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Guidelines for Installing Traffic Signals at Diamond Interchanges • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 6

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Guidelines for Installing Traffic Signals at Diamond Interchanges • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 6 nC"",CAL '11lIO.T ST ...OA'O TITUItAGE "~ .. "¥ 1........... 2.... .-... A ............. I .....,. ... c--.. .... FHWA/TX-S-5/:.34 +344-1 •• T........... , •. S... ..,.,..,... _. Guidelines for Installing Trafffc Signals November 1984 at Diamond Interchanges .........., .. 0............ , .. 1 . ...."., •. ,.,....... 0..-...........,. lit•• Myung-Soon Chang and Carroll J. Messer Research Report 344-1 t. It.,.... i •• 0,......... .,. lit •• _III A ...... 10. W.,. lMi..... Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 11. c..." ... ., G.... lit•• College Station, TX 77843· Study No. 2-18-83-344 1'. T,...f • ...,.. 1t.,IM c....... 12. s.-_... ~, .......4 AM,••• Texas State Department of Highways and Public Interim -- September 1982 Transportation; Transportation Planning Division to November 198~ " ........., .......... , c.4e Austln.P.O •. Box Tx505'8763 . 15 s...'_. ." H•••• Research performed in cooperation with DOT, FHWA. Research Stud y Title: Guidelines for Diamond Interchan g e Control This report presents the findings from a research project entitled, "Guidelines for Diamond Interchange Control", sponsored by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. The report contains the data collection methods and procedures employed in the study to evaluate the operational effects of stop sign and signal control at diamond interchanges. An assessment of traffic control alterna­ tives is described in terms of operational effects of queues and travel speed. Guidelines for installing signal control at diamond interchanges are ~rovided in terms of internal volume, left turn proportion within internal volume, and the sum of internal and external volume. The specific traffic volume guidelines were developed based on a combination of these variables affecting operational performance. It. 0 •••, .................. No restriction •. This document is avail­ Diamond Interchanges, Traffic abJe to the public through the National Control, Stop Sign, Signal Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Guidelines. Royal Road, Springfield, Viginia 22161 , i •. '-,t" el ...... r.f ........' 21 ......f ...... 22.""" Unclassified Unclassified 45 I ,.,. DOT , 1700.7 ..... , 6UIDELUIES FOR INSTALLING TRAFFIC SIGIIALS AT DIMOII) IITERCHAIIGES by Myung-Soon Chang Assistant Research Specialist and Carroll J. Messer Research Engineer Research Report Number 344-1 Research Study Number 2-18-83-344 Sponsored by Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation In Cooperation with U. S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas November 1984 ABSlltACT This report presents the find.ings from a research project entitled "Guidel ines for Diamond Interchange Control," sponsored by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. The report contains the data collection methods and procedures employed in the study to evaluate the operational effects of stop sign and signal contro 1 at di amond interchanges. An assessment of traffic control alternatives is described in terms of operational effects of queues and travel speed. Guidelines for signalization at diamond interchanges are provided in terms of internal volume, left turn proportion within internal volume, and the sum of internal and external volume. The specific traffic volume guidelines were developed based on a combination of these variables affecting operational performance. KEY WORDS: Diamond Interchange, Traffic Control, Stop Sign, Signal Guidelines. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The continued demand for efficient traffic control at diamond interchanges requires that effective traffic control strategies be employed. In recognition of this need, the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT) sponsored a cooperat~ve research project with the Texas Transportation Institute entitled, "Guidelines for Diamond Interchange Control." This report describes Phase 1 research results concerning the relative performance of stop sign or signal control at diamond interchanges. The first major section of this report describes the types of traffic control at diamond interchanges. The four sites studied are then described in terms of their locations, geometric features, and traffic characteristics. In addition, data collection methods and procedures employed for the study are described. A detailed discussion of the operational effects of stop sign and signal control at diamond interchanges is presented in a subsequent section. General descriptions are presented of the traffic volumes, traffic queues, and speed characteristics observed for both stop sign and signal control at the four diamond interchanges. An assessment of traffic control alternatives is described in terms of operational effects on queues and travel speed. Guidelines for signalization control at diamond interchanges are provided in terms of internal volume, the proportion of left turns within internal volume, and the sum of internal and external volumes. The specific traffic volume guidelines for installing signals at diamond interchanges were developed based on a combination of these variables affecting operational performance. iii IMPLEMENTATION The operational effects of stop.sign and signal control provided in this report should be useful for guiding the selection and operation of traffic control at diamond interchanges. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Texas Transportation Institute wishes to express its appreciation to the following individuals and organizations for their help in providing assistance, cooperation, and technical comments for the study: Herman E. Haenel, Alvin R. Luedecke, Blair G. Marsden and Henry A. Thomason, Jr., Austin Headqua rters of, the Texas State Depa rtment of Hi ghways and Pub 1; c Transportation; Stephen L. Cohen, Federal Highway Administration; traffic engineers and technicians in the cities of Abi lene, Houston and Fort Worth; and in Districts 2, 8 and 12 of SDHPT. DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the opinions, findings, and conclusions presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration, or the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, a specification, or a regul at ion. iv TABLE OF COITENTS Abstract • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • i i Executive Summary ••••••••••••••••••••• • iii Introducti on • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Experimental Plan and Analysis Approach. • • • • • • • • • • 4 Study Results • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 Conclusions. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Recommendations • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 36 References • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 31 v LIST OF TABLES No. Title 1. Study Design Conducted for Diamond Interchange Traffic Control Alternative Evaluation ••••• • • • • •• 5 2. Operational Performance Data Collected at Study Sites ••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • 8 3. Ranking of Four Interchanges by Observed Total Interchange Hourly Volume Per Lane •••••• • • • • • • • 13 4. Traffic Control Alternative Performance Based on Queue Only as Related to Total Interchange Volume. 21 5. Guidelines for Installing Traffic Signals at Diamond Interchanges • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 6. Simplified Guidelines for Installing Traffic Signals at Diamond Interchanges ••••••••••••• • • • • • 30 7. MUTCD Minimum Vehicular Volumes for Warrant 1 ••••• • • • 32 vi LIST OF FlUES No. Title . Page 1. Travel Time Recording Form .. .. .. 7 • • " .. • • • • • • .. • • 2. Queue Versus Volume by Stop Sign and Signal Control in Abilene, Texas • • • .. • • .. • .. .. .. .. • • • .. • • • • • 16 3. Queue Versus Volume by Stop Sign and Signal Control in Houston. Texas • • • • • • • • .. .. • • .. .. .. • • .. .. .. • 17 4. Queue Versus Volume by Stop Sign and Signal Control • .. • • 20 5. Travel Speed Versus Volume for Arterial Through Traffic by Stop Sign and Signal Control •••• • • • • • • 23 6. Travel Speed Versus Volume for Left Turn Traffic by Stop Sign and Signal Control ......... .. • • • • • 24 7. Adjustment Effect of Queue and Travel Speed .. • • • • • • 28 vi; IITROOUCTIOft Diamond interchanges are widely used in urban areas as a means to transfer freeway traffic to and from the surface street system. The selection of the proper traffic control system for each diamond interchanges is a challenging task for the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation (SDHPT). When and where to use stop signs or signals for traffic control at a significant number of diamond interchanges is a principal concern. Thi s report dea 1s with the complex subj ect and seeks to provi de useful information for guiding future engineering decisions in the selection of the appropriate diamond interchange control method. This section will review the types of diamond interchange controls and their impacts on traffic operations at diamond interchanges. This perspective may be helpful in evaluating the present alternative traffic control strategies and in planning for future needs. STUDY PROBLEM STATEMENT There are two types of traffic controls - stop signs and traffic signals
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