every living soul America. in this city blindfolded, and you wouldn’t came in Western attire, suits, and ties. But be able to tell if you are in Louisiana or it was a hot, humid day in New York, and I Connecticut. Right here in Manhattan, we was more comfortable than they were! have places that look like suburbia.

16 SIPA NEWS I have always been a fan of the United when I was in school. The course I teach is You have said that you can’t take credit for Nations, recognizing some of its weaknesses, “Critical Issues in Urban Policy.” I also invite Q: everything because it takes lots of people to but realizing that if we didn’t have it we guest lecturers to my class. My course is not run a city like New York. But let’s say you would still need something like it. Some of required for the degree. Therefore, when I could snap your fingers and change anything my predecessors have not been too fond of get somewhere between 40 and 60 students, you wanted about New York City overnight. the UN. One former mayor said we should I know they are there because they want to What would be the first thing you would do? level it and make it a parking lot. But when be. They know who I am and what my phi- we took office, the city was in such dire fiscal losophy is. My students are terrific. Education and health care are way up high straits that we were concerned about a vari- A: on my list. Mayor Bloomberg has made great ety of things, including the UN. It’s not writ- strides, imperfect to be sure, but this is so ten anywhere that the UN has to be in this important. Just today I was in the Westbury country, let alone New York. But we would Friends School and I told the children have lost a lot of jobs and lot of revenue The city is like our country— there, “All over the world, in Europe, Asia, without its presence here. and Africa, kids just like you are going to you can travel around the be tomorrow’s leaders. That’s why you are International tourism is a big deal in this city, so important.” And I believe this. I try to too. Take the U.S. Open; in two weeks it country and find beautiful instill in children self-confidence and pride. generates more revenue in the city than the I always tell kids, “You are as good as any- Yankees, Mets, Knicks, and Rangers com- places. You can be helicop- body and better than most.” I also tell them, bined in a half season. I believe the figure tered into places here in “Don’t be a bully because it’s uncool.” I don’t is between $450 and $500 million, because know if every child listens, but you can people come and stay in hotels and eat at our this city blindfolded, and always get your message through to one or restaurants. Mike [Mayor Bloomberg] under- two. stands this and comes out to the Open every you wouldn’t be able to tell single year. He even stays there all night. If you were put in a time machine and you Mayor Giuliani, on the other hand, did not if you are in Louisiana or Q: arrived in New York 50 years from now, come out once in eight years. He didn’t even what do you think the biggest changes come out the night we dedicated the stadium Connecticut. Right here in would be in New York City? to Arthur Ashe. Manhattan, we have places I certainly intend to be around in 50 years! Do you have good relationships with the A: I hope that there would be a city where all Q: former mayors of New York? It is such a that look like suburbia. kids are educated, irrespective of income, small brotherhood, after all. and there would be universal health care. I would hope there would be an absence of I have a strong relationship with Mayor bigotry. A: Bloomberg, who has asked me to serve on sev- eral task forces and so forth. I get along with As mayor you must have learned so much But we have been making progress on that Mayor Koch, even though I defeated him in a Q: every day about urban policy and running front. When I was born in 1927, we were primary. I flew with Mayor Bloomberg up to a city. It must be difficult to try to translate told, “You Negroes shouldn’t be so pushy. David Patterson’s inauguration. Ed and I get experience into the classroom. What is your They only lynched five last year.” That’s how along, even though we don’t agree with each strategy to impart your knowledge? they said things back then. I hope we come other on everything. We both love the city, to a time where, as Dr. King said, “We will and that’s what matters. One, you can’t teach everything anyhow. be judged by the content of our character A: Even if I were an expert, and I don’t profess and not the color of our skin.” What can you teach about public policy in to be, you can’t explain how things happen Q: New York City, given that so much of your and you can’t do everything by yourself. expertise is dependent on experience? Anything I was able to achieve while I was in office is due in part to the team of won- What I teach them is, in the end, from expe- derful people I had with me. You need good, A: rience and not from books. I love the stu- dedicated, committed people—that’s what I dents, and they are a lot smarter than I was would remind the students.

SIPA NEWS 17 Astoria: Home Is Where Your Traditions Are

By Jackie Carpenter | Photos by David Trilling “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody,” wrote legendary urban philosopher Jane Jacobs more than 50 years ago, “only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.” Jacobs had insights like these while watching the West Village from her apartment window, at a time when the neighborhood was still home to many Italian and Irish immigrants. From there she celebrated the community and social atten- tiveness of ethnic, working class neighborhoods everywhere. Society’s newest members, it seemed to her, were the greatest assets to its urban landscape. They created the city, too, even if they had just arrived. a Today, immigrants continue to create New York. They pro- East River just across the Queensboro Bridge, that is less obvi- vide the five boroughs with a deep and abiding international ously foreign, but just as rich in its diversity. Astoria, in Queens, flavor, each in their own way. Although gentrification and has hosted innumerable waves of immigration in the last 80 economics have moved the ethnic working class solidly out of years, including Germans, Italians, Irish, Greeks, South Asians, Manhattan, it is alive and well in the outer boroughs, where you Egyptians, and, finally, former Yugoslavians. With its hodgepodge can emerge from the R train in Jackson Heights or the D train in of prewar apartment buildings, renovated row houses, and brick Brighton Beach and feel as though you have stepped into New tenements, it is an unassuming but dignified riverside outpost Delhi or Soviet Russia. where housing is cheaper, the city is nearby, and excellent Greek There is another neighborhood, however, on the banks of the souvlaki is around the corner.

18 SIPA NEWS SIPA NEWS 19 Although changed by its newcomers, Astoria and someone had jokingly placed a snowball in and urbanists have a more general explanation has been left intact at the same time. Its interna- the philosopher’s upturned hand. for the phenomenon of immigrant neighbor- tional identity runs deep but is not worn on its We had come across Athens Square Park, hoods. The cultural familiarity of these enclaves sleeve, and its immigrant treasures require a which commemorates the Greek era of Astoria shelters newcomers from the pressures of rapid careful eye to find. But they are there, and dis- immediately following the Immigration Act of change, they say, and provides the emotional covering them is the thrill of walking around 1965. The Act allowed the issuance of an unlim- security necessary for movement up the eco- immigrant neighborhoods like Astoria, and one ited number of family reunification visas, and nomic ladder. The Greeks of Astoria have appar- of the joys of being in New York. Greeks poured into Astoria at a rate of 15,000 ently made that journey, because they have been We began our undirected tour of Astoria on a per year after it was passed. Dmitri Pinos, a leaving the neighborhood in droves over the last dreary winter day with snow still lining the side- 53-year-old grocery clerk from Tripolis who decade. This, too, is a typical phenomenon of walks. The N train deposited us at 30th Avenue arrived in Astoria in 1979, belongs to this wave immigrant neighborhoods everywhere. Astoria’s and Broadway, in the middle of a typical, squat of immigrants. As he manned the feta and sau- Greeks have made enough money in coffee borough-like neighborhood, with delis and diners sage counter at Mediterranean Foods, a Greek shops and construction to move to more spa- stretching out on either side of the great arch of grocery store tucked around the corner from cious homes in Bayside in Queens or Roslyn on the elevated subway tracks. Within a block of the Athens Park, he told me why, and when, New Long Island. As they recede from the neighbor- station, though, we came across our first immi- York began to feel like home. “When your chil- hood, they leave behind unique landmarks that grant landmark, which is usually some incongru- dren are born here,” he said, “then you feel like nonetheless blend into the landscape more and ous thing—a sculpture or an odd storefront—that you are more here than there.” He let me sample more as successive immigrant groups move in. tells you a neighborhood has a distinctly non- a Cypriot-style olive, and before long he sent One of those groups is Bosnians from the for- American influence. In this case, it was a small, me packing with some briny giardiniera, a chunk mer Yugoslavia. Their migration to Astoria in corner park. At the front of the park stood a six- of feta dodonis, and spicy ajvar. When I asked him the early 1990s presents one of the common foot Athena in a warrior’s helmet, and at the back the top reason why immigrants choose to live mysteries of displacement, which is why ethnic sat a thinking Socrates, flanked by three free- close to one another in a new country, he smiled groups in conflict or even at war with each other standing Greek columns. Socrates and Athena and said, “I think it’s the food.” back home still choose to live side by side in the looked a bit cold in their togas on this winter day, While Dmitri may have a point, sociologists States. Between 1991 and 1994, about 11,500

A happy customer surveys a fleet of hanging sausages at Muncan Deli.

20 SIPA NEWS Bosnians obtained refugee status to emigrate to the U.S., and many of them settled in Astoria. Their choice to settle alongside Croats and not far from the Serbian community in Ridgewood is puzzling to the outside observer. Senad Huskovic, a 30-something Bosnian ref- ugee whose family owns “Sarajevo,” a popular Bosnian restaurant on 34th Avenue, helped me understand the seeming contradiction of want- ing to resettle next to your enemies. “Home is where your traditions are,” he told me as his mother cooked ´cevapci´ci, a Balkan dish of grilled minced meat, on the grill behind him, “I miss the life back home, but not the politics.” The Mediterranean and Balkan flavor of Astoria, he explained, gave the Huskovic family back some of that life when they moved here in 1994. However illogical it may seem, sociologists say that refugees are especially attracted to eth- “I think it’s the food.” nic neighborhoods because they are often sepa- rated from family members and suffer from —Dmitri Pinos, a grocery clerk from Tripolis, on why immigrants choose intense isolation. Bosnian Muslims in particular to live close together in new countries had no significant community in the U.S. at all before the early 1990s, but now one million of them have resettled here. After the blue-and-white culinary wonderland of Mediterranean Foods and a cevapci´ci´ snack at Sarajevo, our eyes (and stomachs) were trained to notice small ethnic accents throughout the neigh- borhood. Tiny neon Greek flags blinked in bar windows alongside droopy blue-eyed ovals meant to ward away the evil eye. A toy model of an Olympia jet hung suspended in a travel agent’s window just across from the deli where customers emerged with exotically spiced sausages. With our newfound keen sense for foreign details, we noticed a green awning with the word “Rudar” on it over the entrance to a nondescript building. Curious, we entered and found ourselves in the bar of an Istrian Croat soccer club with 30 years of Yugoslavia-era memorabilia on the walls. The kind bartender quickly gave us two Karlovacko beers and a glossy book on the club’s history, while a nearby local, Franco, painstakingly described the art of collecting Istrian truffles. As we sat in the mid- dle of yet another cultural find in the heart of Astoria, I read the words of Milan Verbanac, Rudar Club president: “Once again together in New York, we found our path through Rudar to make our jour- ney less painful. As we looked at New York, it seemed to us a sea of lights with many skyscrapers and strangers. We found our safe place.”

Jackie Carpenter, a second-year International Media and Communications concentrator, is also pursuing a certificate from the Harriman Institute in former Soviet Union countries. David Trilling is a second-year International Media Top: Socrates holds a snowball in Astoria’s Athens Square Park. Middle: Beaded Greek flags dangle everywhere in Mediterranean Foods. Bottom: The kindly bartender in the Croatian Rudar Club and Communications concentrator. brought us maps of Istria.

SIPA NEWS 21 New York’s Game Goes Global By Leela Parker

Keep your eye on the ball. America’s favorite pastime is going global.

Not surprisingly, New York City’s hometown and maybe for baseball. Sal Galatioto, president enormous popular success, the game evolved from teams, enjoying brand recognition worldwide, are of Galatioto Sports Partners, a sports advisory and amateur to professional and, inevitably, winning at the forefront of exporting baseball. However, financing firm based in New York, sees enormous became the top priority. To win, clubs needed cultivating an international audience and global potential in China, while Alan Klein, author of talent, and they found it in Irish and German talent pool is not always easy. Growing the Game: The Globalization of Major immigrants. At the end of the 19th century, play- The New York Mets have begun grassroots League Baseball, is more skeptical. “It’s too late ing professional baseball translated to upward efforts to introduce the game in Ghana and for baseball,” he says. According to Klein, 300 financial mobility. “Ballplayers were being paid plan to establish training academies in the West million Chinese—roughly the size of the U.S. $1,000 a year, three to four times as much as African nation. population—already play basketball. the average annual income,” says Sol Gittleman, Meanwhile, the New York Yankees are placing Some say that attempts to develop an authen- University Professor and former Tufts Provost, who their bets on China. In June 2007, the Yankees tic global market for baseball have been slow to has also written a book on the Yankees. Later, signed two young Chinese players into the minor take root, especially compared to the success of baseball served as the way up and out for Jews leagues, a first for any American baseball club. soccer and basketball. Similarly, efforts to inter- and Italians, he added. They are also working with the Chinese Baseball nationalize the game at an institutional level have This connection is still relevant today. “Poverty Association to introduce the game—still relatively been limited. is an important motivator; people are constantly unknown—in China, where it was banned by Mao “They were so myopic culturally and nationally,” looking for opportunities of upward mobility,” says Zedong in the 1960s. says Klein of the league’s approach to expanding Klein. He attributes the success of baseball in the In March, Major League Baseball made its abroad, though he does acknowledge that MLB Dominican Republic to both poverty and competi- debut in China. Two weeks before the 2008 regu- has achieved significant gains in a short period tion among sugar fields. lar season opened, the San Diego Padres and the of time. What Klein found most surprising in his Today, baseball players from the Dominican Los Angeles Dodgers played two exhibition games research was just how late this venture has come. Republic are successful and fabulously wealthy. at Wukesong Baseball Field, the Olympic baseball While its origins are in fact international, the Pedro Martinez, now pitching for the Mets under venue. The timing is key. With all eyes on Beijing, decidedly American game has been played in the club’s Dominican-born general manager, Omar MLB is hoping to ride the momentum heading the United States since the 1840s. Alexander Minaya, and Yankee infielder Robinson Cano rep- into the 2008 Summer Games in order to tap into Cartwright, who established the Knickerbocker resent that dream for young Dominicans fans in the Chinese market, a potential goldmine of talent Base Ball Club in 1845, is credited with stan- Santo Domingo and in Washington Heights, alike. and fans alike. dardizing the game with what became known as The demographics have changed and the game But can baseball be the next big thing in China? the “New York City rules.” In New York, baseball is, without a doubt, more diverse. In 2007, 246 As the Chinese middle class grows and incomes began as a gentrified game; most of the names foreign-born players made up 30 percent of big rise, increased wealth will translate to a growing on the early rosters were English. league rosters, according to MLB’s Web site. Latin demand for leisure activities and entertainment But by the late 1870s, having achieved America and the Caribbean remain the biggest

22 SIPA NEWS Ichiro

any sector, to remain competitive in a global economy, industries small and large are Pedro forced to adapt to changing business it,” explains Galatioto. There is conditions. Expansion into new markets is consensus that this can only be good for the essential. And not only is it important for game. The deeper the talent pool, the better the increasingDice-K revenues, generating ad dollars, and quality of play. source for international talent. The New York Mets selling more jerseys. To a greater extent, the goal Yet the problem remains: what does it take to were the most diverse club, with 15 foreign-born is to foster passion and love for the game, which replicate this experience—in other words—how players, while the Yankees were close behind, ultimately translates into both viewers and players. do you export not only a sport, but one steeped with 13. These numbers will only continue to rise. In other words, it’s not just about selling baseball; in American culture and rich in tradition? “It has In the Minor Leagues, some 3,098 players, or it’s about growing the game, a fundamental dis- a different rhythm. It’s the only sport where time nearly half, were born outside the United States. tinction needed to move the industry forward. doesn’t matter. In baseball you can have a big And don’t forget the power players, those who Achieving this competitive edge does not come lead, with two outs in the bottom of the ninth, have been elevated to single-name celebrity sta- cheaply. Players’ salaries are astronomical, and and still lose the game,” says Galatioto. tus. Pedro, Ichiro, and now Daisuke Matsuzaka even signing bonuses have gone up dramatically (better known as Dice-K) each garnering a multi- in recent years. Players once signed for as little as Leela Parker is a second-year International million-dollar contract and generating a tremen- $4,000; Pedro Martinez was signed for $10,000. Media and Communications concentrator from dous following among fans, in both America and This year, the San Francisco Giants signed a Boston. their native countries. 16-year-old for $2.3 million, which Klein says, Baseball is entertainment and competition, is comparable to first-round draft money. But, he brand and personality, guts and glory, all tied adds, “Clubs are taking a phenomenal gamble,” into one. “Baseball is a template for all things when it comes to signing young talent based American. It is integration, immigration, race, purely on a tryout. business, corruption, and competition,” says A worthwhile—even lucrative—gamble, per- Gittleman. For this New York is legendary: age-old haps. “If you can find one diamond in the rough, rivalries and historic ballparks—Shea Stadium it gives you a huge competitive advantage,” says and Yankee Stadium—which are soon to be Galatioto. In this spirit, big and small market replaced. Then there are the heroes—Babe Ruth, teams are turning their attention to international Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, and, of course, scouting and player development. “Some teams Brooklyn Dodger Jackie Robinson, who is credited have realized the way to keep a team competitive with breaking the color line in 1947, leading the in the long haul is to invest in your minor league way for generations of young black players. system and scouting. The Yankees have heavily Dynamism is the name of the game. As in invested in their farm systems, and you can see

SIPA NEWS 23 “El Campeon de los Hispanos”: How a Daily Newspaper Keeps New York City’s Hispanic Immigrants Connected

By Luis Montero and Julie Payne

uan Lopez* works at a deli on Manhattan’s Upper West Side, stock- “Since the paper’s inception [in 1913], our target audience has always been New York’s bur- ing refrigerators and carrying boxes. His body, colorful with tattoos, geoning immigrant community from Latin America, and our overarching goal is making sure may give the impression to an undiscerning observer that he’s a J they stay informed,” Ramirez said. tough Latin gangster from Mexico City or San Salvador. But his smile, a dis- But unlike other general market New York City dailies, El Diario/La Prensa’s readership numbers are arming ear-to-ear grin, quickly proves one wrong. It gives way to the gentle growing. Scarborough Research, a consumer behavior demeanor of a responsible father, which he is. analysis group, announced that the tabloid experi- enced a 25 percent growth rate in its daily readership since 2006, while its circulation jumped 5.8 percent. Lopez is an illegal immigrant from Mexico. He into American life simply because they do not El Diario/La Prensa’s numbers are skyrocketing moved to New York City 12 years ago with his speak English,” said David Ramirez, executive with good reason. With nearly 4 million people of wife, two brothers, and his niece after a harrowing news editor of El Diario/La Prensa or “The Daily/ Hispanic descent living in the New York City area, trip across the Mexico-U.S. border, arranged by a The Press.” “El Diario/La Prensa is a way for it is the second largest Hispanic market in the coyote—someone who, for a fee of $2,500 per Hispanic immigrants to stay connected to their United States behind Los Angeles. Not only is person, arranges illegal border crossings. He and country of origin and their neighborhood in New their population sizeable, but New York Hispanics’ his family eventually arrived in New York City, all York, be it Jackson Heights, Queens, or the Bronx.” buying power is strong. In fact, they are some of in search of the American dream but without a In many ways, Juan Lopez is a typical reader the most affluent in the country, with an average cent to their names. of El Diario/La Prensa—a hard-working immigrant national household income of $48,000 and more Lopez speaks basic English and is learning from Latin America who has some high school than $47 billion in total buying power. how to use the Internet, but it is really sports that education, earns $10,000 to $29,000 per year, In light of the paper’s steady rise in popularity, pique his interest—soccer and baseball in particu- and works at least 12 to 14 hours a day. El Diario/La Prensa must be increasingly sensitive lar, Mexico’s two most popular sports. Before rid- “I think people who read El Diario are like me, to its readers and their origins, Ramirez explained. ing the 7 train to work from his home in Jackson from the working class and probably arrived to “As a paper for New York’s Hispanic community, Heights, Queens, Lopez picks up a copy of El this country illegally,” Lopez said. we can’t forget this means we have to be under- Diario/La Prensa, New York’s largest and most Nicknamed “El Campeon de los Hispanos” stood by all Hispanics—Argentines, Mexicans, popular Spanish-speaking daily newspaper. His (“The Champion of the Hispanics”), the 95-year- Dominicans—and although technically we speak the early morning and late night subway commutes old El Diario/La Prensa—does just that through its same language, the paper has to be written in a are the only times when he can read up on his readership size alone. The tabloid’s daily circula- way that is easily digested by every member of this favorite teams, the New York Yankees and Club tion tops 53,000 and is the go-to source of New city’s huge Latin American community,” he said. America, a leading soccer team in Mexico. York City news for more than 266,000 readers, This search for language neutrality has led to “When immigrants from Latin America arrive the majority hailing from the Dominican Republic, some challenging situations for the paper’s reporters. in New York City, many are unable to integrate South and Central America, and Puerto Rico. “Whether we are writing about a shooting of an

24 SIPA NEWS Ecuadorian in Jackson Heights or a domestic vio- “As a paper for New York’s Hispanic and to Mexico than oil. We are at the forefront of lence incident involving a Dominican couple in community, we can’t forget this citizenship and dual nationality issues both for the Bronx, we have to make sure the language we the countries we left and the city we live in. Our employ transcends national boundaries,” he said. means we have to be understood by facility and comfort with multiple cultural tradi- El Diario/La Prensa’s consistent growth, how- all Hispanics—Argentines, Mexicans, tions and languages make us key interlocutors in ever, is indicative not only of an increased an increasingly interconnected world.” Dominicans—and although technically demand within New York City’s growing Hispanic This idea of interconnectivity can begin with a population, but also of a steady rise in Hispanic we speak the same language, the simple conversation, much like that with Juan influence in the United States. paper has to be written in a way that Lopez in an Upper West Side deli, to recognize “This is a very exciting moment for the Latino that local stories have international implications. population in the U.S. not only in New York . . . is easily digested by every member of And it’s this exact purpose that El Diario/La but also in Los Angeles, where you have the first this city’s huge Latin American Prensa serves. “The Bronx is affected intrinsically by events Latino mayor in more than a hundred years,” said community.”—David Ramirez Alberto Vourvoulias-Bush, executive editor of El that happen in Santo Domingo, in ways that are Diario/La Prensa, in an interview with Hispanic immediate and instantaneous,” Vourvoulias-Bush said. “This is the new geography of the world, one Magazine. “You have a moment in the Latino podcasts, videocasts, and blogs. She is one of the in which spatial relationships are far less important community, politically, where that community is 247,400 unique visitors who visit the Web site than the connections that exist across cultures stepping up. Demographically, you have a each month. They both read typical fare in the transnationally . . . And that’s exactly what El Hispanic population that is more than 40 million New York news, sports, and culture sections. But Diario needs to cover, that nexus, that conjunction.” strong, in which one of every five children in the the tabloid also includes sections unlikely to U.S. is now of Hispanic descent.” appear in mainstream daily news sources, includ- Lopez’s eleven-year-old daughter, Daisy, is one ing immigration and “nuestros países” (or “our Luis Montero is a second-year International of them. Being of the young generation that is countries”) with news from readers’ home coun- Media and Communications concentrator and is comfortable with computer technology, she keeps tries—Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, originally from Peru. virtual tabs on New York happenings and fills in to name a few. Julie Payne is a second-year International her father on important news. The movement of people like Lopez across Media and Communications concentrator and is “She’s the only one in our family who knows national borders prompts a new look at the inter- originally from Canada. how to use the Internet, so she updates me on connectivity of culture, and, as Vourvoulias-Bush everything,” Lopez said sheepishly. “She thinks pointed out, readers of El Diario/La Prensa *Although all details contained in this story I’m slow because I don’t speak English and can’t embody these trends that are reshaping societies. are true, some people’s names have been changed use a computer, and I think she has a point.” “We are, and I include myself, the children of to protect their respective identities. So, while Lopez prefers to flip through the globalization,” he said. “The money we send paper-and-ink pages of El Diario/La Prensa, Daisy home is more important to the Dominican clicks her way through the online version rich with Republic than sugar, to Guatemala than coffee,

SIPA NEWS 25 Where Mermaids tread: The struggle for the soul of Coney Island By Paula Margulies By Paula Margulies

It’s an icy day in February, and the wind on Brooklyn’s southernmost tip, win- skillful political maneuvering and con- whips off the Atlantic. Coney Island is ter is a time for waiting. But if Mayor sensus-building, can redefine the urban desolate, save for a few elderly joggers Bloomberg has his way, that may soon landscape, literally and figuratively. shuffling down the boardwalk’s weath- change. The city has proposed an ambi- At the very least, the plan has ered wooden planks. tious development plan that seeks to already accomplished what a ragtag The skeleton of the neighborhood’s revitalize Coney Island, turning it from a army of burlesque queens, bartenders, legendary parachute jump looms over gritty seasonal outpost to a year-round, and angry senior citizens could not: it a vacant lot overrun with weeds. Just economically viable neighborhood. has effectively stopped a speculating yards away, the Brooklyn Cyclones’ $39 Should the plan succeed—and it may investor from turning Coney Island’s million Keyspan Park waits for summer, very well not—it will be a case study in fabled amusement district into an all- when cheering fans will fill its stadium. the way that government intervention too-familiar scene in New York—a wall Indeed, in this iconic neighborhood in the form of clever rezoning strategy, of luxury condominiums.

26 SIPA NEWS With the battle largely maturing into a nuts-and- bolts discussion of policy, most residents seem to agree that if carried out properly, a revitalization of the area could be good for the neighborhood.

n its heyday in the early 1900s, Coney Island was a vacation spot for the city’s upper classes. In the 1920s and 1930s, when the subway made its beach and famed amusement parks accessible to the masses, Coney Island became known as “the poor-man’s getaway,” where a family could enjoy sun, rides, cotton candy, and Nathan’s famous hot dogs for pennies. As was the case with many pub- licI spaces in urban America after World War II, Coney Island went into decline. The beach bun- galows that had lined the neighborhood’s inner pockets were razed to make way for large public housing high rises, which became hotbeds of crime and racial unrest during the late 1960s and early 1970s. While conditions throughout the city improved during the 1980s and 1990s, efforts to revitalize the area were limited at best. Empty lots and burned-out buildings peppered Surf Avenue, Left: Coney Island’s boardwalk and surrounding area. Above: Swimmers wading at Coney Island, 1928 the neighborhood’s main thoroughfare; residents complained about a lack of job opportunities and of insecurity in the air. Rumors about high-rise and fanciful parade has wound its way down limited public transportation. luxury condominiums began to circulate, and the the Boardwalk, celebrating the beginning of the In 2003, the city established the Coney Island blogosphere buzzed with angry protest. By fall swimming season with a motley assortment of Development Corporation (CIDC), in order to develop 2006, Thor had purchased Astroland, the gritty costumed sea creatures, body-painted dancers, Where Mermaids tread: amusement park at the neighborhood’s core. Sitt and wildly decorated floats. The Mermaid Parade, and implement a comprehensive planning process and economic strategy for Coney Island. The began to peddle the idea of a glitzy new Coney as it is known, is the brainchild of Dick Zigun, the CIDC—which comprises 13 community officials Island, complete with enclosed rides, sit-down founder and artistic director of Coney Island USA, appointed by the mayor and City Council—is, restaurants, hotels, and shopping—a metamor- a 28-year-old nonprofit arts organization that in essence, a group of advisors to the city’s phosis, he stressed, that would remain true to the seeks to preserve Coney Island’s heritage. Economic Development Corporation (EDC). area’s history. Zigun, a Yale-educated activist who bills him- While the CIDC worked on its plan, a devel- And then Thor admitted that its plans did, in self as the unofficial “mayor” of the beach, sits oper by the name of Thor Equities began buying fact, include those luxury condominiums after all. on the board of the CIDC. While Zigun originally a significant amount of property in Coney Island. And yes, some would be built in the heart of the offered cautious support for Thor Equities’ plans, Thor was headed by a Brooklyn-born business- amusement district. that soon changed. “Thor’s plan is a disaster for man named Joe Sitt, who had made his fortune There was just one problem. To accomplish his the amusement park,” he said, in a public state- through a chain of plus-size clothing stores cater- goals, Sitt would have to convince the city to cast ment. “I fear for the future of Coney Island.” ing to urban African-American women. Sitt’s off the outdated C-7 zoning regulations governing Zigun had already seen one of the area’s plans for the area were unclear, and no one was the amusement district. Without rezoning, Sitt iconic—albeit derelict—structures razed. quite sure how they fit in with CIDC’s strategy. couldn’t build much more than a shack. He could, In the fall of 2000, the skeleton of the One thing seemed certain, though: Coney Island however, destroy what was already there. Thunderbolt roller coaster was torn down. Zigun was about to change, and there was a feeling Each summer for the past 25 years, a raucous accused the Giuliani administration of kowtowing

SIPA NEWS 27 to the developers of Keyspan Park, the Brooklyn Cyclones’ minor league baseball stadium, who, he says, considered the structure to be an eyesore. The Giuliani administration, in turn, contended that the roller coaster’s undulating frame was not sturdy enough to safely remain standing. Activists argued that there were other, more innovative ways the city could have dealt with this piece of Brooklyn’s history, rather than simply tearing it down. And in 2005, says Zigun, Mayor Bloomberg did just that when he used his own money to stop the auction and sale of the B & B Carousel, another nostalgic structure. Indeed, Zigun said, “the city’s intentions are good.” “Mayor Bloomberg, Brooklyn Borough President Markowitz, and City Councilman [Dominic] Reccia combine into a trifecta of elected officials more pro-Coney Island, more pro-amusement park than any other NYC administration since the 1920s.” Indeed, the Bloomberg administration seems to understand that, for many, the fight for Coney Island is a fight for Brooklyn’s soul. Coney Island represents something intangible: nostalgia, authenticity, a sort of democratic identity. On November 8, 2007, Mayor Bloomberg addressed a group of civic and political leaders at Gargiulo’s restaurant, a 100-year-old Coney Island institution. Over plates of veal Milanese and rigatoni, the mayor unveiled CIDC’s new strategic plan. At its heart, he said, was a new rezoning framework. “City government has worked with local communities to cast off outdated zoning restriction,” he said. The city’s plan essentially divides Coney Island into three distinct zoning areas: Coney North, West, and East. is eliminated, the 15-acre swath of land from million over the next four years for landscaping Coney North—currently a hodge-podge of Keyspan Park to the edge of the current amuse- and “other amenities that will make the area more weed-filled lots and vacant buildings—will be ment district would be marked as public parkland. attractive to private capital.” rezoned for retail and residential use, with a pro- Coney East, as the city is calling it, is Coney “We’re confident it will lead to $2.5 billion posed 100,000 square feet of retail space and Island’s amusement district—the land currently in private investment over the next ten years and up to 1,800 new apartments, including a certain owned by Thor Equities. By rezoning it as park- create at least 3,000 new permanent jobs and amount of affordable housing. land, the administration would effectively be 20,000 construction jobs in this community over Coney West, which is mainly city-owned land squashing any plans Thor Equities had in regard the next 30 years,” Bloomberg said. with the legal designation of “parkland”—albeit to luxury condominiums in the heart of the amuse- The zoning process, known as the Uniform not the kind with trees and grass—is now used ment district. Joe Sitt’s hands were now tied. Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP), is a public as parking for Keyspan Park. The area would be In addition, the city would restore the area one, open to feedback and criticism and subject demapped and readied for some 2,700 apart- around landmarks like the Parachute Jump and to a vote by the City Council. The process is ments and 360,000 square feet of retail space. the restored B & B Carousel, with the goal of slated to be completed by early 2009. In turn—in an effort to meet the legal require- creating a revitalized amusement district with As part of the ULURP process, the city must ment to create at least as much “parkland” as historical integrity. It would also commit $100 create an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS),

28 SIPA NEWS which analyzes the effect of the plan on its physi- Indeed, the initial furor over Coney Island Paula Margulies SIPA ’07 was the co-editor of cal, economic, communal, and logistical environ- seems to have died down, with even die-hard SIPA News in 2006–2007. She spent a summer ment; public feedback is taken into account. preservationists grudgingly admitting that the in high school working at Ruby’s Bar and Grill in In a five-page, single-spaced document pro- city has done an admirable job trying to save the Coney Island. vided to SIPA News, Community Board 13, which neighborhood. encompasses Coney island, outlined its concerns “[The city’s] Strategic Plan has balance and over the rezoning plan, including issues such merit,” says Zigun. “[It is an] artful, politically as infrastructure, job creation, affordable hous- skilled compromise.” ing, off-street parking, and the condition of the But where does this leave Joe Sitt? Stefan Left (top): The Mermaid Parade in 2005. The annual Boardwalk. Friedman, a spokesman for Thor Equities, says parade is held the first Saturday after the summer “The Boardwalk is in dire shape,” the docu- that the company has scrapped its plans for solstice, bringing out thousands to watch and cheer. Left bottom: Hudson Valley Renegades players watch game ment says, mentioning “loose wooden boards, residential units in Coney Island and is “trying action at Keyspan Park, home to the Brooklyn Cyclones. gaping holes, and other trip hazards.” to work with the city to come up with a plan that Below (top): Costumed revelers participate in the 2007 Chuck Reichental, Community Board 13’s benefits everyone.” Coney Island Mermaid Parade. Below (bottom): Candy and food stand at Coney Island. manager, is particularly concerned by the city’s “Joe Sitt is from Brooklyn and has a vision for interpretation of what constitutes “affordable” Coney Island that involves preserving the iconic housing, in a community in which 40 percent of nature of the area.” residents rely on some form of public assistance. Yet EDC spokeswoman Janel Patterson seems “Let me put it this way,” he says. “According to less than enthusiastic about Sitt’s vision. the numbers I’ve seen, I couldn’t afford to move in.” “We do not agree with his plans,” she says, But whether or not the CIDC’s plan is perfect, flatly. “And he can’t do anything with the current its effect has been to quiet the fiery, almost zoning—the city controls that.” instinctive initial backlash against “gentrification.” The neighborhood’s honky-tonk, artsy under- With the battle largely maturing into a nuts- belly seems to be safe for a while longer, as and-bolts discussion of policy, most residents well. In a posting on Coney Island USA’s bulletin seem to agree that if carried out properly, a board, David Gratt, the organization’s managing revitalization of the area could be good for the director, said that “the Mermaid Parade will con- neighborhood. tinue until global warming raises the ocean levels Lisa and Willy Montalvo, the owners of and the mermaids have to swim the route instead Animation Odyssey, a video game store on Surf of march[ing] it.” Avenue and West 15th, say that the city’s plans are “a beautiful thing.” Noting that their business suffers at the end of the summer season, Lisa Montalvo says that any infusion of capital into the area will be good for the store: “All it can do is help—not hurt.” Similarly, Molly Pollack, a senior citizen who has lived in the neighborhood for 23 years, believes that the economic revitalization will be good for the community. “Anyone who lives here and expects to stay wants to see it built up,” she said. “The more it’s built up, the safer it is.” Pollack, who was raised in the Bronx, was first introduced to Coney Island as a child, when her parents rented a summer bungalow in the adjoin- ing community of Seagate. “[Coney Island] was a wonderful and exciting place back then,” she said. “There was always something to do . . . I think that if they build it up again, it can really become a place to visit.”

SIPA NEWS 29 A prisoner awaits trial in Iraq. Some parallels have been drawn between the treatment of detainees at Brooklyn’s Metropolitan Detention Center and detainees at Abu Ghraib outside Baghdad.

30 SIPA NEWS Brooklyn’s Abu Ghraib By Annamartine Salick

New York City boasts the third largest Arab-American population in the United States and is home to more than 600,000 Muslims. Since first coming to New York in the late 19th century, members of these communities have prospered in a city with a long history of incorporating new immigrant communities. Everything changed after September 11, 2001.

In the wake of the devastating terrorist occurring right here in New York City. attacks, these communities found themselves Under the directive of then-attorney general the target of a large-scale government program John Ashcroft, who famously stated “let the ter- to round up Arab, Muslim, and South Asian men rorists among us be warned: If you overstay your and detain them for months and even years, vio- visa—even by one day—we will arrest you,” the lating their constitutional rights of due process Department of Justice (DOJ), Immigration and and subjecting them to systematic physical and Naturalization Service (INS), and FBI initiated verbal abuse. And while the world reacted in a policy of preventative detention, using minor horror to images of abuses in Abu Ghraib and immigration violations as the pretense for detain- Guantanamo Bay, little attention has been paid ing thousands of Arab, Muslim, and South Asian to the constitutional and human rights violations men and holding them for coercive questioning.

SIPA NEWS 31 This nationwide program hit New York City the MDC, Baloch testified that the guards hit and family—have all been profoundly affected.” the hardest. In the first two months following the kicked him, threw him into a tiny cell, calling him While New York City was the location of all September 11 attacks, more than 1,200 individu- a “[expletive] Muslim terrorist” and taunting him: that went wrong in the lives of men like Baloch, it als were investigated, with 60 percent of those “For what you did to us, we will kill you.” was also the place where talented individuals and detained being arrested in the New York City area. Although Baloch was detained on minor groups worked to bring these men redress. As the Many of these men caught in antiterror sweeps civil immigration violations, he was designated communication blackouts slowly began to lift at ultimately landed in Brooklyn’s Metropolitan as a “high interest” detainee and placed in the MDC, detainees were finally able to reach out Detention Center (MDC). solitary confinement in the highly restrictive to legal aid organizations and inform their families Nicknamed “Brooklyn’s Abu Ghraib,” because Administrative Maximum Special Housing Unit. of their whereabouts. In an unprecedented effort, of its reputation for physically abusing Arabs and During his incarceration, Baloch was held in New York City’s community groups, legal aid, and Muslims after the September 11 attacks, the MDC a communications blackout, repeatedly strip civil rights organizations came together to help served as one of the primary holding sites for many searched, subjected to sleep deprivation, prohib- shed light on the secretive detainment policies of the so-called “9/11” detainees. According to ited from practicing his religion, and deprived of and provide individuals with their rightful legal the DOJ’s own investigation into the program, the food and medical care. According to Baloch’s tes- support. Office of the Inspector General found strong evi- timony, at one point guards threatened to cut off After being deported to Canada, Baloch joined dence of “a pattern of physical and verbal abuse” Baloch’s hands with iron cutters. the first and largest class action civil rights law- at MDC, including the common practice of slam- Baloch repeatedly requested to speak with suit on behalf of September 11 detainees. In ming inmates’ heads against the walls. an attorney, but he was prohibited from making Turkmen v. Ashcroft, the New York–based CCR is Dr. Shakir Baloch, a Pakistani national and any phone calls. When the Canadian Consulate representing Baloch and six other plaintiffs who Canadian citizen who had recently moved to New inquired as to Baloch’s whereabouts, the MDC were rounded up in the immigration raids. CCR, York to seek temporary employment to support his denied that Baloch was even detained at the facil- a nonprofit legal and educational organization, wife and teenage daughter, was one such unlucky ity and did not allow him to contact his consulate has charged John Ashcroft, FBI director Robert Muller, former INS commissioner James Ziegler, and employees of the MDC of violating the consti- This nationwide program hit New York City tutional rights of the post–September 11 detain- ees. The suit is currently being decided by the the hardest. In the first two months fol- Second Circuit Court of Appeals, and a decision is lowing the September 11 attacks, more than expected in the next few months. In addition to the Turkmen suit, other cases 1,200 individuals were investigated. concerning the detainment and treatment of individuals rounded up after September 11 have emerged. More recently, in 2007, 11 guards at man. He found himself caught in a horrific night- for three months. For his family and friends, it the MDC were indicted on charges of beating two mare not unfamiliar to thousands of other New seemed that Baloch had simply disappeared. inmates, which many welcomed as a step toward Yorkers held as a result of the government’s poli- According to Rachel Meeropol, an attorney at revealing the long history of institutionalized cies in the war on terror. the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), who abuse at the Brooklyn prison. A little over a week after September 11, a represents Baloch, although the 9/11 detainees Unfortunately, the majority of those detained group of heavily armed INS, FBI, Department were “only charged with civil immigration viola- in the wake of September 11 have yet to find of Labor, and NYPD officers stormed Baloch’s tions . . . they were detained as if they were redress for the abuses they suffered at the hands apartment. Having come initially to speak with charged with the most serious of crimes.” Acting of the U.S. government. Of the thousands of indi- Baloch’s roommate, who was away at the time, on anonymous tips, the FBI, INS, and NYPD were viduals detained in the immigration sweeps after the Joint Task Force questioned Baloch instead, dispatched to investigate “leads,” resulting in the 9/11, only four were ever charged with criminal with an impromptu claim that he was affiliated detention of thousands of people based on little offenses, and of those, two were acquitted. with terrorists. more than their racial and religious identity. As Strugar concluded “not only did these During the four-hour interrogation, Baloch was After more than six months of incarceration, massive roundups fail to connect anyone to the never advised of his rights. The agents conducted Baloch was taken to Newark Airport and, without September 11 attacks, but this kind of racial and a search of his apartment without his consent and any personal identification or money, placed on a religious profiling is completely counterproductive seized his laptop and other personal items, which plane to Toronto. Since his incarceration, Baloch from a security standpoint. Such a large-scale were confiscated and never returned. Deeming his has tested positive for tuberculosis for the first violation of civil liberties only makes Arab, South behavior to be suspicious, the officials arrested time, which he believes he contracted during his Asian, and Muslim communities become insular Baloch. After finding him in violation of his visa, detention at the MDC. He is also being treated for and distrusting of law enforcement, while the goal which did not permit him to work in the United severe depression, making him unfit to practice should be to develop relationships and trust in States, the INS processed Baloch for removal. medicine in Canada. “In addition to the hor- these communities.” However, instead of respecting Baloch’s right to rible conditions of his confinement, Mr. Baloch’s appeal the charges or allowing him to agree to prolonged confinement has taken an enormous Annamartine Salick is a second-year MIA dual a voluntary deportation in accordance with long- toll on him emotionally,” stated Mathew Strugar, concentrator in Human Rights and International standing immigration practice, Baloch was taken another CCR attorney representing Baloch. “His Security Policy. to the MDC in Brooklyn. During his transfer to ability to concentrate, work—even relate to his

32 SIPA NEWS The Changing Scene Latino Political Participation in New York City

by Patrick Contreras

Over the last few decades, monumental changes in the political, legal, and social fabric of American society have had a significant impact on minority voting patterns. Civil rights legislation embodied in the Voting Rights Act and the influx of foreign immigrants have significantly changed the profile of the American electorate. The dramatic rise of powerful minority policymakers from Los Angeles to New Orleans, who make ground-breaking public policy by pushing political agendas that have never been given voice before, are ultimately shaking up the landscape of political engagement across the United States. One particular demographic, the Hispanic/Latino community, continues to soar year after year and is claiming new political capital.

Above: Logo for Latino voting advocacy group Voto Latino, which aims to engage Latino youth in the political process.

SIPA NEWS 33 Puerto Ricans have a claim on New York City. They have laid the political groundwork for Latino political representation, although many profession- als and young families are leaving the city. The Dominicans have leveraged the success of the Puerto Ricans and continue to make political gains, although they have experienced some politi- cal infighting and turf wars in the recent past. In terms of political ideology and voting trend data, Ecuadorians and Guatemalans in Queens and Brooklyn tend to be more moderate and conserva- tive in their voting. On the other hand, the Puerto Ricans and Dominicans are more liberal, on aver- age, according to the consultant for Burgos and Associates. Given the term limits on City Council seats, many Latinos are now running for Assembly seats after their terms expire, looking to continue as career politicians. And there is a new wave of Latino elected officials such as 35-year-old Ruben Diaz, Jr., who represents the 85th Assembly District in the Bronx. This new generation of young political elites combine old New York poli- tics with a more youthful view of the world. One would expect blacks and Latinos to com- Supporters of Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Barack Obama (D-IL) show their support for him during a candi- bine forces with white liberals to form strong politi- date forum at the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials June 30, 2007, in Orlando, Florida. cal coalitions in majority city politics throughout the United States. This is not the case in New National Landscape NYC Latino landscape York. Unlike other large cities with nonwhite major- ities, New York did not elect a black mayor until Today, Latinos are among the fastest growing eth- In a seminar on Latino politics last fall, SIPA pro- 1989 (David Dinkins, serving only one term), long nic and racial groups in the United States. The fessor Rudy de la Garza pointed out that “New York after Philadelphia (Wilson Goode, 1982), Los Latino population now constitutes 14 percent of is the first real Latino city of the United States.” Angeles (Tom Bradley, 1973), and Chicago (Harold the U.S. population and is projected to double by As the largest city in the United States, two-thirds Washington, 1983). Instead, white mayors courted 2030 to 73 million. However, the rate at which of New York’s eight million residents are either and captured the middle-class vote to champion Latinos are elected to office does not coincide black, Latino, or Asian. New York’s Latino commu- issues such as economic development, fighting with the growth of the Latino population national- nity comprises approximately 2.2 million people. crime, and fiscal conservatism. ly. Over the last 20 years, the Latino population Of the approximately 700,000 registered Latino Additionally, in 1989, both blacks and Latinos increased by 150 percent, while the number of voters in New York City, 70 percent are of Puerto were strikingly underrepresented on the 35-mem- Latinos elected to office increased by 55 percent. Rican descent. Hispanics’ average turnout rates in ber City Council, making up just 28.6 percent. primary and general elections are 25–30 percent After the 1991 creation of majority-minority dis- Why Latino political and 65–70 percent, respectively. tricts through redistricting and a new City Council Unlike other American cities with large Latino participation has increased of 51 members (the result of a new city charter), populations, New York boasts a diverse Latino nationally minority membership increased to 41.2 percent. population with differing interests, ideologies, and The Voting Rights Act and the creation of majori- Today, blacks and Latinos hold 25 of the 51 City approaches. Interviews with Latino political con- ty-Latino electoral districts are two of the most Council seats, 6 of the 14 Congressional districts, sultants reiterated this point by highlighting the influential tools that have empowered Latinos 27 of the 65 State Assembly seats, and 12 of the extreme fragmentation that characterizes the across the United States. Since Congress extend- 36 State Senate seats. Latino community in New York. A senior consul- ed the Voting Rights Act in 1975, Latino political Most recently, New York witnessed a billionaire tant of Burgos and Associates, a leading strategic participation has increased significantly. More Republican, Michael Bloomberg, narrowly beat the planning and lobbying firm, concluded that each than two million Latinos voted in the 1976 presi- Democratic nominee, Fernando Ferrer, the first ethnic group within the Latino population is at a dential election. Latino voting jumped to 7.6 mil- Latino to ever win the nomination of one of the different stage of development. As the historically lion in 2004, and 2008 is expected to be a two major parties. Interviews with political scien- dominant Puerto Rican bloc begins to leave the city, record-breaking year in terms of the Latino vote. tists John Mollenkopf of the CUNY Graduate Dominicans, Mexicans, and Ecuadorians grow in Center and Angelo Falcón of SIPA indicate that number and demand their piece of the political pie.

34 SIPA NEWS Fernando Ferrer actively courted the Latino vote, confronted with politically and emotionally charged The battle is just beginning in the surrounding depending primarily on the Puerto Rican and issues such as immigration, bilingual education, areas of Long Island, Westchester, and Yonkers. Dominican vote, which turned out in low numbers. and racial profiling. And there are those who say These areas need to organize their communities to A growing Ecuadorian population in Queens, mar- Latinos vote when there is a candidate who looks fight for their right to cast votes on Election Day ginalized by Ferrer, voted primarily for Bloomberg like them, acts like them, and speaks like them. without fear, intimidation, and processes or devic- because it viewed him as a “self-made” man. So, do Latinos turn out in greater numbers if a es that intentionally prevent Latinos from voting. Bloomberg captured 35 percent of the Latino vote Latino is on the ballot? A random selection of three Policymakers today should continue to support versus Ferrer’s 65 percent, which constitutes a majority-Latino Assembly districts (39: Corona, policy that makes the legislative halls of America significant achievement for a non-Latino running Elmhurst, and Jackson Heights in Queens; 72: reflect the racial make-up of the neighborhoods against a Latino in New York City. Washington Heights, Inwood, and Marble Hill in they represent. In a time of recession, war, and Political elites and advocates in New York find Manhattan; and 79: Morissania in the South Bronx) the declining respect for the United States inter- the creation of majority-Latino districts extremely illustrates that there is no clear indication that nationally, 2008 is a landmark year, when important, yet controversial, with regard to Latino Latino voter turnout increases when there are Americans will go to the polls and choose the next political participation. In an interview, Fernando Latinos on the ballot (2006 Democratic Primary president. Who will decide? Some political pun- Ferrer said that “majority-Hispanic districts extend data). For example, District 79 had one Latino dits assert that independents and swing voters will the opportunity for Hispanics to elect one of their candidate (Sigfredo Gonzalez) and two African- determine the outcome. Others say Latinos will be own. It’s just the people don’t like to talk about it.” American candidates, with only 11 percent Latino the decisive factor, especially in states that have Other interviewees were hesitant in answering voter turnout. And although this district is majority- areas of growing Latino population and influence. questions about the impact that the Voting Rights Latino, perhaps Michael Benjamin, the current One thing is clear: the Latino vote has become an Act and majority-Latino districts have had on New assemblyman in District 79, is the candidate of essential driver of democracy in the United States. York City Latinos and asked that their responses be choice for the Latino community in this instance. kept off the record. Racially polarized voting, a par- New York City’s history of racially discriminato- Patrick Contreras is a second-year concentrator ticularly popular topic, continues to be an issue ry practices at the polls continues to have a ripple in Management. that prevents Latinos from electing a candidate of effect outside the city. Although gains have been their choice in certain districts. And in cases where made, problems such as harassment at the polls, a Latino candidate goes up against a black or white defective voting machines primarily in Latino and candidate, voters, on average, will vote for their black neighborhoods and the lack of bilingual vot- own candidate. Juan Cartagena, general counsel for ing materials still exist within the five boroughs. the Community Service Society, observed that “robust majority-Hispanic districts remain the pri- mary avenue for electoral success for Latinos.” At the Assembly level in New York City, 5 majority-Latino districts were created during the 1992 redistricting, and 11 more were created in 2002. Today, there are a total of 14 majority-Lati- no Assembly districts in the five boroughs. One might expect greater Latino turnout in districts that are strengthened by Latino populations due to redistricting. In fact, vote histories from top-ballot contests in the 2002 and 2006 gubernatorial and 2004 presidential elections show a clear pattern that Latino turnout increases after districts become more Latino. These trends do not actually tell us the causes of Latino voting behavior. What makes Latinos actually turn out and vote? Some political elites such as Fernando Ferrer say Latinos in New York City, like most voters, are self-interested and vote based on personal issues such as the bottom line in their financial state- ments, violence at their children’s grade schools affordable housing, or access to prescription drugs. Others, like Jackson Chin of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, say Latinos vote Former Bronx Borough President and former mayoral candidate Fernando Ferrer with New York State Senator Ruben according to the political climate, especially when Diaz, right, at a rally in the Bronx.

SIPA NEWS 35 From Civil War to the American Dream:

Abe Fofanah Is Making It in West Harlem

By yoyce JOnes

nlike other major cities, New Fofanah said in an interview with SIPA News. In the self-assured Fofanah, it was an American op- York City’s identification as accordance with this belief, Fofanah strategically portunity that came knocking. “I’m a very outgoing an international metropolis added an American to the restaurant’s staff when person, I’m a very open person, I like to meet peo- has been built on the pres- he hired Paula Coleman, a frequent diner, to be ple and know people. So working for that magazine, ence of diverse communities the manager. I was able to get to know people,” Fofanah said. that maintain ties with their While it appears straightforward and sounds With private loans and a client list built from homelands all across the like the classic American entrepreneurial stroke of his previous position as a messenger, Fofanah world. While this fast-paced city of rapidly talking luck, Fofanah’s life has been anything but easy. started his own courier service in 1994—the Upeople, fast moving currency, and quickly moving The establishment of Café 2115 on September same year that Sierra Leone erupted into civil markets is daunting to some, for others New York’s 17, 2006, represents a milestone in Fofanah’s war. Despite the establishment of his promising dynamism produces expectations that continually 18-year journey in New York. enterprise, Fofanah had a choice to make: person- inspire courageous individuals to immigrate by During the winter of 1987, 23-year-old Abe ally save his nine siblings and parents, who were necessity or by choice. Fofanah arrived in New York from Freetown, Sierra located in the diamond-rich Kono District, or leave In Harlem at the corner of Frederick Douglass Leone, on a yearlong tourist visa. He came to the them to a grisly fate. Boulevard and 114th Street sits the restaurant United States to “educate myself, to better the life “The concept of family in Africa is always big— Café 2115. Inside, Sierra Leonean, Malian, and of my family and community.” Confident in himself everyone is just an extension of the local family, Guinean dialects compete with a flat screen televi- as a Sierra Leonean in the United States, he began and from this standpoint we are always involved in sion showcasing West African music performances. taking business training courses at Hunter College the family ceremony and family ritual,” said Sekou- The menu boasts an assortment of dishes like in 1989. There he met Jasmine Simmons, a native Koureissy Condé, a Columbia University professor at tortillas, dibe (braised lamb), hamburgers, fried Harlem resident, whom he married in 1990. the Center for International Conflict Resolution. chicken, and waffles. Despite the good fortune of finding his future With his wife’s support, Fofanah returned to The restaurant and its union of American and wife, Fofanah was dissatisfied with the slow pace Sierra Leone in 1994, the first of two dangerous African cuisines represent owner Abe Fofanah’s of his advancement at Hunter. He left school after trips home. “I thought I would never make it back belief in the “American dream” and the motiva- six months and took a job at Hotline Delivery, a to the United States, but if I gotta go over there, I tional force of its diverse society. messenger service, making deliveries for the high will die in the cause to save my family,” he stated. “I decided my restaurant is not only for the fashion magazine Harper’s Bazaar. Fofanah helped all of his immediate family African community; it’s for the international For an unimaginative person, the job would have leave the Kono District, except for his father and community in Harlem, wherever you come from,” become the employment version of purgatory; for brother, Omar Fofanah, who remained to protect

36 SIPA NEWS Left: Mohammad, Abe, and Omar Fofanah outside Café 2115. Above: Abe Fofanah at his flagship restaurant Café 2115.

his gem-trading concern. His mother and remain- “Many Sierra Leoneans are interested in going back home, and I ing siblings resettled in the capital, Freetown, and in Conakry, Guinea, where his parents were born. think peace on the ground in Sierra Leone is facilitating the com- However, the political turmoil in Sierra Leone did not confine itself to the Kono District, and in 1996 munity life in New York, and the community life in New York Abe Fofanah’s brother Omar, in the midst of conflict, helped his father and the remainder of the family is supporting the peace process in Sierra Leone financially and leave Sierra Leone by walking along footpaths and through the media.”—Professor Sekou-Koureissy Condé crossing miles of rivers to settle in Guinea. Despite the distance, Fofanah remained in contact with his family. This common human desire to retain emigrate from Guinea to the United States. While African shops and restaurants that generate tax connections with family members and communities his father and mother have returned to Sierra Le- revenues that are in turn utilized by the city to supersedes any one culture, but it was especially one, the siblings who have remained in the United fund local schools. Many West African Muslims important to Sierra Leoneans during the civil war. States are thriving. make contributions to local mosques, whose chari- “The family network is a powerful phenomenon “Many Sierra Leoneans are interested in going table organizations aid the needy. in Africa. So you are not excluded wherever you back home, and I think peace on the ground in Some, like Fofanah, are making their own quiet are. You can probably check the phone bills from Sierra Leone is facilitating the community life in contributions to the community. Every Friday, the United States, [which] are much longer from New York, and the community life in New York after the noon prayer at the Masjid Aqsa (Aqsa Africa than for any other community,” Professor is supporting the peace process in Sierra Leone Mosque), anyone—rich or poor—can come to Café Condé explains. financially and through the media,” Professor 2115 for a free meal in honor of thanksgiving to Makuta Kande, the former financial manager of Condé said. their homeland, their God, and to the people who Progress, the now defunct Sierra Leonean newspa- However, while Fofanah and others living in have contributed to their success and safety in the per, indicated that Sierra Leonean expatriates, who the United States are experiencing peace, they United States. are mainly Muslim, live and work all over New York are also helping to secure peace in Sierra Leone City, with a major concentration in the Bronx. “I through their community contacts. And Fofanah Yoyce Jones is a second-year International would estimate the community in New York to be is helping to build Harlem through social and Media and Communications concentrator and is more than 5,000 people,” Kande said. financial investments. originally from Los Angeles. In 2000, Fofanah worked to help his family The corridor of 116th Street is filled with West

SIPA NEWS 37 inside SIPA

John H. Coatsworth Appointed Dean of SIPA

ohn H. Coatsworth has been appointed as Following President Bollinger’s announce- dean of the School of International and ment, Professor Robert Lieberman, chair of the JPublic Affairs. In a letter to the Columbia Department of International and Public Affairs community, University President Lee C. Bol- and a member of the search committee, said, linger said, “John has done an outstanding job “It’s been a pleasure to work with John during as acting dean of SIPA this past year, and it will his year as acting dean. He learned the ins and be a pleasure to continue working with him in outs of the School very quickly and gained the this permanent role. This will be a critical period confidence of students, faculty, and staff. Under in the history of SIPA, especially as the School his leadership, SIPA has already made a lot of prepares to move into its own building in Manhat- progress in critically important areas such as re- tanville. In the short period of time in which John forming the curriculum and developing a strategic has been leading the School, he has been able to plan for the School’s future. I’m delighted with galvanize the SIPA community to begin prepar- the choice.” ing for its future. This will be absolutely critical in determining the course of SIPA over the next several years, which will in turn be extremely important in shaping the character of the Univer- sity, particularly on the matter of our collective engagement with a wide range of public policy issues and globalization.” Coatsworth is a leading expert on Latin Ameri- can economic and international history. He taught at the University of Chicago from 1969 until he joined the Harvard faculty in 1992. From 1992 until 2007, he was Monroe Gutman Professor of Latin American Affairs at Harvard, where he also served as the founding director of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies from its creation in 1994 until 2006. In addition, he chaired the Harvard University Committee on Human Rights Studies. His other academic posts have included visiting professorships at El Colegio de México, the National Autonomous University of Mexico, the National University of Buenos Aires, the Instituto Torcuato di Tella in Buenos Aires, and the Instituto Ortega y Gassett in Madrid. A onetime Guggenheim fellow, Coatsworth is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Council on Foreign Relations, and numerous professional associations. He is a former president of the American Historical Association and was recently elected to the presidency of the Latin American Studies Association. He first came to Columbia as a visiting professor in 2006–2007 and joined the faculty in 2007 before becoming acting dean of SIPA.

38 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

SIPA in Ten Years—Radical Changes on the Way By Democritos Mavrellis

the Departments of Political advanced skills available to all students that will Science and Economics, will strengthen students’ career prospects by making move with SIPA to Manhat- them more competitive in the job market. Every tanville or remain on the student will be required to have a concentration Morningside Heights campus. as well as a specialization. Dean John Coatsworth The curriculum review hopes the curriculum changes—which are likely to process is well under way. be implemented in the fall of 2009—will provide During her tenure as dean, a better organized, more coherent education and Professor Lisa Anderson initi- will allow students to better prepare themselves by ated the curriculum review choosing policy concentrations and skill-oriented in an attempt to streamline specializations tailored to the professional careers SIPA’s sprawling offering of they are seeking. Architectural rendering of Manhattanville in the future. concentrations and to focus Also on the agenda is a plan to give SIPA the curriculum on a few areas greater financial and academic autonomy from the he School of International and Public Affairs of academic and research excellence. According to Arts and Sciences, thereby providing the School (SIPA) is set to undergo radical changes in Professor Robert Lieberman, the co-chair of the re- with more control of its own resources. Under this Tthe near future, including a new dean, a view, the core curriculum of the MIA and MPA pro- proposal, SIPA would maintain a beneficial aca- streamlined and revised curriculum, budgetary grams will not undergo a dramatic change, reflect- demic relationship with the Arts and Sciences, yet independence from the Arts and Sciences, and a ing the strength and relevance of the current core. gain increased budgetary and administrative inde- new building in Manhattanville. These changes A small but important change under consideration pendence. This will put SIPA on a similar footing promise to vitally transform the SIPA we know is the addition of a mandatory management class with the Law School and the Business School by today and will keep SIPA competitive and relevant for all MIA students, much like the current public allowing the School to have more say in its faculty for the 21st century. management class in the MPA program. Expand- appointments and in determining its academic and The proposal to move to Manhattanville reflects ing the role of workshops is also being considered, research needs. According to Dean Coatsworth, the a major commitment by the University to SIPA’s making these capstone projects mandatory for all time frame for financial autonomy is two to three long-term future importance as a center of inter- MIAs to give students more experience working years, with academic autonomy to follow. disciplinary thinking, teaching, and public policy with practitioners and real-world clients. These are all issues that will dramatically research at Columbia. While the proposed move to The biggest change, for students as well as transform SIPA from the way it is today. And these Manhattanville is scheduled to be completed by faculty, will be the overall reduction of concentra- are all issues that Dean Coatsworth will have to the end of 2015, the planning for the new build- tions—through the merger of existing concentra- confront as he ushers SIPA into the 21st century. ing has already begun. Phase One of the Manhat- tions—to create five or six “super” concentrations In ten years, the hope is that SIPA will be in a tanville project includes a new building for SIPA, that focus on major areas of public policy. Each new building appropriate to the needs of its ambi- to be located at the northwest corner of 12th concentration will be organized around a group tious faculty and students; the School will have Avenue and 130th Street. Other new buildings of academic and practitioner faculty who work substantially increased student fellowship support, that are scheduled to be built during Phase One in these areas. This will create fewer and more allowing it to draw the most talented students from include the Business School, the School of the focused concentrations and make better use of around the world; and its faculty will have a much Arts, and the Jerome L. Greene Science Center, the School’s resources. Economic and Politi- more visible research profile. which will house Columbia’s interdisciplinary cal Development (EPD), International Security With these resources secured, SIPA will be Mind, Brain, and Behavior Initiative. Policy (ISP), and Human Rights will remain able to fulfill its aspiration of working to solve the The proposed SIPA building will have approxi- as they are. However, the current energy and world’s most challenging public needs, acting as mately 250,000 square feet of space and state- environment programs will be merged together, a bridge between the academy, the public sector, of-the-art technologies for research and teaching. as will International Finance and Policy (IFP) and private corporations, and nonprofit organizations. According to Dean John Coatsworth, the planning International Economic Policy (IEP); and Social phase will involve students as well as faculty and Policy and Urban Policy. International Media and Democritos Mavrellis is a second-year Interna- staff, with the aim of making SIPA’s new home Communications (IMC) and Management and tional Economic Policy concentrator. as user friendly as possible. Still undecided is Advanced Policy and Economic Analysis (APEA) whether other parts of the University closely affili- will no longer be concentrations; instead, they ated with SIPA, such as the regional institutes or will be among a set of specializations—providing

SIPA NEWS 39 inside SIPA

IMC’s Media Ace Retires By David Trilling

the knee, a source of trouble his whole life. York Times; that was the top for most writers.” But Finally, he returned to Cornell—where he when a friend asked him to interview at Columbia’s had completed three-quarters of a year before Journalism School, he decided to visit and see entering the service—on the G.I. Bill. There he what was happening. Within a few years he was met his wife, Jane, when they were both studying academic dean and teaching a full roster of news- in a summer program. A group blind date at the paper and magazine courses at his alma mater. beginning of the semester turned into a lifelong He came to SIPA in 1990 to design and imple- partnership. “Jane is so sick of me telling this ment the IMC concentration. One year became story,” he giggles. two, and despite plans to retire, he was hooked: The first day of classes “I spotted her right “I’ve found the students here really intelligent and away and made sure I sat next to her. That was the interesting, and the whole environment challeng- beginning of it. I saw her every day that summer ing. It has more dimensions than I found at the and was completely hooked and fortunately she J-School. The students have been around; they was too.” know the world and have experiences. I like that As Johnston reflects on his postwar life, it so many are international students.” sounds defined by a boundless excitement for In his characteristically soft voice, he says the world and the future. After completing his of his time here: “I was stimulated; I still am. I master’s at Columbia’s Journalism School, he and like to see what the students do and the progress n his herringbone jacket and regimental striped Jane decided adventure was more important than they make. I’m absolutely thrilled to see students’ tie, with immaculately parted hair and a kindly, furniture for their veteran’s apartment, and they bylines on stories all over the world.” Indeed, in Ibemused smile, Professor Donald “Pete” traveled on a shoestring budget through Europe, class he speaks fondly about his former students Johnston has cut the figure of an eminent scholar purchasing a little Renault they would sell upon with both pride and encouragement. in the halls of IAB for the last 18 years. their departure—“it was a toy, really.” Luckily for SIPA and the next generation of stu- To IMCers past and present, he is the star of Returning, he followed a lead from his brother, dents, Professor Johnston will continue teaching our program and the wise mentor of our experience a sports writer in Buffalo, and signed up as one of his coveted writing course next fall. Anyone who here at SIPA. This year, though, he is retiring as two reporters for the 10,000-circulation Tonawan- hasn’t had the benefit of his guidance would be the International Media and Communications con- da News. Johnston covered “the school board, the foolish to miss the instruction of one of Columbia’s centration director, and we will miss his guidance. village council, the fire department, the police best-kept secrets. Those of us entering a career Johnston’s life itself is inspiration to us. It department . . . I learned quickly, but it was sort in writing and media will follow his insight and exemplifies the classic newsman tradition so many of boring; I was aiming higher than that.” counsel for years to come. of us still seek, with 25 years as a journalist at the He moved to the Buffalo office of United Press country’s top publications. What few people know, (which later became United Press International) This article was originally printed in though, is that Johnston led a life of adventure for four years before transferring to the foreign bu- Communiqué. before his career even started. He was seriously reau at UPI’s New York headquarters. For another injured and nearly killed in World War II. He calls nine years Johnston reported for UPI—four from it “sort of irrelevant now,” but in 1944, eight the United Nations—until he grew restless again. missions shy of his discharge, Red Dog—as his “Believe it or not, I saw an ad in the New York Air Force buddies knew the sprightly red headed Times for a position in the New York Times,” he 20-year-old—survived the crash of his B-17 Flying says, laughing at the irony. Fortress over Italy. He took a job writing and editing in the Week “I was knocked out because I was in the nose; in Review section. From New York, he wrote about lucky I wasn’t killed right away,” he shyly admits Vietnam and the race for space. These were the after a little prodding. “But my left leg was all man- feature stories that characterize the elegance of gled; it was broken and the ligaments around the that Sunday section: “It was exciting. I liked it knee were all chewed up, and by the time I gained because I knew the Week in Review was read all consciousness, it was hurting like the dickens.” over the world.” Johnston spent the next two years in and out But Johnston was always searching for the of military hospitals undergoing surgeries to repair next great thing. “It was hard to leave the New

40 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

SIPA MPA Alumni Return to NYC for 30th Anniversary Celebration By Rebekkah Schear

n February 16, 2008, SIPA hosted a daylong Venetia Lannon discussed the need to reclaim supports to youngsters returning to the community event to celebrate the 30th anniversary of its the city’s waterfront, for a variety of uses—com- from secure and nonsecure detention group OMPA program. The occasion drew alumni mercial and residential. Key to the city’s future homes.” from the New York vicinity, from out of state and will be using waterways for more sustainable forms The NYC panel, in conjunction with the two from abroad, from recent years, and from the first of transportation. “Freight movement will increase others held during the event, “Public/Private graduating classes—1979 and 1980. Alumni 47 percent by 2025,” she stated, which makes Partnerships” and “After Bush: Creative Ideas for joined current SIPA students, faculty, and staff to barge transport a superior option to truck transport U.S. Climate Policy,” highlighted the talent and mark a milestone for the MPA program. as the city’s population continues to grow. creativity that MPA alumni possess. It also SIPA professor of political science Ester Fuchs Lloyd Kass also spoke about the increasingly showcased the ways in which alumni have put to moderated a panel discussion on “The Future of green mentality of the Housing Authority’s use the skills they acquired at SIPA to influence New York City,” reflecting the MPA program’s deep projects. “We are changing the world one light and transform the world. As Fuchs commented, ties to the city. The panel included Neil Hernandez bulb at a time,” he commented, in reference to “[Our MPA alumni] are a dedicated group of public (MPA’98), commissioner of the Department of the city’s replacement of incandescent bulbs with servants who are not afraid to put their hearts and Juvenile Justice, Lloyd Kass (MPA’98), director of energy-efficient, compact fluorescent bulbs in heads into problem solving.” the Energy Department of the New York City thousands of NYC apartments. The day’s festivities culminated in a cocktail Housing Authority, and Venetia Lannon (MPA’97), Like his copanelists, Neil Hernandez discussed reception with a moving keynote address by New senior vice president of the New York City how his organization, the Department of Juvenile York Congressman Charles B. Rangel, who Economic Development Corporation. Justice (DJJ), is “heading in the right direction.” concluded by thanking SIPA alumni for having Their discussion focused on each organization’s In particular, he spoke about recent initiatives that dedicated their careers to public service. respective successes in making New York a the DJJ has undertaken, including the Collabora- competitive city in regard to quality of life, tive Family Initiative, which he described as a Rebekkah Schear is a first-year concentrator in economic stability, public safety, the educational “discharge planning and reentry initiative that Economic and Political Development. system, and environmental sustainability. seeks to provide treatment and family-focused

The C. V. Starr Scholarship Fund

IPA is pleased to announce the creation of in 1968 at the age of 76, leaving his estate to the its newest fellowship fund with the receipt Foundation. Sof a $250,000 gift from the Starr Founda- The Foundation is currently one of the largest tion. The fellowship will be known as the “C. V. private foundations in the United States. It makes Starr Scholarship Fund” and will be awarded to grants in a number of areas, including education, SIPA students beginning in the fall of 2008 on the medicine and health care, human needs, public basis of merit and need. The Starr Foundation has policy, culture, and the environment. SIPA is endowed C. V. Starr Scholarship Funds at more proud to be among the Foundation’s recipients. than 100 colleges and universities and selected secondary schools. The Starr Foundation was established in 1955 by Cornelius Vander Starr, an insurance entrepre- neur who founded the American International fam- ily of insurance and financial services companies, now known as American International Group, Inc. Mr. Starr, a pioneer of globalization, set up his first insurance venture in Shanghai in 1919. He died

SIPA NEWS 41 inside SIPA

Alumni Profile: Responding to the Needs of New York’s Troubled Youth By Ana Maria Currea

Hernandez took time from his busy schedule ebrating their accomplishments and career choices for an online interview with SIPA News. at the department’s End-of-the-Year Recognition Ceremony is the most rewarding. SIPA News: Why did you choose to attend SIPA? How did SIPA prepare you for the job? NH: I chose to attend SIPA for a combination of SIPA News: reasons, from the curriculum offered to the oppor- NH: My first job at the Department of Juvenile tunity to be taught by professors like Mayor David Justice immediately upon graduating from SIPA Dinkins and Dr. Ester Fuchs. was as an operations manager in a detention facil- ity. The MPA degree gave me the foundation to hit SIPA News: What were you doing before coming the ground running and to put what I learned into to SIPA? practice.

NH: I was an assistant district attorney in Suffolk County, New York. However, I wanted to branch SIPA News: What do you like most about New York? out within the criminal justice field into the areas NH: I’m biased because I was born and raised of policy and public management, while advancing here. However, it’s the capital of the world, where social justice issues. prospective students can find any opportunity to meet their career aspirations, and its diversity in SIPA News: What was your best experience at SIPA? general are just a couple of reasons why I love New York. NH: I enjoyed the workshops because they gave eil Hernandez, MPA ’98, began working at you a practical tool to apply in the public sec- the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) in tor, especially, working collaboratively with your SIPA News: Who have been key influences in 1998, the same year he received his MPA N classmates. your life? from SIPA. In December 2001, Mayor Michael R. NH: Being fortunate enough to have access to Bloomberg appointed him commissioner. As com- SIPA News: Tell us about your current post as the a scholar and practitioner like Dr. Ester Fuchs missioner, Hernandez is responsible for ensuring Juvenile Justice Commissioner? through my time at SIPA and in the Bloomberg public safety by caring for youth ordered to deten- administration has been very significant to me. tion by the judiciary, while simultaneously provid- NH: Since graduating from SIPA a decade ago, ing critical intervention in the areas of health, I have worked in various roles at DJJ, including Ana Maria Currea is a second-year Urban mental health, psychiatry services, recreation, and commissioner. It’s the critical work of the depart- Policy concentrator. voluntary religious services as part of the depart- ment that surpassed my expectations because ment’s case management and discharge planning while we protect public safety by maintaining model. custody of youths ordered to detention by the As part of the Bloomberg administration’s judiciary, the department also looks to be respon- juvenile justice reform efforts, the department has sive to the youths’ needs by redirecting their lives implemented initiatives to reduce unnecessary with an array of services provided while in care. detention, as well as develop partnerships with In addition, the department links youths and their juvenile justice stakeholders and community- families with community-based organizations ca- based organizations to identify supports for youths pable of serving the needs identified in detention and their families upon returning to the commu- as a way of ensuring that there is no disruption in nity. One such initiative, the Collaborative Family services once the youth is released back into the Initiative (CFI), which links youths in detention community. with mental health needs—two-thirds of detained youths—and their families with community- SIPA News: What is most rewarding? based organizations that have mental health and NH: Being affiliated with the department’s dedi- psychiatry capabilities, ensuring continuity of cated employees that do such a hard job and have services when youths return home. such an influence on the future of the city and cel-

42 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

Alumni Profile: Enhancing New York City Preparedness the McSweeney Way By Liat Shetret

graduate training make him the right man for the recognizing the tremendous value of living in the job. Prior to beginning his graduate work at SIPA, heart of New York City. At SIPA he saw the impor- he was deployed overseas several times. In 2003 tance of not just reading about issues, but also of his unit entered Iraq at the end of a nine-month going out to experience them. “float” that included operations and exercises in McSweeney’s closing comments were particu- the Balkans, Europe, and Africa. His military expe- larly insightful: “New York is a place where people rience is mainly in public affairs, civil affairs, and were hit really hard on 9/11 and came back really information operations. Shortly after graduating, hard. The city is taking the steps it needs to take he was deployed to Iraq to work on communication to increase awareness, improve communication, issues, mainly in Baghdad and Fallujah. and become a safer city, but we still have a lot of In describing his work in Iraq, McSweeney work to do.” shared an amusing yet sobering anecdote of being pushed to the front lines of the war with a horde Liat Shetret is a first-year International Secu- of reporters and journalists in tow—an attempt to rity Policy and Middle East concentrator originally accurately record and report the realities of war. from Israel. orningside Heights native and ’07 MIA He tells SIPA News that after his war experience, graduate Dan McSweeney has recently he often watched the events in Iraq unfold on Mbecome acquainted with an unusual side news broadcasts, frustrated by the lack of nuance, of New York City. As the executive coordinator for detail, or context in many reports. Counterterrorism Strategy for the Fire Department “There is an assumption by editors that your of New York City (FDNY), McSweeney is helping to average news consumer in America is unsophisti- accomplish the department’s mission to improve cated,” he says. “Our news coverage overlaps with the city’s ability to anticipate and respond to the entertainment culture, and that plays into the emergencies. He works at the FDNY’s Center for larger issue that many Americans have no desire to Terrorism and Disaster Preparedness. get involved in advocacy. Pressing issues are not His position brings him in contact with communicated in detail.” firehouses across the city and with out-of-state McSweeney left the Marine Corps’ active colleagues. International relationships are also duty to attend SIPA, where he concentrated in being developed. McSweeney’s efforts to cultivate International Security Policy (ISP). He remembers links with other organizations reflects the imple- courses such as “War, Peace and Strategy” with mentation of a comprehensive plan to increase Professor Richard K. Betts, and “Terrorism and the efficiency of emergency preparedness in the Globalization” with Major Reid L. Sawyer. His “all hazards” environment. This includes terrorist SIPA education helped him understand how policy threats, natural and man-made disasters, and is made and implemented, hone his writing skills, other potential emergencies. analyze organizational dynamics, and recognize “The FDNY is an icon, an organization that the increasing relevance of domestic first respond- has earned its status over many years,” says ers. His time at SIPA also helped him develop a McSweeney. “We are working to ensure that our greater historical and theoretical framework. efforts complement those of law enforcement Joining the FDNY represents a homecoming for and other public agencies.” He adds, “One of the McSweeney: He is back in New York and working main things our firefighters bring to the table is a in a position that allows him to draw on all of his high standing in the communities in which they strengths and experiences to date. The practi- work. I’d like to be part of the effort to develop cal side of this experience is clear: “We need to greater situational awareness and interoperability continue our commitment to developing a robust, for them.” well-coordinated, responsive, and innovative strat- McSweeney’s personal background, his profes- egy for the fire department,” he says. sional experience, Marine Corps service, and His advice to current SIPA students includes

SIPA NEWS 43 inside SIPA

New $1 Million Fellowship Fund at SIPA

affairs developed during his expertise is in Middle East politics and Saudi time at Harvard when he Arabia, and he is currently finishing a book on studied for a year in Paris and U.S.-Saudi relations from 1973 to 2007 entitled visited both Algiers and Tunis The King’s Messenger, Prince Bandar bin Sultan for his undergraduate thesis in and the Tangled U.S.-Saudi Relationship. Bandar history. His family’s lifelong was the Saudi ambassador to Washington from involvement in newspaper 1983 to 2005. publishing explains his strong Dr. Marina Ottaway is also a graduate of attraction to journalism. Columbia’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Dr. Ottaway worked for receiving a PhD in sociology in 1974. She is the The Washington Post from director of the Middle East program at Carnegie 1971 to 2006: from 1994 to Endowment for International Peace and special- 2006, he was an investiga- izes in democracy and postconflict reconstruction tive/special projects reporter; issues, with a special focus on problems of from 1990 to 1992, he was political transformation in the Middle East and IPA is very proud to announce the generous the Central and Southern Europe bureau chief reconstruction in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Balkans, gift on behalf of Drs. David and Marina based in Vienna, Austria; from 1985 to 1990, he and African countries. She is also a senior SOttaway for the creation of a new fellowship was a national security correspondent; from 1981 associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law fund at SIPA. With their gift of $1 million, the to 1984 he was the Cairo bureau chief; from 1973 Project, a research endeavor that analyzes the Ottaways will create the Ottaway Fellowship Fund, to 1979, he was the Africa bureau chief based in state of democracy around the world and the which will provide full tuition for two students at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Lusaka, Zambia; and efforts of the United States and other countries to SIPA, with special consideration given to students from 1971 to 1973, he was the assistant foreign promote democracy. Her most recent book, from underrepresented socioeconomic groups. editor. Earlier, he was a New York Times/Time Uncharted Journey: Democracy Promotion in the Besides two long and distinguished careers in Magazine correspondent in Algiers, Algeria. Middle East (co-edited with Thomas Carothers), the field of international affairs, David and Marina In 2004, Dr. Ottaway and Washington Post was published in 2005. She carried out research Ottaway have demonstrated a deep, philanthropic reporter Joe Stephens received the 2004 Gerald in Africa and in the Middle East for many years commitment to furthering the educational Loeb Award for business, financial, and economic and taught at the University of Addis Ababa and attainment of disadvantaged students. Over the journalism for their series “Big Green,” which the University of the Witwatersand in South Africa. years, they have created fellowship funds at a looked into activities of The Nature Conservancy. “I am deeply touched by this extraordinary act number of educational institutions, including The same series made them a finalist for the of generosity on the part of David and Marina scholarships for doctoral students at Columbia Pulitzer Prize and won them a top award from the Ottaway,” stated Dean John H. Coatsworth. “The University’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Investigative Reporters and Editors, Inc. In 2005, Ottaway Fellowship will have a lasting impact at undergraduates at Harvard and Colby College, and they won the George Polk Award in Foreign SIPA, providing needed financial support for SIPA for African-American students at Lawrenceville Reporting for their critical exposé of the U.S.-led students for decades to come.” Dr. David Ottaway School in New Jersey and Sidwell Friends in reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan and the U.S. is currently a member of SIPA’s Board of Advisors Washington, D.C. “We strongly believe that Agency for International Development’s misuse of and a member of its Executive Committee. The education is the best way to level the playing field Congressional funds for those efforts. In 2003, Dr. Ottaway Fellowships will be awarded beginning in for all Americans regardless of color, creed, or Ottaway shared the National Press Club’s Edwin the fall of 2008. ethnicity by making accessible to them the best M. Hood Diplomatic Correspondence Award with schools and universities.” Post former managing editor Robert Kaiser for a David Ottaway graduated magna cum laude series on U.S.-Saudi relations in the wake of 9/11. from Harvard University in 1962 and obtained a He is also the recipient of several Overseas Press PhD in 1972 in political science from the Club awards. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at Columbia Dr. Ottaway is currently a senior scholar at the University. In addition, he completed the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars distinguished International Fellows Program at in Washington, D.C., having been a fellow there SIPA in 1963. Dr. Ottaway’s interest in foreign during the 2006–2007 academic year. His

44 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

The Lisa Anderson Fellowship Fund

n recognition of Lisa Anderson’s significant research, including the MPA in Environmental accomplishments as dean of SIPA Science and Policy, with its pioneering natural I(1997–2007), SIPA’s Office of Development is science curriculum for policymakers, and SIPA’s pleased to announce the creation of the Lisa first doctoral program, the PhD in Sustainable Anderson Fellowship Fund, established on her Development. This program offers a unique, behalf by SIPA’s Advisory Board, close friends, and interdisciplinary doctoral education combining colleagues to acknowledge her leadership during economics with other social and natural sciences. her tenure as dean. Over the last decade, Dean Anderson has Lisa Anderson’s decade as dean of Columbia cultivated relationships with public policy schools University’s School of International and Public around the globe, promoting an association of Affairs was characterized by bold initiatives that leading graduate institutions known as the Global modernized the curriculum, enhanced the Public Policy Network (GPPN). The Global Public scholarly reputation of the School, and expanded Policy Network fosters collaborative public policy Professor Lisa Anderson and Dean John H. Coatsworth SIPA’s reach far beyond Morningside Heights. She research, faculty exchanges, team teaching, case recruited numerous distinguished faculty, doubling study development, global executive training the size of the faculty and building a research programs, student exchanges, and international profile that today is widely recognized in the policy dual degree programs. SIPA’s network currently world and in the social sciences. Pointing to includes collaborations with the London School of increased connections between international and Economics, Sciences Po in Paris, the Lee Kuan domestic policymaking, Anderson advocated closer Yew School of Public Policy at the National integration of the Master of International Affairs University of Singapore, the Centro de Investiga- and Master of Public Administration programs, so ciones y Docencias Economicas (CIDE, Mexico that the two student and faculty communities now City), the University of Tokyo Graduate School of share common goals, perspectives, and identities. Public Policy, and the Hertie School of Governance Dean Anderson also oversaw the development in Berlin. of several new initiatives that strengthened the Under Dean Anderson’s guidance, SIPA saw its School’s connections with New York City’s admissions, career services, and student affairs professional communities. In 1999, with the operations professionalized. She revitalized and support of a multimillion-dollar gift from former institutionalized the Dean’s Advisory Board and, dean Harvey Picker, she created the Picker Center through the celebrations of the School’s 60th for Executive Education and the Executive Master anniversary in 2006, renewed the School’s alumni of Public Administration program. The Picker outreach and strengthened its global community of Center now runs executive training programs for scholars. More than 40 percent of SIPA’s alumni public officials from the Fire Department of New graduated during her tenure, and many of them York, the Federal Aviation Administration, are actively involved in alumni activities in the members of the Northern Ireland Community 155 countries where they live and work. Builders Association, government officials from The Lisa Anderson Fellowship will be awarded China, and executives from China Central for the first time in the fall of 2008. We would like Television, among many others. to thank SIPA’s Board and other close friends SIPA’s Center for Energy, Marine Transportation whose generosity made the Fellowship possible. and Public Policy was established under Dean The Anderson Fellowship will not only create a Anderson’s leadership with support from several lasting tribute to Professor Anderson, but it will major corporations, including ExxonMobil, and a also help to build fellowship support at SIPA, multimillion-dollar gift from the Onassis Founda- which remains a key priority for the School. tion. In collaboration with The Earth Institute, Anderson developed innovative programs that combine public policy with natural science

SIPA NEWS 45 inside SIPA

Harvey Picker: SIPA’s Former Dean and Longtime Friend By JoAnn Crawford

years), leading the company in advancing cobalt program, no outstanding executive training initia- therapy for cancer treatment and nuclear imaging tives such as the Northern Ireland Community diagnostics, among other innovations. Builders, or the FDNY Officers Management Initia- Picker’s business acumen and public spirited- tive. Dean Picker thought like the outstanding ness served both him and Columbia well when businessman he was but made decisions with both he made the transition to the academy. During his head and his heart,” said William Eimicke, his tenure as dean, the School tripled in size, its director of the Picker Center. second degree program—the Master of Public Even in retirement, Picker continued his volunteer Administration—was added, and the School of and philanthropic work. He began the Camden International Affairs was renamed as the School of Conference, a yearly forum on international topics, International and Public Affairs. founded the Maine Health Care Conference, served on “The vision of SIPA as a global public policy numerous local boards, including the Camden Public school would not have been possible without the Library, the Camden-Rockport Development Com- work that he did to establish policy analysis and mittee, the Penobscot Marine Museum, the Maine public management as core disciplines in this Medical Assessment Foundation, and the Mid-Coast school. His contribution to the development of Forum in International Affairs and was the owner arvey Picker, third dean of the School of SIPA was profound and fundamental,” said Steven and operator of Wayfarer Marine Corp. in Camden. In International and Public Affairs and a gener- Cohen, director of the MPA in Environmental 1995, he was named Townsperson of the Year by the Hous donor to the School, died on March 22, Science and Policy and executive director of The Camden-Rockport-Lincolnville Chamber of Commerce. 2008, at the age of 92, in Camden, Maine. Earth Institute at Columbia University. An article in MaineCoastNOW.com summed it When he became dean in 1972, Picker had already been a successful businessman and in- novator. Though at the time, appointing a dean “I will never forget Dean Harvey Picker’s personal intervention to ensure that, as a poor without academic experience was noted as an foreign student, I received the necessary funding to attend Columbia University’s School of unusual choice, in hindsight, Picker’s career path exemplifies the spirit of SIPA. Like the students International Affairs. Finding out that I was of Armenian origin, he added with a reassuring who would follow him, Picker bridged both the smile, ‘Armenians are on the top of every list!’” —Harut Sassounian MIA ’75 (Glendale, Calif.) private and nonprofit sectors, combined practical experience with imagination, and embodied the adage to “think globally, act locally.” Picker’s commitment to SIPA and to public ser- up best: “Throughout his life, Mr. Picker believed A graduate of Colgate University (1936), Picker vice did not end with his term as dean. In 1986, he in the challenge of, and took great pleasure in, received an MBA from Harvard and studied at created the Picker Institute, a global, independent finding ways to empower people through educa- Oxford, before going to work for Picker X-Ray, the nonprofit dedicated to advancing patient-centered tion. He believed in personal responsibility, and company that was founded by his father in 1914 care and creating patient satisfaction surveys to in being answerable for the consequences to and acquired by General Electric Co. Ltd., of improve the delivery of medical services worldwide. others of decisions made by people with power England in 1981. “Understanding and respecting patients’ values, over others. He believed that identifying problems Picker’s commitment to public service and gener- preferences, and expressed needs is the foundation and solving them was the most fun a person could osity dates back to World War II, when Picker X-Ray, of patient-centered care,” Picker said. have other than sailing along the Maine coast on in collaboration with the U.S. Army, developed X-ray Harvey Picker’s interest in SIPA continued a sunny September afternoon. Finally, he believed equipment compact and sturdy enough to be para- as well. Over the years, he funded the upgrading that he had been graced with an enormous amount chuted into the field. Unwilling to profit from the war, of SIPA’s Computer Lab, which bears his name, of luck and good fortune in his life, and he never Picker and his father sent the U.S. Treasury a check travel grants for students’ summer internships, the ceased to express his gratitude for it.” for $3 million, their share of the equipment’s profits. Picker Prize for Public Service awarded annually Surely, it was SIPA’s good fortune as well, and Picker made a further contribution as a lieuten- at SIPA’s graduation ceremony, and the Picker the School is grateful to his family and friends for ant commander in the Navy. He was chosen to work Center, which oversees the Executive MPA program his lasting generosity, leadership, and inspiration. with a team of physicists on the secret development and a growing list of nondegree programs. of radar at an MIT lab. After the war, Picker became “Without the generosity and insight of Harvey JoAnn Crawford is managing editor of SIPA News. president of Picker X-Ray (a position he held for 25 Picker, there would be no Picker Center, no EMPA

46 SIPA NEWS class notes SIPA

Class Notes Compiled by Tania Tanvir

U.S. policies on comprehensive has organized several afterwork 1968 sexual and reproductive health 1983 socials at local wine bars and Martin Belsky, MIA in the Dominican Republic, Glenn Kessler, MIA restaurants, held two buffet and JD Law ’68, IF ’68 Ethiopia, and Botswana. She Glenn has been diplomatic summer concert events at On January 1 of this year, serves as a member of the correspondent for the Blossom Outdoor Music Martin became the dean of the internal NIH IRB. Jill’s Washington Post for the past Center, a Spring Tea and School of Law and Randolph daughter, Dani Prados, five years. In September, St. Garden event at the Rockefeller Baxter Professor of Law at the graduated from Lewis & Clark Martin’s Press published his Greenhouse, and an upcoming University of Akron. College in Oregon and has book The Confidante: Condoleezza Columbia author reading. The been doing theater work in Rice and the Creation of the Bush events have had a great group Chicago and the UK. Her Legacy, an account of Rice’s of participants from all schools. youngest daughter, Tasha diplomacy that former national 1974 security advisor Zbiginiew James Bruno, MIA Prados, is a first-year student at UNC-Chapel Hill and spends Brzezinski lauded as “timely James has published two 1986 her summers working in rural El and important.” Glenn is novels. The political thrillers Catherine O’Neill, MIA Salvador in a former FMLN married to Cindy Rich (MIA Permanent Interests and Chasm deal Cathy has retired from the zone. Jill’s stepdaughter, Kini, is ’84), a senior international with treachery and abuse of United Nations, where she had a first-year student at Brown policy analyst at Morrison & power at the highest levels. worked as the director of the University. Jill’s recent work Foerster, and they live in Distributed by Ingram Books, UN office in Washington, D.C. travel includes DR, Ethiopia, McLean, Virginia, with their the novels are being carried by She was responsible for Uruguay (for IPAS on abortion three children. major book retailers worldwide. working with congressional rights), Vietnam, and India (for He’s also a graduate of the U.S. committees and keeping ICRW). Naval War College and served Congress posted on UN 1984 activities. She has spent more as a diplomat with the U.S. Mark Spitz, MIA State Department for 23 years. than 29 years as an advocate of Mark is general counsel at His third novel will soon be 1981 refugee women and children’s Pomeroy IT Solutions, Inc., in published. He lives with his Sichan Siv, MIA, IF ’81 issues. She founded the the Cincinnati, Ohio, area. The wife and two daughters in Ambassador Siv has recently Women’s Commission for company is in the computer upstate New York. authored Golden Bones: An Extra- Refugee Women and products and services business. ordinary Journey from Hell in Children—which is based in While his current company Cambodia to a New Life in America, New York City and is still to be published on July 1, 2008, does not do a lot of interna- going strong. It received a $1 1977 tional business, at previous Allan I. Grafman, MIA by HarperCollins. Golden Bones million grant last year from the tells of an extraordinary escape companies and law firms he Gates Foundation to support its IF ’77, MBA ’80 from Cambodia’s forced labor found the SIPA experience and work. She has been a board Allan has been elected camps to an American journey degree to be of great use. Mark member of the International chairman of Majesco from apple orchards to the White has lived in Cincinnati for 17 Rescue Committee for more Entertainment, a video game House. For more information on years, since finishing law than 20 years and is now a company. He recently joined the author or to preorder a school, and has been married to member of the board of the board of OnNetworks: Mona for 23 years. They have a copy of Golden Bones visit: overseers. www.onnetworks.com, a http://www.sichansiv.com/. daughter who is a college company that raised $12 freshman and a son in 10th million in November 2007. He grade. Mark would love to hear has also been elected to the from any classmates or other 1990 Harry Sullivan, MIA board of ZVUE, a global digital 1982 SIPA grads. media company. Helen Drusine, MIA Harry assumed his duties as GS ’66, MS Journalism ’71 consul in Lyon, France, where Helen has just started teaching he’ll remain until 2010. He’ll Pilates in Chelsea and on the 1985 promote economic and cultural 1978 Kevin O’Neil, MIA Upper East Side of Manhattan. ties between the U.S. and the Jill Gay, MIA Over the past several years, You can visit her Web site at southeast French regions of Jill is working as a consultant Kevin has been the Events www.helendrusinepilates.com. Rhone-Alpes, Burgundy, and for CHANGE (www. Coordinator for the CU alumni Auvergne. genderhealth.org), assessing chapter in Cleveland, Ohio. He

SIPA NEWS 47 Class Notes SIPA

Investment, National Security, 1991 1992 and Strategic Industries. He 1993 Dawn Murdock, MIA, EPD Andrea Goldstein, MIA joined the organization as a Lisa Dokken, MPA Dawn is working as a Andrea was appointed deputy young professional in Lisa recently accepted a fund-raiser for Church World director of the Heiligendamm September 1993 and has position at Ameya Preserve Service, an international relief Dialogue Process Support worked at the Economics located in Bozeman, Montana, and development agency Unit, an appointment that Department and the as director of Community based in New York City. She became effective on January Development Centre. Before Relations/Environmental Policy. specializes in major founda- 15, 2008. An Italian citizen, he joining the OECD, Andrea Lisa was previously employed tions and corporations grants. was previously a senior worked as an economist at at the United Nations Dawn lives in New Jersey with economist at the OECD Consob, the Italian Securities Development Programme as her husband and three sons. Directorate for Financial and and Exchange Commission. environment director of Enterprise Affairs, in charge of He has also worked at the Capacity 21 for Latin America. the Project on Freedom of World Bank Group in After years of living overseas Washington and consulted for and raising two daughters, she the Inter-American Develop- is helping launch Ameya ment Bank and the UK Preserve. Ameya Preserve is Department for International developing a sustainable Development. Andrea is the development community like author of five books in no other in the Northern international economics and Rockies, celebrating the arts 26 articles in refereed journals. and sciences while protecting the fragile ecosystem of the Alfred LaSpina, MIA Greater Yellowstone Region. Alfred and Audrey LaSpina are Check out its Web site at proud to announce the birth of ameyapreserve.com. twins (a girl and a boy). Their new little bundles of joy Sharon Epperson, MIA arrived on Tuesday, September Sharon has been a correspon- 4. Alexander Sebastian was dent at CNBC for the past ten born at 7:55 a.m. and weighed 6 lbs, 3 oz, followed by Ava years and has written on Southern at 7:56 a.m., who personal finance forTime, USA weighed 6 lbs, 12 oz. They join Weekend, Essence, and Self. Her older sisters Isabella, 4, and recent book, THE BIG PAYOFF: Mia, 3. They now have four 8 Steps Couples Can Take to Make children under 4 and are tired The Most of Their Money—And but happy parents. Alfred is a Live Richly Ever After, hit stores in marketing manager for Osram May 2007. In the book, she Sylvania’s automotive talks about how she and her consumer lighting division. husband have juggled work, family, and finances. They have Donna Van Cott, MIA two children ages 6 and 3. Donna was appointed associate With guidance from dozens of professor with tenure at the financial experts and anecdotes University of Connecticut. from many couples, the book Her most recent book, From offers an eight-step plan to Movements to Parties in Latin help couples get a handle on America: The Evolution of Ethnic their finances and meet their Conflict (Cambridge University financial goals. You can check it Press, 2005) was a 2006 out at http://www.amazon.com/ Choice Outstanding Academic exec/obidos/ASIN/006074488X/ Title and was named 2006 Best harpercollinspub/. Book in Comparative Politics from the American Political William Wechsler, MIA Science Association’s organized William was recently promoted section on Race, Ethnicity, and to managing director at Politics. Greenwich Associates, where

48 SIPA NEWS class notes SIPA

he leads the firm’s consulting to Tunisia, after five years with the asset managers around the United Kingdom Department globe. He lives in Westport, for International Development Connecticut, with his wife in Lima, Peru, and Glasgow, Helaine Klasky and their two Scotland. Carlos’s new job young sons, Alexander, 5 and entails supporting African Daniel, 3. countries in their efforts to promote good governance and fight corruption. Carlos has 1994 been married to Anja Linder Haoliang Xu, MIA since 2003, when they wed in Haoliang Xu was recently Cusco, Peru, near Machu promoted to UN resident Picchu. He can be found in coordinator and UNDP Facebook. resident representative in Kazakhstan from UNDP country director in Pakistan. 1996 “I am most pleased to share the Balbina Hwang, MIA news. It is the first time a Balbina recently accepted a Chinese national is appointed position at the U.S. State to this position. I am grateful Department in Washington, for the SIPA education, without D.C., as senior special advisor which my career development to Christopher Hill, assistant would not have been possible.” secretary for East Asia. She will be working primarily on negotiations with North Korea 1995 but also Asia at large. Balbina Ramendra Basak, PEPM completed a PhD in Interna- After graduation, Ramendra tional Relations at George- had been out of the loop, but town University and was now she is trying to reconnect dividing her time between with her fellow classmates. She teaching there and working at has attempted to connect with a think tank. Sanjeev of India, Martin Amadou of Ghana, Wismana Suryaprada of Indonesia, Nguen Trong of Vietnam, Carmen of Canada, 1997 Shola Mahoney of Africa, Jennifer Chang Chernick, Darlene Harris, and others. She MIA urges her classmates to update Jennifer would like to share their information so that she some news about her profes- Career Guide: How to Land a Job American Humanics’ “Initiative can contact them. sional development with That Makes a Difference for Nonprofit Sector Careers.” faculty, staff, and classmates. (Fieldstone), is being released She is living in New York City Kedin Kilgore, MPA Two articles about her work this May. It is an up-to-date with her husband Michael Kedin recently accepted a in China appeared in Time and comprehensive guidebook Stern (music director of the position at JP Morgan Chase in magazine (June 28, 2007) on nonprofit sector careers Kansas City Symphony) and New York as head, Environ- and the Taipei Times (April 15, targeted to college students, their daughter. mental Markets. He recently 2007). They may be accessed, young professionals, and poten- was employed at RNK Capital respectively, at http://www. tial “sector switchers” who are Paula Flores, MIA, MSW LLC as head trader, Environ- time.com/time.magazine/ar- interested in public service Paula has returned to school mental Markets. ticle/0,9171,1638166,00.html careers. The book provides again after several years of and http://www.taipeitimes. current data on the size and working as a consultant and in Carlos Santiso, MIA, IF ’95 com/News/feat/archives/2007/ scope of the nonprofit sector nonprofits, both in Argentina Carlos has recently been 04/15/2003356798/print. and an overview of the types of and New York. Wanting her appointed manager of the organizations working in it. fieldwork to go even deeper Governance Division at the Shelly Cryer, MIA Shelly has been a consultant into the grassroots level, she is African Development Bank and Shelly is happy to announce to nonprofit organizations for getting a master’s in social work posted in its headquarters in that her first book,The Nonprofit 18 years. She is the founder of at Hunter College. If any SIPA

SIPA NEWS 49 Class Notes SIPA

ceremony will take place on August 31, 2008, in Lancaster, New York. Brandon and Kelly have been dating for more than three years, and after the wedding, they are looking forward to moving to Chicago.

Alina Rocha Menocal, MIA, MPhil ’03 Alina moved to London in 2001 and has really enjoyed it. She and her husband had a baby boy, Teodoro, in July 2006, and he is pure joy and happiness. Alina has been working at the Overseas Development Institute, a leading think tank on development issues, since 2005. Laure-Helene Piron, also from her year at SIPA, was there for a long time as well. Alina has seen other classmates when they were in London, MPA alumni from the Class of 1997 at the MPA 30th anniversary celebration in New York on Feb. 16, 2008. including Ana Cutter (now Patel); Brad Myers; Eric Moen and Melissa Magallones, and alums have also gone into for Humanity-NYC. Habitat- Foundation, and Jonathan was their son Joaquin, who moved social work, please feel free to NYC is a leading affiliate of promoted to finance director at to London last year; and Gwyn e-mail her to compare Habitat for Humanity TriNet. He currently works Wansbrough and Andres experiences. She is particularly International and builds from home, heading up the Dussan, who also have interested in how others have affordable homes for ownership company’s M&A work. recently moved to London used their MIA and MSW in New York City’s five with their children Diego and degree combination in their boroughs. Josh is taking Daniela. She is in very close career choices. Habitat-NYC’s helm at a 1998 touch with Irma Hidalgo, watershed time in its history, as Jennifer Chang Carmichael, whose son Patricio is just a bit Scott Licamele, MIA it embarks on larger-scale, MIA older than Teo and lives in Scott is a vice president at environmentally friendly, Jennifer didn’t plan to take her Mexico, Natalia Royo and her Renaissance Capital and is affordable housing. SIPA degree and try to qualify family in Madrid, and Jose based in Kiev. Renaissance for Hong Kong’s 2008 Olympic Luis Vinuesa, whom she Capital is the leading Jennifer Morris, MIA Show Jumping Team, but that’s visited in Addis Ababa not too independent investment Jennifer and Greg Love (MIA, what she’s been up to. She went long ago. She wishes everyone banking firm operating in ’97) are proud to announce the to Hong Kong nearly seven well, and here’s to London! Russia and the Commonwealth birth of a baby girl, Haily years ago with Wintar’s of Independent States (CIS). Wray. She was born on point-to-multipoint startup The firm serves both domestic September 14, 2007. wireless telecom venture and Teresa (Bergada) Turiera, companies and international has landed in the world of MIA clients investing in the CIS. Jonathan Waterbury, MIA international show jumping, Teresa is currently living in Since its inception in 1995, the After nine years in the San chasing a dream that began Barcelona. She is in search of firm has raised more than USD Francisco Bay Area, Jonathan long ago. She sends all the best her classmates from 1997 and 50 billion for its clients—more Waterbury and Ana Maria to her classmates. 1998. She wanted to contact, than any other financial Enriquez (MIA ’98) have specifically, a colleague from institution in the region. returned to New York. Ana Kelly Clark, MIA the class of ’98, Ragi (nick- Maria was appointed program Kelly and Brandon Beck are name), from India, who was Joshua Lockwood, MIA manager for the International happy to announce their active at the International Joshua was recently promoted Initiative to Strengthen engagement. The wedding Student House and was also to executive director at Habitat Philanthropy at The Ford

50 SIPA NEWS class notes SIPA

working on environmental She is a German-American (www.rae.gr). He works at the Fredrik Wesslau, MIA issues. Teresa hopes to citizen and can speak German Department of International Fredrik recently left Kosovo reconnect with her classmates fluently. She would appreciate Affairs and Energy Planning, after working in various and urges them to contact her. any contacts fellow classmates specializing on issues of capacities for the United might have in Munich, international energy trade (gas Nations and the OSCE for Germany. pipelines, LNG, cross-border nearly four years. His latest job 1999 electricity trade, and in Kosovo was as special Barry Blackmon, MIA Brooke Pomerantz, MPA interconnections between advisor to the SRSG. This Barry retired from the United Brooke was recently licensed in Greece and the Balkans). In spring, he is starting his new States Army on November 1, the state of California and addition, he works as an job as political advisor to the 2007, after more than two works as a licensed clinical external consultant to the East EU special representative for decades of service. His last social worker. In addition to West Institute (EWI) Transfron- South Caucasus. assignment in the military was her full-time job at UCSF- tier Regional Project in the as a Strategic Arms Reduction Langley Porter Psychiatric Balkans and recently developed Treaty mission commander, Institute, she started a private and completed a policy report 2004 Defense Threat Reduction practice this year for individual, on cross-border trade among Eduardo Rivas, MIA Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. couples, family, and group the border areas of Kosovo, Eduardo is currently working in He and his family will remain therapy in the financial district Serbia and Macedonia. He Silicon Valley as a corporate in the national capitol region, of San Francisco. continues to cooperate with attorney for O’Melveny & and he will be seeking international consulting Myers LLP. He lives in Palo employment in the government Sarah Richards, MIA, MS companies on issues of Alto and so far things are going sector or with a defense Journalism ’01 international trade and well in Northern California. He economic development. contractor. For now, Barry is Sarah received a book contract will be temporarily relocating enjoying a relatively peaceful with Simon & Schuster for The to Mexico City this fall/winter vacation before the “next Clock Ticker’s Reprieve: The New on a corporate assignment. storm.” He sends his best Frontier of Egg Freezing and How It’s 2003 wishes to all. Transforming the Baby Race. The Claire Adida, MIA Ganapathy Venkatachalam, Claire is entering into her final narrative nonfiction book MIA year at Stanford’s political follows four women who have Deepak recently accepted a had their eggs frozen and science PhD program and is 2000 position at ABN AMRO Bank chronicles the impact on their about to apply for academic Laura Ballman, MIA in Singapore as vice president romantic, professional, and jobs for the fall. She recently After graduation, Laura joined and regional advisor. reproductive lives. It also got back from a year of field the U.S. Foreign Service and explores the changing cultural research and data collection in spent several years in Western norms of coupling, mating, and West Africa (Ghana, Benin, Europe. She is currently parenting as well as the greater Nigeria, and Niger) and is 2005 working at the U.S. Embassy in social implications of “stopping acclimating to life back in Palo Yemisrach Benalfew, MIA Kabul, following a stint in Iraq the biological clock.” Alto, which she is not finding Yemisrach recently completed a and D.C. Please look her up if difficult! She would love to one-year fellowship at Refugees you’re in Afghanistan—she is in Shannon Lightner, MPA reconnect with any SIPA ’03 International in Washington, the Political Section. MSW ’01 alumni. D.C. She found it an invaluable Meanwhile, her husband is Shannon was recently experience, working with a holding down the fort in appointed deputy director of Dara (Wax) Erck, MIA humanitarian advocacy Geneva. Their door is always the Illinois Department of Dara and Dan Erck are proud organization and interacting open to friends, so please let Public Health, where she to announce the birth of a baby with the U.S. Congress, State her know if you’ll be passing oversees the Illinois Office of boy, Leo Charles. He was born Department, and the NGO through the canton! Women’s Health. She also got on January 4, 2008, in New community. She was focusing married this year to Edward York and weighed 6 lbs, 1 oz. on the Central African Gometz, (MIA ’01), and they Republic’s conflict and its 2001 have made Chicago their Rebecca Morgenstern, humanitarian impact and found it challenging to raise the Erika (Neutz) Jakisch, MIA home. MPA Erika had taken a couple years country’s profile. Now, back in Rebecca (Morgenstern) Brenner New York, Yemisrach is looking off her career track as a Vasileios (Vassilis) and Jacob Brenner are proud to for an opportunity that involves financial analyst to raise her Panousopoulos PEPM announce the birth of a baby analyzing field-based research 2-year-old twins. Now she is Recently, Vasileios joined the boy, Morgan Forest. He was and writing on the political and planning to get back into the Greek Regulatory Authority born on May 14, 2006, and humanitarian situations in job market, preferably in sales. of Energy (RAE), in Greece weighed 7 lbs, 4 oz.

SIPA NEWS 51 Class Notes SIPA

environmental science and look him up if you’re around policy, along with specific Columbia University. action points for decision makers and civilians. The book Tania Tanvir is a second-year addresses questions such as Economic and Political Development what we can do to prevent the concentrator. apparent environmental catastrophes facing our world. Besides climate warming and oil addiction, the terrain includes deforestation, food production, biodiversity loss, water management, population growth and immigration, waste disposal and raw materials, human health and psychology, nuclear proliferation, and terrorism. A book-specific Web journal, Enviromentality (www. environment-policy.info), updates the field periodically for geocide watchers and forestallers. Adam would like to wish all of his friends from SIPA a transformative remainder of 2008.

Danielle Garbe, MPA Danielle recently completed her one-year assignment as special assistant to Secretary Condoleezza Rice at the U.S. Department of State. She is now one of two Turkey desk officers based out of Washing- ton, D.C. She specializes in the political aspects of the bilateral relationship between Turkey and the United States, including counterterrorism.

Thomas Glaisyer, MIA Thomas has returned to Africa, especially the Horn. As daughter, Ivy Qun-Zhen Sand, Columbia, after a year in the an Ethiopian, the Horn is a on October 8, 2007, in New full-time working world special place for her, and she York City. They moved back to building networks of foreign feels that she knows the region New York from Islamabad, policy advocates in Washing- well. She would greatly Pakistan. ton, D.C. After spending the appreciate links to organiza- year in the advocacy tions working on this issue in community, he wanted to gain New York. 2006 additional theoretical Adam Cherson, MPA knowledge about networks and Maria Ma, MIA In January, Adam published social software. In the fall of Maria and her husband, Geocide: Placating Humanity’s 2007, he began the PhD Benjamin Sand, are happy to Environmental Demons (Eutopia), a program in communications at announce the birth of their monograph covering global the Journalism School. Please

52 SIPA NEWS SIPA News is published bi-annually by SIPA’s Office of External Relations.

Managing Editor: JoAnn Crawford Editors: Matteen Mokalla, Nilanjana Pal Contributing writers: Jackie Carpenter, John H. Coatsworth, Patrick Contreras, JoAnn Crawford, Ana Maria Currea, Ester Fuchs, Yoyce Jones, Paula Margulies, Democritos Mavrellis, Matteen Mokalla, Luis Montero, Nilanjana Pal, Leela Parker, Julie Payne, Annamartine Salick, Rebekkah Schear, Liat Shetret, Tania Tanvir, David Trilling

Contributing photographers: Eileen Barroso (page 38), Doug Benc/Getty Images (page 23), Shaun Best/Reuters (page 15), Don Hogan Charles/The New York Times (page 13), Michael Dames (pages 45 and 50), Charles Eckert/Redux (page 35), Ashley Gilbertson/Aurora/Getty Images (page 8), Koichi Kamoshida/Getty Images (page 23), J. Meric/Getty Images (page 23), R. J. Mickelson/Veras/Redux (page 5), Matteen Mokalla (pages 7 and 9), Nilanjana Pal (page 10), Richard Perry/The New York Times (page 12), Joe Raedle/Getty Images (page 34), Mark Ralston/AFP/Getty Images (page 11), Graeme Robertson (page 30), Stockbyte (page 5), Keisha Toms (page 37), David Trilling (pages 2–5, 18–21), Michael Tullberg/Getty Images (page 33)

Cover Photograph: Mario Tama

Design and Production: Office of University Publications

School of International and Public Affairs Dean: John H. Coatsworth Associate Deans: Patrick Bohan, Rob Garris, Sara Mason, and Dan McIntyre

Office of External Relations: Rob Garris, Associate Dean for External Relations JoAnn Crawford, Director of Publications and Special Events Daniela Coleman, Director of Alumni Relations Melissa Poueymirou, Major Gifts Officer

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