1 Xaliimo Ismaaciil Ibraahim

ciidamada gumeysiga Talyaaniga islamarkaasna ka hortagay iskuday boqortooyada Itoobiya ku doonaynaysay inay ku qabsato xuduudka Soomaaliya ee gobolka Hiiraan.

Waxa ay 1967-1968 waxbarashada dugsiga dhexe ku qaadatay dugsiga Media Centrale (Mardambe ayaa magaca laga badelay oo loo bixiyay dugsiga Bartamaha). Waxa ay ka qalinjabisay dugsiga saree e Raage Ugaas sanadkii 1967.

Xaliimo waxa ay shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacada ku qaadatay cilmiga beeraha iyada oo ka qalinjebisay Jaamacada Ummadda Soomaaliyeed Horudhac sanadkii 1981dii. Waxa ay kadib heshay deeq Xaliimo Ismaaciil Ibraahim (English: Halima Ismail waxbarasho oo dalka Talyaaniga ah, waxa Ibrahim) oo ku magac dheer “Xaliimo Yareey” ayna jaamacada shahaadada heerka labaad ee waa Guddoomiyaha Guddiga madaxa bannaan jaamacada (Master’s degree) ee cilmiga dhaqaalaha ee doorashooyinka qaran. Waa gabadhii ugu iyo beeraha ka qaadatay jaamacada Turino sanadkii horreysay ee xilkaas qabata taariikhda Soomaaliya. 1983dii. Horay waxa ay u aheyd guddoomiyaha guddiga farsamada ee dhismaha maamul goboleedka Xirfad shaqo Galmudug, iyada oo sidoo kale noqotay La- Waxa ay Xaliimo Soomaaliya dib ugu soo guddoomiyaha guddiga farsamada ee xulitaanka noqotay isla sanadka 1983dii kadib markii ay soo baarlamaanka federaalka ah doorashadii 2012ka. dhamaysatay waxbarashada ay dalka Talyaaniga u joogtay. Shaqadeedii ugu horreysay waxa ay ka Waxa hooyo dhashay saddex carruur ah oo bilowday Jaamacada Ummada oo ay ka noqotay saygeeda Injineer Cabdulaahi Ismaaciil Cashuur kaaliye bare (assistant lecture). Saddex sano lagu dilay magaalada Muqdisho 18ka Nofeembar, kadib ayay noqotay bare buuxa oo jaamacada 2014kii. Cashuur wuxuu la shaqeeyay wasaarada ka tirsan iyada oo dhigi jirtay cilmiga beeraha iyo arrimaha gudaha iyo maamulka gobolka Banaadir, dhaqaalaha. Waxa ay shaqadaas haysay ilaa iyo wuxuuna kaalin weyn ku lahaa dhismaha jidadka jaamacada ka xirantay 1991 markaas oo dowladdii iyo bulaacadaha magaalada Muqdisho. keliteliska ahayd ee Maxamed Siyaad Barre la riday. Inta ay jaamacada ka shaqeynaysay Xaliimo Bilowgii nolosheeda waxa ay qabatay shaqooyin dhowr ah oo Xaliimo Ismaaciil waxa ay 23kii Diseembar 1956dii mutadawacnimo ah. Shaqooyinkaas waxaa ka ku dhalatay magaalada Muqdisho, gaar ahaan mid ah mashruucii weynaa ee bacaad-celinta isbitaalka hooyada iyo dhallaanka ee Martiini ee Shalaanbood ee gobolka Shabeelada Hoose, uu dhisay gumeystihii Talyaaniga 1912kii. Waxa ay kaas oo ku guuleystay inuu joojiyo bacaadkii ku ku barbaartay xaafada isku-raranka ee degmada sii durkayey waddooyinka isku xira Muqdisho iyo Xamaweyne. Waxa ay ku kortay guriga abtigeed jubbooyinka. Waxa ay Xaliimo sidoo kale ka mid oo shaqaale ka ahaa wasaarada caafimaadka ee ahayd dhallinyaradii ka qeyb-qaadatay olalaha Soomaaliya maadaama hooyadeed iyo aabbeheed barashada afsoomaaliga ee loo diray dhulka miyiga ay kala tageen iyada oo uurka lagu sido. ah si ay dadka reer guuraaga ah usoo baraan qoraalka afsoomaaliga oo la hirgeliyay 1973dii. Waxbarashada Taariikhda haweenkan Soomaaliyeed ee ku daabacan Waxa ay waxbarashada dugsiga hoose ku qaadatay Waxa ay sidoo kale la shaqeysay Waaxda Bulshada buuggan waxaa daraaseeyay oo qoray Nado Yusuf Cumar, qaadatay dugsiga xanaanada oo la dhehi jiray Finta iyo Horumarinta dadka ee xibsigii talada hayay ee Nasriin Maxamed Ibraahim, Fatxi Maxamed Axmed iyo Kuwaataro Maajo Intii u dhaxeysay 1965-1966. Hantiwadaaga Soomaaliyeed. Fadumo Taxadar Yusuf. Waxaa mashruucan maamulay oo Dowladdii Kacaanka ayaa mar dambe dugsigaas tifaftiray Fadumo Taxadar Yusuf. ugu magacdaray Xaaji Barsane. Shiikh Xasan Waxa ay 1992 ka mid noqotay howlwadeennada Xaaji Barsane wuxuu ahaa halgamaa la dagaalay Soomaalida ah ee howlgalka Qaramada Midoobay 3 2 Xildhibaan Naciimo Maxamed Gacal ee Soomaaliya (United Nations Operations in Waxa 2011dii Xaliimo loo doortay inay noqoto Siyaasadda Somalia; UNOSOM). Waxa ay ahayd sarkaalka guddoomiyaha Isbaheysiga Ururada Bulshada Naciimo Gacal waxa ay dalka kusoo noqotay howlgalka ku qaabilsan arrimaha siyaasada. Rayidka oo ujeedka loo dhisay uu ahaa in la dhamaadkii sanadkii 2012ka xilligaas oo uu socday Waxa ay si gaar ah uga shaqeysay arrimaha dib- mideeyo codka iyo awooda, iyo dedaalka ururada olalaha xulista xubnaha baarlamaankaa ee dooran u-heshiisiinta iyo dhismaha goleyaasha heer bulshada ee ku aadan in Soomaaliya ay ka baxdo lahaa madaxweynaha Soomaaliya ee 2012-2016. gobol iyo degmo, howlahaas oo si gaar ah loogu dowladnimada ku-meel-gaarka ah oo ay yeelato Odeyaasha reerkeeda ayaa u ololeeyay inay iyadu dhiirogelinayay islamarkaasna qor loogu qaadayay dowlad joogta oo aan qabyo ahayn. ku fadhiisato kursiga xildhibaannimo ee reerkeeda. kaalinta haweenka ee hoggaaminta siyaasadeed Xaliimo waxa ay 2012kii La-guddoomiye ka noqotay Iyada oo 20 sano jir ah ayay ka mid noqotay iyo talo ku-yeelashada go’aamada maamulka. Guddiga Farsamada ee u xilsaarnaa hubinta iyo baarlamaanka 9aad, waxa ayna noqotay qofka ugu Mudada ay la shaqeynaysay UNOSOM waxa ay isu soo-xulida xubnaha baarlamaanka federaalka ah da’da yar 275 xildhibaan ee xubnaha ka ah Golaha keentay haween Soomaaliyeed oo hoggaamiyeyaal ee dowladda Soomaaliya. Waxa uu guddigaas ku Shacabka. Waxa ay ahayd shaqadii ugu horreysay ah kuwaas oo ka kala yimid gobolada dalka guuleystay dhismaha baarlamaankii ugu horreeyay kadib marka ay soo dhammaysatay waxbarashada oo dhan si ay ugu yeeshaan cod mideysan iyo ee lagu doorto gudaha Soomaaliya wixii ka jaamacada. kaalin xoog leh oo muuqata dedaalada dib-u- dambeeyay markii ay dhacday dowladdii militiriga Horudhac Waxaa markale dib loogu doortay Golaha Shacabka heshiisiinta kooxaha siyaasada. Sidoo kale waxa ay aheyd 1991. Wuxuu baarlamaankaas sees u noqday Naciimo Maxamed Gacal waa xildhibaan ka tirsan ee baarlamaanka federaalka sanadkii 2016kii. Hadda Xaliimo xubin ka ahayd guddiga ka shaqaynayay dhismaha dowlad buuxda oo ay Soomaaliya Golaha Shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah waxa ay xubin ka tahay Guddiga baarlamaanka ee heshiisiinta hoggaamiyeyaasha Cali Mahdi yeelato taas oo heshay aqoonsi caalami ah. Waxaa ee Soomaaliya. Waxa ay ahayd gabadhii ugu da’da arrimaha carabta. Mohamed iyo Janaraal Maxamed Faarax Caydiid dowladaas madaxweyne ka ahaa mudane Xasan yarayd baarlamaankii 9aad ee Muqdisho lagu oo ku dagaalamayay islamarkaasna qad cagaaran Shiikh Maxamuud. doortay sanadkii 2012kii. Waxaa mar labaad dib Abaalmarin kala dhex dhigay magaalada. Xaliimo waxa ay loogu doortay baarlamaanka 10aad dhamaadkii Xildhibaan Naciimo Maxamed Gacal waxa ay isaga tagtay Soomaaliya sanadkii 1996dii markaas Xaliimo iyo koox kale oo haween ah ayaa Juun sanadkii 2016ka. Waa 25 sano jir aan weli guursan. shahaado abaalmarin ah ka heshay dowladda oo ay Qaramada Midoobay joojisay howlgalka 2014kii aasaasay Ururka Hoggaanka Haweenka Waxaa la dhashay afar gabdhood iyo afar wiil. Masar sanadkii 2012kii oo ay ka mid ahayd wafdi UNOSOM, isagana baxday Soomaaliya iyada oo ay Soomaaliyeed (SWLI) oo kala shaqeeya haweenka heer baarlamaan ah oo uu hoggaaminayay dagaaladuna sii kordhayeen. Waxa ay u guurtay Soomaaliyeed iyo hay’adaha caalamiga ah si loo Bilowgii nolosheeda guddoomiyaha Golaha Shacabka Maxamed Shiikh dalka Mareykanka oo ay ku nooleyd ilaa 2007dii. taageero kaalinta haweenka dhanka siyaasadda iyo Xildhibaan Naciimo Gacal waxa ay ku dhalatay Cusmaan Jawaari. Waxa ay wafdiga iyo safarka howlaha kale. degmada Howlwadaag ee gobolka Banaadir Masar ku matalaysay haweenka xildhibaannada Bulshada rayidka/Siyaasad sanadkii 1992dii. Waxa ay dhalatay iyada oo ah ee ku jira baarlamaanka. Waxaa abaalmarinta Xaliimo Ismaaciil waxa ay xubin ka ahayd ururada Xaliimo waxa ay sidoo kale noqotay guddoomiyaha uu socdo dagaalkii u dhaxeeyay Cali Mahdi iyo ku muteysatay shaqada ay u hayso qaranka bulshada rayidka wixii ka dambeeyay markii guddiga farsamada ee shirka maamul u sameynta Maxamed Faarax Caydiid oo loo bixiyay afar Soomaaliyeed iyo da’yaraanteeda. dowladda militariga ay dhacday. Waxa ay ka mid gobolada dhexe. Guddiga ayaa sidoo kale biloodka. Labada hoggaamiye ayaa ku hardamayay ahayd koox haween ah oo ay hoggaamineysay maamulayay soo xulida ergooyinka doortay awooda iyo maamulka magaalada Muqdisho. Waxa Xaliimo Cabdi Caruush oo aasaasay ururka IIDA xildhibaanada Galmudug, iyaga oo sidoo kale ay ka wada tirsanaayeen jabhada la magacbaxday bishii May sanadka 1991. Ururka wuxuu ka maamulay doorashada madaxweynaha iyo Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed (United Somali shaqeeyaa horumarinta danaha iyo xirfadaha madaxweyne xigeenka maamul goboleedkaas. Congress - USC) ee ka mid ka ahaa jabhadaha haweenka Soomaaliyeed, nabadiinta iyo heshiisiinta Baarlamaanka Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya ayaa xukunka ka tuuray dowladdii kelitaliska ahayd ee bulshada, difaacida iyo u doodida xaquuqda 6 Luulyo, 2015ka ansixiyay guddiga madaxa madaxweyne Maxamed Siyaad Barre. Waxa ay ku aadanaha iyo dhiirogelinta ka qeybgalka haweenka banaan ee doorashooyinka qaran oo ka kooban 11 barbaartay isla magaalada Muqdisho si gaar ah ee arrimaha siyaasada, dib u heshiisiinta qaran, dib- xubnood. Guddiga waxaa horey usoo magacaabay degmooyinka Howlwadaag iyo Waaberi. u-dhiska iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha dalka. wasaarada arrimaha gudaha ee dowladda federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya. Isla 25kii Bishaas Waxbarashada Waxa ay 1995 hogaaminaysay koox haweenka ayay xubnaha guddiga u doortay in Xaliimo Xildhibaan Naciimo waxa ay waxbarashada Soomaaliyeed ah ee ka qeybgalay shirwaynihii Ismaaciil Ibraahim noqoto guddoomiyaha guddiga aasaasiga ah ku qaadatay magaalada Muqdisho. Aayaha Haweenka ee dalka Shiinaha. Wixii markaa doorashooyinka qaran. Waxa ay dhamaan waxbarashadeedii dugsiga ka dambeeyay waxa ay u guurtay dalka Mareykanka hoose, dhexe iyo sare ku qaadatay Iskoolka Al- maadaama ay sii kordheen dagaalada iyo colaadaha Waxa uu guddiga u xilsaaran yahay in uu Mathal ee degmada Waaberi ku yaala intii u sokeeye. Waxa ay Soomaaliya dib ugu soo noqotay Soomaaliya gaarsiiyo doorasho qof iyo cod ah dhaxeysay 2001-2009kii. Isla sanadkaas ayay u 2007dii, iyada oo noqotay xiriiriyaha howlaha sanadka 2020ka. Waxaa loo arkaa Xaliimo Ismaaciil safartay dalka Sudan, iyada oo ku biirtay jaamacada ururka IIDA. Waxa ay maamushay mashaariicda inay tahay gabadha ugu awooda badan xilligan Ahfad ee magaalada Khartuum ku taala. Sanadkii IIDA ee dhanka waxbarashada, caafimaadka iyo dhanka siyaasada, waana gabadhii ugu horreysay 2012ka ayay dhammaysay jaamacadaas oo ay ka xaquuqda haweenka ee isla gobolkaas. ee guddoomiye u noqota guddiga. qaadatay shahaadada koowaad (Bachelor’s degree) ee cilmiga caafimaadka bulshada (Public Health). 4 5 3 Baar Siciid Xaaji Faarax Jaamac

Buraan iyada oo sanadkii 1969kii ka baxday hadda xafiiska jooga 13 sano oo doorasho la’aan ah. ay jeceshay inay beeralay iska noqoto marka ay dugsiga Buraan. Kadib waxa uu qoyskeedu u Dastuurka Somaliland ayaa faraya in shantii sano howlgab ka noqoto siyaasada. guuray magaalada Muqdisho halkaas oo ay ku ba mar la doorto madaxweynaha iyo baarlamaanka qaadatay waxbarashada dugsiga sare iyada oo Somaliland. Waxaa hadda la qorsheeyay in Abaalmarin dhammaysay dugsiga sare ee Banaadir sanadkii doorashada baarlamaanka la qabto sanadka Xildhibaan Baar Siciid waxa ay sanadkii 2015kii 1973. Uma suurogelin Baar inay gasho waxbarasho dambe. ku guuleysatay abaalmarinta 100 qof ee ugu jaamacadeed maadaama ay guursatay sanad saameynta badan Somaliland. Waxay abaalmarinta uun kadib markii ay dhammaysay waxbarashada Fadumo Jaamac Illeye ayaa ah gabadha kaliya ee kula guuleysatay madaxweynaha Somaliland dugsiga sare. iyana xubin ka noqotay Golaha Guurtida kadib Axmed Maxamed Maxamuud ‘Siilaanyo’, Xaaji markii ay badeshay seygeeda xildhibaan Maxamed Cabdikariim Xuseen oo ku magacdheer ‘Cabdi Laakiin waxa ay qaadatay tababarro iyo Cismaan Libaaxo oo ku geeriyooday weerar Waraabe’ oo ah qofka ugu da’da weyn Golaha maddooyin gaagaaban oo la xiriira maamulka iyo ismiidaamin oo Al-Shabaab ka geysteen magaalada Guurtida iyo wasiirkii hore ee madaxtooyada maareynta, dhaqaalaha, ganacsiga, siyaasada iyo Hargeysa sanadkii 2008. Afar sano ayay ka mid Somaliland Xirsi Cali Xirsi. nabadgelyadda. ahayd golaha laakiin sanadkii 2013ka ayay iska Horudhac casishay xubinnimada Guurtida iyada oo sababta Baar Siciid Xaaji Faarax Jaamac waa xildhibaanad ka Siyaasad iyo howlaha bulshada ku sheegtay inay ku guuldareystay inay horseedo tirsan Golaha Wakiilada Somaliland. Waa gabadha Kahor inta aysan ku biirin siyaasada, Baar Siciid isbadel macno leh oo dumarka u dan ah iyo golaha keliya ee xubin ka ah golaha sharci dejinta 82 waxa ay ka shaqeysay howlaha gargaarka iyo oo noqday madal ragga u gaar ah. Waxaa badalay xildhibaan. Gabar kama mid ahan, loomana oggola Ururada bulshada rayidka. Waxa ay iyada iyo wiilkeeda oo kan qofka ugu da’da yar Golaha inay xubin ka noqoto Golaha Guurtida Somaliland hablo kale wada aasaaseen ururo maxali ah oo ka Guurtida. oo isna ka kooban 82 xildhibaan. Baar waxa ay shaqeeya arrimaha bulshada iyo wacyigelinta 1993. Taas ayaa ka dhigeysa Baar Siciid codka keli xildhibaanad tahay ilaa 2005tii xilligaas oo la qabtay Waa ay balaariyeen howlahooda iyaga oo ururka ah ee haweenka Somaliland ku dhex leeyihiin doorashadii ugu dambeysay ee baarlamaanka u badelay hay’ad gargaarka oo caawisa dadka barlamaanka Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya ka go’aday Somaliland oo loo qeybiyo labo golle oo kala dhibaataysan ee deegaankooda. laakiin aan weli helin aqoonsi caalami ah. Waxa ay u ah: Golaha Wakiilada (Golaha Hoose) iyo Golaha ololaysaa ansixinta sharci haweenka siinaya qoondo Guurtida (Golaha Sare) oo ah golaha duqeyda. Waa Baar Siciid waxa ay ku biirtay siyaasada sanadkii gaar ah oo ka mid ah kuraasta baarlamaanka hooyo dhashay 11 carruur ah oo 7 gabdho yihiin. 2001dii markaas oo ay ka mid noqotay siddeeda xubnood ee gobolka Sanaag ku matalayay Ururka Somaliland, kuwaas oo ka reeban inay rag u tartamaan. Waxa ay hannaankaas u aragtaa habka Bilowgii nolosheeda Dimuqraadiga Ummadda Bahawday (UDUB) oo keli ah ee ku dhiirogelin karin haweenka inay ka Xildhibaan Baar Siciid waxa ay sanadkii 1955 ku xilligaa ahaa xisbi siyaasadeed cusub. Waxaa Udub qeybgalaan siyaasada islamarkaasna horseedi kara dhalatay degmo xeebeedka qadiimiga ah ee aasaasay madaxweynihii labaad ee Somaliland inay kordhaan tirada haweenka xubnaha ka ah Laasqoray ee gobolka Sanaag. Waxa ay dhalatay Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal (AHU). Waxa ay Baar baarlamaanka Somaliland. Laakiin baarlamaanka xilli barwaaqo ah iyo dharaar jimce ah, oo weliba bil noqotay guddoomiyaha garabka haweenka xisbiga ragga wada ah ayaa dhowr jeer diiday ansixinta soon ah. Waxa ay Baar ka dhalatay qoys lagu yaqiin Udub ee gobolka Sanaag isla sanadkaas. qoondada haweenka. hoggaaminta dhanka dhaqanka iyo siyaasada. Hooyadeed Timiro Axmed Cawad waxa ay xubin Waxa ay sidoo kale ahayd guddoomiyaha Labo dumar ah oo keli ah ayaa wasiiro buuxa ka ah ka ahayd guddiga magaalada Diraan ee barriga ururka haweenka qaranka Somaliland (National dowladda cusub ee madaxweyne Muuse Biixii. Hal gobolka Sanaag. Waxa ay markii dambe noqotay Organization for Women – NOW) garabka gobolka gabadh oo keli ah ayaa wasiir xigeen ka ah 23ka guddoomiyaha magaalada Diraan intii u dhaxeysay Sanaag intii u dhaxeysay 1997-2005tii. wasiir kuxigeen ee uu madaxweynuhu magacaabay. 1970 - 1980kii. Awoowgeed aabbe Xaaji Faarax Baar Siciid waxa ay dowladda cusub ee xisbiga Jaamac iyo adeerkeed ba waxa ay ahaayeen caaqillo Baar Siciid waxa ay ka mid ahayd shan haween Kulmiye ku eedeysay inay aad uga gaabisay iyo suldaammo gobolka caan ka ah oo loogu soo musharixiin ah oo u tartamay doorashadii ugu saamiga haweenka ee golaha wasiirada, iyada hirto hoggaamin iyo nabadeyn. horreysay, uguna dambeysay ee mudaneyaasha labada golle ee baarlamaanka Somaliland oo oo sheegtay dumarka ugu badan u codeeyeen xisbiga talada haya ee Kulmiye doorashadii bishii Baar waa qof deggan oo aan hadal iyo ciyaar dhacday 2005. Iyada oo keli ah ayaa ku guuleystay Nofeembar, 2017. badnayn xitaa carruurnimadeedii oo ay jeclayd inay kursiga Golaha Wakiilada, waxa ayna sidaas ku la saaxiibto kuna dhex jirto dadka ka waaweyn. noqotay gabadha keli ah kursi ku leh golaha ka kooban 82 xubnood. Inkastoo ay Somaliland ka Xildhibaan Baar Siciid waxa ay hadda waqtigeeda ugu badan ku qaadataa magaalada Ceerigaabo ee Waxbarasho dhacday saddex doorasho madaxweynenimo, gobolka Sanaag, halkaas oo ay ka qabato shaqooyin Xildhibaan Baar Siciid waxa ay waxbarashada haddana weli laguma guuleysan in la qabto mutadawacnimo ah sida ceelal qodis. Waxa ay sidoo dugsiga Hoose iyo Dhexe ku qaadatay degmada doorashada xubnaha baarlamaanka Somaliland oo kale halkaas ka hirgalisay dhul beeroodyo, Waxa 6 7 4 Xildhibaan Sagal Abdirisaq Isaaq Biixi 5 Sahra Axmed Kooshin

2004ta. Eedadeed Faadumo Isaaq Biixi waxa ay dalal dhowr ah oo ay colaado ka jiraan kuwaas oo iyana ahayd safiirka dowladdii Maxamed Siyaad ay ka mid yihiin Sierra Leone, Soomaaliya, Sudan Barre u fadhiyay xarunta xarunta Qaramada iyo Kenya. shaqadeedii ugu horreysay ka bilowday Midoobay ee Geneva. dalka Sierra Leone sannadkii 2006. Hay’adaha ay la shaqaysay waxaa ka mid ah CARE, Cordaid, Hvos, Waxbarashada Qaramada Midoobay iyo Midowga Yurub shaqaysay Waxbarashadeeda aasaasiga ah ilaa heer jaamacad mashruuc la magac baxay Kobcinta Waxbarshada waxay ku qaadatay gudaha Soomaaliya. Degmada gabdhaha, kaasoo hoos tagayay Wasaaradda Beled-Xaawo ee gobolka Gedo ayay ka soo dhigatay Waxbarshada ee Puntland. Sidoo kale ayay u dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe, iyada oo ka qalinjabisay noqotay La-taliye dhanka arrimaha jandarka. dugsiga sare ee Axmed Gurey ee magaalada Sahro waxa ay sidoo kale noqotay agaasime Xigaha Muqdisho Sanadkii 2003. Waxa ay kadib ku biirtay Machadka Soomaaliyeed ee Horumarinta iyo jaamacadda Muqdisho oo ay sanadkii 2007 ka Cilmibaarista (Somali Institute for Development Horudhac qaadatay shahaadada koowaad (Bachelor’s degree) Horudhac and Research; SIDRA) oo ah xarun cilmibaariseed Sagal Cabdirisaaq Isaaq Biixi waa xildhibaan ka ee cilmiga maamulka iyo maareynta. Heerka Sahro Axmed Kooshin waa cilmibaare, gabyaa, oo fadhigeedu yahay Garoowe, Soomaaliya. Hadda tirsan Golaha Shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka labaad ee jaamacadda waxay ku soo qaadatay qoraa iyo hal-abuure ganacsi arrimaha bulshada waa cilmibaare iyo la-taliye madaxbanaan. ah ee Soomaaliya. Waxa ay ka mid tahay hablaha dalka Bakistaan, iyadoo kulliyadda maamulka ah. Sahro waxaa lagu yaqaan u dhaqdhaqaaqista dhallinyarada ah ee ku cusub Golaha Shacabka mashaariicda uga baxday jaamacadda Iqra sanadkii arrimaha bulshada, horumarinta waxbarashada Qoraa iyo hal-abuure ee baarlamaanka 10aad. Waxaa lagu doortay 2010. haweenka, caafimaadka, u gargaaridda dadka Sahro waa qoraa, waana gabyaa leh dhowr buug. magaalada Kismaayo bishii Nofeembar, 2016kii. tabaaleysan iyo ka shaqaynta cilmi baarista. Sanado waxay wax badan ka tiri arrimaha haweenka Kahor doorashadaa waxa ay la soo shaqeysay Xilalka ay soo qabatay badan waxa ay la-taliye arrimaha haweenka ah u Waa guddoomiyihii hore ee guddiga xuquuqul- Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo wax qorista bilowday dhowr ka mid ah wasaaradaha dowladda federaalka ahayd qaybo kala duwan oo ka mid ah dawladda sanadkii 1999 iyadoo ku sugan dalka Holland ah ee Soomaaliya. Aabeheed Janaraal Cabdirisaaq insaanka iyo haweenka ee baarlamaanka 10-aad ee iyo ururadda bulshada. Waa hooyada gabadh yar oo Soomaaliya, xilkaas oo loo doortay bishii Abriil ee halkaasna ay abaalmarin caalami ah ku heshay. Isaaq Biixi waxa uu ka mid ahaa saraakiisha la yiraa Najma-Bilan. Waxaa ay qortay ilaa afar buug oo midkeeda ciidamada qalanka sida isaga oo markii dambe sanadkii 2017. Intii u dhaxeysay sanadihii 2013 ilaa 2014 waxay agaasime ku-xigeen ka soo noqotay ugu dambeeyay uu ku saabsan yahay taariikh xildhibaan iyo wasiir ka noqday dowladihii ku-meel Bilowgii nolosheeda nololeedka Aabaheed iyo guud ahaan qoyskeeda. gaarka ahaa. idaacadda Bar-kulan oo ahayd mashruuc ku dhisnaa Sahro Kooshin waxa ay ku dhalatay magaalada maalgelin ay siiyaan deeq-bixiyeyaal caalami ah. Muqdisho 20 Oktoobar, 1980. Waxay yaraanteedii Intii u dhaxeysay 2011 ilaa 2012 waxay la-taliye ka Buugeedii ugu horreeyay ee ‘Between Summon Bilowgii nolosheeda ku soo barbaartay dalka dibaddiisa oo and Echo’ waxaa la daabacay 2002dii. Buugeedii Xildhibaan Sagal Biixi waxa ay bishii diseembar soo noqotay wasaaradda gaashaandhigga. waxbarashadeeda hoose ilaa sare ku qaadatay, Muddadii u dhaxeysay 2014 – 2015 waxay la soo labaad ‘Sounds of Laughter; An Anthology of sanadkii 1982dii ku dhalatay magaalada Muqdisho. halka Bach-keedii iyo master-keediiba ku soo from the heart of the Somali woman’ waxaa la Waxa ay qeyb ka mid carruurnimadeeda ku shaqeysay wasaaradda dastuurka, iyadoo madax u dhamaystay dalka Holland. Waxaa la dhalatay toban ahayd qeybta horumarinta dastuurka. Sidoo kale daabacay 2014kii, halka buugeeda saddexaad qaadatay degmada Baledxaawo ee gobolka Gedo. gabdho ah iyo saddex wiil. ee ‘Isniino, a little Somali girl’ ee la daabacay Waxa ay Sagal ka dhalatay qoys aad uga dhex sanadkii 2015 waxay la-taliye dhinaca xuquuqul- insaanka ah, gaar ahaan jandarka ka noqotay 2016kii uu ku saabsan yahay nolosha gabar yar muuqday ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliyeed. Waxbarasho oo qoyskoodii laga soo afduubtay islamarkaasna Aabbeheed Cabdirisaaq iyo adeerkeed Maxamed wasaaradda xuquuqul-insaanka iyo arrimaha Sahro Kooshin waxa ay waxbarashada dugsiga haweenka. lagu qabsay inay adeegto u noqoto reer ku nool Isaaq Biixi waxa ay labaduba ahaayeen janaraalo. hoose, dhexe iyo sare ba ku qaadatay magaalada magaalo weyn. Buuggu wuxuu sawir ka bixinayaa Lusaka ee caasimada u ah dalka Zambia, halkaas Sagal iyo siyaasadda nolosha carruurta Soomaaliyeed ee qoyskooda Janaraal Cabdirisaaq waxa uu sanadkii 1981dii oo ay ku barbaartay. Waxbarashada jaamacada Sagal Biixi u sheegtay bogga ka faallooda laga soo xado si ay ugu shaqeeyaan qoysas kale oo taliye ka ahaa qaybta 21aad ee ciidamada xoogga waxa ay ku qaadatay dalka Netherlands, iyada oo arrimaha baarlamaanka Soomaaliay ee Kalfadhi magaalooyinka ku nool. Soomaaliyeed. Wixii ka dambeeyay burburkii shahaadada koowaad (Bachelor’s degree) ee cilmiga in ay wax badan ku taamaysay in ay mar qabato dowladdii keli-teliska ahayd ee madaxweyne aadanaha iyo dhaqankooda (Cultural Anthropology) xafiis la isku doorto iyadoo u arkaysay meelaha Sahro Kooshin waxay sidoo kale aasaastay urur Maxamed Siyaad Barre, wuxuu janaraalku ka qaadatay jaamacada Leidin sanadka 2005tii. ay isbeddel weyn ka samayn karto. Taas ayaa ah ay ugu magac dartay ururka gabadha waxqora ee xildhibaan ka noqday dowladdii ku-meel gaarka Isla jaamacadaas ayay ka qaadatay shahaadada sababta ku dhiirrigelisay inay xildhibaannimo Puntland (Puntland Women writers Association) ahayd ee 2000 Jabuuti lagu dhisay ee madaxweyne heerka labaad ee jaamacada (Master’s degree) ee raadiso. Waxay xiiseysaa akhrinta taariikhda iyo u iyo carwada sanadlaha ah ee Garowe. Waxa ay Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan. Wuxuu uu sidoo kale isla cilmigaas sanadkii 2006dii. Waxa ay sidoo kale dhaqdhaqaaqidda xuquuqul-insaanka, gaar ahaan sidoo kale tirisay oo ay qortay gabayo dhowr ah oo xildhibaan ka noqday baarlamaanadii xigay ee uu shahaadada heerka labaad ee jaamacada ee cilmiga waxbarashada gabdhaha. Waxay sheegtay inay si ingiriis ah, qaar badan lagu turjumay afsoomaali iyo ugu dambeeyay kii xilligiisu ku ekaa 2012ka ee faraasaadka horumarinta ka qaadatay jaamacada hoose ula socoto baahiyaha ka jira deegaanka laga luuqado kale, sida gabaygeeda ‘Waxaan Ahay Gabar dowladihii madaxweyne Shariif Shiikh Axmed. Waxa Radboud ee isla Netherlands ku taal. soo doortay. Waxay u dhaqdhaqaaqdaa sidii ay Soomaaliyeed – I am A Somali Woman’. uu sidoo kale wasiirka gaashaandhiga ka noqday dadka deegaankaas u heli lahaayeen waxyaabaha dowladdii KMG ahayd ee madaxweyne Cabdulaahi Shaqo ay xaqa u leeyihiin iyo sidoo kale in lagu Yusuf Ahmed ee lagu dhisay dalka Kenya sanadkii Waxbarashadeeda kaddib waxa ay ka shaqeysay dhiirrigeliyo ka faa’ideysiga fursaha ay haystaan. 8 9 6 Qoraa Muna Maxamed Diirshe 7 Wasiirka Dakadaha Maryan Aweys Jaamac

Shalay iyo Maanta – Somali Women: Yesterday Waxbarashada and Today’ waxaa la daabacay 2014kii. Wuxuu Maryan Aweys Jaamac Waxa ay waxbarashada buugaan ka hadlayaa dhibaatooyinka colaadaha ka dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe ku qaadatay dugsiga dhashay ee sida gaarka ah u saameeyay dumarka Gahayr ee ku yaalla dagmada Xamar Jajab intii Soomaaliyeed. Wuxuu faahfaahinayaa kaalinta u dhexeysay 1976 -1983. Waxa ay sidoo kale dumarka uga jiraan nolosha cusub ee qoyska waxbarashada dugsiga saree e Raage Ugaas ku Soomaaliyeed dagaalada sokeeye kadib, iyo sida qaadatay intii u dhaxeysay 983 – 1986dii. Waxa dumarku halgan ugu jiraan buuxinta booska aabbe ay luuqadaha Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska ka baratay iyo hooyonimo iyaga oo badidood yihiin isha Machadka Horumarinta Maamulka iyo Maareynta dhaqaale qoysaskooda. (Somali Institute for Development Administration and management; SIDAM) sanadihii 1986-1988dii. Buugeeda labaad ee la daabacay 2014kii ee Dagaallada sokeeye ayaa qarxay iyada oo u jirta ‘Illintan Qubaneysa yaa ka damqanaya – The tears sanadka saddexaad Jaamacada Lafoole oo ay ka Horudhac Horudhac of women..who cares?’ waxa uu ku saabsan yahay baranaysay maamulka Ganacsiga. Kadib Nayroobi Maryan Aweys Jaamac ( English: Mariam Aweis Muna Maxamed Diirshe waa qoraa dhowr buug isla xadgudubyada dumarku kala kulmaan ragga, ayay u guureen qoyskeeda iyada oo jaamacada Jama ) waa wasiirka Dakadaha iyo Gaadiidka Badda, markaasna u-ololeysa nabad ku wada noolaashaha si gaar ah goobaha shaqada. Waxa uu buugu Nairobi ka qaadatay shahaadada koowaad waana xildhibaan ka tirsan Golaha Shacabka. Waxa reeraha Soomaaliyeed. Waxa ay waqti badan ku taabanayaa dhaqan aan badanaa si daahfuran (Bachelor’s degree) ee maamulka ganacsiga ee ay qeyb ka tahay xubnaha golaha wasiiradda ee bixisay dhexdhexaadinta iyo heshiisiinta qabaa’ilada looga hadlin kaas oo ah in gabadho badan oo sanadkii 2004dii. Xukuumada Ra’isul wasaare Xasan Cali Kheyre. Waxa wada-degga Gobolka Galgaduud. Waxa ay sidoo shaqodoon ah lagu qasbo in loo galmoodo si ay ay ka mid aheyd xildhibaanadii golaha shacabka ee kale gobolkaas ka hirgelisay xarumo caafimaad iyo shaqo u helaan. Xirfad shaqo Baarlamaankii 9 aad ee Dowladdii Madaxweynaha waxbarasho. Buugeeda saddexaad ee dumar iyo dareen Maryan Aweys shaqadii ugu horeysay waxa ay ka wuxuuna ka hadlayaa dareenka iyo jacaylka qoyska. uu ka ahaa Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyada oo bilowday Kuleejo Nofa Soomaaliya oo laga baran aheyd gudoomiyihii gudiga Xaquuqul Insaanka Bilowgii nolosheeda Muna waxay buuggan diiradda ku saartay nolosha jiray maamulka dhaqaalaha guriga intii u dhexeysay ee Baarlamaankaas. Intii u dhexeysay sanadihii Muna Diirshe waxa ay ku dhalatay magaalada qoysaska Soomaalida. Waxa ay hadda ku howlan sideetameeyadii illaa Sagaashameeyadii waqtigaasi 2011-2012 waxa ay aheyd Wasiirkii wasaaradda Muqdisho 25kii Diseembar, 1978 oo ay ku nooleyd tahay daabacaada buuggeedii afaraad ee ‘Waayihii oo ay waxbarasho ku jirtay. Shaqadii xigtay waxa Haweenka iyo Qoyska, ee xukuumadii uu Raysal ilaa dagaalada sokeeye ay qarxeen sanadkii 1991. Xaaji Kuweyd’ kaas oo ka hadlaya sooyaalka ay ka heshay hay’adda American Friends Services wasaaraha ka ahaa Cabdiwali Maxamed Cali Gaas Kadib waxa ay qoyskeedu u guureen dalka Yamani aabbeheed oo ahaa garsoore iyo weriye caan ah. Community oo ka bixin jirtay gobolada Banaadir oo hadda ah Madaxweynaha Maamulka Putland. oo ay hooyadeed u dhalatay, halkaas oo ay ku iyo Shabeelaha hoose adeegyo horumarinta iyo caafimaadka la xiriira. Waxa ay hay’adaas u barbaartay. Aabbeheed oo ku magacdheeraa ‘Xaaji Muna iyo Galmudug Mudadii ay ahayd wasiirka arrimaha haweenka shaqeysay intii u dhaxeysay 1992-1994. Sanadihii Kuweyd’ wuxuu ahaa garsoore caan ah sanadihii Muna Diirshe waxa ay kaalin weyn ka qaadatay waxa ay ka shaqeysay sidii dib-u-dajin loogu 1995 -1998 waxa ay la shaqeysay hey’adda ACORD- toddobaatameeyaddii, isaga oo markii dambe na dhismaha dowlad-goboleedka Galmudug iyo sameyn lahaa dadka kasoo barakacay dhulka Somalia (Agency for Co-operation and Research in noqday agaasimaha wakaalada wararka qaranka heshiisiinta beelaha deegaankaas. Waxa xubin ka miyiga ah abaaraha dartood ee ku nool xeryaha Development), oo ay u qaabilsaneyd dhanka dib u Soomaaliyeed ee Sonna. Hooyadeed waxa ay ahayd ahayd guddiga ansixinta dastuurka Galmudug caasimada Muqdisho. Sidoo kale waxa ay ka dajinta dadka kasoo qaxay dagaallada ka socday yamaniyad. ee kadibna soo xulay xildhibaanada maamul shaqeysay sidii loo dhaqan-gelin lahaa qoondada gobollada labada shabeele. Waxa ay sidoo kale la goboleedkaas. 2015 iyo 2016kii waxa ay qeyb ka haweenka ee ah in 30% ku yeeshaan baarlamaanka shaqeysay xafiiska hay’adda UNHCR ee magaalada Waxbarashada ahayd ergooyin ka shaqeynayay dib u heshiisiinta federaalka ah. Waa hooyo dhashay 4 carruur ah oo Nayroobi sanadihii 2005-2010kii. Muna Diirshe waxa ay waxbarashada dugsiga beelaha wada dega galgaduud, waxa ayna ahayd ay labo gabdho yihiin. hoose iyo dhexe ku qaadatay dugsiga Jabuuti ee gabadha keli ah ee ka midka ahayd ergooyinka Baarlamaanka magaalada muqdisho ku yaalay intii u dhaxeysay ragga u badan. Bilowgii Nolosheeda Maryam Aweys waxa ay xubin ka noqotay 1983-1990. Waxbarashada dugsiga sare waxa ay Maryan Aweys waxa ay 27 March 1970 ku dhalatay baarlamaankii 9aad ee Muqdisho lagu doortay ku qaadatay magaalada Ticis (Taiz) ee koofurta Waxa ay ku guuleystay inay ku qanciso odeyaasha magaalada Muqdisho. Waxay ku barbaartay sanadkii 2012kii. Waxaa xubnaha baarlamaankaas dalka Yeman intii u dhaxeysay 1992-1996. Waxa ay deegaanka in Cadakibir oo ah deegaan ku yaal xaafadda Maanabooliyo ee degmada Shibis. soo xulay odeyaasha dhaqanka Soomaaliyeed. Muna sidoo kale heystaa shahaado diblooma ah ee Gobolka Galgaduud oo uu magacaa ugu baxay Aabaheed waxa uu ka mid ahaa ciidanka xoogga Waxa ay kadib xubin ka noqotay Guddiga Xaquuqul cilmiga maamulka mashaariicda (Diploma in Project dagaal dhowr boqol oo sano kahor beelo ku dalka Soomaaliya wixii ka horreeyay dowlad Isnaaka ee baarlamaanka. Waxaa markale dib Management). dhexmaray magaca laga badelo. Deegaanka burburka. Waxa uu sidoo kale la shaqeeyay waxa ay hadda u bixisay ‘Cadabarwaaqo’. Muna wasaarada waxbarashada isaga oo macalin ka loogu soo doortay xubinnimada golaha shacabka ee baarlamaanka federaalka ah ee 10aad sanadkii Buugaagta Muna waxa ay hadda ka shaqeyneysaa oo gebogabo u noqday gobollada Jubbooyinka iyo Shabeelaha 2016kii. Waxaa lagu doortay magaalada Kismaayo. Muna Diirshe waxa ay sidoo kale qortay afar buug maraya dhismaha dugsi, xarun caafimaadka, guriga hoose. Waxa ay la dhalatay Daa’uud Aweys Jaamac Waxaa bishii Maarso ee sanadkii hore loo oo saddex ka mid ah ay ku saabsan yihiin taariikhda hooyooyinka iyo saldhig boolis oo uu deegaankaas oo ah weriye caan ah oo markii dambe noqday magacaabay Maryam Aweys wasiirka dekedaha iyo nolosha haweenka Soomaaliyeed. Buugeedii yeesho markii ugu horreysay. afhayeenka madaxweyne Xasan Shiikh Maxamuud. iyo gaadiidka badda ee dowladda federaalka ah ee ugu horreeyay oo la yiraa ‘Haweenka Soomaaliyeed: Wuxuu horey uga shaqeeyay laanta Afsoomaaliga ee idaacadaha BBCda iyo VOA. Soomaaliya. 10 11 8 Xaniifa Maxamed Ibraahim Xaabsade 9 Abwaan Nuux Yoonis

jaamacada Multimedia University ee Malaysia Soomaaliyeed. Shanti sano ee lasoo dhaafay sanadkii 2012kii. waxa ay tirisay 50 maanso oo ay ku jiraan gabayo. Waxa ayna suugaanta u adeegsataa wacyigelinta Xirfad-shaqo bulshada si gaar ah dhallinyarada. Waxa ay noqotay agaasimaha waaxda qorsheynta ee wasaarada dhallinyarada iyo ciyaaraha intii Guusha suugaanta Deeqo Nuux u dhaxeysay 2014-2015kii. Waxa ay dhamaadkii Ilaa 2013kii waxa ay Deeqo Nuux ka qeybgashay 2015kii ka mid noqotay shaqaalaha joogtada ah ee saddex tartan sugaaneed oo ay dhamaantood wasaarada arrimaha dibada oo ay ka mid ahayd kaalinta 1aad ka gashay. Tartankii ugu horreeyay ilaa ay noqotay xildhibaan dabayaaqada sanadkii wuxuu ahaa in maanso iyo gabayo lagu cabiro 2016kii. dhibaatooyinka dhallinyarada kasoo gaara tahriibka. Tartanka oo la qabtay 2013kii waxaa Waxa ay sidoo kale si mutadawacnimo ah soo qabanqaabiyay ururka hal-abuurka iyo ula shaqeysay Ururka Hoggaanka Haweenka qalinlayda ee Halqor. Deeqo-na waxa ay ku Horudhac Horudhac Soomaaliyeed (Somali Women Leadership Initiative, guuleysatay billaddii iyo abaalmarintii ugu Xaniifa Maxamed Ibraahim Xaabsade (English: Deeqo Nuux Yoonis Cabdi waa gabar 24 sano jir SWLI) oo kala shaqeeya haweenka Soomaaliyeed weyneyd ee tartankaas oo ay ku heshay maanso Hanifa Mohamed Ibrahim Habsade) waa xildhibaan ah oo gabyaa ah. Waxa ay sanadkii 1994dii ku iyo hay’adaha caalamiga ah si loo taageero kaalinta la xiriirta tahriibka iyo dhibaatooyinka laga dhaxlo ka tirsan Golaha Shacabka ee baarlamaanka dhalatay magaalada Hargeysa oo ay sidoo kale haweenka dhanka siyaasadda iyo howlaha kale. oo ay uga qeybgashay tartanka. Isla sanadkii federaalka ah ee 10aad. Waxa ay xubin ka tahay ku barbaartay, welina ku nooshahay. Waxa ay xigay ee 2014kii waxa ay Deeqo mar labaad ku guddiga arrimaha dibadda ee golaha shacabka gabayada iyo maansooyinka bilowday iyada oo 19 Baarlamaanka guuleysatay kaalinta 1aad ee tartanka gabayada iyo xubnaha baarlamaanka u qaabilsan Urur sano jir. Saddex tartan suugaaneed oo ay ka qeyb Waxaa lagu doortay magaalada Baydhabo ee dhallinyarada ee uu qabto Ururka Horumarinta goboleedka IGAD. Waa markii ugu horreysay ee ay gashay waa ay ku wada guuleysatay oo kaalinta dhamaadka sanadkii 2016kii, iyada oo badeshay iyo Daraasaadka Somaliland ee Sodra. Si la mid ah xubin ka noqoto baarlamaanka Soomaaliya. Waxaa 1aad ayay kusoo baxday.. Tartankii ugu dambeeyay walaalkeed horey kursigan xildhibaannimada ugu tartankii hore, waxa uu kanna ku saabsanaa aafada dhalay hoggaamiye kooxeed hore oo caan ah oo ee ay ku guuleysatay waxa uu ahaa kii BBCSomali ee fadhiyay kadib geerida aabbehood. tahriibka, ujeedkana waxa uu ahaa in dhallinyarada sdioo kale soo noqday xildhibaan iyo wasiir. Waa gabdhaha gabya ee ka da’yar 35 sano. Somaliland laga wacyigeliyo tahriibka. Meerisyada hooyo heysta gabar. maansadii ay ku guuleysatay waxaa ka mid ah: Waxbarasho Bilowgii Nolosheeda Deeqo waxa ay waxbarashadeeda aasaasiga ah ku Miyaan u badheedhay Xaniifa Xaabsade waxa ay sanadkii 1991-dii qaadatay magaalada Hargeysa, iyada oo ka baxday Inaan baxsantayda ku dhalatay Tuulo lagu magacaabo Banaaney dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe ee Biyo-dhacay sanadkii Barbaarta dalkayga (Awjabe) oo hoostagta degmada Kuntuwaarey 2010ka. Waxbarashada dugsiga sare waxa ay ku Anoon boqol aasin ee gobolka Shabeelaha Hoose. Waxa ay ku qaadatay dugsiga saree e Shiikh Cali Ibraahim intii Xabaasha la beegsan barbaartay magaalada Baydhabo oo ay ku qaadatay u dhaxeysay 2011-2016kii. Hadda waxa ay dhigataa Baroor ku illaawo waxbarashada aas-aasiga ah. jaamacada Gollis oo ay ka barato cilmiga adeega Miyaan u badheedhay bulshada (Social work). Waxaan isbidaayay Aabbeheed Maxamed Ibraahim Xaabsade waxa Inaan ka barriiqdo uu ka mid ahaa hoggaamiye kooxeedyada iyo Suugaanta Deeqo siyaasiyiinta ugu saameyn badnaa gobollada Bay Deeqo Nuux waxa ay billowday curinta gabayada Sanadkii hore na waxa ay ku guuleysatay tartanka iyo Bakool. Waxa uu wax ka dhisay dowladihii KMG iyo maansooyinka iyada oo 19 sano jir ah. Maansadii abaalmarinta gabeyada ay tiriyaan gabdhaha da’ ahaa, oo uu kasoo noqday xildhibaan. Waxa uu ugu horreysay oo ay curisay 2013kii waxa ay ugu yarta ah ee BBCSomali. Waxa ay ka guulaysatay 100 wasiir ka noqday wasaaradaha kala duwan ee kala baroordiiqaysay abwaankii weynaa ee Maxamed gabdhood oo la tartamay. Meerisyada gabeygaas ah; Wasaarada Dekedaha, wasaarada Beeraha iyo Xaashi Dhamac ‘Gaarriye’ oo markaas geeriyooday. na waxaa ka mid ah: Wasaarada Dib-u-heshiisiinta. Waxaa maansadaas ka mid ah meerisyadan: Dhaqan suubban suugaan cuddoon hadal Waxbarashada Oohineey wax I yeela sarbeebaysan, Waxa ay waxbarashada dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe Aamusoow kuma rayste Murti soohan maah maah sarjaran sadar la ku qaadatay dugsiga Model ee magaalada Walwal oo ima daaye miisaamay, Baydhabo intii u dhaxeysay 1998-2006dii. Waxa ay Gaarriyoon dhigay iilku Sibraar buuxa, sahay meel mara oo socota loo waxbarashada dugsiga sare ku qaadatay Hoyga Geeri maaha Abwaan e kaydsho, Xamar ee Muqdisho ku yaal intii u dhaxeysay Waa jabkii afka hooyo Haan saableh, surrad iyo alool, gole la seensaabay, 2006-2009kii. Waxa ay shaahadada koowaad ee Deeqo Nuux Yoonis waxa ay ka mid ah tahay Sinjigaara soomaaliyeey waynu sidanaaye jaamacada ee Ganacsiga Caalamiga ah ka qaadatay hormuudka hal-abuurrada da’da yar ee Yaan la suufin waa sawrac aan laga salguurayne. 12 13 9 Deqo Nuh Yunis Abdi 8 Hanifa Mohamed Ibrahim Habsade

competition she recited a poem about the negative the end of 2015, she became a permanent staff effects of informal migration on youth in Somalia. member at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a position The competition was hosted by the association of she held until she became a member of parliament creative artists (Hal-qor). at the end of 2016.

In 2014, Deqo won another poetry competition Hanifa has also worked as a volunteer with the for youth, which was organized by Somaliland’s Somali Women Leadership Initiative (SWLI), an Institute for Research, also known as (SODRA). Just organization that works with Somali women and as in the earlier competition, she chose to raise international organizations to support Somali awareness about the risk of migration for the youth. women’s participation in politics and other One of Deqo’s winning poems is translated as activities. follows: Parliament Introduction Did I do it intentionally? Introduction She was elected in Baidoa towards the end of 2016 Deqo Nuh Yonis Abdi is 24 and was born in Hargeisa My dear Hanifa Mohamed Ibrahim Habsade is a member as a successor to her brother who had held the in 1994. She still lives in Hargeisa. She started The youth of my country of the 10th Somali Federal Parliament. She is parliamentary seat since the death of their father. writing poetry when she was 19 years old. She has Without burying hundreds a member of the parliamentary foreign affairs won a number of poetry competitions, including And forgetting them in the grave committee and also of the parliamentary most recently a BBC Somali service award for I forgot them with a cry committee charged with IGAD affairs. This is her women under 35. Did I do it intentionally? first time to become a member of the Somali I thought I would parliament. She is the daughter of a famous faction Education Escape this leader, who also became a member of parliament Deqo Nuh attended Biyo-day school in Hargeisa, and later a minister. She is a mother and has one where she completed her primary school studies Last year she won a poetry prize for young women daughter. in 2010. She went to Sheikh Ali High School supported by the BBC, in which there were around from 2011-2016. She is currently attending Golis 100 other young female poets. One of her winning Early Life University studying for for a Bachelor’s degree in verses is translated as follows: Hanifa Habsade was born in 1991 in a village called Sociology. Banaaney (Awjabe), which falls under Kuntuwaarey A good culture, a nice literature and indirect speech district of Lower Shabelle region. She grew up and Deqo’s Poetry A clear wisdom, proverbs and a balanced stanza went to primary school in Baidoa town. Deqo Nuh started writing poetry when she was 19. A full container, a mileage that can be used for She wrote her first poem in 2013 to celebrate the travelling Her father, Mohamed Ibrahim Habsade, was one of great late poet, Mohamed Hashi Dama “Gaariye”, A wooden container with a handle, filled with the most influential faction leaders and politicians who died that same year. One of her poems is beauty and a well prepared place in the Bay and Bakool regions. He took part in the translated as follows: Oh Somalis we always had these traits formation of the Transitional Government and was Let’s not forget, it is a heritage that can never be one of the members of the parliament. He held Crying hurts me abandoned ministerial posts in the Ministry of Ports, Ministry of Silence is no better Agriculture, and Ministry of Reconciliation. I am always worried Till death takes me to the grave Education It is not the death of a poet In the years between 1998 and 2006, Hanifa It is the demise of our mother tongue attended Model Primary School in Baidoa for her primary education. She then proceeded to Deqo Nuh Yonis is one of the youngest creative high school where she attended Hoyga Hamar Somali artists. She has written 50 poems in the last Secondary in Mogadishu between 2006 and 2009. five years. She uses some of her poems to sensitize She pursued a bachelor’s degree in International the community towards social issues, especially the Business at Multimedia University in Malaysia in youth. 2012.

Awards Career In 2013, she participated in three poetry She became director of planning at the Ministry competitions and came first in all. In the first of Youth and Sports between 2014 and 2015. At 14 15 7 Mariam Aweis Jama 6 Muna Mohamed Diirshe

Education mother as most women became the breadwinners Mariam Aweis Jama attended Gahayr Primary for their families. school in Hamar Jajab district of Mogadishu from 1976-1983. She went to Raage Ugaas Secondary Her second book published in 2014 The Tears of School for high school education between 1983 Women…Who Cares? is about the violence inflicted and 1986. In 1986-1988, Mariam studied English on women by men, particularly in the workplace. and French languages at the Somali Institute for The book talks about a practice that is not openly Development Administration and Management discussed, which is how women are often sexually (SIDAM). The civil war broke out while Mariam was harassed and abused in exchange for work. in her third year at Lafoole University, where she was pursuing a business administration course. Her Her third book, Women and Feelings looks at family fled to Nairobi, Kenya, where she pursued emotions and love in the family. In this book, her education at Nairobi University and graduated Muna discusses the Somali family life. She is now Introduction in 2004 with a Bachelor’s degree in Business Introduction working on publishing her fourth book, “The Times Mariam Aweis Jama is the current Somali Minister Administration. Muna Mohamed Diirshe is a writer, who has of Haji Kuweyd, which is a memoir of her father as for Ports and Marine Transport. She is among authored several books. She is also a notable prosecutor and journalist. the cabinet of Prime Minister Hassan Ali Kheyre. Career advocate for peaceful coexistence among the She is also a member of parliament. Mariam was Maryan Aweys took her first job at Somalia Somali communities. She has spent much time Muna and Galmudug a member of the 9th parliament of the former Nofa Institute teaching family economics whilst mediating, reconciling and peace-building among Muna Diirshe played a very important role in government of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, in she was still studying. Her second job was at the clans living in Galmudug region. She also the formation of the Galmudug State and the which she held the position of chairperson of the the American Friends Services Community, an founded health and education centres in the region. reconciliation process of the clans co-habiting parliamentary human rights committee. Between organization providing health and support service the region. She was a member of the Galmudug 2011 and 2012, she was the Minister for Women to communities in Banadir and Shabelle regions, Early Life constitution approval committee, which later and Family Affairs in the government of Prime between 1992 and 1994. Muna Diirshe was born in Mogadishu on 25h selected the members of the parliament for the Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas, the current December 1978 and lived there until the onset of state. In 2015 and 2016, she was a member of the president of Puntland state. Between 1995-1998 she worked with ACORD- the civil war in 1991. Her family fled to Yemen, the delegates working on reconciling the communities Somalia (Agency for Co-operation and Research country of birth of her mother who grew up there. in Galmudug. She was the only woman in the During the time she was Minister for Women and in Development), where she worked on the Her father, who was also known as “Haji Kuweyd”, delegation. Family Affairs, she was an active contributor to resettlement of IDPs in Mogadishu. She also worked was a renowned legal prosecutor in the 1970s. He efforts to resettle those who had fled from the with UNHCR in Nairobi between 2005-2010. was also a journalist and later became the director She was able to convince the elders to change rural areas due to drought and were living in of the Somali National News Agency (SONNA). Her the name of Adakibir, a town in Galmudug region. the Mogadishu camps for Internally Displaced Parliament mother was a Yemeni by descent. The town was named after a fierce battle that Persons (IDPs). In addition, she worked on ways Maryam Aweys became a member of the 9th took place several hundred years ago between of implementing the quota for women, who parliament in 2012. The members of the parliament Education two clans that live in the area. She renamed the were to have 30per cent of seats in the federal were selected by the Somali elders. She later Muna Diirshe attended Jabuuti Primary School in town Adabarwaaqo. Muna is currently finalizing parliament. She is a mother of four, two sons and became a member of the parliamentary committee Mogadishu for her primary education between the construction of a school, a health centre, and two daughters. on human rights. She was re-appointed to the 10th 1983 and 1990. She continued her secondary the town’s first ever police station. She is also parliament as a representative from Kismayo. education in Yemen, where she attended high establishing a Centre for Women, where local Early Life In March 2017, she was appointed as the Minister school in Taiz, southern Yemen, from 1992- women’s groups will be able to meet to discuss Mariam Aweis Jama was born in Mogadishu on for Ports and Marine Transport of the Federal 1996. Later, she attained a diploma in project issues affecting them. 27 March 1970 and grew up in Maanabooliyo Government of Somalia. management. neighborhood of Shibis district. Her father was a member of the Somali National Armed Forces until Book publications the collapse of the government. He also worked Muna Diirshe authored four books on the history with the Ministry of Education as a teacher and was and lifestyle of Somali women. Her first book Somali posted to Lower Juba and Lower Shabelle regions. Women: Yesterday and Today was published in 2014. Mariam is sister to Dauud Aweys Jama, a renowned The book describes the problems caused by the journalist who later became a spokesman for war and their effects on Somali women. It discusses President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Dauud the role of Somali women in the new Somali previously worked for BBC and VOA. household and lifestyle and observes how women are struggling to play the role of both father and 16 17 5 Sahro Ahmed Koshin 4 Sagal Isack Bihi

Writer and poet Positions Held Sahro is a writer and a poet who has written Sagal Bihi is the former chairperson of the Human many books. She has written prolifically about Rights and Women’s Affairs Committee in the 10th Somali women since 1999 when she was in The parliament. She was appointed to this position in Netherlands and received an award for her work. April 2017. She has also written several books, the last one about her late father and family. Between 2013 and 2014 she was the deputy coordinator of Radio Bar-Kulan, which was a public Her first book Between Summon and Echo was radio operated by the UN. published in 2002. Her second book Sounds of Laughter: An Anthology from the heart of the She served as an advisor at the ministry of defence Somali Woman was published in 2014. Her third between 2011 and 2012. In 2014 – 2015 she worked book Isniino, a little Somali girl was published in with the ministry of justice and constitutional 2016. The latter tells the story of a young girl who Introduction affairs. In 2015 she was an advisor on the human Sagal Isack Bihi is a member of the Somali Federal Introduction was kidnapped from her family and forced into rights and women’s affairs committee. Parliament. She is one of the youngest members Sahro Ahmed Koshin is a researcher, poet, writer domestic servitude for a family in a big city. The in the 10th parliament elected from Kismayo in and creative artist, as well as a business incubation book brings out the story of many children stolen Sagal’s Politics 2016. Before the elections, she worked with several specialist. Sahro is known for her role in human from their families and currently living in urban Sagal Bihi told the Kalfadhi news site that she ministries in the federal Somali government. Her rights advocacy, health and research work. She centres as domestic workers. aspires to contest for an elective post because she father General Abdirizak Isack Bihi was an army worked as an advisor on women’s affairs for various believes that is the way to effect what she believes general, who later became both an MP and a government and non-governmental organizations. Sahro Koshin established The Puntland Women in. She said this is one of the reasons why she keeps minister in various Transitional Governments. She has one child. Writers Association and Garowe’s Annual Exhibition. pursuing a Member of Parliament post. She has also written several poems in English, Early Life Early Life which were later translated into Somali and other Sagal Bihi was born in Mogadishu in 1982. She lived She likes reading history and advocating for girl Sahro Koshin was born in Mogadishu on 20 October languages. These include Waxaan Ahay Gabar in Belet Hawo district, Gedo region for some part of child education. 1980. She was raised abroad during her early life. Soomaaliyeed – meaning I am A Somali Woman. her childhood. Her family had many members in the She completed her Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees Somali armed forces. Both her father Abdirisak and Sagal said she closely follows events in the region. in The Netherlands. She has 10 sisters and three her uncle Mohamed Bihi were military generals. She works hard to ensure her people get services brothers. General Abdirisak was the commander of 21st and opportunities to develop the area. battalion in 1981. He later served in the federal Education government, which was established in Djibouti in Sahro Koshin had her primary and secondary 2000. He became a member of parliament during education in Lusaka, Zambia. She later went to Sheikh Sharif Ahmed’s presidency. He also served Radboud University in The Netherlands, where she as defence minister in the government of President did a Bachelor’s degree in Cultural Anthropology in Abdullahi Yussuf, which was established in Kenya in 2005. She did her Master’s in the same discipline a 2004. year later. Sagal Bihi’s aunt Fatma Bihi served as an Career ambassador representing the government of Siyad Sahro has worked in many countries as a conflict Bare in the United Nations’ Geneva office. resolution expert and social worker. She worked in Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan and Kenya. She Education worked with several organizations including CARE, She took her studies right through from primary Cordaid, Hivos, the UN and EU. She has also worked school to undergraduate university in Somalia. She with the Puntland government. went to primary and middle school in Belet hawo, Gedo region. She later completed her high school Sahro has been a deputy director of the Somali education at Ahmed Gurey school in Mogadishu Institute for Development and Research (SIDRA), in 2003. In 2007, she joined Mogadishu University a local research institute. Currently she is an where she did her Bachelor degree in public independent researcher. administration and management. She did a masters in International Studies at Iqra University in Pakistan in 2010. 18 19 3 2 Bar Said Haji Farah Jama Naimo Mohamed Gaal

Bar Said joined politics in 2001 and became a member She was later re-elected to parliament in 2016. She of UDUB party as one of the eight representatives of is now a member of the parliamentary committee Sanag region. UDUB party established the second on the Arab League. president of Somaliland, the late Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Igal. Bar became the leader of the women’s Awards wing of UDUB party in Sanag region the same year. In 2012, she was recognized by the government She was also the leader of Somaliland’s National of Egypt for her role in Somali politics when Organization for Women – (NOW) in Sanag region she travelled to Cairo as part of a delegation between 1997 and 2005. representing Somalia. Bar Said was one of the five women who contested the last parliamentary elections in 2005. She is the Introduction only woman to win her seat. Although Somaliland Bar Said Haji Farah Jama is a member of the has had three presidential elections since 2005, there Introduction Somaliland parliament. She is the only woman in the were no parliamentary elections held since then. Naimo Mohamed Gaal is a member of the Somali 82 member lawmakers’ house. She is also the only The next elections are expected to be held in 2019. woman in the lower house. Women are not allowed to Fatuma Jama Ileye is also the only woman to become Federal Parliament. She was the youngest woman in be members of the Upper House of Somaliland, which a member of the upper house after taking the position the 2012 Somali parliament. She was elected again consists of 82 members as well. Bar was a member of of her husband, the late Mohamed Osman Libaho in to be a member of parliament in 2016. She is 25 the lower house since 2005, which was the last time 2008. She was a member of the upper house for four years old. She has 4 sisters and 4 brothers. She is not parliamentary elections were held in Somaliland. She years only. She resigned in 2013 claiming she could married. is a mother of 11 children, including 7 girls. not enforce changes for women. She was replaced by her son who is now the youngest member of the Early Life Early Life upper house. Honorable Naimo Gaal was born in Howlwadag Honorable Bar Said was born in 1955 in the old coastal district in Banadir region in 1992. She was born town of Lasqoray in Sanag region. She was born on Bar Said is the only woman in the Somaliland during the civil war between Ali Mahdi and a Friday (during the rainy season) and in the month parliament. She has been advocating for more political Mohamed Farah Aydid (a period which is also of Ramadan. Bar was born into a family known to be seats to be allocated to women. She believes this is involved in both traditional and secular leadership. the best way to allow women to have an impact and known as “Afar Biloodkki”). The two leaders were Her mother Timio Ahmed Awad was a member of actively participate in politics. However, the male fighting over the control of Mogadishu city. Both Diran town council in Eastern Sanag. She later became dominated parliament has shot down her proposal were members of the resistance movement of the chair lady of the Diran town council between 1970 several times. United Somali Congress (USC) which overthrew the and 1980. Her grandfather Haji Farah Jama and her government Mohamed Siyad Bare. She grew up uncle were well known and respected clan elders and The government of President Musa Bihi has only in Mogadishu, mainly in Waberi and Howlwadag leaders in the region. Bar is a calm and polite person. two women in the cabinet. Among the 23 assistant districts. During her childhood, she preferred to spend most of ministers, there is only one woman. Bar Said has her time with her elders. accused Bihi’s government of neglecting women Education and not allocating enough positions to women Naimo Gaal went to Al-Mathal school in Waberi Education in his administration. Bar said the majority of the district between 2001-2009 for her primary, middle Bar Said studied her primary and middle school women still supported Bihi’s Kulmiye party in the and high school studies. In the same year, she went education Buran town and graduated from Buran November 2017 elections. Bar Said currently spends to Afhad University in Khartoum, Sudan where she school in 1969. Her family moved to Mogadishu where most of her time in Erigabo, Sanag region where she completed her Bachelor Degree in Public Health in she completed her high school level at Banadir high provides community service by drilling boreholes and 2012. school in 1973. Bar did not pursue her university supporting farmers. She wants to become a famer education and married just a year after completing when she retires from active politics. high school. However, she did various short courses in Politics management, business, politics and security. Awards Naimo Gaal returned to Somalia in 2012 where the Bar Said was nominated as among the 100 most campaigns of both parliamentary and presidential Politics and Activism influential people in Somaliland along with the former elections were going on. Elders from her clan Before joining politics Bar Said worked as a social Somaliland president Ahmed Mohamud Silanyo, the nominated her to represent them in parliament. worker and social activist. Together with some other eldest law maker in the upper house Haji Abdikarin She joined the 9th parliament at the age of 20. She women, she established local organizations that Hussein and the former Somaliland presidency was the youngest in the 275 member house. This worked on community sensitization programs in 1993. minister Hirsi Ali Hirsi. was her first job after completing her university They later formed a Non-Governmental Organization education. and started operations in some regions. 20 21 1 Halimo Ismail Ibrahim

in several areas of community work including working on the 1973 literacy programme in the rural areas teaching the Somali language. She also worked with the ruling Howlwadaag party on community development.

In 1992, she joined United Nations Operations in Somalia (UNISOM) as a political officer. She worked on national reconciliation and cohesion for UNISOM, bringing together Somali women leaders to advocate for peace. She played a key role in emphasizing the role of Somali women in politics during the time of Ali Mahdi and General Mohamed Introduction Farah Aideed. When UNISOM closed its operations Halimo Ismail Ibrahim also known as “Halimo in Somalia in 1996, Halimo migrated to the United Yareey” is the chair of the Somali National Election States of America where she lived until 2007. Commission. She is the first woman to hold this position ever in Somalia. Previously she served Activism and politics as the chair of the technical committee in the Halimo Ismail was an active member of society establishment of Galmudug region. She was also when the government collapsed in May 1991. the co-chair of the selection panel of the Somalia She helped many Somali women’s organizations Federal parliament in 2012. in developing vocational training for women’s empowerment. She also participated in a number of She is a mother of three children. Her husband is the Somali reconciliation processes that took place engineer Abdullahi Ismail Ashur, who was killed in outside the country. Mogadishu on 18 November 2014. Ashur worked with the interior ministry and Banadir regional In 1995 she represented Somalia the international administration prior to his death. He oversaw the women’s workshop held in China. In 2011, she reconstruction of roads in Mogadishu. was appointed as the chairperson of civil society organizations in Somalia. She played a key Early Life role in the processes leading the Transitional Government to nationhood. Halimo was a co- Halimo Ismail was born in Mogadishu’s Martini These profiles of Somali women were researched and written chair of the committee mandated to select MPs in Hospital on 23 December 1956. She grew up in by Nado Yusuf Omar, Nasrin Mohamed Ibrahim, Fathi Mohamed the 2012 parliament. The committee succeeded Hamarweyne district. She was brought up by her Ahmed, and Fadumo Taxadar Yusuf. Fadumo Taxadar Yusuf was in establishing the first government in Somalia uncle, who worked with the ministry of health. coordinator and editor of the project. since 1991. Together with other women, Halimo established The National Somali League in 2014 to Education English translations were prepared by encourage women’s leadership and empowerment. She studied at Finta Kuwaataro Maajo between Tubali Limited. 1965 and 1966 and later went to Media Centrale where she graduated in 1967. Halimo completed Halimo was also the chair of the technical a degree in agriculture at Somali Public University committee that helped establishing regional in 1981. She later pursued a master’s in agricultural governments such as Galmudug. She also oversaw economy at Turino University in Italy in 1983. the presidential elections in that region.

Career The federal Somali parliament created the 11 Halimo came back from Italy to Somalia in 1983 and member Independent Electoral Commission on 6 became an assistant lecturer at the Somali Public of July 2015. Halimo was appointed as the chair of University. Three years later, she became a full the commission. The mandate of the commission is lecturer teaching agriculture, a role she served until to help Somalia transition to a one person one vote 1991 when the university was closed. democracy by 2020. Halimo is seen as one of the During her time in the university, she was involved most influential women in the country. 22