On the Prospects of Near Earth Asteroid Orbit Triangulation Using
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Alactic Observer
alactic Observer G John J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 14, No. 2 February 2021 International Space Station transit of the Moon Composite image: Marc Polansky February Astronomy Calendar and Space Exploration Almanac Bel'kovich (Long 90° E) Hercules (L) and Atlas (R) Posidonius Taurus-Littrow Six-Day-Old Moon mosaic Apollo 17 captured with an antique telescope built by John Benjamin Dancer. Dancer is credited with being the first to photograph the Moon in Tranquility Base England in February 1852 Apollo 11 Apollo 11 and 17 landing sites are visible in the images, as well as Mare Nectaris, one of the older impact basins on Mare Nectaris the Moon Altai Scarp Photos: Bill Cloutier 1 John J. McCarthy Observatory In This Issue Page Out the Window on Your Left ........................................................................3 Valentine Dome ..............................................................................................4 Rocket Trivia ..................................................................................................5 Mars Time (Landing of Perseverance) ...........................................................7 Destination: Jezero Crater ...............................................................................9 Revisiting an Exoplanet Discovery ...............................................................11 Moon Rock in the White House....................................................................13 Solar Beaming Project ..................................................................................14 -
Jjmonl 1710.Pmd
alactic Observer John J. McCarthy Observatory G Volume 10, No. 10 October 2017 The Last Waltz Cassini’s final mission and dance of death with Saturn more on page 4 and 20 The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 www.mccarthyobservatory.org Allan Ostergren Website Development JJMO Staff Marc Polansky Technical Support It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Bob Lambert has established itself as a significant educational and recreational resource within the western Connecticut Dr. Parker Moreland community. Steve Barone Jim Johnstone Colin Campbell Carly KleinStern Dennis Cartolano Bob Lambert Route Mike Chiarella Roger Moore Jeff Chodak Parker Moreland, PhD Bill Cloutier Allan Ostergren Doug Delisle Marc Polansky Cecilia Detrich Joe Privitera Dirk Feather Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross Louise Gagnon Gene Schilling John Gebauer Katie Shusdock Elaine Green Paul Woodell Tina Hartzell Amy Ziffer In This Issue INTERNATIONAL OBSERVE THE MOON NIGHT ...................... 4 SOLAR ACTIVITY ........................................................... 19 MONTE APENNINES AND APOLLO 15 .................................. 5 COMMONLY USED TERMS ............................................... 19 FAREWELL TO RING WORLD ............................................ 5 FRONT PAGE ............................................................... -
Exploreneos. I. DESCRIPTION and FIRST RESULTS from the WARM SPITZER NEAR-EARTH OBJECT SURVEY
The Astronomical Journal, 140:770–784, 2010 September doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/3/770 C 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. EXPLORENEOs. I. DESCRIPTION AND FIRST RESULTS FROM THE WARM SPITZER NEAR-EARTH OBJECT SURVEY D. E. Trilling1, M. Mueller2,J.L.Hora3, A. W. Harris4, B. Bhattacharya5, W. F. Bottke6, S. Chesley7, M. Delbo2, J. P. Emery8, G. Fazio3, A. Mainzer7, B. Penprase9,H.A.Smith3, T. B. Spahr3, J. A. Stansberry10, and C. A. Thomas1 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; [email protected] 2 Observatoire de la Coteˆ d’Azur, Universite´ de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, BP 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France 3 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-65, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 4 DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany 5 NASA Herschel Science Center, Caltech, M/S 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 6 Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA 7 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA 8 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 9 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pomona College, 610 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA 10 Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Received 2009 December 18; accepted 2010 July 6; published 2010 August 9 ABSTRACT We have begun the ExploreNEOs project in which we observe some 700 Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) at 3.6 and 4.5 μm with the Spitzer Space Telescope in its Warm Spitzer mode. -
Orbital Stability Assessments of Satellites Orbiting Small Solar System Bodies a Case Study of Eros
Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Thesis report Orbital stability assessments of satellites orbiting Small Solar System Bodies A case study of Eros Author: Supervisor: Sjoerd Ruevekamp Jeroen Melman, MSc 1012150 August 17, 2009 Preface i Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Small Solar System Bodies 4 2.1 Asteroids . .5 2.1.1 The Tholen classification . .5 2.1.2 Asteroid families and belts . .7 2.2 Comets . 11 3 Celestial Mechanics 12 3.1 Principles of astrodynamics . 12 3.2 Many-body problem . 13 3.3 Three-body problem . 13 3.3.1 Circular restricted three-body problem . 14 3.3.2 The equations of Hill . 16 3.4 Two-body problem . 17 3.4.1 Conic sections . 18 3.4.2 Elliptical orbits . 19 4 Asteroid shapes and gravity fields 21 4.1 Polyhedron Modelling . 21 4.1.1 Implementation . 23 4.2 Spherical Harmonics . 24 4.2.1 Implementation . 26 4.2.2 Implementation of the associated Legendre polynomials . 27 4.3 Triaxial Ellipsoids . 28 4.3.1 Implementation of method . 29 4.3.2 Validation . 30 5 Perturbing forces near asteroids 34 5.1 Third-body perturbations . 34 5.1.1 Implementation of the third-body perturbations . 36 5.2 Solar Radiation Pressure . 36 5.2.1 The effect of solar radiation pressure . 38 5.2.2 Implementation of the Solar Radiation Pressure . 40 6 About the stability disturbing effects near asteroids 42 ii CONTENTS 7 Integrators 44 7.1 Runge-Kutta Methods . 44 7.1.1 Runge-Kutta fourth-order integrator . 45 7.1.2 Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg Method . -
Asteroid Regolith Weathering: a Large-Scale Observational Investigation
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2019 Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation Eric Michael MacLennan University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation MacLennan, Eric Michael, "Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5467 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Eric Michael MacLennan entitled "Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Geology. Joshua P. Emery, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Jeffrey E. Moersch, Harry Y. McSween Jr., Liem T. Tran Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Eric Michael MacLennan May 2019 © by Eric Michael MacLennan, 2019 All Rights Reserved. -
Defending Earth: the Threat from Asteroid and Comet Impact
Defending Earth: The Threat from Asteroid and Comet Impact Version A | 05 September 2009 Mr. A.C. Charania President, Commercial Division | SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | [email protected] | 1+770.379.8006 Acknowledgments: Multiple slides from Dr. Clark Chapman, Southwest Research Institute Boulder, Colorado, USA, URL: www.boulder.swri.edu/~cchapman 1 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | www.sei.aero Source: NASA/JPL/Infrared Telescope Facility 2009 Jupiter Impact Event: 19 July 2009 (1 km Sized Object) 2 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | www.sei.aero Source: JPL / NASA Spitzer Space Telescope 95 Light Years Away (Star HD 172555): Moon-Sized Object Impacts Mercury-Sized Object at 10 km/s (5.8+/-0.6 AU Orbit) 3 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | www.sei.aero SPACEWORKS 4 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | www.sei.aero KEY CUSTOMERS AND PRODUCTS 5 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | www.sei.aero DOMAIN OF EXPERTISE: ADVANCED CONCEPTS 6 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | www.sei.aero INTRODUCTION 7 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. (SEI) | www.sei.aero − Asteroid - A relatively small, inactive, rocky body orbiting the Sun − Comet - A relatively small, at times active, object whose ices can vaporize in sunlight forming an atmosphere (coma) of dust and gas and, sometimes, a tail of dust and/or gas − Meteoroid - A small particle from a comet or asteroid orbiting the Sun − Meteor - The light phenomena which results when a meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere and vaporizes; a shooting star − Meteorite -A meteoroid that survives its passage through the Earth's atmosphere and lands upon the Earth's surface − NEO - Near Earth Object (within 0.3 AU) − PHOs - Potentially Hazardous Objects (within 0.025 AU) COMMON DEFINITIONS 8 Copyright 2009, SpaceWorks Engineering, Inc. -
AAS/DPS Poster (PDF)
Spacewatch Observations of Asteroids and Comets with Emphasis on Discoveries by WISE AAS/DPS Poster 13.22 Thurs. 2010 Oct 7: 15:30-18:00 Robert S. McMillan1, T. H. Bressi1, J. A. Larsen2, C. K. Maleszewski1,J. L. Montani1, and J. V. Scotti1 URL: http://spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu 1University of Arizona; 2U.S. Naval Academy Abstract • Targeted recoveries of objects discovered by WISE as well as those on impact risk pages, NEO Confirmation Page, PHAs, comets, etc. • ~1900 tracklets of NEOs from Spacewatch each year. • Recoveries of WISE discoveries preserve objects w/ long Psyn from loss. • Photometry to determine albedo @ wavelength of peak of incident solar flux. • Specialize in fainter objects to V=23. • Examination for cometary features of objects w/ comet-like orbits & objects that WISE IR imagery showed as comets. Why Targeted Followup is Needed • Discovery arcs too short to define orbits. • Objects can escape redetection by surveys: – Surveys busy covering other sky (revisits too infrequent). – Objects tend to get fainter after discovery. • Followup observations need to outnumber discoveries 10-100. • Sky density of detectable NEOs too sparse to rely on incidental redetections alone. Why Followup is Needed (cont’d) • 40% of PHAs observed on only 1 opposition. • 18% of PHAs’ arcs <30d; 7 PHAs obs. < 3d. • 20% of potential close approaches will be by objects observed on only 1 opposition. • 1/3rd of H≤22 VI’s on JPL risk page are lost and half of those were discovered within last 3 years. How “lost” can they get? • (719) Albert discovered visually in 1911. • “Big” Amor asteroid, diameter ~2 km. -
Near Earth Objects As Resources for Space Industrialization
Solar System Development Journal (2001) 1(1), 1-31 http://www.resonance-pub.com ISSN:1534-8016 NEAR EARTH OBJECTS AS RESOURCES FOR SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION MARK SONTER Consultant, Asteroid Enterprises Pty Ltd, 28 Ian Bruce Crescent, Balgownie, New South Wales 2519, Australia [email protected] (Received 11 February 2001, and in final form 13 August 2001*) This paper reviews concepts for mining the Near-Earth Asteroids for supply of resources to future in-space industrial activities. It identifies Expectation Net Present Value as the appropriate measure for determining the technical and economic feasibility of a hypothetical asteroid mining venture, just as it is the appropriate measure for the feasibility of a proposed terrestrial mining venture. In turn, ENPV can obviously be used as a ‘design driver’ to sieve the alternative options, in selection of target, mission profile, mining and processing methods, propulsion for return trajectory, and earth-capture mechanism. 1. INTRODUCTION The Near Earth Asteroids are potential impact threats to Earth, but also a particularly accessible subset of them does provide potentially attractive targets for resources to support space industrialization. Robust technical and economic approaches to evaluation of the feasibility of proposed projects are necessary for assessment of such space mining ventures. This paper discusses the technical engineering and mission–planning choices and shows how the concept of probabilistic Net Present Value can be used to optimize these choices, and hence select between alternative asteroid mining mission designs. The generic mission reviewed envisages a lightweight remote (teleoperated) or semiautonomous miner, recovering products such as water or nickel-iron metal, from highly- accessible NEAs, and returning it to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), for sale and use in LEO, using solar power and some of the recovered mass as propellant. -
THE STRANGE CASE of 133P/ELST-PIZARRO: a COMET AMONG the ASTEROIDS1 Henry H
The Astronomical Journal, 127:2997–3017, 2004 May # 2004. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. THE STRANGE CASE OF 133P/ELST-PIZARRO: A COMET AMONG THE ASTEROIDS1 Henry H. Hsieh, David C. Jewitt, and Yanga R. Ferna´ndez Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 2003 August 7; accepted 2004 January 20 ABSTRACT We present a new investigation of the comet-asteroid transition object 133P/(7968) Elst-Pizarro. We find mean optical colors (BÀV =0.69Æ 0.02, VÀR =0.42Æ 0.03, RÀI =0.27Æ 0.03) and a phase-darkening coefficient ( =0.044Æ 0.007 mag degÀ1) that are comparable both to other comet nuclei and to C-type asteroids. As in 1996, when this object’s comet-like activity was first noted, data from 2002 show a long, narrow dust trail in the projected orbit of the object. Observations over several months reveal changes in the structure and brightness of this trail, showing that it is actively generated over long periods of time. Finson-Probstein modeling is used to constrain the parameters of the dust trail. We find optically dominant dust particle sizes of ad 10 mreleased À1 with low ejection velocities (vg 1.5 m s ) over a period of activity lasting at least 5 months in 2002. The double- peaked light curve of the nucleus indicates an aspherical shape (axis ratio a/b 1.45 Æ 0.07) and rapid rotation (period Prot = 3.471 Æ 0.001 hr). -
Jjmonl 1706.Pmd
alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 10, No. 6 June 2017 Escaping a Black Hole and Telling a Story About it See inside, page 16 The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 www.mccarthyobservatory.org Allan Ostergren Website Development JJMO Staff Marc Polansky Technical Support It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Bob Lambert has established itself as a significant educational and recreational resource within the western Connecticut Dr. Parker Moreland community. Steve Barone Jim Johnstone Colin Campbell Carly KleinStern Dennis Cartolano Bob Lambert Route Mike Chiarella Roger Moore Jeff Chodak Parker Moreland, PhD Bill Cloutier Allan Ostergren Doug Delisle Marc Polansky Cecilia Detrich Joe Privitera Dirk Feather Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross Louise Gagnon Gene Schilling John Gebauer Katie Shusdock Elaine Green Paul Woodell Tina Hartzell Amy Ziffer In This Issue OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT .................................... 4 SUMMER NIGHTS ........................................................... 12 MARE NECTARIS AND BOHNENBERGER CRATER .................. 4 ASTRONOMICAL AND HISTORICAL EVENTS ......................... 12 FIRST ENCOUNTER .......................................................... 5 REFERENCES ON DISTANCES ............................................ 15 OPPORTUNITY RETROSPECTIVE ........................................ -
Jjmonl 1612.Pmd
alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 9, No. 12 December 2016 Water - the elusive elixir of life in the cosmos - Is it even closer than we thought? The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 www.mccarthyobservatory.org Allan Ostergren Website Development JJMO Staff Marc Polansky It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Technical Support has established itself as a significant educational and Bob Lambert recreational resource within the western Connecticut Dr. Parker Moreland community. Steve Allison Tom Heydenburg Steve Barone Jim Johnstone Colin Campbell Carly KleinStern Dennis Cartolano Bob Lambert Route Mike Chiarella Roger Moore Jeff Chodak Parker Moreland, PhD Bill Cloutier Allan Ostergren Doug Delisle Marc Polansky Cecilia Detrich Joe Privitera Dirk Feather Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross Randy Finden Gene Schilling John Gebauer Katie Shusdock Elaine Green Paul Woodell Tina Hartzell Amy Ziffer In This Issue "OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT"............................... 3 COMMONLY USED TERMS .............................................. 17 TAURUS-LITTROW .......................................................... 3 EARTH-SUN LAGRANGE POINTS & JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE 17 OVER THE TOP ............................................................... 4 REFERENCES ON DISTANCES ........................................ -
Investigating the Efficacy of Smallsats for Asteroid Detection
Investigating the Efficacy of CubeSats for Asteroid Detection Conor O’Toole 14204794 Goals • To investigate if CubeSats could be used to detect asteroids which could be classified as Near Earth Objects (NEOs), ie. that will come within 1.5AU of Earth at some point. • A number of factors must be taken into account: • Size limit on asteroids? • Max distance for detections? • One or multiple satellites? • Comparison with ground-based surveys Asteroids • Left-overs from Solar System formation • Primarily located in asteroid belts, but many occupy other orbits • Rate of collision with the planets and moons considered roughly constant • Ample evidence throughout Solar System Figure 1: Surfaces of Mercury, Moon, Mars, along with Barringer Crater in Arizona. [1], [2], [3], [4] NEOs • ~13,000 NEOs currently catalogued • 1km scale would cause destruction on a global scale. • Objects as small as 140m considered a major threat (in light of Chelyabinsk, Tunguska, etc) • Mitigation techniques in development (eg. Gravity tractor, kinetic impactor, etc) Figure 2: NEOs discovered against predicted • Primary concern remains detection values, for a range of sizes. [5] Asteroid Surveys • SpaceGuard (1998-2008) • Prioritised kilometre scale objects • CSS, LINEAR ~ 7,500 discoveries by 2014 ([6], [7]) • ATLAS (late 2015) • Early warning system for objects as small as 120m [8] • MANOS (2013-present) • Study physical parameters [9] • Space-based • NEOSSat, launched 2013 [10] • Sentinel, planned launch 2018 [11] LightForce Simulation • Space debris mitigation proposal [12-14] • Collision avoidance through ground-based laser stations • Simulation predicts roughly 90% reduction in number of collisions in the next year • Currently being extended to 100 years Figure 3: The general technique a LightForce station, either speeding up or slowing down an object to alter it’s orbit.