Why Do We Need Feminist Law? Ebooklet Volume 1

Feminist Law Society Valu=ing Everyone Equally J U N E 2 0 2 0 | V O L U M E N O . 1

Why Do We Need Feminist Law?

Feminist Law Society =2020

OUR AIMS Contents

1. ICON KEY

To examine the law and 2. INTRODUCTION legal profession through 3. FIRST 100 YEARS a feminist lens. 4. STREET HARASSMENT

5. UPSKIRTING & FILMING WITHOUT CONSENT To educate ourselves and others on how to 6. EQUAL PAY incorporate equal 7. DOMESTIC ABUSE practice into study, 8. THE 'REASONABLE' MAN WHO KILLS research, legal work, 9. MYTHS, CONSENT & THE BENCH and everyday life. 10. CYPRUS GANG CASE

To provide others with 11. RAPE PROSECUTION IN THE UK (England and Wales) the tools to recognise, 12. NON - DISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS address, and understand 13. UNDERCOVER POLICING — 'SPYCOPS' the realities of 14. MAKING MISOGYNY A HATE CRIME IN THE UK (England and Wales) inequality. 15. FEMINIST LAW SOCIETY VIRTUAL BOOKSHELF © To create and use 16. CITED ORGANISATIONS resources that are 17. WHY DO WE NEED FEMINIST LAW? VOLUME 1 PLAYLIST — inclusive of diverse Details of the Music linked to every Star on each Page & Spotify learning styles and Link to playlist. needs.

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ICON KEY = Reader guidance: Once clicked, the following symbols will take you to an external source Grey boxes, on each page, exclusively contain bills, legislation, case law, judgments and key commentary.

The main body of each topic page is, Audio / Podcast ideally, read from the top to the bottom of the page, and across rows, from the left to the right of the page, as English Video text would ordinarily be read.

Organisations that use resources in Case Law / Judgment video and in audio formats have been given priority. For instance, if a law firm has produced a podcast about a Legislation topic area, then that law firm gets a mention as well as the podcast to which we have provided a hyperlink. If an organisation has a video/audio Web Page: Article / Document page to cover important areas of a topic, that web page on their site will be hyperlinked to, instead of their Tweet home page.

The sources of all of the quotes Facebook throughout this booklet can be found by following the external links that are hyperlinked to the neighbouring icons. Instagram Or, you can simply copy-and-paste the quote directly into a search engine to find the source online. Music Playlist details of the music linked to every star on each page is on page 17 For those who prefer to listen to music while they study, the star icons on Spotify each page are hyperlinked to a song that relates to the topic area.

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Feminist Law Society Valu=ing Everyone Equally

Westminster Law School is a hub of knowledge, support and inspiration for any About aspiring legal professional, but it has been especially so for those of us who founded the University of Westminster Feminist Law Society there in 2019.

The Head of the Law School, Elizabeth Duff, always has her office door open and This ebooklet was is always hugely receptive, encouraging and kind. This continued support from created and edited by: Elizabeth played a huge part in giving us confidence to form the Society.

Creator & Editor: Not far from Elizabeth's office is the office of the commendable Dr Harriet Maria Gallagher Samuels. Along with Elizabeth, Harriet was another inspirational player in the formation of the UoW Feminist Law Society. Editor: Jacqueline Jahnel The UoW Feminist Law Society Programme of Feminist Law Lectures was inspired by the balanced, skilled and inclusive delivery of modules such as criminal law by Dr Oliver Phillips. Volume 1 Published 29 June 2020 At the time of writing, valued Westminster Law School supervising solicitor and Last updated: 25 December 2020 senior lecturer, Anna Steiner and equally valued senior lecturer, researcher and © director of the University of Westminster Legal Advice Clinic, Hannah Camplin, are developing a crucial project in collaboration with the Centre for Women's Justice and Rape Crisis at the Legal Advice Clinic.

The Academic Liaison Librarian at Westminster Law School, Lorna Rosbottom, has herself been a most valued resource. Before founding both the UoW Feminist Law Society and Feminist Law Society Ltd, Maria approached Lorna with the idea to create a Virtual Bookshelf that consists of feminist law resources in varying formats, and Lorna has supported Maria in making it a reality. It is with the most thoughtful and valued consistent support from Lorna, since early 2019, that the Feminist Law Society Virtual Bookshelf © can be found on Westminster’s Talis Aspire platform. It is freely and publicly available to all.

In the spirit of accessibility, Feminist Law Society has consistently tried to make feminist law accessible for those with varying levels of knowledge and understanding, as well as those with diverse learning styles. We hope to have achieved this with this ebooklet by using varying formats and by keeping information simple and concise. We have endeavoured to avoid linking to resources that are behind paywalls.

Hopefully, this introductory ebooklet will give you some ideas and answers about why we still need feminist law because together we can accelerate society’s understanding of the ever urgent need for feminist law and continue to assist the progression of equality in all areas of the law.

Yours faithfully,

Feminist Law Society

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FIRST 100 YEARS Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919

Centenary: Stories Of Women in Law

'Before the passing of the Solicitors Act 1843 [SA 1843], women were by the common law of p718 p735 England under a general disability, by reason of their sex, to become attorneys or solicitors.' (Joyce J. cited in Bebb v Law Society [1913] EWHC 1).

Gwyneth Bebb sought to establish and assert her 'right to be examined by the Law Society with a First 100 Years: 2018 stories view to her entering the profession of solicitors' (Swinfen Eady L.J) and further asked 'for a compilation declaration that she was a "person" within the meaning of the Solicitors Act, 1848'.

Section 2 of the SA 1843 outlines the requirements for a 'person' to be permitted to act as an Attorney or Solicitor, and Section 48 of the SA 1843 outlines the meaning to be taken from the word 'person' (XLVIII).

Citing section 48 of the Act in Bebb v Law Society at the Court of Appeal, Cozens-Hardy M.R highlighted that 'every word importing the masculine gender only shall extend and be applied to a female as well as a male unless there be something in the subject or context repugnant to such First 100 Years: Lady Hale construction' (Cozens-Hardy M.R). It was, subsequently, asserted that there was 'something in the subject repugnant to the application of that section inasmuch as women never had been solicitors.' (Phillimore L J.).

The judges in the Court of Appeal, declaring that they were unable to depart from well-established precedent at common law, that being that 'no woman has ever been an attorney-at-law' (Cozens- Hardy M.R), while also alleging that the Solicitors Act 1843 conferred 'no fresh and independent right, because it [did] not destroy a pre-existing disability' (ibid), unanimously dismissed the appeal, First 100 Years: Baroness Chakrabarti asserting that 'any change from the ancient practice [ … ] must be effected by Parliament' (Swinfen Eady L.J.).

'The message? That’s just the way it is.' (A woman is not a “person”: A review of Bebb v The Law Society 1914 by Laura Vignoles 2018).

It was only when the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 came into force, that women were finally permitted to enter into the legal profession.

First 100 Years: Spark21 2017 The First 100 Years project was created by Dana Denis Smith to raise awareness of the issues Keynote by Lord Neuberger faced by women during the past century and 'celebrates, promulgates and, most importantly remembers, the pioneering women of the legal profession from 1919 to the present day.'

The Verdict: Law & Society. A Feminist Approach to Practicing Law by First 100 Years: Dame Linda Dobbs at King's College London

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STREET HARASSMENT Gemma and Maya Tutton

Campaign to Make Street Harassment Illegal In the UK Equality Act 2010 Like many others, sisters Gemma and Maya Tutton have been Section 26 subjected to street harassment. The first time Gemma was sexually harassed in the street, she was 11 years old. Together, they started a campaign that seeks to protect women, girls, boys and men alike from being harassed in the streets by making public sexual harassment a criminal offence. 'What is the nature of the problem? @OurStreetsNow 'Public sexual harassment (PSH) is the most common form of What is sexual harassment of women and girls in public places? and girls.Yet it is belittled, ignored and normalised. We want to change that.' A range of definitions of sexual harassment are used by researchers and in 'The campaign "Our Streets law in different jurisdictions. The Equality Now" include[s] anyone who Act 2010 defines it as “unwanted conduct experiences misogyny within of a sexual nature” which has the purpose our movement. Trans* and or effect of “creating an intimidating, gender-diverse individuals hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive are victims of high levels of environment”. public sexual harassment.' Parliament TV Laws do not, however, necessarily reflect Sexual harassment of women and the full breadth of the problem. Women and girls in public places PETITION: girls experience a wide range of behaviours Women and Equalities Committee as sexual harassment, including behaviour 27 June 2018: 9.56am - 12.16pm that is unwanted but not necessarily unlawful as well as and other criminal offences. In this inquiry we have considered all types of behaviour that @PlanUK women experience as sexual harassment, regardless of whether it could be considered an offence.' Plan International UK Marie Laguerre 2018

'Plan International estimates 'Report it to 'Text 61016 or Stop It' call 101 that 66% of girls and young **Your mobile women have been sexually service provider may issue a small harassed in public.' charge'

'Gina Martin , Nihal Arthanayake and Gemma and Maya Global London @iHollaback Tutton discuss society's normalisation of street 'Hollaback! is a global, people- harassment, the impact powered movement to end on those it is perpetrated harassment in all its forms, against and pose working to ensure equal access to solutions that we can all public spaces' BBC Sounds facilitate.'

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UPSKIRTING & FILMING WITHOUT CONSENT Gina Martin & Emily Hunt

'Bill to make upskirting criminal offence blocked ...' Voyeurism (Offences) Act 2019

'Prior to the creation of the new offences The Independent Ministry of Justice UK contained in the Voyeurism (Offences) Act ' 2019, no specific offence of upskirting existed. 'It is a testament to the power of a good argument whose time has come. All The new offences apply in instances when: these women are right that we should not wait around for this legislation, but a. Without consent, a person takes pictures we should make sure that it works.' (Stella Creasy MP) beneath a person's clothing to observe their genitals or buttocks, whether covered or uncovered by underwear b. The offender has a motive of either 'Woman who was told man that filmed her gaining sexual gratification or causing naked without consent could not face humiliation, distress or alarm to the victim charges wins fight for justice' Offenders face up to 2 years in jail, with the The Independent most serious put on the sex offenders register.'

Cardiff sex-filming ruling 'Filming partner without their consent during 'clarifies' voyeurism law sex ruled a criminal offence' 'In a highly unusual development in a criminal 'CWJ director case, Harriet Wistrich the court allowed someone not directly said, "We would like to know why involved in events to intervene in the hearing to develop arguments that consent should be the the CPS chose to R v Richards [2020] argue opposite primary issue when considering cases under BBC News points in two the EWCA Crim 95 seperate cases."' 2003 Sexual Offences Act.' During his submissions, Ms Hunt's Counsel, stated that 'the provisions of Article 8 of the See: R v Richards [2020] EWCA Crim 95 European Convention underpin the suggestion that a person can have a reasonable expectation 'Third party interventions are important if feminists are to hold on to the of privacy even in respect of a place in which gains they have made through the legislative process. Interventions also other people are consensually present. offer an opportunity to build a litigation strategy that will help shape the Furthermore, under the relevant jurisprudence a development of the case law under the person's image and the control of it is a chief Human Rights Act 1998.' attribute of an individual's personality which [ … ] should enjoy protection'

Follow:

Reconstructing the Law of Gina Martin @ginamartinuk 'How can Voyeurism and Exhibitionism Emily Hunt one woman London School of Economics and Political Science - 2016 change the law?' @emilyinpublic

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EQUAL PAY

Samira Ahmed: BBC

Equal Pay Bill [HL] 2019-21 Equality Act . A bill to make provision for a right for employees: 2010 to obtain information relating to the pay of a comparator; to reform remedies and time limits relating to equal pay; to provide a right to equal pay where a single source can rectify unequal pay; to amend the statutory statement of particulars to include equal pay; to provide for requirements on certain employers to publish information about the differences in pay between male and female employees and between employees of different ethnic origins; and for related purposes Employment Tribunal Judgment (2019) 'The [Equality] Act [2010] gives a right to equal pay between women and men for Samira Ahmed v BBC equal work. This covers individuals in the same employment, and includes equality in pay and all other contractual terms.'

'The unanimous judgment of 'A woman’s place is in her Trade Union' the tribunal is that by virtue @The_TUC of the sex equality clause 'Dagenham the terms relating to pay in 'Grunwick the claimant’s contracts for Women’s presenting “Newswatch” dispute: What from 1 October 2012 to 30 Strike' did the September 2018 are modified so as not to be 'How Ford’s striking "strikers in less favourable than the women drove the saris" terms relating to pay in Equal Pay Act' achieve?' Jeremy Vine’s contracts for Reddebrek presenting “Points of View” from 2008 to July 2018.' Jayaben Desai BBC /Getty

'Britain's Equal Pay Scandal' 'Women work an 'BBC facing average of 63 unpaid huge bill for equal pay days because of the cases gender pay gap.' after Samira Ahmed verdict.' BBC Panorama - 2018 The Guardian

Follow: 'We have to walk the talk' Unison @fawcettsociety @unisontheunion Rt Hon Harriet Women's Equality Party #RightToKnow Harman QC MP @WEP_UK Petition: #EachForEqual The Fawcett Society '... I’m calling for women to have the #EqualPay legal "Right to Know" if they are being paid less than a male colleague for doing Video by Cllr Siju Adeoye via equal work.' Twitter

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DOMESTIC ABUSE Evidence - Based Repeated Pattern Of Escalation to Homicide

'CWJ submission to Domestic Abuse Bill Committee 21 May 2020 The need for an offence of non-fatal strangulation' Domestic Abuse Bill 2019-21 @Hopetraining @MillionWomen

GOV.UK 'The government has set out an enhanced version of the landmark Domestic Abuse Bill to Parliament, which will go even further to support TIMELINE: and protect victims and punish perpetrators.' Key UK Developments Relating To 'Domestic abuse Violence Against killings "more than 'COVID-19 double" amid Domestic Abuse Women and Girls Covid-19 During The Crisis' lockdown'

hww.facebook.com /jessicaforenpsych Stocker v Stocker [2019] UKSC 17 A perpetrator of domestic abuse brought a libel claim against his victim because she had written on Facebook that he had 'he tried to strangle [her]'. 'Eight stage 'Men's violence against women is a leading cause of premature death for relationship women globally but research in the UK Family Law Act 1996 Domestic and Europe is limited and unconnected. Part IV Violence Crime progression (as amended by DVCVA and Victims Act The Census significantly 2004) 2004 to homicide' improves upon currently available data by providing detailed comparable data about in the UK since 2009, including Section 76 demographic and social factors and the 'Can you give me Serious Crime Act 2015 methods men selected to kill women. By made coercive control a criminal offence. collating femicides, we can see that these a link to counting MPs call for register to monitor serial killings are not isolated incidents, and domestic abusers many follow a repeated pattern.' dead men?' and stalkers

'Rough sex RIGHTS OF WOMEN: GUIDE TO DOMESTIC defence will VIOLENCE @Wecantconsentto INJUNCTIONS be banned, LEGAL LIVES 'Harriet Harman MP today in #DomesticAbuseBill says justice — Episode 2: Domestic 'TALK RADIO — IS debate, on the horror of rough sex defences and GOV.UK: SOCIAL MEDIA men now literally getting away with murder. minister' Abuse APPLY FOR AN We've got another version of she drove me to kill NORMALISING Voices of INJUNCTION her, it was her fault' CHOKING?' Hope

#YouAreNotAlone

@NCDV_Official @GalopUK @RespectUK @ManKindInit @womensaid @RefugeCharity @EVAWuk

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THE 'REASONABLE MAN' WHO KILLS The Historic Sexist Nature Of Defence Available For Murder

Partial Defences To Murder 'sudden loss of control' vs 'slow burn' cumulative anger Historically, the gendered legal issue was: Voluntary 'sudden loss of control' vs 'slow burn' cumulative anger Manslaughter which had been interpreted in ways which excluded the experiences of battered women.

Coroners and Justice Act 2009 R v Ahluwalia [1992] EWCA Crim 1 ss 55, 56 '[T]he Court accepted that the time lapse could be seen as a "boiling over" period Ahluwalia's experience was made into a film: and as a factual matter that could be left 'Unable to bear the Diminished & Loss of to the jury to determine. [Ahluwalia] won brutality and repeated Control her appeal on the grounds of diminished by her alcoholic Responsibility responsibility based on new psychiatric husband, Kiran s 52 s 54 evidence of her long-standing depression Ahluwalia, a Punjabi due to her experiences of violence and housewife and mother abuse.' of two in London, sets Google Play him on fire and kills 'Provoked' (trailer) him.'

R v Challen 'Emma Humphreys - An Inspiring Legacy' Legally, when is it [2019] EWCA Crim 916 R v Humphreys [1995] 4 All ER 1008 'reasonable' to kill?

'THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE Statute directs when it is “REASONABLE MAN” 'reasonable' (2004) to kill. The second ground on which the appeal was However, the 'defence Challen's appeal was allowed on grounds of new successful has created an important precedent. It seemed to be designed evidence relating to her having been subjected concerns the aspect of the defence of provocation, for men exploding in to decades of coercive control and a new where the jury are directed to consider the anger' (Wistrich 2019), diagnosis of disorders that were undiagnosed at characteristics of the “reasonable man”. This is an rather than for women the time of the killing and trial. Directed by area of law that has expanded over the last twenty who had experienced the Pratibha Parmar years. The “reasonable man” is the yardstick by slow, relentless, psychological torture of and edited by which the jury is supposed to consider what Nicholas ongoing domestic abuse. constitutes reasonable behaviour, as opposed to an 'Assuming that Dr Adshead's diagnosis is correct, Fernandez coercive control is then said to be relevant unreasonable reaction to an act of provocation.' because of the interplay between the disorders and the effect of coercive control.' HALLETT LJ

The court was satisfied that Challen's diagnosis Government may be relevant to both available partial @TheHKF defences. This undermined the safety of consultation Challen's murder conviction. A retrial was on murder ordered and, three months later, the trial was defences dropped. (2008) BBC iPlayer BBC Two - 2020 Centre for Women's Justice - Vimeo Baroness Helena Kennedy Documentary introduces Sally Challen's son, David, a domestic abuse The Case of Sally Challen campaigner. N.B. Case law that predates the 2009 Act no longer applies @David_Challen

Support, fund and follow

@justice4women @SBSisters

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MYTHS, CONSENT & THE BENCH The Family Court

#TheCourtSaid JH v MF Mr Justice Hayden stated, during a safeguarding hearing in the Court of Protection, 'I cannot think of any more obviously fundamental human right than the right of a man to [2020] EWHC 86 have sex with his wife...' (2019)

Shadow policing Minister, Louise Haigh, 'used her parliamentary privilege to challenge Judge Robin Tolson QC's remarks' as it was unjust on the ground of 'procedural irregularity and [...] errors of law' as to require a retrial according to Ms Justice Russell The case concerned an appeal DBE (2020) from the Central Family Court following a fact-finding trial in proceedings for a child arrangements order. The mother alleged that she was the victim of domestic abuse by the father, including allegations of rape. @LegalActionGrp @LouHaigh @CrisMcCurley '[T]he trial judge concludes that JH should have physically resisted. He also Voices of Family Law suggests that “physical House of Commons (2019) House of Commons (2020) coerci[on]” is necessary for a lack of consent, which is incorrect.' 'Spotlight on child protection in 'One stereotype is that rape must involve family courts physical resistance on the part of the A panel of experts will review how the family complainant. Such myths are multi-layered courts protect children and parents in cases of and interrelated. [...] [T]his belief is domestic abuse and other serious offences' Sexual Offences Act (2019) intertwined with the belief that rape must 2003 Specifically, the work will: involve serious physical injury. The criminal Section 1 offence of rape does not require physical examine the courts’ application of resistance or perpetration of physical Practice Direction 12J – this relates to child arrangement cases where violence.' domestic abuse is a factor Assessing Risk of Harm examine the courts’ application of to Children and Parents in ‘barring orders’ which prevent further 'Cuts to legal aid and soaring complex caseloads for Private Law Children Cases: applications being made without leave dedicated social workers are all part of a family court Final Report June 2020 of the court under the Children Act 1989 system under incredible pressure. There needs to be the political will and resource to fix the gather evidence of the impact on the child and victim where child contact is structural problems in order to keep our children safe.' sought by someone alleged to have, or (Louise Haigh 2019) who has, committed domestic abuse or other relevant offences' 'Family judges to take online Assessing risk of harm to children and parents in sexual consent course' private law children cases — progress update

'I speak to victims of domestic abuse, coercive control, stalking, rape. Going into the family courts re- Blue Seat Studios traumatises them Harriet Wistrich and their child, and Victoria Derbyshire 'Sexual consent is simple. We discusses BBC Sounds puts them at Claire Waxman 'a culture of disbelief' should all be clear what Woman's Hour harm.' Victims' Commissioner Time stamp: 16:15 constitutes rape'

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CYPRUS CASE 'They asked me to say that it wasn't a rape'

European Convention on Human Rights #IBelieveHer @FreeHer4Justice

'Cyprus rape case explained: Timeline of 'insight and analysis of @MichaelPolakLaw events...' Cypriot justice' Article 6 @Beyond_Contempt Right to a fair trial 'Patriarchal power structures, existing for 2. Everyone charged with a millennia, criminal offence shall be will not go quietly. This is going to be a presumed innocent until long struggle proved guilty according to law. and one of the first steps in it should be pushing for an overhaul of judicial systems to remove LBC 97.3 FM gender bias 'The Foreign Secretary 'The Cyprus rape case has been a "trial by social media" – the video is "everywhere" which wouldn't have from laws and courtrooms.' has vowed to raise the "deeply happened 10 years ago, says LBC's Rachael Venables.' concerning" case with Cypriot authorities after the 19-year- old woman was convicted of In the arrivals hall, the teens "In this case, her human lying about being gang raped loudly celebrated their rights have been violated by up to 12 Israeli youths release by opening & I find it shocking that neither Europe, the during a stay in the resort of champagne bottles, chanting embassy, or our Ayia Napa in July.' “the Brit is a whore.” Government, feel able to make sure that her rights BBC Victoria Derbyshire via @Beyond_Contempt are being observed" Twitter: 7 Tweet/ video thread

'Ayia Napa 'What the false rape Cyprus rape claim trial: case tells us Briton files about appeal against AP Photo/Philippos Christou justice in conviction' ''I Believe Her' trends on Kate Manne, Bloggingheads.tv AFP News Agency Twitter after woman found Europe' guilty of lying in Cyprus gang- Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny | 'Protest in London in support of rape case' Robert Wright & Kate Manne [The British woman in Cyprus rape Wright Show] claim case'

‘Although the Defence team is very disappointed with the decision of the Court having put a lot of effort into the lengthy trial process and after bringing expert evidence before the Court we are not surprised by the result given the frequent refusal during the trial of the Judge to consider evidence which supported the fact that the teenager had been raped. Shutting down questioning from our Cypriot advocates and the production of evidence into the trial on a handful of occasions the Judge stridently stated "this is not a rape case, Go Fund Me I will not consider whether she was raped or not". ' Help Teen Victim Get Justice In Cyprus

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RAPE PROSECUTION IN THE UK (England and Wales) Failing Victims Of

'CPS faces allegation of dropping rape cases to boost prosecution rates' Sexual Offences Act 2003 'The CPS and 'The Crown Section 1 Rape Ministry of Justice’s Prosecution Service own figures show conducted a secret CONSENT that while rapes internal review that s 74 reported to the exposed its failings [A] person consents if he agrees by police have nearly in rape cases – but choice, and has the freedom and tripled (up by 173%) failed to share it capacity to make that choice. between 2014 and with inspectors who 2019, the number of were conducting an s 75 s 76 cases charged and official inquiry for Evidential Conclusive sent to court is a major government presumptions presumptions about consent about consent actually investigation into down by 51%' rape'

Guardian graphic | Source: Crown Prosecution Service, Violence Against Women and Girls report 2018-19

'The Home Office had sent out, to all police Kaitamaki v The Queen R v Olugboja forces in 2008 telling them not to investigate [1985] AC 147 [1982] 2 QB 320 these crimes because Consent can be Submission in the they were saying that withdrawn. absence of force, these kids were making a Subsequently, the fear or fraud does Three Girls, Netflix lifestyle choice, that they slightest and continuing not constitute consent. were choosing to be Maggie Oliver, Katie penile penetration, in abused' Piper's Extraordinary the absence of consent, @sammywoodhouse1 @nazirafzal @MaggieOliverUK People constitutes rape.

Human Rights Act 'Information Commissioner’s Office Mobile phone data extraction 1998 by police forces in England and Wales Article 3 ARTICLE 8 Investigation report Prohibition of Right to respect for June 2020' torture private and family life Parliament Live TV - Rape Crisis Harriet Wistrich Sky News 2019 Time stamp: 11:04:38 @VictimsComm No one shall be Everyone has the right subjected to torture to respect for his 'In England and Wales, the CPS has been accused of dropping rape cases Help stop or to inhuman or private and family life, his home and his that appear weak. This failure has been described by the director of the women being degrading treatment or punishment. correspondence. Centre for Women's Justice as a "human rights failure". Article 3 of the denied justice Human Rights Act requires "effective" police investigation and after rape prosecution of rape cases.' Pledge now:

'Men are more likely Dr Jessica Taylor 'Holding the state to be raped Freely accessible thesis about to account for than be victim blaming: falsely 'Logically, I know I’m not to blame, but I still violence against accused of feel to blame: Exploring and measuring women and girls' rape' 'When rape victim blaming and self-blame of women cases don't who have been subjected to sexual violence' make it to @DrJessTaylor trial' @HWistrich

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NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS How Victims are Still Being Legally Silenced in the UK

PUBLIC INTEREST DISCLOSURE ACT 1998 #MeToo

'Weinstein’s 'Emma former Thompson: assistant , Harvey [Rowena Chiu] Weinstein top of breaks NDA harassment PROTECTION FOR WHISTLE after 20 years @RonanFarrow BBC Newsnight ladder' BLOWERS CBC News: of silence' The National 'Protected Disclosures Stitcher PART IVA, s43B: Disclosures qualifying for protection 'To make culture change, Tarana Burke we've got to be brave.' '[A] “qualifying disclosure” means any 'The phrase [Me Too] disclosure of information which, in the reasonable belief of the worker making the was first used more disclosure, tends to show one or more of the following— than a decade ago by (a) that a criminal offence has been committed, social activist Tarana is being committed or is likely to be committed, Burke as part of her (b) that a person has failed, is failing or is likely work building solidarity to fail to comply with any legal obligation to which he is subject, among young survivors (c) that a has occurred, is of harassment and occurring or is likely to occur, assault.' UCL Centre for Ethics & Law (d) that the health or safety of any individual has been, is being or is likely to be endangered, Sexual Harassment, NDAs and the (e) that the environment has been, is being or is likely to be damaged, or @TaranaBurke role of Lawyers: Karon Monaghan in conversation with Zelda Perkins (f) that information tending to show any matter Time falling within any one of the preceding @k21fem paragraphs has been, is being or is likely to be deliberately concealed.'

EMPLOYMENT 'Harvey Weinstein found guilty 'Harvey 'Sexual harassment APPEAL TRIBUNAL of rape in watershed case' isn’t just a problem for Weinstein’s celebrities. It’s Stunning happening in ordinary 'The following is a workplaces Downfall: everywhere. It affects Munchkins Restaurant Ltd & statement in 23 Years in Anor v. Karmazyn & Ors response from 23 us too...' @TIMESUPNOW [2010] #Silencebreakers:' Prison' Manager had sexually harassed female BBC News employees leading to their constructive District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr: unfair dismissals. "Weinstein is a vicious, serial sexual predator" Time's Up UK

'Non Disclosure Agreements are legal blackmail used frequently by 'Over half of women have experienced sexual companies to mask abhorrent behaviour' harassment at work. But 4 out of 5 don’t feel able to report it to their employer.' 'Guidance and model policy' #UsToo PETITION:

'SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE 'Sexual harassment at WORKPLACE AND NON- 'CONFIDENTIALITY CLAUSES DISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS' work: 10 myths busted' Response to the 'This podcast focuses '... two thirds of Government on some of the issues Maternity consultation on LGBT+ workers and risks surrounding Discrimination 'We eagerly await the proposals to prevent have experienced misuse in situations of sexual harassment in Gagging Orders Government’s own findings and [sexual harassment encourage them to tackle the workplace harassment the workplace' current cover-up culture as a or discrimination.' in the workplace]...' matter of urgency.' @PregnantScrewed

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UNDERCOVER POLICING — 'SPYCOPS' 'Spycops' in Sexual Relationships With Political Activists

'raped by the state' Human Rights Act 1998

Article 3 Article 8 No one shall be subjected to Right to respect for @out_of_lives inhuman or degrading private and family life treatment

'Spycops in context:' 'Similarly, Special Branch has long functioned to bolster patriarchal relations. For one, the Branch actively worked Sexual Offences Act 2003 Sexual Offences Act 2003 against the s74 Consent s76 Conclusive presumptions Suffragettes, possibly Undercover Research extending the number of about consent years it took for women to 'Spycop Targets: A Who’s Who:' win the vote'

'Women activists were treated as disposable sources of information and 'Welcome to the one-stop spycops shop where we set out the reputation-boosters for infiltrating officers, deceived, key issues at the heart of the undercover political policing lied to and abandoned: a paradigmatic scandal that first hit the news in 2011.' example of state-enforced misogyny.' R (Monica) v DPP R v Gayle Newland Campaign Opposing Police Surveillance: #Spycops [2018] EWHC 3508 Chester Crown Court (QB) Sentencing Remarks 12 November 2015 'This is an application for Newland pretended to be a man 'Police spy should face judicial review of the decision of in order to deceive a woman the [DPP…], confirming an charges for sexual into engaging in an intimate earlier decision not to relationship and was convicted relationship with prosecute ex-DC Andrew of three counts of assault by Boyling for the offences of rape, activist, court told' penetration contrary to the indecent assault, procurement University of Sexual Offences Act 2003, s2. Police Spies of sexual intercourse and Manchester School of This finding confirmed the Out of Lives misconduct in public office.' Law Cops Campaign absence of consent due to this The 'Discussion' of 'Ground 1' deception. The course of (para 48 - 87) of the application, '[Newland] was accused of impersonating a man and was convicted of sexual conduct described, in the within the 'Judicial Review of sentencing remarks of His assault and sentenced to eight years in prison. Here we have an illustration of the Prosecutorial Decisions', Honour Judge Dutton, is not law operating in a clearly [...] grotesquely discriminatory way. What is the explores the existing extensive dissimilar to the conduct of a case law relating to rape, distinction between a woman impersonating a man and a police officer state — sanctioned ‘Spycop’ impersonating an activist?' (Wistrich, Cops Campaign). consent and d