WindWind TurbineTurbine TechnologyTechnology && TaiwanTaiwan CurrentCurrent InstallationInstallation

By J. Huang/VTC -06/Oct/2008 Speaker brief introduction 黃宏基 Vestech Taiwan Corp. 總經理 Experiences: 1. Representing since 1990 2. Project experiences: - 台朔(FHI) : 麥寮風力示範系統 - 2001 - 正隆(CLC): 春風風力示範系統 - 2002 - 台電(TPC): 金山石門風力電場 -2004 - 台電(TPC): 彰工(II)風力電場 - 2006 - 台電(TPC): 麥寮風力電場 - 2007 ～2008 - 台電(TPC): 四湖&林口風力電場 - 2008 ～2009 - 台電(TPC): 彰工(II)大潭&金門風力電場 - 2008 ～2009 學歷: 東吳大學物理系1977畢業 Modern Technology Vestas Wind Turbine Development Construction of V80-2.0 MW turbine

Nacelle Rotor 61 t 34 t

Transformer Hub Generator Gearbox Tower 60 m/140 t 67 m/158 t 78 m/203 t (IEC IA weights) Technical layout 1. Hub controller Vestas V80-2MW 2. Pitch cylinder 3. Blade hub 4. Main shaft 5. Oil cooler 6. Gearbox 7. Parking brake 8. Service crane 9. VMP-Top controller with converter 10. Ultra-sonic sensors 11. Transformer 12. Blade 13. Blade bearing 14. Rotor lock system 15. Hydraulic unit 16. Machine foundation 17. Yaw gears 18. Composite disc coupling 19. OptiSpeed™-generator 20. Generator cooler Vestas V90-3MW Design criteria for Vestas V80-2MW

V80, 2.0 MW Wind class: IEC Ia v 10 min. avg. < 10. m/s v 10 min. ext. < 50 m/s v 3 sec. survival < 70 m/s Turbulence intensity of 18 % Climate versions Standard -20º C to +30º C High Temp. -20º C to +40º C Offshore Package Hub heights 60 m, 67 m, and 78 m 台電台中港區Zephyros-2MW風機不敵薔蜜颱風瞬間陣風 倒塌 (註: Zephyros已由日本Harakosan購併)（陳世宗攝）

VCS Variable speed control system OptiSpeed

Variable speed system OptiSpeed: • Vestas Converter System (VCS) is the standard pitch variable speed system where the energy from the rotor is send through the converter and used. • Variable speed (dynamic slip range) • Active + reactive power control

AC, f = constant, Main circuit breaker n = semi - variabel

Gearbox Brake

Asynchronous Generator side grid side generator converter converter with slip rings Line coupling transformer Medium voltage Switch gear

Rotor bearing Pitch drive

Converter control

Windturbine control

Rotor • Accumulators rotate blades safely to the stop position - in case of complete loss of grid or critical turbine fault • The OptiTip© ensures that the blades are always in the optimal position. • A sealed fibreglass spinner protects the hub • Service is done from within the hub. Blades, V80

• The 39 m. blade is supplied by Vestas own blade factories. • The blade materials is epoxy, and glass fibre, and thereby using experiences made in the earlier blades in Vestas product portfolio • Lightning protection receptors and with down- conductors within blade design Hub, V80

 Cast iron from Vestas owned foundry (windcast)

 The hub is machined by Vestas own factory in Lem, Denmark.

 Hydraulic power unit from PMC techniques. Brake system on V80

• Aerodynamic brake: – Full blade pitch – Each blade can independently turn into braking position – One blade in braking position is sufficient to stop the turbine • Mechanical brake: – Hydraulic disc brake on high speed shaft of main gear, this is only used as parking brake. Drive train

Main shaft • Main shaft is forged, hollow trumpet shaft. • All operating loads are transmitted to base frame and tower Gearbox, V80

The main gear transmits torque and revolutions from the rotor to the generator. The main gear consists of a planetary gearbox combined with a two stage parallel gearbox, and a toothed coupling transmitting the torque from the planetary stage to the two stage parallel gearbox. Two torque arms are supporting the gearbox, and vibrations and dampers, situated between the torque arms and the main frame, absorb oscillations. Finally torque is transmitted from the high-speed shaft to the generator via a flexible composite coupling, located right after the disc brake. The disc brake is mounted directly on the high speed shaft. Generator

 Asynchronous with wound rotor, slip rings and VCS  The generator is an air-cooled fully enclosed generator  Designed and built specifically for wind turbine applications

Generator

Function: Keeps the in position on top of the tower. Enables the nacelle to rotate on the tower. The yaw bearing system acts as a slide bearing between nacelle and tower. The system transmits the forces from the turbine to the tower. Principle: PETP slide plates on the machine foundation are sliding on a large yaw ring. Cast claws also with integrated spring loaded PETP friction and slide discs secure the nacelle to the tower. Tower

 Platforms, ladders and safety harnesses designed according to relevant standards

 Safe working environment for service personal

 Liquid tower damper

 Sand filled chamber for structural noise damping Controller • Supervision / control: • Active power • Reactive power • Yawing • Hydraulic • Environment (Wind, temperature) • Rotation • Generator • Pitch system • Grid • Remote monitoring, possible of connection of serial communication • Information • Operating data • Production • Operation log • Alarm log  Current WTG Installation In Taiwan

 Vestas Market Share – Worldwide

 Vestas Market Share - Taiwan Current WTG 19 8 2.1, 2.2 1. Xin-shen金山 Installation in Taiwan 2.1,2.2. Tao-Yuan Datan(I), 4 3 11.1 1 Guan-yen 3. Hsin-chu竹北 11.2 桃園大谭 13.3 4. Xianshan 5 , 觀音 20 6 5. Taichung新竹香山 6. Chang-Kong(I)彰工 7. Yunlin Mai-liao(I)台中港 雲林麥寮 13.1 .台中電廠 16.1, 16.2 8. Lin-Kou林口 17 9. Suhu四湖 14 7 10. Peng-Hu 11.1 South Hsin-chu 澎湖 13.2 11.2 Ho-Long 12. Chang-Kong彰工(I) 13.1 Chang-Kong苗栗後龍彰工竹南(II) 10 13.2 Mai-liao(II)麥寮 9 13.3 Kin-men (II) 金門 14. Mai-liao 麥寮 15 15. Da-eng 12 16.1, 16.2大安 Changhwa Wangkong (I), (II)彰化王功 17.Changhwa Yungshing彰化永興 18. Peng-Dong Chechen屏東車城 19. Tao-Yuan Luju 桃園蘆竹 20. Offshore projects彰化王宮外海 18 Asia Pacific Share of World Market – Installed MW

Global Installation (2005) = 11407MW Global Installation (2006) = 15197MW

ASP Region, ASP 2320, Region, 20.34% 3791, 24.95%

Rest of the Rest of the world, world, 11406, 9087, 75.05% 79.66%

Source: Emerging Energy Research, December 2006

Asia Pacific Share in the global wind markets is consistently increasing Market Share 2006 (mw) - Worldwide

Others 21.1%

Suzlon 33.7% 3.6%

GE Wind 13.0%

Enercon 14.8% Gamesa 13.8% Vestas leads Installed Vestas turbines by model by June 30th 2006

Number Model Capacity (MW) 26.033 Other 13.558 1.816 V52-850 kW 1.544 625 V80-1.8 MW 1.125 1.578 V80-2.0 MW 3.156 203 V82-1.5 MW 305 730 V82-1.65 MW 1.205 382 V90-2.0 MW 764 202 V90-3.0 MW 606 31,569 22,263 WTG Market Share in Taiwan 10.40% 2.84% 8.16% Harakosan Game sa (前 GE Zephyros)

41.17% Ve s tas 37.43% Vestas Sales Record - Taiwan

1. Linkuo (6 x V80-2MW) 7. Nuclear #1 2. TLPM (2xV66- (6xV47-660KW) 1.75MW) 8. Changkong (II) 3. Changkong (23xV80- (8 x V80-2MW) 2Mw) 9. Mai-Liao (II) 4. Suhu (14 x V80-2MW) (8 x V80-2MW) 5. Mai-Liao (15 x V80- 2MW) 10. Kinmen 6. FHI-Mia Liao (4xV47- (2 x V80-MW) 660kw)

Site of 8,9&10: Under construction Site of 1,2,3,4,5,6 &7: Completed Vestas台灣裝機實績

台朔麥寮案 正隆春風電力 台電核一廠 V47-660KW V66-1.75MW V47-660KW 4 座 2座 6 座 TPC Chang-Kong Vestas V80-2MW (67 m tower)

TPC Lun-Wei Site TPC Shen-Shi Site Vestas 裝機中案件

• 台電: 麥寮風力電場 - 2007 ～2008 V80-2MW x 15 sets • 台電: 四湖&林口風力電場 - 2008 ～2009 V80-2MW x 20 sets • 台電: 彰工(II)大潭&金門風力電場 - 2008 ～2009 V80-2MW x 18 sets Wind Turbine Erection (Onshore-岸上風力發電廠)

1.Erection preparation 2.Erection tools. 3.Erection procedure.. Erection preparation

1. Soil exchange. 2. Crane setup. 3. Tools preparation. 4. Power generator (240/690V). 5. Survey for the surface of tower foundation (level flatness: not >2mm). Erection tools 1. Impact Gun. 2. Hydraulic pump & wrench. 3. Sikaflex. ( Tower and nose cone) 4. Hand tools. Erection procedure

1. Switchgear / bottom controller 2. Bottom section of tower 3. Service lift 4. Meddle section of tower 5. Nacelle preparation 6. Top section of tower and nacelle 7. Rotor assembly 8. Rotor erection 9. 100% tighten all the bolts 10.Cabling 11.Punch list before commissioning 12.Start up procedure Switchgear / Bottom controller / Service lift Switchgear Bottom controller

Service lift installation Bottom tower

1. Turn bottom tower vertical by two cranes 2. Pay attention to the wire, never twist. Middle Tower Section Eerection Nacelle preparation

Ultrasonic wind sensor installed

Customer logo

Cabling Inside Nacelle

Aviation light installed Top section and Nacelle erection Rotor assembly

Install blade bolts

Insert blades and tighten bolts

Install lifting device Rotor Erection Cabling Punch list and Start up procedure Erection finished

Automatic check

Punch list

Default process

Power on site

Start up procedure 1. 世界風能發電現況&未來發展 離岸風力發電 Project Execution for Offshore wind farm Project Preparation (Design basis)

Soil Conditions • mechanical properties of soil • and their range of stratum

Metocean Data • wave distribution •wave rose • current • current rose • tidal range • water depths •storm surge Wind Climate • marine growth • wind distribution •ice •wind rose • extreme wave • turbulence • extreme current •wind shear •extreme wind Project Preparation Planning: Interfaces:

 Risk Register  Transformer station/Onshore

 Living Cables document  Onshore Cables / Offshore

 Identify Cables possible risks  Offshore Cables / Foundation

 Mitigate  Offshore Cables / Turbine

 Price Installation

 Project Plans  Foundation / Turbine Installation  Project Execution  Offshore Cables / Connection to Plan Switch gear   Method Turbine Installation / Statements Energization   QA Plan And many more

 HSE Plan Foundations Foundation Design pre-sale: Foundations: Choose concept

3 basic types: monopile, tripod, gravity based Foundation Offshore Installation (Foundations):

 One way of transporting the fundation piles and transition pieces to site Foundation Offshore Installation (Foundations):

 Pile and transition pieces stored on board the vessel Foundation

Offshore Installation (Foundations):

 Pile hammered into the seabed.

 Installation time app. 2 to 4 hours Foundation

Offshore Installation (Foundations):

 In hard soil conditions is a hammer/drill method the preferred pile installation method. Foundation Offshore Installation (Foundations):

Scour Protection (rock dumping)

 Before pile installation

 After pile installation Working hours Installation: Offshore Installation (Foundations):

24/7 operations. Electrical parts Offshore Wind Farm Electrical parts

 Grid Connection Point

 Grid requirements

 Onshore or Offshore Substation(s)

Offshore Wind Park - Grid layout of the park  Switchgears and - OWEZ 36 x V90-3.0MW transformer in WTG Offshore Wind Farm Electrical parts

Grid Connection Point

 Onshore or Offshore Substation

 On the HV side (161 kV) or on MV side (33 kV) Offshore Wind Farm Electrical parts

Grid requirements  Voltage variations  Frequency variations  Reactive power capability  Flicker emission from WTG  Voltage control  Frequency response  Fault Ride Through Offshore Wind Farm Electrical parts Onshore or Offshore Substation(s)  No. of Substations  Transformer type, one or two step up transformers  HV Switchgears types  Earthing system  Electrical equipments as SVC, Statcom system or alike  No of strings – max 10 WTGs per string Offshore Wind Farm Electrical parts Marking and Identification Country specific requirements  Foundation in RAL 1023  Marine Lantern system  Foghorn system  Aviation/obstruction lights  Radar reflectors  Numbers Offshore Wind Farm Components – Transformer Platform

 Foundation

 Often similar to turbine foundations

 Specially designed secondary structures

 Installation as for turbine foundations

 Topside

 One unit or modulised

 Weight – topside

 - for Offshore Wind Park Q7 - 120 MW- 500 tons Installation Wind Turbines Grid

Offshore Wind Park OWEZ 36 x V90-3.0MW Grid Grid Offshore Wind Farm in Taiwan

 Potential  Wind resource in Taiwan: Very Good  Taiwan Market potential up to 2,000MW  Risks  Offshore wind farm erection is very risky and the erection and operation costs could be under-estimated due to very limited experiences.  Government Policy needed  PPA (Power Purchase Price) must be increased to a reasonable level.  Employ experienced international consultants and engineering companies to work with local companies to avoid improper government policy, study and basic design. End of Presentation

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