Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) with a Key to the Genera

REVIEW OF CANADIAN AND ALASKAN BROWN LACEWING FLIES (NEUROPTERA: HEMEROBIIDAE) WITH A KEY TO THE GENERA. PART IV: THE GENERA MEGALOMUS RAMBUR, BORIOMYIA BANKS, PSECTRA HAGEN AND SYMPHEROBIUS BANKS

J. KLIMASZEWSKI Transvaal Museum, Pretoria

and

D. K. McE. KEVAN t Department of Entomology & Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Believue, Quebec

KLIMASZEWSKI, J. and KEVAN, D. K. McE., 1992. Review of Canadian and Alaskan brown lacewing flies (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) with a key to the genera. Part IV: the genera Megalomus Rambur, Boriomyia Banks, Psectra Hagen and Sympherobius Banks. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 35(30): 435-457.

Species of the Canadian and Alaskan hemerobiid genera. Megalomus Rambur. Boriomyia Banks, Psectra Hagen and Sympherobius Banks are reviewed. New and additional distribution data for the following nine spE'":;ies from the region are given: Boriomyia Banks. B. fidelis Banks, Megalomus Rambur, M. angulatus Carpenter, Psectra Hagen, P. diptera (Burmeister). Sympherobius Banks, S. perparvus(McLachlan). S. killingtoniCarpenter, S. angustus (Banks), S. californicus Banks, S. barberi(Banks) and S. amiculus (Fitch). An illustrated key to all the genera of Hemerobiidae occurring in Canada and Alaska is provided as well as a key to the species of Sympherobius. Wing photographs and genital illustrations are given for all the species reviewed.

Keywords: Canada. Alaska, Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae, Taxonomy, Distribution, Identifieaton.

INTRODUCTION

This paper constitutes the last contribution in a MATERIAL AND METHODS series in which we reviewed the Canadian and Alaskan species of the family Hemerobiidae. The This paper is based on an examination of over g e n era Hemerobius Li n n a e us, Wesmae/ius 70 specimens from the following Institutions: CNC: Kruger and Micromus Rambur have been revised Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada; (Klimaszewski and Kevan, 1985, 1987a, b; Kevan CUC: Cornell University Collection, Ithaca, New and Klimaszewski, 1987; Klimaszewski and York, U.S.A.; BMNH: British Museum of Natural Kevan, 1988). We review here the remaining spe History (The Natural History Museum), London, cies belonging to the genera Boriomyia Banks, England; LEM: Lyman Entomological Museum Mega/omus Rambur, Psectra Hagen, and Sym and Research Laboratory, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, pherobius Banks. Several new distribution re Quebec, Canada; MCZ: Museum of Comparative cords are provided for Nearctic species of these Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.s.A.; genera. The distribution patterns of hemerobiid NSPM: Nova Scotia Provincial Museum, Halifax, species in the Near9tic Region are discussed by Nova Scotia, Canada; UBC: University of British Kevan and Klimaszewski (1986). An illustrated Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. key is provided to all the genera occurring in Many specimens used in this study were Canada and Alaska. dissected and their genital structures dehydrated in absolute alcohol and mounted in Canada bal t It was with sadness that J.K. learnt that his colleague, Dr Keith sam on celluloid microslides pinned with the Kevan, passed away in July 1991. specimens.

Annais of the Transvaal Museum, Volume 35. Part 30 October 1992 ISSN 0041-1752 Annale van die Transvaal Museum, Band 35, Deel 30 Oktober 1992 436 ANNALS OF THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

KEY TO THE GENERA OF HEMEROBIIDAE OCCURRING IN CANADA AND ALASKA (Figs I, II)

Forewing with distinct recurrent humeral vein (Vr) which is pectinately branched (Figs I, II( 1), 1-6, 8, 9) ...... 2 Forewing without distinct humeral vein (Figs II, 6, 7) ...... 6 2 Forewing with radial sector (Rs) having two main branches: (R2+3) and (R4+s+MA) as in Figs 1-6; last branch of radial sector (R4+S) proximally coalescing with media anterior (MA) (Figs 11(2), 1-6); no more than four outer (og) gradate veins (Figs 1-6); gonarcus with one to four narrow digi tal processes terminating in spines or peg-shaped setae (Figs 11(2). 30, 31, 37,41,45,47,51, 55) ...... Sympherobius Banks Forewing with radial sector (Rs) having at least three main pectinate branches: R1 + R2 (or R2+3) + R3 + R4+S as in Figs I, 11,5; last branch of radial sector (R4+S) independent of media anterior (MA) as in Figs I. 11,5; more than four outer (og) gradate veins (Figs 11(3»); gonarcus with one, two or without lobes (Figs 11(4, 5» ...... 3 3 Forewing broadly oval (Figs 11(3), 8, 9), costal area abruptly broadened basally (Figs 8, 9), recurrent humeral vein (Vr) pectinate with at least six veinlets, some being forked apically (Figs 11(3), 8, 9), at least 12 outer (og) gradate veins present (Figs 11(3). 8, 9); male ectoproct triangularly elongate without extra lobes (Figs 11(4),10,20) ...... 4 Forewing narrowly oval or occasionally moderately broadly-oval (Fig. I, 11(3», costal area narrovv to moderately narrow, exceptionally abruptly broadened basally in Hemerobius costa/is Carpenter and Wesmae/ius longifrons (Banks). recurrent humeral vein (Vr) pectinate with two to five usually simple veinlets, some rarely forked apically, less than 12 outer (og) gradate veins (average 6-8); male ectoproct with one ventral lobe (Fig. I, 11(5» or two, one ventral and one dorsal lobe (Fig L 11(5» ...... 5 4 Hind wing with basal radial cross-vein (b) remote from point where second branch of radial sector (R2+3 + R4+S) coalesces with media anterior (MA), as in Figs 11(4), 9B; male ectoproct narrowly elongate and slightly produced apically (Figs 11(4),20) ...... Boriomyia Banks Hind wing with basal radial cross-vein (b) close to or at pOint where second branch of radial sector (R2+3 + R4+S) coalesces with media anterior (MAl as In Figs 11(4), 88; male ectoproct triangular in shape, not particularly elongate (Figs 11(4), 10)...... Mega/omus Rambur 5 Forewing with medial inner gradate vein (mA + mpig) between media ante rior (MA) and upper branch of media posterior (MP1+2) present (Fig. 11(5)); male ectoproct usually with one ventral lobe (Fig. 11(5)) ...... WesmaeJius Kruger (Klimaszewski and Kevan, 1987a, b) Forewing without inner gradate vein (Figs 1,11(5)); male ectoproct usually with both dorsal and ventral lobes (Figs I, 11(5) ...... Hemerobius Linnaeus (Klimaszewski and Kevan, 1985; Kevan and Klimaszewski, 1987) 6 Forewing with radial sector having two main branches (Figs 11(6», media anterior (MA) coalescing with basal branch of radial sector (R5); hind wing often absent; male tergum IX strongly modified (Figs 11(6), 24, 25) ... Psectra Hagen Forewing with several (3-4) pectinate branches (Fig. 11(6»); media anterior (MA) coalescing with main branch of (Rs) as in Fig. 11(6); male tergum IX simple, slightly expanded baso-Iaterally (Fig. 11(6») ...... Micromus Rambur (Klimaszewski and Kevan, 1988) KLIMASZEWSKI & KEVAN: BROWN LACEWING FLIES 437

Fig. I

Hemerobius humulinus Linnaeus, male: A ~. lateral view: g = dorsal view (left wings removed); 'fJ.', and 'B' represent rJlfferent specimpns (reproducpd fmm Kevar and vlimaS7"wskl.1987) 438 ANNALS OF THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM .- I PSECTRA ~~~~ -szL£L+-6 ~~ SYMPHEROBIUS .. 2

I / /

MEGALOMUS

Fig. II Graphic representation of the key to the Canadian and Alaskan genera of Hemerobiidae. KLIMASZEWSKI & KEVAN: BROWN LACEWING FLIES 439

DESCRIPTIONS genus are reported from the Holarctic and Neo tropical Regions (Nakahara, 1960). There are four Genus MEGALOMUS Rambur species in Europe, two in North America and one Mega/omus Rambur. 1842: 418: Killington, 1937: 131: Car in Guatemala (Nakahara, 1960; Kis et a/., 1970). penter, 1940: 239, Spencer, 1942; Nakahara, 1960: 55; Kis, Nagler and Mandru, 1970: 147; Aspock, Aspock and Holzel, 1980: 195 Type species: Mega/omus tortricoides Rambur, 1842 418. Megalomus angulatus Carpenter, Figs SA, B, 10-16 DIAGNOSIS. Large species (body length 4,5-8,0 Mega/omus angu/atus Carpenter, 1940: 242. Holotype male mm; length of forewing 6,0-9,2 mm); hind wing U.SA, New York. Ithaca, 3 September 1939, J. S. Fran well developed; maxillary palp pointed, 5-seg ciemont (CUC) Not examined Paratypes (MeZ) 2 (1 male, 1 female). Examined. mented with last segment one-third longer than penultimate one; labial palp 3-segmented; fore DIAGNOSIS. Head either uniformly brown to dark wing (Fig. 8) broadly oval with costal area abruptly brown (rarely yellowish brown with clypeus and broadened in basal third; humeral recurrent vein labrum paler) or reddish brown with anterior vertex (Vr) broadly arched, strongly recurrent and with paler, light brown, and with setal bases darkly numerous veinlets, some forked apically; radial spotted; pronotum, meso- and metanota from sector (Rs) with at least three main branches brownish to dark brown, occasionally slightly mot (usually 4-5 or more, up to 7); media anterior (MA) tled with paler small spots; abdomen brown to connected to basal part of radial sector (Rs); three dark brown; antenna brown with first two seg subcosto-medial cross-veins present, two in basal ments light brown; body length 4,5-6,0 mm; fore and one in apical part of wing; inner (ig) and outer wing (Fig. 8A): length 6,0-8,0 mm, maximum width (og) gradate veins present and forming numerous 2,5-4,0 mm, broadly oval, slightly wider in apical elongate cells. third with apex rounded; costal area abruptly Forewing of Mega/omus virtually identical to that broadened basally; maculation small, pale brown of Boriomyia; hind wing also similar in the two or brown to virtually lacking, distributed mainly at genera, except that basal radial cross-vein (b) in the margin of wing along gradate cross-veins and Boriomyia (Fig. 9B) is more remote from point some dispersed in apical half of the wing; veins where second branch of radial sector (R2+3 + variegated with sections pale yellowish brown and R4+5) coalesces with media anterior (MA), as in light brown to dark brown, Hind wing (Fig. 8B): Figs 8B, 9B. length 5,0-6,5 mm, maximum width 2,0-3,0 mm; hyaline, either without maculation or with some MALE. Tergum IX simple, arched dorsally (Fig. markings along cubitus and marginal section of 10). Ectoproct subtriangular, more or less elon wing. Male gonarcus and mediuncus as in Figs gate horizontally, sometimes with short, toothed, 11, 12, parameres separate but in contact me ventral lobe, though not in species considered in dially (Figs 14, 15). Female terminalia as in Fig. 16. this revision (Fig. 10). Gonarcus (Figs 11, 12) arched, narrow medially, with expanded lateral GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Megalomus an parts, articularly connected with two elongate epi gulatus is known only from the Nearctic Region. meres (ep), and to the structure called 'aedeagus' Carpenter (1940) reported M angulatus from the by Carpenter (1940), what we consider to be a eastern United States as occurring in Maine, New mediuncus. This consists of a broad and narrow Hampshire and New York, from disjunct localities base and two slender, curved, elongate structures in Arizona, from one locality in Mexico, and also that are fused basally (Fig. 11). Parameres elon from a single locality in Canada (Niagara Glen, gate and curved, separate or partially fused (Fig. Ontario). We provide here the first records of this 14). species from the Provinces of Nova Scotia, Que bec, Saskatchewan and British Columbia and ad FEMALE. Tergum IX arched, expanded basally ditional records for Ontario. The new data indicate into broader plates (Fig. 16). Ectoproct small, hori that the distribution of M angulatus is transconti zontally slightly elongate (Fig. 16). Gonapophyses nental in Canada, ranging south in the east to New laterals (gl) broad and relatively short, each with York state, and in the west, along the Rocky Moun elongate stylus (Fig. 16). tains, south to Mexico.

BIONOMICS. Unknown. NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. CANADA: Nova Scotia: Chester, 21 July 1969, Barry Wright GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Species of this (NSPM) 1 male; Bog east of Big Indian Lake, 440 ANNALS OF THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

Halifax Watershed, 24 June 1962, Douglas C. flattened and fused basally. Ferguson (NSPM) 1 male; Quebec: Old Chelesea, Summit of King Mt, 1150 feet, 8 June 1964, J. R. FEMALE. Tergum IX arched and slightly produced Vockeroth (CNC) 1 female; same data except 25 baso-posteriorly (Fig, 17). Ectoproct (epr) small June 1962, J. E. Martin (CNC) 1 female; lac and rounded (Fig. 17). Sternum IX broadly ex Mondor, Ste. Flore, 6 September 1951, E. G. Mun panded basally, forming semi-spheroid area with roe (CNC) 1 male; Ontario: Petawawa, 7 June radiating spines (Fig, 17). 1961, J. R. Vockeroth (CNC) 1 female; British Columbia: Lilloet, 12 August 1951, A. L. Turnbull BIONOMICS. Macleod (1960). (CNC) 2 sex undetermined; Galiano Is., 11 August 1975, G. G. E. Scudder (UBC) 1 female. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Boriomyia, com prising two species, is known only from the Nearctic Region. Genus BORIOMYIA Banks Boriomyia Banks, 1904: 209; Killington, 1937: 256; Carpen ter, 1940: 243; Nakahara, 1960: 57 Boriomyia fide/is (Banks), Figs 11(4), 9A, B, 17- Type species: Hemerobius fide/is Banks, 1897: 27. AJ/otomyia Banks, 1930: 224. As synonym of Boriomyia: 22 Carpenter, 1940 243; Nakahara, 1960: 57. Hemerobius fide/is Banks, 1897: 27. As Boriomyia: Carpen Type species: Allotomyia speC/osa Banks. 1930: 224. ter, 1940: 244; Nakahara, 1960: 57; Monserrat, 1990: 215. Holotype female: New York, Gowanda, 25 June 91; 'Type 11481; Hemerobius fide/is Bks. type' [handwritten by The genus Boriomyia is discussed by Kli Banks] (MCZ). Examined. Allotype male: North Carolina, maszewski and Kevan (1987a: 162-163). Raleigh, 24May 32, C. S. Brimley (MCZ). DeSignated by Carpenter (1940). Examined. Boriomyia fide/is Banks, 1904: 209, 1905b.· 36. As synonym DIAGNOSIS. Medium-sized species (body length of B. fide/is (Banks, 1897): Carpenter, 1940 244: Naka 3,0-4,0 mm), length of forewing 4,0-7,0 mm; hind hara, 1960: 57. wing well developed; maxillary palp 5-seg Allotomyia speciosa Banks, 1930: 224. As synonym of B mented; labial palp 3-segmented; forewing (Fig. fide/is (Banks 1897): Carpenter, 1940: 244; Nakahara, 1960.57. 9A) broadly oval with costal area abruptly broad ened in basal third; humeral recurrent vein (Vr) DIAGNOSIS. Head yellowish to light brown, light broadly arched, strongly recurrent and with nu brown with gold tinge, or brown variegated with merous veinlets, some being forked apically; ra paler small spots, with frons sometimes uniformly dial sector (Rs) usually with four main branches; dark brown, and vertex usually darker than re media anterior (MA) connected to basal part of mainder of head; antennae yellowish to light radial sector (Rs); three subcostomedial cross brown; pronotum light brown with paler angles veins present; inner (ig) and outer (og) gradate and two lateral spots, varying to almost uniformly veins present and forming numerous elongate dark brown; meso- and metanota from lightto dark cells. brown; body length 3,0-4,0 mm; forewing (Fig. Venation of the forewing of Boriomyia is virtually 9A): length 4,0-5,0 mm, maximum width 2,8-3,0 identical to that of Mega/omus; venation of hind mm, broadly oval, widest in apical third, apex wing is also similar in the two genera, except that rounded to slightly pOinted, costal area abruptly basal radial cross-vein (b) in Boriomyia is more broadened basally, maculation light brown to remote from the point where second branch of brown, forming two distinct bands along outer (og) radial sector (R2+3 + R4+5) coalesces with media and inner (ig) gradate veins and with one larger anterior (MA), as illustrated in Figs 11(4), 9B. spot near mediocubital inner gradate vein (m + cuig), some additional small spots may occur near MALE. Tergum IX narrow and arched dorsally, darker sections of veins, veins variegated with Ectoproct narrowly triangular and strongly elon brownish and transparent or yellowish sections, gate without ventral or dorsal lobes (Fig. 20), radial sector (Rs) with 4-5 main branches; media Gonarcus (Figs 18, 19) arch-shaped with distal anterior (MA) connected with basal part of radial lateral portions broadly expanded and proximal sector (Rs); three subcostomedial veins present; median portions triangularly produced, An addi inner (ig) and outer (og) gradate veins present and tional V-shaped and bent structure is loosely as forming numerous elongate cells. Male ectoproct, sociated with median section of gonarcus (Fig. gonarcus and parameres as in Figs 18-22. Fe 18) Carpenter (1940) considered this to be an male terminalia as in Fig. 17, aedeagus, but we consider it homologous with the mediuncus. Parameres complex (Figs 21, 22), GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Carpenter (1940) KLIMASZEWSKI & KEVAN: BROWN LACEWING FLIES 441 recorded B. fide/is from the eastern part of North projection. Parameres (Figs 28, 29) fused, forming America, ranging from Ontario and New Hamp a basally broad plate (apophysis proxima) slightly shire south to South Carolina and Mississippi, with oriented dorsally and bearing two triangular pos one disjunct record in British Columbia (Rolla). We terior projections. Hypandrium internum stem provide here additional records for Ontario and shaped, the first record of this species for the Province of Quebec. It is very likely that B. fide/is is transcon FEMALE Tergum IX divided into a small dorsal tinentally distributed in Canada. plate and pair of larger lateral plates (Fig, 23); ectoproct (epr) small and shield-shaped (Fig, 23); NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. CANADA: Que gonapophyses laterales (gl) relatively short, with bec: Old Chelesea, 11 June 1959, Summitof King out styli; spermatheca of a curved sac-like form. Mt, 1150 feet, J. R. Vockeroth (CNC) 1 male; Ontario Chaffeys Locks, QHB.S., 1-5 Septem BIONOMICS, Very little is known about the life ber 1985, S. Peck (LEM) 1 female. Carpenter's history of Psectra in North America. Killington (1940) record from Ontario: (Bobcaygeon, July (1936) described the preimaginal stages of P 10, J. McDunnough) (not located). diptera and reported that in captivity the larvae fed on various species of aphids, seemingly para lysing them by means of some agent in their saliva Genus PSECTRA Hagen after piercing them with their jaws. Psectra Hagen, 1866: 376; Banks, 1905b. 44; Killington, 1937: 245: Carpenter, 1940: 251; Nakahara, 1960: 10; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Species of Psec Tjeder, 1961: 328: Kis et ai, 1970: 139; Aspock et al., 1980 224. tra are known to occur predominantly in the Ho Type species: Hemerobius dipterus Burmeister, 1839: 973. larctic Region, but they are also reported from Southern Africa and from the Oriental Region in DIAGNOSIS. Small species (length of forewing Indonesia (Tjeder, 1961), Tjeder (1961) recorded 1,7-5,5 mm); hind wing often vestigial; maxillary nine species of Psectra for the world fauna, but palp 5-segmented with last one elongate and suspected that some species placed in Notio pointed at apex; labial palp 3-segmented; fore biella belong to the former genus. wing (Fig. 7A), narrowly oval with narrow costal area which is inSignificantly broadened in basal fourth, humeral recurrent vein (Vr) lacking in a Psectra diptera (Burmeister), Figs 11(6). 7A, B, distinct form, though some authors (e.g., Carpen 23-29 ter, 1940; Tjeder, 1961) recognize a short, straight Hemerobius dipterus Burmeister, 1839: 973. As Psectra. first basal veinlet, which is sometimes forked api Hagen, 1866 376, 1886 21; McLachlan, 1868: 170; cally, as vestigial humeral veins both in this genus Banks, 1905b. 44; Killington, 1937: 247; Carpenter, 1940: 252; Nakahara, 1960' 11; Tjeder, 1961 332; Aspock et and in Micromus; radial sector (Rs) with two main ai, 1980: 225; Kis et ai, 1970: 139. Holotype male: branches (R2+3) and (R4+5); media anterior (MA) Germany, Saxony, near Leipzig (Fachbereict, Zoologie coalescing basally with first branch of radial sec der Martif1~Luter Universitat, Halle~Wittenberg). Not ex~ amined. tor (R4+5); usually two or more subcostomedial Hemerobius delicatulus Fitch, 1855: 96; Carpenter, 1940: cross-veins occurring close to each other; inner 252; Nakahara, 1960: 11. Holotype (sex undetermined): gradate veins (ig) present; outer gradate veins '8200' [handwritten in red ink]: 'Hemerobius delicatu/us, (og) absent Illinois' (handwritten, presumably by FitCh]; 'Type' [printed at top of white rectangle on which is stuck a red square With number '10450' handwritten at bottom]. The MALE Tergum IX modified (Figs 24,25), strength specimen is broken and parts mounted on two card ened by a strongly sci erotized antecosta along points (MCZ). Studied. anterior margin of segment, and projecting baso Psectra bueonl Navas, 1909: 218; Carpenter, 1940. 252; Nakahara, 1960 11: Kis eta/., 1970: 139. Type(s): not posteriad as a narrowly elongate and acutely located. pointed latero-processus (Ipr) which is separated Micromus dipterus Hagen, 1866: 130; ~~akahara, 1960: 11. from the tergum by a distinct suture. Ectoproct Type{s): not located. (Figs 24,25) small, shield-shaped, membranously DIAGNOSIS, Body uniformly brown to dark brown, connected to a catoprocessus (cpr) which bears rarely light brown with darker sutures in the adja apically a fan-shaped group of lamellae. Gonar cent areas; body length 1 ,8~3,0 mm; forewing cus (Figs 26, 27) slightly arch-shaped, having a (Fig, 7A), length 1,7-3,0 mm, maximum width small, unsclerotized space anteriorly forming a 1,0-2,0 mm, narrowly elongate with apex rounded 'window' of variable shape and size; mediuncus and costal area only insignificantly broadened in appearing laterally as a variably-shaped ventral basal fourth, maculation light brown with a distinct 442 ANNALS OF THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

blotch along inner gradate veins (ig), remaining Pa!mobius Needham, 1905: 17 !'1s synol'yrll of BoriomYl8 gradate veins irregularly dispersed or absent; Carperller, 1940: 227; Nakahara, 1960 :5; Tjeder, 1961. 340. Oswald, 198fl 393. Type species: HemcroiJius main veins variegated with brownish and yel amiculus Fitch, 1El55 799 lowish, nearly transparent sections; hind wing NiremrJerge Navas, 1909: 377. As synonym of Symphero (Fig 7B), usually greatly reduced, rarely normally billS. Killington, 1937: 111; Carpenter, 1940: 227. Naka hara, 1960 15; Tieder. 1961 340; Oswald. 1988: 393 developed with length of 3,8-4,0 mm and maxi Type specics. Niremberge /impida Navas, 1909 377 mum width 1,0-1,2 mm, hyaline without distinct Coloma Navas, 1915 129. As syno'lyrn of SvmpheroiJlus: maculations. Antennae light to dark brown. Male f'-JaKahara, 1960 15; Oswald, 19REl: 393. Type species and female terminalia as in Figs 23-29 (for de Megalomus marmoratipennis Blanchard, 1851. 127 Nefasilus Navas, 191:J 131. As synonym of Sympherohlus scription see generic diagnosis). Nakatl8ra, 1960: 15; Tieder. 1961: 340; Oswald, 1988 393. Type species: Sympheroilius amicus Navas, 1915' GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Psectra diptera is 332. known to occur in Europe, Siberia and North Lachlanius KrOger, 1922: 171. As synonym of Symphcroilius. Killington, 1937 111; Nakah8ra, 1960 15; Tieder, 1961 America (Carpenter, 1940; Kis et ai, 1970). In 340; Oswald, 1988: 393. Type species: Hemeroblus North America it has been recorded from the IIlconsp'cuuS McLachlan. 1868 177. northeastern United States, as far west as Michi Eurobius Kruger, 1922: 171. As synonym of Syrnpherobiu," Killington, 1937: 111; Carpenter, 1940: 227; Nakahara. gan and as far south as Virginia and West Virginia, 1960 15; Tieder, 1961: 340; Oswald, 1988: 393. Type and from southern Ontario in Canada (Norman speCies Hemerobius clegans Stephens. 1835' 113. dale, Mer-Bleue) (Carpenter, 1940) Nakahara Sympheromima KIClmins, 1928 363. As synonym of (1960) provided a single record of P diptera from pherobius.· Oswald, 1988 393. Type species: pheromima marginata Kimmllls, 1928 363. Massachusetts. We report this species for the first time from Newfoundland, Quebec and additional localities in Ontario. It is probable that it was A more comprehensive review of literature on introduced into North America from Europe. Sympherobius is provided by Oswald (1988).

BIONOMICS. See Tjeder (1961). DIAGNOSIS. Size small (body length 2.0~6,0 mm, length of forewing 2,7-6,0 mm); hind wing well NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. CANADA: New developed; maxillary pal pus 5-segmented with foundland: G1. Rattling Brook, 1 September 1934, last segment thick, tapering in apical fifth and S. Stainer (BMNH) 1 sex undetermined: Ontario: subsegmented; labial palpus 3-segmented, last Algonquin Park, 21 June 1958, J. A. Downes one subsegmented; forewing (Figs 11(2),1-6) nar (CNC) 1 sex undetermined, Belleville, 12 August rowly oval with costal area narrow or moderately 1950, J. C. Martin (CNC) 1 sex undetermined; broadened basally, humeral recurrent vein (Vr) Fisher Glen, 12 June 1931, G. S. Walley (CNC) 1 well developed with several veinlets; radial sector sex undetermined; Ottawa, 26 July 1959, J. R. (Rs) with two main branches [R1 + (R2 + R3)J and Vockeroth (CNC) 1 female; Outlet Beach in (Rh5); media anterior (MA) coalescing basally Pr[ince] Edward Co[untry], 14 August 1968, J. R. with first branch of radial sector (R4+5); one or Vockeroth (CNC) 1 male, 1 female, 1 sex undeter rarely two subcostomedial cross-veins present mined (CNC) and (LEM) 1 female: Quebec: Cap inner (ig) and outer (og) gradate veins present, Chat. 13 August [19]54, W J. Brown (CNC) 1 latter limited to three to five, usually to three. female: Ste Annes[Ste-Anne-de-8ellevue]. 195 (LEM) 1 male; Ste-Anne-de-8ellevue, 8 August MALE. Tergum IX strengthened marginally by 1953, G. A Moore (LEM) 1 male. same locality, well-defined antecosta, latero-ventrally, usually June 1978, B. Bendell (LEM) 1 female; Taylor Lake produced into a narrow process (Figs 30, 51) in Gatineau Park, 6 September 1971, J. R. Vock Ectoproct (Figs 30, 31, 37, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55) eroth (CNC) 3 males, 2 females. shield-shaped, bearing one to four digital processes of varying size and curvature, each terminating in peg-like or spinose modified macro Genus SYMPHEROBIUS Banks trichia (vmp ventro-medial process, vip: ventro Sympherobius Banks, 1904 209. 1905b:40, Killington. 1937 lateral process, and dip: dorsolateral process: 111; Cwpenter, 19/,0: 227; Nakahara, 1960: 15 Tleder, terminology after Oswald, 1988). Gonarcus (Figs 1961: 340; Kis et ai, 1970 154: Aspbck oi a/., 1980.226; Oswald, 1988' 393. 31, 35, 40, 43, 48, 52, 58) consisting of two more Type species: Hemerobius amlcu/us Fitch, 1855: 799. or less separate, longitudinally elongate and sym Spadoblus Needham, 1905: 16. As synonym of SymphclO metrical hemigonarci (hg) which are expanded bius. Carpenter, 1940 227; Nakahara. 1960 15; Tjeder. posteriorly to differing degrees, forming laterally 1961: 340; Oswald. 1988 393. Type species: Hemero billS occldenta/is Fitch, 1855: 799. broader plates; mediofrontal part of gonarcus is KLIMASZEWSKI & KEVAN: BROWN LACEWING FLIES 443 connected to complex pseudomediuncus (pm), PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS. The hypo usually consisting of two parts (Figs 30, 31); para thetical phylogenetic relationships of the 17 spe meres fused together posteriorly, forming a cies of the genus known from America north of broader plate (apophysis proxima) with lobes. Mexico are discussed by Oswald (1988). Hypandrium internum shaped like a small wedge shaped sclerite. REVISED CLASSIFICATION OF NEARCTIC SYMPHEROBIUS BASED ON OSWALD (1988) FEMALE. Tergum IX expanded ventrally (Fig. 34). Ectoproct (epr) small, broadly triangular (Fig 34) Species marked with an asterisk are known to Gonapophyses laterales (gl) reniform, each with a occur in Canada. pronounced stylus (Fig. 34). S. PERPARVUS SPECIES GROUP BIONOMICS. Very little is known about the *S. perparvus (McLachlan, 1869) bionomics of Sympherobius. Some adults and S. beameri Gurney, 1948 larvae have been reported to feed on small inver S. arizonieus Banks, 1911 tebrates, such as various sternorrhynchous Ho * S. killingtoni Carpenter, 1940 moptera, particulary pseudococcids (Oswald, 1988). Immature stages of Nearctic species are S. PICTUS SPECIES GROUP described by Smith (1923, 1934) and Essig S. pietus (Banks, 1904) (1910). S. similis Carpenter, 1940 S. oeeidentalis (Fitch, 1855) GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Species of Sym S. limbus Carpenter, 1940 pherobius are reported to occur in the Holarctic, 5. distinetus Carpenter, 1940 Neotropical and Afrotropical Regions (Tjeder, 1961; Oswald, 1988), but have not been recorded 5. ANGUSTUS COMPLEX from the Oriental Region, Australia or Oceania, *5. angustus (Banks, 1904) except for species introduced into Hawaii for bio S. quadrieuspis Oswald, 1988 control purposes (Tjeder, 1961; Klimaszewski, S. bifaseiatus Banks, 1911 Kevan and Peck, 1987). * S. ealitornieus Banks, 1911 S. eonstrietus Oswald, 1988 TERMINOLOGY. The terms used for the wing veins and male and female genital structures are S BARBERI COMPLEX adopted from Klimaszewski and Kevan (1987 a, b, * S. barberi (Banks, 1903) 1988); Kevan and Klimaszewski (1987) and S. umbratus (Banks, 1903) Oswald (1988). * S. amieulus (Fitch, 1855) . KEY TO ADULTS OF CANADIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS SYMPHEROBIUS BANKS Forewing with basal part of costal area abruptly broadened (Figs 5, 6), maximum width of costal area three times minimum width; distinct, dark oblique blotch present in cubital sector and angle of anal sector, contrasting with other forewing markings; male ectoproct with three well-defined processes (Figs 37,51) ...... 2 Forewing with basal part of costal area narrow (Figs 1-4), maximum width of costal area no more than twice minimum width, maculations different from above or, when present in cubital sector and angle of anal sector, then not strongly contrasting with other wing markings; male ectoproct with one, three or four processes, if three processes present then two well developed and third vestigial (see S. ealifornieus) ...... 3 2 Forewing with maculations diffused (Fig. SA), veins marked with slightly dif fused brown spots and light sections (Fig. SA), distal radial cross-vein be tween (R2+3) and (R4+5) present; male ectoproct with three processes (Fig 51); parameres with apophysis proxima broad, median lobes absent, 444 ANNALS OF THE TRANSVAAL MUSEUM

lateral lobes dorsally revolute (Fig. 54). (In Canada known predominantly from eastern part: Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, but also Saskatchewan) ...... , ...... S. amieLl/us (Fitch) Forewing with maculations contrasting (Fig. 6A), veins marked with dark brown spots that contrast strongly with light sections (Fig. 6A), distal radial cross-vein between (R2+3) and (R4+S) absent; male ectoproct with three processes (Fig. 37); parameres with median lobes narrow and elongate, covered with minute teeth, lateral lobes ovoid in shape, with apices reflexed (Fig. 38). (In Canada known only from southern Ontario.) ...... , .. , ...... S. barberi (Banks) 3 Forewing with maculations more or less evenly distributed or virtually lack ing (Figs 1, 3, 4); male ectoproct with one or three processes (Figs 41, 45, 55); gonarcus and parameres as in Figs 40,42, 43,46,58,56 ...... 4 Forewing with maculations in form of narrow, elongate spots bordering cross-veins, cubital and anal veins, with remaining parts of wing hyaline without maculations (Fig 2A): male ectoproct with four processes (Fig. 47); gonarcus and parameres differently shaped, as in Figs 48-50. (In Canada known only from British Columbia.) ...... S, angustus (Banks) 4 Forewing with maculations large and pronounced (Fig, 1); male ectoproct with one process (Fig. 45); gonarcus and parameres as in Figs 43, 44, 46. (In Canada known only from British Columbia) ...... S. killingtoniCarpenter Forewing with faint, small maculations to virtually immaculate; male ectoproct with one or three processes; gonarcus and parameres different from above .. , ...... ,...... ,...... 5 5 Forewing with costal area slightly broadened basally, basal cross-vein absent (Fig. 3A); male ectoproct with one process (Fig 41); gonarcus and parameres as in Figs 39, 40, 42. (In Canada known from British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan.) ...... S. perparvus (McLachlan) Forewing with costal area distinctly broadened basally, basal cross-vein usually present (Fig, 4A); male ectoproct with three processes (Fig. 55); gonarcus and parameres differently shaped, as in Figs 56-58. (In Canada known only from British Columbia.) ...... S. californicus Banks

S. PERPARVUS species group length 2,7-3,5 mm, maximum width 1,5-1,8 mm. narrowly elongate with apex rounded, costal area Sympherobius perparvus (McLachlan), Figs 3A, slightly broadened basally, maculation small. B,39-42 brownish or brownish grey to virtually lacking. Hemerobius peroarvus McLachlan, 1869: 22. As synonym of distributed mainly along gradate cross-veins and Sympherobius: Banks, 1905a. b.' 41; Carpenter, 1940: the margin of wing, veins spotted with brown, but 237; Nakahara, 1960 16; 1965a: 209. Oswald. 1988: otherwise transparent; hind wing (Fig 3B), length 403. Lectotype male: United States. Texas. Bosque Co., (BMNH). DeSignated by Oswald (1988). 2,6-2,8 mm, maximum width 1,3-1,5 mm, hyaline Sympherobius sparsus Banks, 1911: 346. As synonym of S. without maculae. Male ectoproct (Fig. 41) with a perparvus. Carpenter, 1940: 237: Oswald, 1988: 403. single long process bearing an apical spine. Holotype female: United States, Kansas. Douglas County. No. 11489 (MCZ). Gonarcus with pseudomediuncus and paramere Euroblus perparvus (McLachlan): KrOger, 1922: 138-172. As as in Figs 39, 40, 42. synonym of Sympherobius. Oswald, 1988: 403. BIONOMICS. Very little is known about the DIAGNOSIS. Body length 2,0-2,5 mm; head yel bionomics of Sympherobius perparvus. Plant as lowish to golden-brown with brown sutures and sociation: pine-oak zone, southern Arizona vertex; pronotum, meso- and metanota either (Oswald, 1988). Altitudinal distribution: 82- evenly brown or mottled with brown and yellow, 1951 m (Oswald, 1988). pronotal edges often paler; antennae golden brown, slightly darker apically; forewing (Fig. 3A). GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Reported from KLIMASZEWSKI & KEVAN: BROWN LACEWING FLIES 445 the central and western United States of America States of America and from northern Mexico (Car and northern Mexico (Carpenter, 1940; Oswald, penter, 1940; Nakahara, 1965a; Oswald, 1988) It 1988). Recorded in Canada only from Saskatoon is reported here for the first time from Canada in Saskatchewan (Carpenter, 1940). We report this (British Columbia). It has a typical western pattern species here for the first time from Alberta and of distribution along Rocky Mountains range. British Columbia and give an additional record from Saskatchewan, NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. CANADA: Brit ish Columbia: Osoyoos Lake, N. E. end, 19 May NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. CANADA: Al 1980, S. G. Cannings (UBC) 1 female; Penticton, berta: Empress. 7 June 1957, Brooks, MacNay 30 July 1981, S G, Cannings (UBC) 1 female; (UBC) 2 males; Empress, 22 August 1957. A. R. & Vernon, 8 June 1937, Hugh Leech (UBC) 3 males, J. E. Brooks (UBC) 1 male, 1 female; British Co 1 female, lumbia: Chilcotin, 1 June 1959, G. G. E. Scudder (UBC) 2 males, 1 female; Keremeos, 6 August S. PICTUS species group 1959, G. G. E. Scudder (UBC) 1 female; Merritt 21 September 1962, G. G, E. Scudder (UBC) 1 male; Vernon, 25 July 1963, G. G. E. Scudder S. ANGUSTUS complex (UBC) 1 male; Saskatchewan: Elbow. 17 August 1951, A. R. Brooks (UBC) 1 male, 1 female, Sympherobius angustus, (Banks), Figs 2A, B, 47-50 Sympherobius killingtoni, Carpenter, Figs 1 A, Hemerobius angustus Banks, 1904: 102, As Sympherobius. B,43-46 Banks. 1905a. 41, 1905b, 41; Carpenter. 1940: 233; Nakahara 1965a 211. 1965b, 109; Oswald. 1988 418, Sympherobius killingtoni Carpenter. 1940: 238; Nakahara, Lectotype female: United States. New Mexico. Dona Ana 1965a: 209; Oswald, 1988: 408. Holotype male: Eureka. Co. Mesilla; (MCl) type 11 485. Hemerobius angustus Ut[ahJ. 13 July; Spaulding call, call, N, Banks; (MCl) Bks, type; call. N, Banks; lectotype (MCl). Designated type 23 675; SympheroblUs killing toni del. F, M, C, Car by Carpenter (1940) Examined, penter (MCl), Examined. Sympherobius tnstls Navas, 1914 15. As synonym of S, Sympherobius texanus Nakahara. 1965a: 209. As synonym angustus, Carpenter, 1