MS Thesis Masters of Science (Computer Science)

Model of Based

Tahir Iqbal Roll No: 135 MSCS Weekend

Advisor: Dr Dost Muhammad Khan

12 July, 2016

Department of Computer Science & Information Technology The Islamia University of Bahawaplur

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Abstract

The Linux kernel, since its beginning in 1991, has captured the interest of the many thousands of developers and voluminous users. It is conjointly at Associate in development more and speedier pace, undergoing several changes each single day. So the kernel’s importance to several massive companies has sparked a high level of contribution by those corporations [1] [2], as well as the utilization of the many core kernel developers. In a current age Operating Systems are taking too much computing as well as memory resources and are being fully installed in client side. This leads to consumption of too much memory and computing resources and vulnerability of pirated version of different operating systems. In our research, we are going to introduce a new concept of operating system that will use a Linux kernel for system hardware management. This kernel will work with Operating Shell that will be downloaded from cloud of any host of operating system. This operating system works with security firewall and browsing shell to interact with bunch of applications on cloud. As the result of this research leads to client computers hardware with very less computing resources and secondary memory.

Keywords: Linux, Kernel, Cloud Computing, Operating System. Memory Consumption, Security Fire Wall, Browsing Shell,

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Research Methodology

In this research we will use a base edge approach also known bottom up approach. In this we will first provide the brief study of Operating System and its Component. Where the use of literature is considered and the merits of primary research are debated and brief is given on the use of existing research data. This is carried out for that, we wish to understand meanings, look at, explain and recognize practice, judgment, viewpoint and principles, intangibles in existing research. We will also discuss the Linux Kernel working and its management of hardware. This research will also include the concept of Security firewall, its uses and importance. After this we will conclude the Cloud base Operating System. That will lead us to a new concept of computing with very less resources of computing and secondary memory.

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...... 4 ABSTRACT ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. KEYWORDS ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. RESEARCH METHADOLOGY ...... 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 12 Introduction to Operating System and Various Types ...... 12 What is Operating System ...... 12 Mobile Cloud Computing Services ...... 12 Transsos ...... 13 Hipcloud ...... 13 Mirage OS ...... 13 Ospreys ...... 13 Megaha OS ...... 13 Vstare Cloude ...... 13 Jeos OS...... 13 XOS ...... 14 Midory Microkernel Architecture ...... 14 Glide OS ...... 14 Amoeba Rhizopodan OS ...... 14 My Goya ...... 14 Zimdesk OS ...... 14 Ghost OS ...... 15 Eyeos Net OS ...... 15 ICloud ...... 15 OSV ...... 15 Guest OS ...... 16 Lucid Destop ...... 16 Slap OS...... 16 Joli Cloud ...... 16 Start Force ...... 16 Zero PC ...... 16

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Corneli OS ...... 16 Get Easy OS ...... 17 OSW3 ...... 17 Macin Cloud ...... 17 Kohive ...... 17 The Places ...... 17 Ispaces OS ...... 17 Solairs OS ...... 17 Silve OS ...... 17

CHAPTER 2 COMPNENT-BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR THE GENERAL-PURPOSE OPERATING SYSTEM ...... 18 Complexity of OS ...... 19

Benefits of component-based OS ...... 19

Architecture Style ...... 19

Encapsulation of concerns ...... 20

Design and Implementation Re-usability ...... 20

Obstacles involving elements in OSes ...... 21

Component model with Nanokernel ...... 22

Nanokernely ...... 22

CAL ...... 23

Components ...... 23

Component Framework ...... 24

Uniform Perspective ...... 24

Open-endedness ...... 24

Success Metrics ...... 25

CHAPTER 3 MULTIKERNEL DESIGN ...... 26 Hardware Diversity ...... 27

Interconnect Latency Matters ...... 28

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Remote Procedure decision Vs Shared Memory ...... 30

Cache Coherence Protocol Measurability ...... 33

DISCUSSION ...... 33

BACKGROUDN ...... 34

EVALUATION PLATFORMS ...... 36

X86-BASED SYSTEMS ...... 36

INTEL SINGLE-CHIP CLOUD PC ...... 38

THE MULTIKERNEL DESIGN ...... 38

EXPLICIT INTER-CORE COMMUNICATION ...... 40

HARDWARE-NETURAL OS STRUCTURE ...... 42

STATE REPLICATION ...... 42

SYSTEM STRUCTURE ...... 45

CPU DRIVERS ...... 47 CHAPTER 4 LINUX KERNEL DEVELOPMENT ...... 49 BUILDING A KERNEL ...... 50 Maintaining a ASCII text file tree ...... 50 Use of distcc ...... 51 Alternative Resources...... 51 Final Code ...... 56 Testing and Debugging ...... 53 Networking Testing ...... 54 CHAPTER 5 MODEL OF CLOUD BASED OPERATING SYSTEM ...... 55 SYSTEM LOADER ...... 56 Network Connecter ...... 56 Physical Network Interfaces ...... 56 Virtual Networking Interfaces ...... 57 Types of Virtual Network Interfaces ...... 57 Aliases ...... 57 VLANs ...... 57 Bridgeds ...... 57 Tunnel Interfaces...... 58 Link Parser ...... 58 Validation Parser ...... 59 Logical Parser...... 59

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Connection Hubs ...... 59 Linux Kernels ...... 59 User Mod ...... 60 System Mod ...... 60 Process Management ...... 61 Volatile Memory Management ...... 61 User Mod ...... 61 UserVirtual Addresses ...... 62 Physical Addresses ...... 62 Bus Addresses ...... 62 Kernel Logical Addresses ...... 63 Kernel Virtual Addresses ...... 63 File Management ...... 63 Root Directory...... 64 User Binaries ...... 64 System Binaries ...... 64 Configuration File ...... 64 Device FIlest ...... 64 Process Information ...... 64 Variable Files ...... 64 Temporary FIles ...... 65 User Programs ...... 65 Home Directory ...... 65 Boot Loader Files ...... 65 System Libraries ...... 65 Add-on Application ...... 65 Temporary FIles ...... 65 Mount Directory ...... 65 Removable Media Devices ...... 65 Service Data ...... 65 Block Devices ...... 66 Working of Block Devices ...... 66 Readable Devices ...... 66 Readable/Writeable Devices ...... 66 Character Devices ...... 66 Network Devices ...... 67 Non-Volatile Storage Management ...... 67 Contiguous Application ...... 67 10 | P a g e

Linked Structure ...... 67 Indexed Structure ...... 68 Protection System ...... 68 Smack ...... 68 Tomoyo ...... 68 Yama ...... 68 Grsecurity ...... 68 Operating Shell ...... 69 Hardware Manager ...... 69 Hardware Identifier ...... 69 Communication Manager...... 70 Process Manager ...... 70 Process Identifier ...... 70 Process Intermediator ...... 70 Security Firewall ...... 70 Packet Filtering...... 71 Application Gateway ...... 71 Logging and Detection of suspicious Activity ...... 71 Browsing Shell ...... 71 User Interface ...... 72 Browser Engine ...... 72 Rendering Engine ...... 72 Networking ...... 73 Script Interpreter ...... 73 User Interface Backend ...... 73 Data Bas...... 73 The Whole Working Of Cloud Base Operating System ...... 74 CONCLUSION ...... 75 FUTURE WORK ...... 76 REFERENCES ...... 77

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Chapter 1

Introduction to Operating System and Various Types

What is Operating System?

[4] A software package OS is that the software system part of a Computer System that's to responsible for the management and coordination of activities and therefore the sharing of the resources of the pc. The OS acts as a bunch for application programs that's area unit run on the machine. As a host, one amongst the needs of associate degree OS is to handle the main points of the operation of the hardware. This relieves application programs from having to accomplish these tasks and makes it easier to run applications. Most computers use associate degree OS of some kind.

[3] OSs supply variety of services to applications software and users. Software Applications get these services through intermediate application programming interfaces (APIs) or system calls. By exploitation these interfaces, the appliance will request a service from the OS, pass arguments, and gets the results of the operations being run. Users can also act with the OS by writing commands or employing a graphical computer programme (GUI).

There are varieties of Operating System available in computing environment.

[9] Mobile Cloud Computing Services

It is a long time perception that hopes at consuming some techniques in cloud computing for the privilege and storage of data on Smartphones

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The android OS is Linux-based and has the good thing about getting used on varied smartphones .The plainness of the android OS can aid user expertise that may produce future chance to urge into different Segments the writers argue that the openness of AN OS can't be created at the cost of the system’s security. The maximum amount because the authors see the plainness of the android OS as being a risk to its security

TRANSOS:

Architecture OS that gets their technologies up and running, whether or not that's the Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac, Linux, Chrome, operative systems appear firmly fixed within the computer and their files, papers, media, sounds and pictures, sit deep among the disc drive.

HPCLOUD:

[5]HPCLOUD modify your knowledge centre by pooling server, memory, and networking resources along with Accelerate cloud invention with the world's initial software-defined server that brings breakthrough potency and scale easy-to-use HPC resources designed on ascendible platform carrying peak performance in a straightforward to use self-service model

MIRAGE OS: Framework is totally event driven GUI. It will produce application like chemical sensors in your icebox one click for share your knowledge with different device

[6] OSPREY: within the mid-term future. It has a tendency to conceive to port OSPREY to PowerPC, ARM, and probably MIPS, and to supply a UNIX system compatibility layer, it has a tendency to adopt the multi kernel style in OSPREY by partitioning most of the kernel state, running a freelance hardware on every core, and victimization message.

[6][7] MEGAHA OS: Megha OS is split into 3 components. One is cloud platforms (CP), second is cloud services (CS) and third one is cloud storage (CSt). For the users cloud platform is provided by Megha OS

[6][7] VSTARE CLOUD: vStare cloud design principally composed of 2 components, terminal package and a cloud package. Ancient package isn't spare for supporting network computing surroundings.

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JEOS OS: only enough package (JeOS), and different UNIX system designer, Linux's open supply licensing conjointly makes it a natural acceptable developers that wish to distribute their package as an appliance without concern regarding OS licensing prices and constrictions.

[6][7] XOS: Xtreem Os Linux , For smartphone, XtreemOS provides theXtreemOS-MD flavour with VO support and specially-tailored, light-weight services for application execution, XtreemOS services ought to be designed to measure with the amount of objects and their physical distribution.

[8] MIDORY Microkernel Architecture: These mechanisms enclosed low level address ,only package performing at the most level Midori handles all the newest net technologies like HTML5 and CSS3 GUI based mostly launch by Microsoft Corporation in twenty November 1985.Software-isolated processes.

GLIDE OS: The Glide OS provides automatic file and software compatibility among different devices and in operation systems. With Glide OS you furthermore might get the Glide adjust App that helps you to synchronize your home and work files. Glide OS 4.0 could be a comprehensive Ad Free cloud computing resolution.30 GB storage capability

AMOEBA Rhizopodan OS is a complex on-line bundle. Log in to your permitted account and be a part of a cloud computing revolution that starts with nice apps like Shutter Borg, Extreme and Surf.

MyGOYA could be a free on-line package. Your own personal desktop will be accessed from any computer within the world and includes e-mail, chat, file sharing, calendar and a second courier. Manage your contacts from anyplace within the world.

ZimdeskOS is your PC on the web the whole practicality of a computer that is on internet. There’s zero to put in. An online browser and internet affiliation area unit all you wish to access your desktop, files & applications. you'll be able to access your knowledge anytime from anyplace, from any computer.

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GHOST OS could be a virtual laptop, leading company within the cloud computing business that offers people and businesses file storage and apps within the cloud to alter secure personal computing from any device; will transfer knowledge of any sort to your cloud storage from any device; will edit documents and photos directly on-line at intervals Ghost portal. It also offers full mobile support; will browse your file and folders from your cellular device rather like a USB flash drive.

EYEOS Net OS is named EYEOS that is extremely kind of like our model in term of providing file management and applications tools, but EYEOS cannot extremely custom and doesn’t conjointly supply interaction with social media applications such in our model, one in all these product is that the cloud resolution, that links any file on the user computer be saving them during a folder to be synchronous with the dropbox service.

The Cloud OS incorporates a net Desktop, that could be a nice GUI that's capable to contain multiple windows and permit users to create their traditional cloud working with friendly working area in use credentials to login to the cloud OS System throw any application on a computer, mac,or maybe good phones. A user-friendly desktop can then seems to the user with all the services and applications allowed to him supported his role. the Cloud OS could be a set of distributed processes whose purpose is that the management of Cloud resources

ICLOUD Apple conjointly has another cloud resolution referred to as Icloud. Icloud isn't a full OS for the apple user but, it permit the users to synchronize their files and media with the apple server and with the opposite apple devices. It conjointly pack-up most of the client files and setting to the Apple cloud server

OSV a model system, named Trust OSV, which might host multiple trustworthy isolated computing environments on multi-core x86 hardware. the ultimate analysis shows that TrustOSV will offer increased security guarantees to the exposed VMs at modest value. During this paper, we have a tendency to 1st build AN analysis of the potential threats to a trade goods hypervisor, and so propose design to make a lot of trustworthy capital punishment surroundings for cloud.

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GUEST OS a cloud supplier unremarkably uses virtual machine monitors to multiplex hardware resources, do server consolidation, etc. Hence, unremarkably running virtual machine monitor ought to with success support the implementation of OS that is called as GP (GUEST PACKAGE), Guest OS. Guest OS expressly run on pre allotted cores and RAMs and forcing the Guest OS to use network package rather than emulated I/O device

Lucid Desktop is a primary net desktop that provides this technology. Lucid comes with countless Applications. That we will browse photos, hear music, and edit documents. It conjointly comes with AN RSS feed reader, some games, a calculator, and a bash-like terminal application. You’ll be able to install extra third-party applications.

SLAPOS Its design consists of 2 elements SLAPOS master and SLAPOS nodes. These nodes area unit sometimes put in reception or within knowledge centres and that they are to build for run.

JOLICLOUD in 2009 jolicloud was created currently it's version jolios one.2 during a sell could be a free package designed work with cloud from connect the pc along. These days jolicloud OS offer as dropbox ,chromebook. based by Tariq Krim and RomainHuet .

STARTFORCE A cloud OS in start force we will run Windows apps like MS workplace, Adobe jock and QuickBooks, and collaborate in net based mostly software like sew in web software like Google or any organization computer network net apps.

ZEROPC it's a contemporary OS for cloud launched in two011 currently it's 2.0 (Second Version ) is in smartphone and computer running on AWS platform, will offer access to thousands of user from one user, Its file browser provides some way to manage photos, videos, etc. GUI element Zeropc interface

CORNELI OS the Corneli OS net OS is AN easy-to-use, multiuser and cross-browser “ Environment”, “Web Office” and originates with a group of cool software’s like dropbox.

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GETEASYPEASY OS GetEasyPeasy is intended for the cloud. It’s designed with WLAN and wireless drivers that alter you to simply connect your to the net and revel in web applications straight from the desktop. Victimization AN open supply netbook OS mustn't be restricted to open supply applications. EasyPeasy’s attribute is openness and freedom of selection, and provides you with choices from the most effective of each worlds.

OSW3 is outlined as Linux-based package supported the cloud computing, OSW3 on-line applications designed on Web3.0 with and that they don't use native hardware and package. CHROME OS is predicated on UNIX system kernel ability to run robot application. Package is depend on open supply. Chrome OS can access remote application it's consumer based mostly package. The chrome OS are going to be focused below the net browser.

MACIN CLOUD could be a remote raincoat rental service. Users will access it through net .We can develop apps and run raincoat programs. we will remotely read and management the machine cloud. We have a tendency to permit cloud based mostly storage program like drop- and box etc.

KOHIVE its on-line desktop OS that we will simply operate that Support GUI interface cloud base OS.

THE PLACES A OS could be a cloud package that provides facilities to feature net apps like file manager, email user, radio and calendar. User will access it through net.

ISPACES OS could be a multi desktop cloud laptop. It runs on commonplace compliant browsers and support all major package. It will access through net. Ispaces run on any windows.

SOLARIS OS is that the 1st cloud OS developed by oracle. Oracle Solaris brings along mission essential OS competences with cloud technologies to deliver mission essential cloud infrastructure.

SILVE OS could be a cloud OS designed on Silverlight, we will run it in any browser with Silverlight put in. it’s like window interface.

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Conclusion:

In conclusion of this system we will introduce of new concept cloud base operating system. In which operating system will be loaded from the cloud and many of other application will be handled in cloud. Different organization will host different operating system based on Linux kernel with different flavour for client side operation. With this operating system we only need a high speed internet computer with very less computing resources on client side. This will ensure to reduce the vulnerability of pirated operating system use now days. In our research the presented operating system architecture will be open source and different company/organization can change its infrastructure according to their will or user demand.

In this architecture only a system loader will be install in a computer. This system loader will be capable of managing the network interface and communicate to the host to load operating system from cloud.

The Linux kernel will be downloaded from cloud. This Linux kernel is used to manage all the operation with respect to hardware availability and its management. The Linux kernels actually manage the hardware and control the computing resources with I/O operations.

The operating shell that is also major component of cloud base operating system will work as intermediate layer between the system software application and user software application. It will filtrate/categories each process with respect to utilization of resources just like I/O bound process, CPU bound process.

The firewall is use to secure our operating system by any vulnerability of any spam or virus attack from network interface. This will ensure the secure communication between different machines or cloud and host.

The browsing shell is the main interactive component of cloud base operating system. All the user application software will be executed and view in this browsing shell. This browsing shell will have a multiple panel in which multiple applications can be run in a same time. The browsing shell will also include a data base to store temporary data of running application/software.

With this operating system user can get different application resources from different cloud hosted resources. It will open new market for different application developer to introduce their cloud base resources and their application that can be accessible in a browsing shell and user can use its benefit.

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Future Work:

In future work, I will introduce the working of Linux kernel with respect to process management, I/O management and other components. I will also introduce the system loader application which can directly access system hardware with the help of BIOS and can communicate directly with network interface. This system loader will capable to download fully cloud base operating from host to cloud and executes its installation in both attended and unattended mechanism.

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