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Use of Neutron Beams for Low and Medium Flux Research Reactors IAEA-TECDOC-836 Use neutronof beamsfor mediumand low flux research reactors: R&D programmes in materials science Report of an Advisory Group meeting held Vienna,in arch-1 M 29 April 1993 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from ClearinghousS I N I e International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100, for e for cheque a th f m th IAEf m o n i o n i r eAo microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the INIS Clearinghouse. The IAEA doe t normallsno y maintain stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from ClearinghousS I N I e International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100, for e fore chequa th f m th IAEf mo n i o n i r eAo microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the INIS Clearinghouse. originatine Th g Sectio f thino s publicatio IAEe th An i was : Physics Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria NEUTROF O MEDIUE D US AN NW M BEAM LO FLU R XSFO RESEARCH REACTORS: R&D PROGRAMME MATERIALSN I S SCIENCE IAEA, VIENNA, 1995 IAEA-TECDOC-836 ISSN 1011-4289 ©IAEA, 1995 Printe IAEe th AustriAn y i d b a October 1995 FOREWORD Research reactors have been playin importann ga developmente rolth n ei scientifif o t c technologicad an l infrastructur traininn i d ean manpowef g o introductioe th r rfo nucleaf no r powe mann ri y countries. Currently operationa4 , ther28 e ear l research reactor worlde th n si , includin 8 researc8 g h reactor 9 developin3 i h s g countries e numbeth ; f reactoro r n i s developing countrie s increasini s s morga e countries embar programmen ko nuclean i s r scienc technologyd ean . However, full utilizatio f thesno e facilitie r fundamentafo s d an l applied research has seldom been achieved. In particular, the utilization of beam ports has been quite low. Neutron beam based researc mose th regardef ths i o importan e on s da t programme areas that can be implemented even at low and medium flux reactors. The range of activities possibl thin ei s widfielo s s dei generallthas i t ti y feasibl definprogrammeo et D eR& suio st t different needs and conditions. It is, therefore, important and of direct benefit to identify effective way improvo st e utilizatio beaf nresearco e mth f tubeo d h sreactorsan thio T .s end, the International Atomic Energy Agency organized two meetings during 1993. First, an Advisory Group Meetin gf Researc o (AGMe Us hn )o Reactor Solir sfo d State Studied san second Technicaa , l Committee Meetin Researcf go (TCMe Us n h)o Reacto r Neutron Beams for Radiograph Materiald yan revieo st Characterizations d wwa an M AG e goae th f Th .o l provide recommendation neutron o s n scattering techniques focuseM , TC whiln o de th e neutron radiography and other simple methods and applications. presene Th t repor Advisorresule e th th f s i to t y Group Meeting held durin 9 Marcg2 h - 1 April 1993 in Vienna with subsequent contributions from the experts. The Physics Section of the Department of Research and Isotopes was responsible for the co-ordination and compilatio reporte th f no . The report is intended to provide guidelines to research reactor owners and operators for promotin developind an g g neutron beam based research programme r solifo s d state studies using neutron scattering techniques expectes i t I . benefio dt t ongoing facilitied an s programme encouraginy sb f unproveo e gus d technique r detectionsfo , signal acquisition, signal processing, etc. and new programmes by assisting in the selection of appropriate equipment, instrument design and research plans. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this publication press,for staff, IAEAofthe have pages madethe up from the original manuscripts submittedas authors.the viewsby The expressed necessarilynot do reflect those governmentsofthe nominatingthe of Member nominating the States of or organizations. Throughout the text names of Member States are retained as they were when the text was compiled. Theof use particular designations countriesof territoriesor does imply judgementnot any by publisher,the legalthe IAEA,to status the as of such countries territories,or of their authoritiesand institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement recommendationor partthe IAEA. ofon the The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate materialuse or from sources already protected copyrights.by CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 7 . FRAMEWOR2 SUSTAINABLR KFO ......................D ER& 7 . 2.1. Importance of neutron scattering techniques .................... 7 2.2. Minimum siz researcf eo h groups ..........................8 . 2.3. Infrastructural facilities ................................8 . 2.4. Essential investment needs ............................... 8 2.5. Reverse mobility of scientists ............................. 9 2.6. Interdisciplinary collaboration ............................. 9 3. FUTURE RESEARCH PROGRAMMES ......................... 9 3.1. Magnetic compounds .................................0 1 . 3.2. Magnetically disordered systems ........................... 10 3.3. Magnetic thin films and superlattices ......................... 11 3.4. Ceramic (high T,.) superconductors .......................... 11 3.5. Texture and residual stress in fabricated materials ................. 12 3.6. Zeolites .........................................2 1 . 3.7. Petrogenic materials ..................................2 1 . 3.8. Minerals, polymer amorphoud san s systems ...................2 1 . 4. METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION ........................ 13 4.1. Overview ........................................3 1 . 4.2. Methods .........................................3 1 . 4.3. Technique instrumentatiod san n details ......................5 1 . 4.4. Data acquisition and control .............................. 24 5. CONCLUSIONS .......................................5 2 . REFERENCES ........................................... 25 ANNEX: PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE ADVISORY GROUP MEETING Fundamenta applied an l d neutro TRIGW k n0 A researc 25 reacto e th t ha r 9 Vienn2 . .. a G. Badurek Use of research reactors for solid state physics studies at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India .................................... 41 K.R. Rao Solid state physics around Pakistan Research Reacto t PINSTECa r H ..........5 5 . N.M. Butt, Bashir,J. NasirM. Khan Framework for a sustainable development of neutron beam work in the smaller research reactors ........................................ 81 Carvalho,G. F. P.M.A. Margaça Basic research in solid state physics using a small research reactor ............ 91 V. Dimic The new Swiss spallation neutron source SINQ and its planned day-one instruments — Statuf sprino s sa g 1993 ..................................7 9 . G.S. Bauer Neutron scattering research with low to medium flux reactors ...............115 J.J. Khyne The ORPHEE versatile low-cost multiprocessor system for data acquisition and contro neutrof o l n spectrometers .............................5 12 . G. Koskas List of Participants ........................................ 143 1. INTRODUCTION Worldwide there are 284 operable nuclear research reactors of which 88 are located in developin0 39 g countries. These research reactor laboratoriee th d san s around them represent a significant research potential and a source of highly qualified and trained manpower not onl activitier yfo s relate nucleao dt r field alst severar sbu o fo l conventional technologiese Th . acquisition of a nuclear research reactor, in a developing country, is generally justified on the basis that it is a necessary tool for: • Fundamental and applied research in various disciplines; • Training of young scientists in nuclear sciences; • Production of radioisotopes; • Supporting activities related to nuclear power including operator training; • Engineering experiments. These objectives have been achieved with different degrees of success in different countries. Among several factors that contribute toward underutilization of these facilities, mose th t obvious ones are: inappropriate research programmes, lac adequatf ko e equipment and laboratories, relatively low neutron fluxes, non-availability of sufficiently trained manpower. In particular, the utilization of neutron beam ports remains very low. This is in spite of the fact that neutron beam based research is one of the most important programme areas e implementedwhicb n hca mediud an , w mevelo t fluna x reactors e rangTh .f o e activities possibl thin ei s wido ares generas n aei i thas i t i t l possibl defino et carrd t ean you programmeD R& suio st t specific need conditionsd san . This report covers various aspects of neutron beam research applicable to materials science specifiet .I s minimal requirements concerning infrastructures, personnel, funding, etc. as these conditions must coexist for a viable research programme over a period of several years
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