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FP023: Climate Resilient Agriculture in Three of the Vulnerable Extreme Northern Crop Growing Regions (CRAVE)

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FP023: Climate Resilient Agriculture in Three of the Vulnerable Extreme Northern Crop Growing Regions (CRAVE) FP023: Climate Resilient Agriculture in three of the Vulnerable Extreme northern crop growing regions (CRAVE) Namibia | EIF | B.14/07 Crop Adaptation through Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture (Gender Assessment Report) GENDER ASSESSMENT REPORT Climate Resilient Agriculture in three of the Vulnerable Extreme northern crop growing regions (CRAVE) Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia, March 2016 i Crop Adaptation through Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture (Gender Assessment Report) ACRONYMS USED .................................................................................................................. IV 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 GENDER POLICY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENT FUND OF NAMIBIA ............................ 5 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................... 6 1.3 PROJECT OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 6 1.4 AGRICULTURAL CHALLENGES ............................................................................................. 7 1.5 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 9 1.6 LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................................................10 1.6.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................10 1.6.2 UNDERSTANDING THE LINKAGES ......................................................................................11 1.6.3 GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE .......................................................................................12 2 GENDER POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..............................................13 2.1 GENDER POLICIES .............................................................................................................13 2.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..............................................................................................13 2.3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..........................................................................................................14 2.4 STAKEHOLDERS FOR POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORKS .............................15 3 ASSESSMENT OF GENDER BASED IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ........................16 3.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WOMEN .......................................................16 3.2 WOMEN VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE ....................................................................17 3.3 GENDER VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS .............................................................................18 4 SOCIO ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................20 4.1 AGRICULTURE ...................................................................................................................20 4.2 HOUSEHOLD SOURCE OF INCOME .......................................................................................21 4.3 WOMEN HEADED HOUSEHOLDS ..........................................................................................22 4.4 GENDER INEQUALITY .........................................................................................................24 4.5 GENDER ANALYSIS BY SECTOR ..........................................................................................24 4.5.1 LABOR INPUT ..................................................................................................................24 4.5.2 EDUCATION SECTOR .......................................................................................................25 4.5.3 WATER SECTOR .............................................................................................................25 4.5.4 ENERGY SECTOR ............................................................................................................26 4.6 POVERTY LEVELS ..............................................................................................................27 5 REGIONAL GENDER PROFILES ......................................................................................28 ii Crop Adaptation through Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture (Gender Assessment Report) 5.1 ZAMBEZI REGION ...............................................................................................................28 5.1.1 POPULATION ...................................................................................................................29 5.1.2 EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................29 5.1.3 LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE ..............................................................................30 5.2 KAVANGO EAST AND WEST ................................................................................................30 5.2.1 POPULATION ...................................................................................................................31 5.2.2 EDUCATION ....................................................................................................................32 5.2.3 LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE ..............................................................................32 6 GENDER PRACTICES IN THE PROJECT AREAS ............................................................34 6.1 DECISION MAKING AND PARTICIPATION...............................................................................34 6.2 ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ASSETS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, AND TECHNICAL SKILLS ..........35 6.3 GENDER DIFFERENTIATED IMPACTS IN THE CLIMATE DEPENDENT SECTORS OF NAMIBIA .........36 8 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................39 iii Crop Adaptation through Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture (Gender Assessment Report) Acronyms Used ADCs Agriculture Development Center CA Conservation Agriculture CRAVE Climate Resilient Agriculture in three of the Vulnerable Extreme northern crop growing regions CVCA Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis Framework GAF Gender Analysis Framework GCF Green Climate Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GSCs Gender Sectoral Committees IPCC Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change LAC Legal Assistance Centre MAWF Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry MGECW Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare NCCA Namibia Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture NGO Non-Governmental Organisation iv Crop Adaptation through Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture (Gender Assessment Report) 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Gender Policy of the Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia Although many gender gaps have narrowed over the past two decades in Namibia, substantial inequalities remain across all sectors, particularly in low-income families and among disadvantaged groups. Under the gender policy, the Environmental Investment Fund of Namibia investments are aimed at three overarching outcomes. These outcomes, which are especially important for people who are marginalized or excluded due to ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, lack of income, disability or other factors, reflect the gamut of activities that the Fund undertakes across multiple sectors and fields: - Reduce gender disparities in access to, control over and benefit from natural resources, wealth, opportunities and services economic, social, political, and cultural; - Reduce gender based discrimination and improve participation of women in sustainable development processes; - Promote financing for gender results, and - Increase capability of women to realize their rights, determine their life outcomes, and influence decision-making process. The goal of the Fund’s gender policy is to contribute to better health for both women and men, through health research, policies and programmes which give due attention to gender considerations and promote equity and equality between women and men. The Fund will analyze and address gender issues in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies, programmes, projects and research in order to achieve the following objectives: - Increase coverage, effectiveness and efficiency of interventions; - Promote equity and equality between women and men, throughout the life course, and ensure that interventions do not promote inequitable gender roles relations; - Provide qualitative and quantitative information on the influence of gender on sustainable development; and - Support projects on how to undertake gender-responsive planning and implementation 5 Crop Adaptation through Comprehensive Conservation Agriculture (Gender Assessment Report) 1.2 Objectives of the Assessment The overall objective of gender assessment is to mainstream gender into the project, which will be achieved through several activities. Understanding of the practices in the project area is the basis for gender mainstreaming, which was obtained from the field visit in the three regions of Zambezi, Kavango West and East. The specific objectives of field survey mission are: - To collect basic information on labor division by gender, assess gender impacts of climate change, and identify gender roles in climate change adaptation; - To identify the gender training needs for climate change adaptation with specific focus
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