Literary Terms Allegory: Is a Form of Narrative in Which People, Places

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Literary Terms Allegory: is a form of narrative in which people, places and happenings have hidden or symbolic meaning. Example: Animal Farm by George Orwell is a book in which a farm governed by animals stands to represent the communist regime of Stalin in Russia before the Second World War. Allusions: A reference to another literary work or piece of art that the reader should understand in order to make connections. Example: “I was surprised his nose did not grow like Pinocchio’s after he told that lie.” This refers to the story of Pinocchio where his nose grew whenever he told a lie. It is a reference from The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi. Flashback: is a literary device that allows writers to show their audience specific events that happened before the current action of the story. Genre: is a category system that literature falls into based on specific conventions that develop to characterize the differences. Example: Western, Romance, Science Fiction. Irony: can be verbal, situational, sarcastic, or dramatic. This is when the meaning, situation or action is one thing but means something different. Example: “The name of Britain’s biggest dog is Tiny.” Satire: is a type of literacy device where an author ridicules specific people, groups, or some aspect of society. Setting: is where the story takes place. Example: New York City Symbol: is a concrete or physical object that represents an abstract concept. Example: A flag represents freedom. Theme: is an abstraction that represents the central idea of the story. Example: Greed, Jealousy, Sadness. Narrator: tells the story either in the first, second, or third person point of view. Climax: is the most exciting part of a story where all the main conflicts come together. Foreshadowing: is when the author hints at actions that will occur in the future. Metaphor: is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things. Example: Time, you thief! Onomatopoeia: words that describe a sound that an object makes. Example: The snake hissed. Personification: is when the authors give human traits to animals or a lifeless object. Example: The water sang ‘splish splash.’ Imagery: is a writer’s vivid description that helps readers visualize. .

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© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. ■ Introduction In 1974, I visited the mining area of South Wales to make a short educational radio programme about the nationalization of the mines, which took place under the Labour government of 1945– 50. One miner and political activist, Chris Evans, gave me a long interview ranging across the history of locality, mining, work, and his hopes for a socialist future. In describing the nature of life and work, he moved into recitation mode and said: I go to work, to earn money to buy bread to build up my strength, to go to work to earn money to buy bread to build up my strength to go to work . We laughed wryly. I enjoyed the way in which he had reduced the whole cycle of life and work into one rhythmic account. In literary terms, it turns the intricate interactions of existence into emblems, single vignettes that flow one to the other, contrasting with each other. It is, then, a particular kind of storytelling used with the in- tent of revealing or alerting a reader or listener to what the speaker thinks is an unsatisfactory state of affairs. The fact that the story doesn’t end with a conclusion hits the button because through its never- ending form (rather than through words themselves) it re- veals the folly, drudgery, and wrongness of what is being critiqued. 1 For general queries, contact [email protected] © Copyright, Princeton University Press.
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