Eyelid Layers Glands in the Eyelids
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Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal. -
The Complexity and Origins of the Human Eye: a Brief Study on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Origin of the Eye
Running Head: THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 1 The Complexity and Origins of the Human Eye: A Brief Study on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Origin of the Eye Evan Sebastian A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2010 THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David A. Titcomb, PT, DPT Thesis Chair ______________________________ David DeWitt, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Garth McGibbon, M.S. Committee Member ______________________________ Marilyn Gadomski, Ph.D. Assistant Honors Director ______________________________ Date THE COMPLEX HUMAN EYE 3 Abstract The human eye has been the cause of much controversy in regards to its complexity and how the human eye came to be. Through following and discussing the anatomical and physiological functions of the eye, a better understanding of the argument of origins can be seen. The anatomy of the human eye and its many functions are clearly seen, through its complexity. When observing the intricacy of vision and all of the different aspects and connections, it does seem that the human eye is a miracle, no matter its origins. Major biological functions and processes occurring in the retina show the intensity of the eye’s intricacy. After viewing the eye and reviewing its anatomical and physiological domain, arguments regarding its origins are more clearly seen and understood. Evolutionary theory, in terms of Darwin’s thoughts, theorized fossilization of animals, computer simulations of eye evolution, and new research on supposed prior genes occurring in lower life forms leading to human life. -
Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
Absent Meibomian Glands: a Marker for Eecsyndrome
ABSENT MEIBOMIAN GLANDS: A MARKER FOR EECSYNDROME ELIZABETH BONNAR, PATRICIA LOGAN and PETER EUSTACE Dublin, Ireland SUMMARY watering eye for the previous week. He gave a A patient with a 20 year history of severe keratocon history of continuous attendance at eye clinics in junctivitis of unknown origin was found, on assessment various hospitals since the age of 3 years and was at a blepharitis clinic, to have complete absence of currently attending our own clinic, where he had last meibomian glands. Further examination revealed the been seen 1 month previously. Maintenance medica features of EEC syndrome. To our knowledge, this is tion was antiviral ointment and artificial tears. Old the only case to have been diagnosed in this way. The notes were unavailable on admission but there had ocular complications of EEC syndrome and other been a previous spontaneous perforation of the left ectodermal dysplasias are reviewed. cornea at the age of 15 years, and an operation for a blocked tear duct on the right side at the age of 8 The combination of ectrodactyly (lobster claw years. deformity of the hands and feet), ectodermal Vision was 6/18 on the right and hand movements dysplasia (abnormalities of hair, teeth, nails and on the left. There was marked photophobia and sweat glands) and cleft lip and palate, known as EEC tearing on both sides. The left cornea was opacified syndrome, is a rare multiple congenital abnormal and vascularised 360°, with central thinning and a ity.1,2 Fewer than 180 cases have been reported in the small perforation just inferonasal to the pupil (Fig. -
Eyelid Conjunctival Tumors
EYELID &CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS PHOTOGRAPHIC ATLAS Dr. Olivier Galatoire Dr. Christine Levy-Gabriel Dr. Mathieu Zmuda EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS 4 EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS Dear readers, All rights of translation, adaptation, or reproduction by any means are reserved in all countries. The reproduction or representation, in whole or in part and by any means, of any of the pages published in the present book without the prior written consent of the publisher, is prohibited and illegal and would constitute an infringement. Only reproductions strictly reserved for the private use of the copier and not intended for collective use, and short analyses and quotations justified by the illustrative or scientific nature of the work in which they are incorporated, are authorized (Law of March 11, 1957 art. 40 and 41 and Criminal Code art. 425). EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS 5 6 EYELID & CONJUNCTIVAL TUMORS Foreword Dr. Serge Morax I am honored to introduce this Photographic Atlas of palpebral and conjunctival tumors,which is the culmination of the close collaboration between Drs. Olivier Galatoire and Mathieu Zmuda of the A. de Rothschild Ophthalmological Foundation and Dr. Christine Levy-Gabriel of the Curie Institute. The subject is now of unquestionable importance and evidently of great interest to Ophthalmologists, whether they are orbital- palpebral specialists or not. Indeed, errors or delays in the diagnosis of tumor pathologies are relatively common and the consequences can be serious in the case of malignant tumors, especially carcinomas. Swift diagnosis and anatomopathological confirmation will lead to a treatment, discussed in multidisciplinary team meetings, ranging from surgery to radiotherapy. -
A Rare Presentation of Lower Conjunctival Fornix Eyelashes Cyst Dr Mohammad Aldroos (MD)* *Department of Ophthalmology, Jordanian Royal Medical Services
Int J Biol Med Res.2018 ;9(1):6259-6260 Int J Biol Med Res www.biomedscidirect.com Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2015 Contents lists available at BioMedSciDirect Publications International Journal of Biological & Medical Research Journal homepage: www.biomedscidirect.com BioMedSciDirect International Journal of Publications BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Case report A rare presentation of lower conjunctival fornix eyelashes cyst Dr Mohammad Aldroos (MD)* *Department of Ophthalmology, Jordanian Royal Medical Services A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Keywords: Purpose: To describe a rare presentation of a right lower conjunctival fornix eyelashes cyst. Case Report: A 56 year-old lady presented to our clinic complaining of blackish mass in the lower conjunctival fornix of the right eye ( see fig.1), with mild conjunctival hyperemia around the mass. There was no history of discharge and difficulty in extraocular muscles movements also there was no history of trauma. A gradually enlarging mass over the past few years with recurrent conjunctivitis. Slit lamp examination of the mass showed normal appearing eyelashes surrounded by capsule only. The mass was surgically excised with good cosmetic appearance and without any complications c Copyright 2010 BioMedSciDirect Publications IJBMR - ISSN: 0976:6685. All rights reserved. Introduction Fig.2 Eyelashes grow on the edge of the eyelid. A normal eyelid has a single row of eyelashes located along its anterior margin. The posterior portion of the lid contains a row of Meibomian glands orifices, which secrete the oily component of the tear film (1). There are approximately 100 eye lashes on the upper lid and approximately 50-75 on the lower lid, they protect the eyeball. -
Ophthalmic and Adnexal Complications of Radiotherapy
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 2007 Review Article Ophthalmic and adnexal complications of radiotherapy Shane R. Durkin,1 Daniel Roos,2 Braden Higgs,2 Robert J. Casson1,3 and Dinesh Selva1,3 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 3Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide South Australia, Australia ABSTRACT. The efficacy of radiotherapy is The role of radiotherapy in ophthalmic practice continues to grow. This determined by aspects of radiation growth has seen an expansion of indications for radiotherapy, a refinement of delivery and the biological conse- the modalities that can be used and a reduction in the ocular and adnexal com- quences to the tumour and normal tis- plications that result from this form of therapy. The compendium of indica- sues. By giving radiation doses over a tions for radiotherapy in ophthalmology continues to grow and now includes number of fractions, damage to nor- many conditions such as the treatment of lid and adnexal disease, ocular sur- mal tissues can be reduced due to the repair of sublethal damage between face disorders and both benign and malignant disease of the posterior segment fractions and repopulation of cells and optic pathways. The radiotherapeutic modalities employed to manage during the course of treatment. these conditions are numerous and include -
Surgical Excision of Eyelid Lesions Reference Number: CP.VP.75 Coding Implications Last Review Date: 12/2020 Revision Log
Clinical Policy: Surgical Excision of Eyelid Lesions Reference Number: CP.VP.75 Coding Implications Last Review Date: 12/2020 Revision Log See Important Reminder at the end of this policy for important regulatory and legal information. Description: The majority of eyelid lesions are benign, ranging from innocuous cysts and chalazion/hordeolum to nevi and papillomas. Key features that should prompt further investigation include gradual enlargement, central ulceration or induration, irregular borders, eyelid margin destruction or loss of lashes, and telangiectasia. This policy describes the medical necessity requirements for surgical excision of eyelid lesions. Policy/Criteria I. It is the policy of health plans affiliated with Centene Corporation® (Centene) that surgical excision and repair of eyelid or conjunctiva due to lesion or cyst or eyelid foreign body removal is medically necessary for any of the following indications: A. Lesion with one or more of the following characteristics: 1. Bleeding; 2. Persistent or intense itching; 3. Pain; 4. Inflammation; 5. Restricts vision or eyelid function; 6. Misdirects eyelashes or eyelid; 7. Displaces lacrimal puncta or interferes with tear flow; 8. Touches globe; 9. Unknown etiology with potential for malignancy; B. Lesions classified as one of the following: 1. Malignant; 2. Benign; 3. Cutaneous papilloma; 4. Cysts; 5. Embedded foreign bodies; C. Periocular warts associated with chronic conjunctivitis. Background The majority of eyelid lesions are benign, ranging from innocuous cysts and chalazion/hordeolum to nevi and papillomas. Key features that should prompt further investigation include gradual enlargement, central ulceration or induration, irregular borders, eyelid margin destruction or loss of lashes, and telangiectasia. Benign tumors, even though benign, often require removal and therefore must be examined carefully and the differential diagnosis of a malignant eyelid tumor considered and the method of removal planned. -
Pediatric Pharmacology and Pathology
7/31/2017 In the next 2 hours……. Pediatric Pharmacology and Pathology . Ocular Medications and Children The content of th is COPE Accredited CE activity was prepared independently by Valerie M. Kattouf O.D. without input from members of the optometric community . Brief review of examination techniques/modifications for children The content and format of this course is presented without commercial bias and does not claim superiority of any commercial product or service . Common Presentations of Pediatric Pathology Valerie M. Kattouf O.D., F.A.A.O. Illinois College of Optometry Chief, Pediatric Binocular Vision Service Associate Professor Ocular Medications & Children Ocular Medications & Children . Pediatric systems differ in: . The rules: – drug excretion – birth 2 years old = 1/2 dose kidney is the main site of drug excretion – 2-3 years old = 2/3 dose diminished 2° renal immaturity – > 3 years old = adult dose – biotransformation liver is organ for drug metabolism Impaired 2° enzyme immaturity . If only 50 % is absorbed may be 10x maximum dosage Punctal Occlusion for 3-4 minutes ↓ systemic absorption by 40% Ocular Medications & Children Ocular Medications & Children . Systemic absorption occurs through….. Ocular Meds with strongest potential for pediatric SE : – Mucous membrane of Nasolacrimal Duct 80% of each gtt passing through NLD system is available for rapid systemic absorption by the nasal mucosa – 10 % Phenylephrine – Conjunctiva – Oropharynx – 2 % Epinephrine – Digestive system (if swallowed) Modified by variation in Gastric pH, delayed gastric emptying & intestinal mobility – 1 % Atropine – Skin (2° overflow from conjunctival sac) Greatest in infants – 2 % Cyclopentalate Blood volume of neonate 1/20 adult Therefore absorbed meds are more concentrated at this age – 1 % Prednisone 1 7/31/2017 Ocular Medications & Children Ocular Medications & Children . -
Lid and Lash Conditions
Perth Veterinary Ophthalmology Lid and Lash Conditions Eyelid Diseases The most common eyelid diseases are entropion, ectropion and facial droop. Entropion Entropion means a turning in of the lids. This is a common complaint in young dogs but can sometimes affect older dogs and cats as well. Most cases in young dogs affect the lower lids, but the upper lid can become affected in later life in some breeds such as Cocker Spaniels and Bloodhounds. Entropion Some breeds such as Shar Peis, Chows, Rottweillers and Mastiffs can have very complex entropion leading to defects in both upper and lower lids. A Shar Pei with severe upper and lower lid entropion Entropion is painful and can be potentially blinding. The rolling in of the lid leads to hair coming into contact with the cornea, leading to pain, ulceration and scarring (which can affect vision). In severe cases this can even lead to perforation of the eye. There are many causes of entropion. It can be primary or secondary to other problems affecting the lids (such as ectopic cilia, distichiasis etc. - see below). Some possible causes include the lid being too long, the lid being too tight, instability of the lateral canthus (outer cornea of the eyelids), misdirection of the lateral canthal tendon, brachycephalic anatomy (big eyes and short nose - e.g. Pekingese, Pugs, Shih Tsus, Persian cats etc.), diamond eye defects, loose or too much skin, facial droop etc. Often these cases are referred to a veterinary ophthalmologist for proper assessment and treatment to provide the best outcome. Entropion requires surgical correction. -
Innovations-2019 Copy
Innovations in Eyecare Paul M. Karpecki, OD, FAAO Kentucky Eye Institute, Lexington KY Gaddie Eye Centers, Louisville KY Retina Associates of KY UPike KY College of Optometry Chief Clinical Editor, Review of Optometry Medical Director, TECP !1 Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Sequelae Stem Cell – Persistent epithelial defects Technologies – Corneal scarring and ulceration – Conjunctivalization of the cornea – Severe visual loss – Chronic pain – Keratoplasty failure Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation Keratolimbal Allograft Donor Recipient Procedures Donor Autograft – Conjunctival limbal autograft fellow eye Allograft – Living-related conjunctival limbal allograft relative – Keratolimbal allograft cadaver Keratolimbal Allograft RPE Tissue regenerated from Stem Cells S/P Tube Shunt S/P KLAL S/P PK VA 20/30 RPE Tissue Regenerated from ReNeuron’s cryopreserved Pluripotent Skin Stem Cells formulation of retinal stem cell therapy candidate • Cryopreserved formulation of ReNeuron Group’s human retinal progenitor cell therapeutic candidate • From RP in phase II to Rod Cone Dystrophy phase II !14 Stem Cell Coated Contact Lenses • Aniridia patients • Contact lens overwear? • Various ocular surface disease issues: – Steven’s Johnson syndrome – Ocular pemphigoid – GVH – Chemical burns !15 Sensimed Triggerfish lens: Diurnal IOP measurements !17 !18 Glucose Monitoring Contact Lens !19 !20 Yolia Health PROKERA® Class II medical device • Contact lens reshaping comprising of CRYOTEK™ technology after instillation amniotic membrane into a of drops that can alter -
The Management of Congenital Malpositions of Eyelids, Eyes and Orbits
Eye (\988) 2, 207-219 The Management of Congenital Malpositions of Eyelids, Eyes and Orbits S. MORAX AND T. HURBLl Paris Summary Congenital malformations of the eye and its adnexa which are multiple and varied can affect the whole eyeball or any part of it, as well as the orbit, eyelids, lacrimal ducts, extra-ocular muscles and conjunctiva. A classification of these malformations is presented together with the general principles of treatment, age of operating and surgical tactics. The authors give some examples of the anatomo-clinical forms, eyelid malpositions such as entropion, ectropion, ptosis, levator eyelid retraction, medial canthus malposition, congenital eyelid colobomas, and congenital orbital abnormalities (Craniofacial stenosis, orbi tal plagiocephalies, hypertelorism, anophthalmos, microphthalmos and cryptophthalmos) . Congenital malformations of the eye and its as echography, CT-scan and NMR, enzymatic adnexa are multiple and varied. They can work-up or genetic studies (Table I). affect the whole eyeball or any part of it, as Surgical treatment when feasible will well as the orbit, eyelids, lacrimal ducts extra encounter numerous problems; age will play a ocular muscles and conjunctiva. role, choice of a surgical protocol directly From the anatomical point of view, the fol related to the existing complaints, and coop lowing can be considered. eration between several surgical teams Position abnormalities (malpositions) of (ophthalmologic, plastic, cranio-maxillo-fac one or more elements and formation abnor ial and neurosurgical), the ideal being to treat malities (malformations) of the same organs. Some of these abnormalities are limited to Table I The manag ement of cong enital rna/positions one organ and can be subjected to a relatively of eyelid s, eyes and orbits simple and well recognised surgical treat Ocular Findings: ment.