DOCSLIB.ORG

Birthing Change: an Ethnographic Study of the Alaska Family Health & Birth Center in Fairbanks, Alaska

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Birthing Change: an Ethnographic Study of the Alaska Family Health & Birth Center in Fairbanks, Alaska Birthing change: an ethnographic study of the Alaska Family Health & Birth Center in Fairbanks, Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors Bennett, Danielle M. Redmond Download date 10/10/2021 21:40:31 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8277 BIRTHING CHANGE: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE ALASKA FAMILY HEALTH & BIRTH CENTER IN FAIRBANKS, ALASKA By Danielle M. Bennett Redmond RECOMMENDED: Advisory Committee Chair APPROVED: ( t Dean of the Graduate Softool Date BIRTHING CHANGE: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE ALASKA FAMILY HEALTH & BIRTH CENTER IN FAIRBANKS, ALASKA A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS by Danielle M. Bennett Redmond, B.A. Fairbanks, Alaska May 2013 iii Abstract This study examines the practices of the Alaska Family Health & Birth Center in order to understand how midwives help clients navigate the process of pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period with a high rate of success, as defined by a low cesarean rate, low mortality and morbidity, and high maternal satisfaction. How do the midwives prepare mothers to navigate the transformation and how do they address failure to progress during birth? This study analyzes birth as a rite of passage, which incorporates a culture’s worldview and its practices. These outcomes are achieved by employing a positive, holistic view of the natural, physiological process, by using practices that support the physiological process and minimize intervention, and by keeping the space in which out-of hospital birth takes place. The fact that parents are choosing an alternative ritual for birth at an increasing rate nationwide reflects a change happening in American culture. iv Table of Contents Page Signature Page .................................................................................................................i Title Page ......................................................................................................................... ii Abstract........................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ...........................................................................................................iv List of Acronyms............................................................................................................vii Chapter 1: Introduction..................................................................................................1 1.1 The Alaska Family Health & Birth Center (AFH&BC) ............................. 1 1.2 Controversy in American Maternity Care ..................................................2 1.3 Pregnancy and Birth at AFH&BC as a Rite of Passage: Research Questions, Hypothesis, and Analysis ....................................................... 8 1.4 Rites of Passage ........................................................................................ 10 1.5 Methods and Methodology ....................................................................... 18 1.6 Execution of Research ..............................................................................22 1.7 Chapter Summaries...................................................................................22 Chapter 2: The Alaska Context ..................................................................................24 2.1 Geography, Environment, and Culture ................................................... 24 2.2 Costs and Insurance ..................................................................................25 2.3 Alaska Native Birthing Traditions ............................................................ 26 Chapter 3: The Alaska Family Health & Birth Center Setting .................................31 3.1 The Midwifery Model of Care ................................................................... 31 3.2 Different Types of Birth Attendants..........................................................32 3.3 The Legal Context ......................................................................................33 3.4 Participant Demographics ........................................................................ 36 3.5 Study Participants and What Brought Them to AFH&BC ....................37 3.6 AFH&BC Statistics, Legal Status, and Funding .................................... 43 3.7 Out-of-Hospital and AFH&BC Demographics ........................................43 v Chapter 4: Prenatal Care ...........................................................................................46 4.1 A Prenatal Care Appointment with Sienna ........................................... 46 4.2 The Childbirth Preparation Class with Deb ...........................................49 4.3 Additional Notes on Prenatal Care .........................................................58 4.4 Conclusions about Preparation for Birth ............................................... 59 Chapter 5: Birth Stories ..............................................................................................61 5.1 Participant Birth Stories ...........................................................................61 5.2 Postpartum Care ...................................................................................... 70 5.3 Conclusions about Intrapartum Care .....................................................71 Chapter 6: The Physiological Process .....................................................................72 6.1 Emotions and Hormones .........................................................................72 6.2 “Going Deep Within” ................................................................................ 74 6.3 Authoritative Knowledge: The Knowledge ............................................ 75 6.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................79 Chapter 7: Failure to Progress ..................................................................................80 7.1 Preventing Failure to Progress ...............................................................80 7.2 Defining Progress.....................................................................................83 7.3 Authoritative Knowledge: The Authority ................................................ 85 7.4 Conclusion.................................................................................................87 Chapter 8: AFH&BC and Fairbanks Memorial Hospital ........................................ 89 8.1 Jane’s Birth Story ..................................................................................... 89 8.2 The Relationship Between AFH&BC and Fairbanks Memorial Hospital............................................................................................................ 91 8.3 Crisis as Normal ....................................................................................... 93 Chapter 9: The Role of the Midwife ..........................................................................96 9.1 Guardians of Birth ................................................................................... 96 9.1.1 Holding the Physical Space by Maintaining Infrastructure 96 9.1.2 Holding the External Space During Birth ................................97 9.1.3 Holding the Political Space ...................................................... 97 vi 9.2 Empowerment.......................................................................................... 98 Chapter 10: Conclusion............................................................................................. 100 10.1 Summary of Findings ............................................................................ 100 10.2 Epilogue..................................................................................................102 References..................................................................................................................103 Participant Interviews ................................................................................................ 113 vii List of Acronyms ACOG American Congress of Obstetricians & Gynecologists ACNM American College of Nurse-Midwives AFH&BC Alaska Family Health & Birth Center ANMC Alaska Native Medical Center in Anchorage, Alaska CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CNM Certified Nurse-midwife CPM Certified Professional Midwife DEM Direct-entry Midwife DKC Denali KidCare FDA Food and Drug Administration FMH Fairbanks Memorial Hospital GBS Group B Streptococcus IRB Institutional Review Board LLL La Leche League MAA Midwives Association of Alaska MANA Midwives Alliance of North America NARM North American Registry of Midwives NCHS U.S. National Center for Health Statistics NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit NIH U.S. National Institute of Health NRA National Rifle Association OOH Out-of-hospital PPD Postpartum Depression UC Unassisted Childbirth VBAC Vaginal Birth After Cesarean WHO World Health Organization 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 The Alaska Family Health & Birth Center (AFH&BC) For thirty years, the Alaska Family Health & Birth Center (AFH&BC) has provided pregnancy testing, prenatal care, and out-of-hospital (OOH) birth services to families in Fairbanks, Alaska. The midwives at AFH&BC use “the midwifery model of care,” which is a holistic approach that views pregnancy and birth as normal parts of the life cycle. In 2011, while the national rate of cesarean birth was 32.8 percent (Hamilton, Martin, and Ventura 2012,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Outcomes of Three Birthing Rooms
    Outcomes of Three Birthing Rooms Jacqueline B. Petravage, MD Salt Lake City, Utah For women who are prescreened to be at low risk, the birthing room located in a hospital can provide a home-like environ­ ment as well as proximity to the regular obstetrical unit in case of an unforeseen complication. Charts of 356 pairs of infants and mothers who were admitted to birthing rooms at three different hospitals were reviewed. The average age of the mother was 25.9 years. Approximately 20 percent of the women had complications requiring their transfer from the birthing room. Fifteen required a cesarean section. The mean Apgar scores of infants born to all women admitted to the birthing room (including those who were subsequently trans­ ferred) were 7.7 at one minute and 8.8 at five minutes. Neo­ natal complications included meconium aspiration (1), sepsis (1), a question of sepsis (1), congenital heart disease (1), and transient tachypnea of the newborn (1). Four infants and one mother required readmission. Although mothers were pre­ screened to be at low risk, complications did arise for both mother and infant that made proximity to the regular obstetri­ cal and neonatal units advantageous. Many women and men today are asking for obstetrical complications and are required to greater responsibility for and participation in the attend prenatal education classes. The rooms are birth of their children. Some have opted for home located in or near a hospital so that in the event of births, and indeed, the literature is replete with any unforeseen complication, the mother or infant accounts of these.1'4 Many medical personnel ex­ can be transferred to the traditional obstetrical or press doubts as to the safety of home births and pediatric unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Maimonides Labor & Delivery Tour
    Brooklyn Birthing Center (BBC) officially opened its doors to the public on Sunday, October 17th, 1999. BBC provides a complete network of maternity and women’s health services. Our first-rate prenatal care includes laboratory and diagnostic testing, education and, most of all, sensitive care during labor and birth. BBC is warm and inviting with individual bedrooms, a bath with large tub, a family room, and a kitchen. We strive to provide the home-like setting integral to our mission: to offer families the safe, comfortable birth experience they wish to have. Because our midwives have privileges at the highly-regarded and nearby Maimonides Medical Center, BBC midwives are also able to manage deliveries and catch babies in a hospital setting. This means our midwives can attend your delivery even if a hospital birth becomes necessary. “It was a wonderful experience,” said Yonina Shineweather, the first woman to give birth at BBC. “It was like having a customized birth. Instead of me having to conform to an existing system, everything was built around me and what I wanted.” The ultimate aim of BBC is to give childbearing families confidence in their ability to give birth naturally, balancing technology with sensitive, humane care. What is a midwife? Today’s midwife is a highly skilled professional, able to draw upon the vast resources of modern medicine while carrying on the centuries-old tradition of providing supportive assistance to women and their infants in childbirth. The midwife must possess an undergraduate degree in nursing or another discipline as well as graduate from an accredited educational program providing advanced and specialized training in midwifery.
    [Show full text]
  • Captive Orcas
    Captive Orcas ‘Dying to Entertain You’ The Full Story A report for Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) Chippenham, UK Produced by Vanessa Williams Contents Introduction Section 1 The showbiz orca Section 2 Life in the wild FINgerprinting techniques. Community living. Social behaviour. Intelligence. Communication. Orca studies in other parts of the world. Fact file. Latest news on northern/southern residents. Section 3 The world orca trade Capture sites and methods. Legislation. Holding areas [USA/Canada /Iceland/Japan]. Effects of capture upon remaining animals. Potential future capture sites. Transport from the wild. Transport from tank to tank. “Orca laundering”. Breeding loan. Special deals. Section 4 Life in the tank Standards and regulations for captive display [USA/Canada/UK/Japan]. Conditions in captivity: Pool size. Pool design and water quality. Feeding. Acoustics and ambient noise. Social composition and companionship. Solitary confinement. Health of captive orcas: Survival rates and longevity. Causes of death. Stress. Aggressive behaviour towards other orcas. Aggression towards trainers. Section 5 Marine park myths Education. Conservation. Captive breeding. Research. Section 6 The display industry makes a killing Marketing the image. Lobbying. Dubious bedfellows. Drive fisheries. Over-capturing. Section 7 The times they are a-changing The future of marine parks. Changing climate of public opinion. Ethics. Alternatives to display. Whale watching. Cetacean-free facilities. Future of current captives. Release programmes. Section 8 Conclusions and recommendations Appendix: Location of current captives, and details of wild-caught orcas References The information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of last publication: 30th April 2001. Some information is inevitably date-sensitive: please notify the author with any comments or updated information.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Whole Systems Traditional Chinese Medicine on in Vitro Fertilization Outcomes
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptReprod Author ManuscriptBiomed Online. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 June 01. Published in final edited form as: Reprod Biomed Online. 2015 June ; 30(6): 602–612. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.02.005. Impact of Whole Systems Traditional Chinese Medicine on In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes Lee E. Hullender Rubina, Michael S. Opsahlb, Klaus Wiemerb, Scott D. Mistc, and Aaron B. Caugheyc aOregon College of Oriental Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 75 NW Couch St, Portland Oregon, 97210, USA bNorthwest Center for Reproductive Sciences, Kirkland, Washington; Poma Fertility, Kirkland, Washingon, USA cOregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA Abstract Patients undergoing IVF patients may receive either acupuncture or whole-systems traditional Chinese medicine (WS-TCM) as an adjuvant IVF treatment. WS-TCM is a complex intervention that can include acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, dietary, lifestyle recommendations, or both. In this retrospective cohort study, 1231 IVF patient records were reviewed to assess the effect of adjuvant WS-TCM on IVF outcomes compared among three groups: IVF with no additional treatment; IVF and elective acupuncture on day of embryo transfer; or IVF and elective WS-TCM. The primary outcome was live birth. Of 1069 non-donor cycles, WS-TCM was associated with greater odds of live birth compared with IVF alone (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 to 3.21), or embryo transfer with acupuncture only (AOR 1.62; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.52). Of 162 donor cycles, WS-TCM was associated with increased live births compared with all groups (odds Ratio [OR] 3.72; 95% CI 1.05 to 13.24, unadjusted] or embryo transfer with acupuncture only (OR 4.09; 95% CI: 1.02 to 16.38, unadjusted).
    [Show full text]
  • Statement on Unassisted Birth Attended by a Doula
    Statement On Unassisted Birth Attended by a Doula _______________________________________________________ Definition Unassisted childbirth – the process of intentionally giving birth without the assistance of a medical or professional birth attendant – is a decision made by a very small percentage of parents. DONA International certified and member doulas provide physical, informational and emotional support. Any type of medical or clinical assistance is outside the scope of practice agreed upon by DONA International certified and member doulas. DONA International opines herein on the considerations a doula must make when accepting clients planning an unassisted birth. Introduction Unassisted childbirth (UC) refers to the process of intentionally giving birth without the assistance of a medical or professional birth attendant. UC is also sometimes referred to as free birth, DIY (do-it-yourself) birth, unhindered birth and couples birth. In response to the recent growth in interest over UC, several national medical societies, including the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canadai, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologistsii, and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologistsiii, have issued strongly worded public statements warning against the practice. Professional midwives' associations, including the Royal College of Midwivesiv and the American College of Nurse-Midwivesv also caution against UC. Those who promote UCvi claim the practice offers mothers-to-be a natural way of welcoming their child into the world, free from drugs, machinery and medical intervention. They also note that UC allows a woman to listen to her body's signals rather than coaching from an outsider. The women who are choosing UC may do so because they do not feel supported and respected in the obstetrical care facilities available in their areas, or they are unable to afford or obtain home midwifery or physician support, which is more in line with their philosophies.
    [Show full text]
  • Birthing Outside the System: Trauma and Autonomy in Maternity Care
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/201204 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-07 and may be subject to change. Birthing outside the system: system: the Birthing outside Uitnodiging voor het bijwonen van de openbare verdediging van mijn proefschrift Birthing outside the system: trauma and autonomy in maternity care op dinsdag 19 maart 2019 om 14:30 uur in de Aula van de Radboud Universiteit trauma and autonomy in maternity care in maternity autonomy and trauma Comeniuslaan 2, Nijmegen. U bent van harte welkom bij deze plechtigheid en de aansluitende receptie. Martine Hollander [email protected] | Martine Helene Hollander Martine Helene Birthing outside the system: trauma and autonomy in maternity care Paranimfen Lianne Holten [email protected] Martine Helene Hollander Claire Stramrood [email protected] Birthing outside the system: trauma and autonomy in maternity care Martine Helene Hollander 528107-L-sub01-bw-Hollander Processed on: 23-1-2019 PDF page: 1 ISBN 978-94-028-1373-9 Design/lay-out Promotie In Zicht, Arnhem Print Ipskamp Printing, Enschede © M.H. Hollander, 2019 All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author. 528107-L-sub01-bw-Hollander Processed on: 23-1-2019 PDF page: 2 Birthing outside the system: trauma and autonomy in maternity care Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Birthing Center Application
    TRICARE NON-NETWORK BIRTHING CENTER APPLICATION We expect providers to submit claims electronically. If it is necessary to submit a paper claim, the only acceptable forms are the approved red and white NUCC 1500 (02-12) form and the NUBC UB-04 (CMS -1450) forms. These forms must include the instructions on the back page. Please submit the completed application package to: Fax: 844-730-1373 or Mail to: TRICARE West Provider Data Management PO Box 202106 Florence, SC 29502-2106 Health Net Federal Services offers payments and remittances by National Provider Identifier (NPI) number. The NPI billed on the claim will determine where payment and remittance will be sent. It is critical the information provided matches how your office will file claims. Inconsistent data will negatively impact claims payment. If your business requires multiple mailing/payment addresses, please provide an NPI for each. If you have more than one NPI, you must complete a separate application for each NPI number. Revised: 08/06/2019 TRICARE is a registered trademark of the Department of Defense, Defense Health Agency. All rights reserved. TRICARE NON-NETWORK BIRTHING CENTER APPLICATION Facility Name: ________________________________________________________ Federal Tax Number: ____________________________ NPI# _________________________________________ Facility Location (Street Address): Billing Address for this NPI: _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Experiences of Women Who Have Planned Unassisted Home Births: a Systematic Review Protocol
    SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL Experiences of women who have planned unassisted home births: a systematic review protocol 1 1 2,3 Danielle Macdonald Josephine Etowa Melissa Helwig 1School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, 2W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, and 3Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Review question/objective: The objective of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize the qualitative evidence on the experiences of women in high resource countries who have planned unassisted home births. This qualitative review aims to answer the following question: what are the experiences of women who have planned unassisted home births? Keywords Freebirth; unassisted birth; unassisted home birth JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep 2019; 17(1):16–21. Introduction urging of physicians for reasons such as safety and 11 here are many decisions that women and family hygiene. This new, innovative medical model of birthing in hospitals slowly became normative after T members face as they prepare for the birth of a 12 new child. Place of birth and the type of healthcare World War II. As women and families came to provider for perinatal care are two common consid- associate hospital birth with safety, their interest and erations for women and families. For many women, trust in home births dwindled. In countries like a hospital is the preferred location for labor and Canada and the United States, in the 1970–80 s delivery, attended by a physician.1 Increasingly, in the home birth movement emerged in response to high resource countries,2,3 women and families are the misuse of obstetrical interventions, less than ideal birthing experiences and lack of choice for non- choosing to have midwifery care and home births 12 attended by midwives.4 normative ways of birthing.
    [Show full text]
  • WATER BIRTH in a MATERNITY Hospital of the SUPPLEMENTARY HEALTH SECTOR in SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL: a CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
    1 Original Article http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072016002180015 WATER BIRTH IN A MATERNITY HOSPITAL OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY HEALTH SECTOR IN SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Tânia Regina Scheidt1, Odaléa Maria Brüggemann2 1 M.Sc. in Nursing. Obstetric Nurse, Maternidade Carmela Dutra Hospital. Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. E-mail: ainatrs@ gmail.com 2 Ph.D in Obstetrics. Professor, Departamento de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Researcher Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the prevalence of water births in a maternity hospital of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and to investigate the association between sociodemographic and obstetric variables and water birth. The sample consisted of 973 women who had normal births between June 2007 and May 2013. Data was analyzed through descriptive and bivariate statistics, and estimated prevalence and tested associations through the use of the chi-square test; the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio were calculated. The prevalence of water births was 13.7%. Of the 153 women who had water birth, most were aged between 20 to 34 years old (122), had a companion (112), a college degree (136), were primiparous (101), had a pregnancy without complications (129) and were admitted in active labor (94). There was no association between sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric outcomes in the bivariate and multivariate analyses and in the adjusted model. Only women with private sources for payment had the opportunity to give birth in water.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Birth in Saskatchewan
    Home Birth in Saskatchewan Childbirth is a life-changing experience. Many expectant parents may want to take some time to research, explore, and think about their choices for childbirth and the type of birth experience they want to have. There are personal, cultural, religious, medical, economic, and other reasons why some women may prefer one birth setting over another. Both home and hospital births are valid, well-researched options. When considering a home (out of hospital) birth, some women may consider an unassisted home delivery, also known as a “freebirth”. This is when women choose to birth at home without a licensed prenatal care provider (i.e., family physician, registered midwife, or obstetrician). Instead, they give birth by themselves or with other unlicensed birth attendants, such as doulas, friends, or their partners. All women want to have a positive birth experience and a healthy baby. It is possible for women to plan for the childbirth experience they want, while still working with a licensed prenatal care provider. It takes open and honest communication between women, partners, and healthcare providers. This resource is designed for pregnant women who are thinking about having a home delivery unassisted by a licensed prenatal care provider. It highlights the importance of having a licensed prenatal care provider present. This resource also outlines the potential risks of having an unassisted home delivery. Women can use this information to make informed decisions about their childbirth. It is important for women to know that if they birth at home without a licensed prenatal care provider, both they and their babies are at an increased risk of poor health outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Birthing Outside the System: Trauma and Autonomy in Maternity Care
    Birthing outside the system: trauma and autonomy in maternity care Martine Helene Hollander Birthing outside the system: trauma and autonomy in maternity care Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 19 maart 2019 om 14.30 uur precies door ISBN 978-94-028-1373-9 Design/lay-out Martine Helene Hollander Promotie In Zicht, Arnhem geboren op 11 januari 1975 te Leiderdorp Print Ipskamp Printing, Enschede © M.H. Hollander, 2019 All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author. Promotoren Contents Prof. dr. F.P.H.A. Vandenbussche Prof. dr. J.A.M. van der Post (Amsterdam UMC) Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Copromotoren Chapter 2 Women refusing standard obstetric care: maternal-fetal conflict 19 Dr. J. van Dillen or doctor-patient conflict? Legal and ethical considerations Dr. E. de Miranda (Amsterdam UMC) Chapter 3 Women’s motivations for choosing a high risk birth setting 31 Manuscriptcommissie against medical advice in the Netherlands: a qualitative analysis Prof. dr. A.E.M. Speckens Chapter 4 Fulfilling a need. Holistic midwifery in the Netherlands: 59 Prof. dr. S.A. Scherjon (Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen) a qualitative analysis Dr. A. de Jonge (Amsterdam UMC) Chapter 5 ‘She convinced me’- Partner involvement in choosing a high 91 risk birth setting against medical advice in the Netherlands: a qualitative analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Intrapartum Nitrous Oxide Use on Comfort and Satisfaction with the Birth Experience
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects January 2020 Effects Of Intrapartum Nitrous Oxide Use On Comfort And Satisfaction With The Birth Experience Tami Such Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Such, Tami, "Effects Of Intrapartum Nitrous Oxide Use On Comfort And Satisfaction With The Birth Experience" (2020). Theses and Dissertations. 3125. https://commons.und.edu/theses/3125 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF INTRAPARTUM NITROUS OXIDE USE ON COMFORT AND SATISFACTION WITH THE BIRTH EXPERIENCE by Tami Lynn Such Bachelor of Science in Nursing, University of Mary, 1998 Master of Science in Nursing, Minnesota State University-Moorhead, 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Grand Forks, North Dakota March 2020 Copyright © 2020 Tami L. Such ii iii PERMISSION Title Effects of Intrapartum Nitrous Oxide Use on Comfort Satisfaction with the Birth Experience Department College of Nursing and Professional Disciplines Degree Doctor of Philosophy In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection.
    [Show full text]