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Catálogo De Los Áfidos (Hemiptera, Aphididae) De Chile, Con Plantas Hospedadoras Y Distribuciones Regional Y Provincial

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Catálogo De Los Áfidos (Hemiptera, Aphididae) De Chile, Con Plantas Hospedadoras Y Distribuciones Regional Y Provincial Graellsia, 72(2): e050 julio–diciembre 2016 ISSN-L: 0367-5041 http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2016.v72.167 CATÁLOGO DE LOS ÁFIDOS (HEMIPTERA, APHIDIDAE) DE CHILE, CON PLANTAS HOSPEDADORAS Y DISTRIBUCIONES REGIONAL Y PROVINCIAL Juan M. Nieto Nafría1, Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras2, Marta Castro Colmenero3, Marta Aldea Piera4, 5 6 Jaime Ortego & M. Pilar Mier Durante 1Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología. Universidad de León. 24197 León (España); [email protected] 2Universidad de Talca. Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones evolutivas en agroecosistemas – Núcleo Milenio (CEM). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Casilla 747. Talca (Chile); [email protected] 3Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología. Universidad de León. 24197 León (España); [email protected] 4Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología. Universidad de León. 24197 León (España); [email protected] 5INTA EEA Mendoza. San Martín, 3853. 5507 Luján de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina); [email protected] 6Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, área de Zoología. Universidad de León. 24197 León (España); [email protected] RESUMEN Se han revisado críticamente las citas en Chile de especies y subespecies de áfidos (Aphididae) contenidas en 139 contribuciones científicas. Se añaden citas de numerosas especies a partir de especímenes de las colecciones del Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (París, Francia), del Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) (Santiago de Chile, Chile), del Natural History Museum (Londres, Reino Unido), de las universidades de León (España) y Talca (Chile) y de J. Ortego (Mendoza, Argentina). El catálogo afídico chileno queda formado por 169 especies y subespecies, quedando excluidas de él Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus, Aphis medicaginis, Aphis rumicis, Dysaphis apiifolia petrose- lini, Lipaphis erysimi y Uroleucon aaroni. Se citan por primera vez en América del Sur Aphis rubicola, Brachycaudus amygdalinus e Illinoia pepperi. Se citan por primera vez en Chile Aphis forbesi, Aphis senecionicoides, Hyadaphis passerini, Hyperomyzus carduellinus, Illinoia azaleae, Neotoxoptera oliveri y Pentalonia nigronervosa. Se dan más de un centenar de primeras citas regionales o provinciales de especies. Se presenta por primera vez la relación de plantas hospedadoras de los pulgones citados en el país. Se comentan las composiciones de las afidofaunas regio- nales y provinciales. Se ofrece una valoración de los componentes alóctono y autóctono de la afidofauna chilena. Palabras clave: Áfidos; pulgones; Aphididae; Chile; catálogo; plantas hospedadoras; distribución. ABSTRACT Catalogue of aphid species (Hemiptera, Aphididae) of Chile, with host plants and regional and provincial distributions Records of the aphid species and subspecies contained in 139 scientific contributions have been revised. New records of many species are presented from specimens conserved in the collections of Muséum natio- nal d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France), the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) (Santiago, Chile), the Natural History Museum (London, U.K.), the universities of León (Spain) and Talca (Chile) and of J. Ortego (Mendoza, Argentina). The Chilean aphid-catalog is composed of 169 species and subspecies; Aphis (Toxoptera) citrici- dus, Aphis medicaginis, Aphis rumicis, Dysaphis apiifolia petroselini, Lipaphis erysimi and Uroleucon aaroni are excluded from the catalog. Aphis rubicola, Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Illinoia pepperi are first recorded from South America. Aphis forbesi, Aphis senecionicoides, Hyadaphis passerini, Hyperomyzus carduellinus, Illinoia azaleae, Neotoxoptera oliveri and Pentalonia nigronervosa are also recorded for first time from Chile. More a hundred new regional and provincial records are given. Host plant list of aphids recorded in Chile are presented for first time. The compositions of Chilean regional and provincial aphidfaunas are discussed. An eva- luation of the allochthonous and autochthonous components of the Chilean aphidfauna is presented. Key words: Aphids; Aphididae; Chile; catalogue; host plants; distribution. Recibido/Received: 4/04/2016; Aceptado/Accepted: 2/09/2016; Publicado en línea/Published online: 19/10/2016 2 Nieto Nafría, Fuentes-Contreras, Castro Colmenero, Aldea Piera, Ortego & Mier Durante Cómo citar este artículo/Citation: Nieto Nafría, J. M., Fuentes-Contreras, E., Castro Colmenero, M., Aldea Piera, M., Ortego, J. & Mier Durante, M. P. 2016. Catálogo de los áfidos (Hemiptera, Aphididae) de Chile, con plantas hospedadoras y distribuciones regional y provincial. Graellsia, 72(2): e050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2016.v72.167 Copyright: © 2016 SAM y CSIC. Salvo indicación contraria, todos los contenidos de la edición electrónica de Graellsia se distribuyen bajo licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento no Comercial 3.0. España (cc-by-nc). Introducción (Nieto Nafría & Favret, 2011), y quedan por lo tanto filoxéridos y adélgidos fuera del catálogo. Para las Los datos faunísticos aparecen no solamente en las subespecies se ha seguido el criterio de Blackman & publicaciones de temáticas faunística (estudios de taxo- Eastop (2016). Los nombres válidos de las especies y faunas de territorios de extensión variada) o taxonómica de las subespecies se han ajustado al catálogo en línea (establecimiento de nuevas especies o descripciones o Aphid Species File (Favret, 2014) y las referencias de redescripciones de formas) sino también en publicacio- autores y publicaciones de los géneros y subgéneros nes de entomología aplicada, de agronomía (incluyendo pueden hallarse en Nieto Nafría et al. (2011). los avisos de especies de interés agrícola), de ecología o de estudios filogenéticos. Esta dispersión es un obs- táculo evidente para el buen conocimiento de las faunas registrOs bibliOgráficOs cualquiera que sea su ámbito geográfico de referencia; obstáculo que solamente puede salvarse con trabajos de Para establecer los registros de las especies de pulgo- recensión o con catálogos, como los de Smith & Cermeli nes (Aphididae) en Chile se han examinado más de 150 (1979), referido a América al sur de la frontera estado- publicaciones (en papel o en la red) y se ha extraído infor- unidense mexicana, o los de Fuentes-Contreras et al. mación de las 139 siguientes (2 del siglo XIX, 9 de la (1997) y Anónimo (2010), referidos a Chile, y como el primera mitad del siglo XX, 82 de su segunda mitad y 46 que aquí se presenta, también referido a Chile. de estos primeros años del siglo XXI): Le Feuvre (1875), La primera referencia de un áfido en Chile se debe a Philippi (1885), van der Goot (1912), Porter (1916, Le Feuvre (1875), quién informó de la presencia en el 1917, 1922, 1923), Mújica (1941), Capdeville (1945), país de Schizoneura lanigera (actualmente Eriosoma Olalquiaga Fauré (1944, 1946), Campos (1953), Essig lanigerum (Hausmann), el pulgón lanígero del manzano) (1953), Caltagirone (1957), Commonwealth Institute desde aproximadamente 1850. Una década después, of Entomology (1964a, 1964b), Rojas (1966), Zúñiga Philippi (1885) hace un recuento de las especies conoci- (1967a, 1967b, 1967c, 1968), Commonwealth Institute of das en Chile en ese momento que se consideraban intro- Entomology (1968), Hille Ris Lambers (1968), Richards ducidas y menciona a Aphis rosae Linnaeus (actualmente (1968), Commonwealth Institute of Entomology (1969, Macrosiphum rosae) y de nuevo al pulgón lanígero del 1971a, 1971b, 1971c), Lara & Zúñiga (1969), Apablaza manzano. Años después, van der Goot (1912) publicó (1973), Apablaza & Tiska (1973), Campos & Peña (1973), la descripción de una nueva especie, Aphis citricola Carrillo (1974), Carrillo & Zúñiga (1974), Carrillo et al. (actualmente sinónima de A. fabae Scopoli), a partir de (1974), Carrillo & Mellado (1975), Commonwealth ejemplares recogidos sobre un cítrico indeterminado en Insitute of Entomology (1975), Hille Ris Lambers (1975), una localidad chilena sin precisar. La siguiente contribu- Starý (1976), Zúñiga & Suzuki (1976), Carrillo (1977), ción, de Porter (1916), es muy peculiar, pues informa de Baltra (1979), Smith & Cermeli (1979), Commonwealth la depredación de Leptasthenura aegithaloides (Kittlitz, Institute of Entomology (1979), Carrillo (1980), 1830) (Aves, Passeriformes, Furnariidae) sobre pulgo- Cortázar Sagarminaga (1980), Herrera & Quiroz (1980), nes, cuya identificación no proporciona el autor y que Quiroz (1980), Suzuki (1981), Vargas (1981), Vargas & no es posible establecer ahora, quizás alguna especie de Suzuki (1984), Commonwealth Institute of Entomology Macrosiphum o Aulacorthum. Las más recientes aporta- (1986), CAB International Institute of Entomology ciones al conocimiento de la fauna de pulgones de Chile (1986), Quiroz et al. (1986), Zerené et al. (1988), CAB son las de Nieto Nafría et al. (2015) sobre la ausencia International Institute of Entomology (1989), Gerding de Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy) en Chile y de & Figueroa (1989), Gerding et al. (1989), Zúñiga & López Ciruelos et al. (2016) con la descripción de Aphis Aguilera (1989), Quednau (1990), Charlín (1991), maulensis Mier Durante & García-Tejero. International Institute of Entomology (1991), Gerding & Norambuena (1991), Henríquez (1991), Norambuena & Gerding (1991), Prado (1991), Remaudière et al. (1993), Material y métodos Starý (1993), Aguilera & Ortega (1994), Aguilera et al. (1994), Blackman & Eastop (1994), Quednau & Organización del catálOgO Remaudière (1994), Remaudière
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