Brecon Beacons National Park Designated 17th April 1957 Size 1,347km2 520miles2 Landscape features Highest point: Pen y Fan 886m Lowest point: Geulan Goch 23.7m (near Llandeilo) Longest beach: None Largest lake: Llangorse Lake 1.53km2 (153ha) Largest reservoir: Talybont Reservoir 1.33km2 (133ha) Largest deciduous woodland: Llanymddyfri 2.48km2 (248ha) Largest coniferous woodland: Mynydd Du Forest 10.17km2 (1,017ha) Largest moorland area: Near Fforest Fawr 31.82km2 (3,182ha) Coast Rivers Footpaths Bridleways Miles 2,706 1,248 214 0 Kilometres 4,355 2,008 345 1 Land ownership Private Ownership 65.0% Brecon Beacon National Park Authority 14.7% Natural Resources Wales 12.7% Welsh Water 3.9% National Trust 3.7% 2 Protected Areas National Nature Reserve s 1,036ha Special Areas of Conservation 3,212ha Sites of Special Scientific Interest 24,942ha Special Protected Areas 0.0ha The Waterfalls Country in the upper reaches of the River YNeath Migneint is a remarkable area of waterfalls with an amazing Ardalbiodiversity o weundir/gorgors of over 600 plant yn cyrraeddspecies. There uchder are o many 479m rare gydalichens arwynebedd and mosses thato 142.35km2. thrive on the Mae’r moisture ardal within yn cael the eiwooded ddefnyddio valleys. i amaethyddiaeth,The beautiful scenery ond andhefyd waterfalls yn cyflenwi make llawerthe area mwy very opopular wasanaethau for visitors. ecosystem, Some people mae’n just dir come nythu pwysigto walk ini adar, the area yn storio while dŵrothers a charbon go gorge ac walking. yn glanhau Both can yhave dŵr ani ni. impact Mae on yr theardal biodiversity. o dan fygythiad Footpath o brindererosion dŵr,damages camddefnydd(vegetation and soilbeiciau while sgramblo)a gorge walking thannau can destroy . Fel math some oof gadwraeth,the rarer plants mae in ffosydd the river. a agorwydRepairs have yn y been gorffennol carried out ito ddraenio many of they tir, footpaths yn cael euand llenwi some a’ugorge blocio walking i storio rules y and dŵrregulations yn yr ucheldir, have been i geisio created helpu to try y andplanhigion reduce thei storio problem y in carbonthe future. at y dyfodol. TheMorfa River Harelch Usk rises in the Black Mountain and flows Ardalthrough o dwynithe Park tywod to Abergavenny ar lefel y môr, and 6km2 finally mewn enters the maint.Severn DefnyddirEstuary at Newport.yr ardal ar The gyfer whole amaethyddiaeth, river is a Special hamddenaArea of Conservation a phlanhigfa (SAC). gonwydd. The main Mae reason y twyni it was yn created bwysiga SAC is i becauseamddiffyn of Harlechthe migratory rhag y fish, môr, salmon,ac yn gynefin bullheads, ilampreys anifeiliaid and a phlanhigiontwait (a type prin.of herring). Mae yr The ardal fish o danspawn fygythiadtheir eggs ganin the godiad upper yn parts lefel of y themôr, river erydiad so having o’r twyni, clean acwater ysbwriel in the oddiriver aris longauvery important. ar y môr, Otters ac oddi also ar livey tir. along Darganfyddirthe river, feeding madfall on the y tywodfish. Threatsprin yma, to the a cynyddwyd fish can come eufrom poblogaeth pollution ganfrom fod the rhai land wedi and eulow ail water gyflwyno. levels in dry summers. Llyn Tegid TheY llyn Black naturiol Mountains mwyaf yng Nghymru SSSI covers ar uchder nearly o 8,000 163m, hectares maintof heather o 10.24km2 moorland a between43 metr o the ddyfn River . Mae Monnow Llyn Tegid and Riveryn safleUsk. The SoDdGA area is ag under Ramsar threat ac fromyn gorsdir recreational pwysig. pressure Defnyddir yand llyn overgrazing. ar gyfer hamddena The moorland – pysgota, is also hwylio prone a chanwioto fires in ac the mae’nspring ifhelpu the weatheri gyflenwi is particularlydŵr i swydd dry.Gaer. A partnershipMae y Gwyniad has a’rbeen falwen set up gludiog to help yn the ddau area; rywiogaeth farmers whose unigryw animals i’r llyn graze syddthe mountain, dan fygythiad the Brecon gan algau Beacons gwenwynig, National a achosirPark Authority gan nitredau(BBNPA), and Natural ffosffedau. Resources Dim ondWales cychod (NRW) achub and thegaiff Welsh fynd arGovernment y llyn ermwyn are allceisio working lleihau together lefelau toy llygredd.control bracken, Mae ymanage Parc Cenedlaethol heather and yn work gweithio on the yn paths agos togyda’r reduce ffermwyr erosion. lleolDitches ag areAsiantaeth being dammed yr Amgylchedd to stop iwater fonitro from safon flowing y dŵr and sy’ncausing mynd erosion i’r llyn while i geisio soil lleihau has been y risg. covered with a material called geojute to help plants grow in the peat again. So far the work done has really helped the area. 3 Under threat - Lapwings have a lovely shiny green colouring on their backs, a round wing shape in flight and a crest on their heads. These ground nesting birds are very fussy during the nesting period of late February to early May. They need bare to nearly bare ground that is damp or dry with easy access to lots of insects. They also need areas of shallow water to find insects when the chicks are young. The number of lapwings has declined over the years. Farmers draining fields and grazing more animals has meant that their nesting sites are being lost. There are also fewer worms and insects because of chemicals that are used on the land. Llangorse Lake is one of the best places to see lapwings in the National Park. Even here there are only about 6 nesting pairs although up to 100 can be seen on a winter’s day. The Brecon Beacons National Park Authority owns some of the land around the lake and has managed the area in a way to help the lapwing. Visitors are kept out of certain parts while some trees have been felled to reduce perches for birds of prey. Farm animals are also kept off during the nesting season. Threatening - Mink Our native wildlife lives in a balanced way within a habitat that has developed over a long period of time. When a new species like the American mink is introduced this balance can be upset. The mink is a small but agile and adaptable predator and since its escape into the wild it has adapted well to living in Britain. It can swim, run and climb and will eat a variety of other animals such as waterfowl, fish, amphibians, small mammals and reptiles. The mink is one of the main reasons for the decline in the number of water voles. Water voles evade predators by swimming but, as the mink can swim as well, the water vole becomes an easy meal! The mink has no predator to control its numbers. 4 Visitors Facts and figures 4.1 million visitors per year, about 5 million visitor days. What do the visitors do here? Most of the visitors to the Brecon Beacons come for the scenery and the peace and quiet. Visitor spend per head £27.95 Visitor advantages Tourism is worth about £206 million to the local economy. It can work well with agriculture, another important industry of the area. Activities such as pony trekking, walking, fishing and bed and breakfast can all be carried out on a farm and earn the farmer useful income. Visitor disadvantages Large numbers of visitors using cars can cause congestion of roads especially narrow country lanes. Popular places for walkers can become damaged by erosion which can be expensive to repair. Sustainable tourism One of the most successful examples of sustainable tourism has been the Beacons Bus. The scheme which was funded by a number of organisations and local authorities ran from 1998 to 2013. It encouraged people to use public transport rather than their cars. The Beacons buses ran from major cities surrounding the Park on summer Sundays and Bank Holidays from late May to the end of September. The buses arrived in Brecon at about 11:00am and then passengers chose from a number of routes to visit different areas in the Park or spend the day in Brecon. The bus from Cardiff had a bike trailer which allowed people to bring their bikes up to the Brecon Beacons for a days cycling. The buses left Brecon for the return journey at 5:30pm. Around 6,723 passengers used the bus in 2013. Assuming three people in a car, that would be 2,285 fewer cars on the road making the visit much more sustainable! 5 Population Population 2011 33,344 Population by age: 0 - 15 5,444 16 - 64 20,221 65 + 7,679 % Welsh Speakers 13.9% % Economically active 68.7% % Vacant Properties 8.7% Largest town Brecon (8,031) Historical industry Agriculture, coal mining, quarrying, iron works, silica mining, gunpowder works Main present employment: Accommodation & food services 10.0% Retail 13.4% Education, Health & Public Administration 39.1% 6 Problems and opportunities in rural areas Opportunities One of the greatest opportunities of a rural area is in the landscape itself which, as well as being farmland, also provides an ideal setting for tourism. The landscape can provide activities such as sightseeing, walking, fishing, caving, rock climbing and canoeing which then in turn generates custom for services such as cafes and bed and breakfast. Problems One problem is a relatively poor transport system which means people have to use their own vehicles. Large areas with a scattered population can also lead to difficulties in meeting up with other people while a lack of job opportunities can also be a problem. As many rural areas are particularly desirable to live in, some of the housing is being taken up by people for holiday homes. This can weaken the local community as they only live there for a part of the year. 3 key messages The National Park is a very special place – one of Britain’s breathing spaces.