Index to Common and Scientific Names of Species

Common Namel (Scientific Name) Disease Pathogens heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Baculoviridae (Nuclear African swine feve~, Iridoviridae, 304 Polyhedrosis Virus), 154, 198 annosus root disease (Heterobasidion annosum = Fomes hog cholera (European swine fever), Flaviviridae unnosus), 6, 301 (Pestivirus), 68 black stem rust (Puccinia grarninis), 207 Karnal bunt fimgus (Tilletiu indica), 175 bluetogue virus, Reoviridae (Orbivirus), 176 LaCrosse encephalitis, Bunyaviridae (Bunyavints), 81 bT (Bacil/us thuringiensis), 153-6, 160, 196, 198,284 larch canker (Luchnelhda spp.), 6, 301 burrowing nematode (Radopholus sirnilis), 262 malaria, caused by (Plasmodti spp.), 253, 304 chestnut blight (Cryphonecrria parasitic), 58, 66, 74, 118, needle cast (i%.fycospaereila laricina), 105 179 oak wilt disease (Ceratocystis fagacearum), 74 chrysanthemum rust (Puccinia ch~’santhemi = P. tanaceti), peanut stripe virus, Potyviridae (Potyvirus), 50,84, 180 37 pine sawfly nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Baculoviridae chrysanthemum white rust (Puccinia horiana), 82, 105 (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus), 198 citrus canker (Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri), 104, 139, pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus spp. B. lignicolus), 175,207, 262, 264 6,288,301 citrus nematode (Tylenchu[us semipenetrans), 262 Port-Orford cedar root disease (Phytophthora lareralis), 179 corn cyst nematode (Heterodtera zeae), 105 potato virus y—necrotic strain (n), Potyviridae (Potyvirus), crown gall disease (Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens), 198 105 dengue fever, Flaviviridae (Flavivirus), 70, 81,262 Rift valley fever virus, Bunyaviridae (Phlebovirus), 304 dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructive), 52 rust fungus (on chrysanthemum)---see chrysanthemum white Dutch elm disease (C’eratocystis ulmi = Ophiostoma ulmi), rust 66,88,98, 118, 179 smut fungus (on rice) (Ustilago esculenta), 82, 105, 227 eastern equine encephalitis, Togaviridae (Alphavirus), 81, soybean rust fungus (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), 6, 115, 301 70, 262 swine flu, Orthomyxovitidae (Orthomyxovirus), 52 Eastern filbert blight (Anisogramma anomala), 184 tomato spotted wilt virus, Bunyaviridae (Tospovirus), 160 foot and mouth disease, Picornaviridae (Aphthovirus), 6, tussock moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Baculoviridae 126, 141,301 (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus), 198 golden nematode (Globodera rosrochiensis), 81,91, 176 wheat rust fungus (Puccinia recondite), 65 ~sy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Baculoviridae white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), 66, 118, 179 (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus), 154, 198 yellow fever, Flaviviridae (Flavivkus), 70

1 Only scientific names are listed for species that do not have generally accepted common names and for most of the species for which no common names were provided in the original references. 2 For most viruses, scientific names at the species level are not formally recognized, nor have problems in nomenclature been resolved. OTA lists viruses by their family, followed by genus when it is available,

371 372 I Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States

(Agrobacterium radiobacter), bacteria, 198 black parlatoria scale (Parlatoria ziziphi), 101 (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), bacteria, 268,276 blow fly (Chrysomya megacephala), 101 (Aschochyta rabiei = Phoma rabiei), blight on chickpeas, blue gum psyllid (Ctenarytaina eucalypti), 101 104 boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), 6,10,37,65,126,148-9, (Bacil[us lentimorbus), bacteria, 198 154, 156, 176,301 (Bacillus popilliae), bacteria, 154, 198 bollworm-see cotton bollwonn (Bacillus sphaericus), bacteria, 198 budworrn (Choristoneura spp.), 198 (Bonamia ostreae), oyster parasite, 288 bumble bee (Bombus spp.) 49 (Colletotrichum gloeosprioides), fungus, 198 burrower bug (Aethus nigritus) 101 (G/ioc/adium virens), fungus, 198 cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 274 (Hirschrnanniella spp.), nematode, 227 Caribbean fruit fly (Anastrepha suspensa), 207 (L.ugenidium gigantium), fungus, 154, 198 cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum), 61, 101 (Mytilicola orientalism), copepod parasite, 80 cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus), 58 (Nosema Iocustae), protozoa, 154, 198 chestnut weevil (Curculio elephas), 140 (Perilitus coccinellae, wasp parasite, 49,90 citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi), 262 (Phytophthora palrnivora), fungus, 154, 198 convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia convergent), 49, 90 (Pseudomonas fluorescent), bacteria, 198 cotton boll weevil-see boll weevil (Puccinia carduorum), rust fungus, 82, 105 cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea), 146, 154, 198 (Puccirzia chondrillina), rust fungus, 56 diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), 89 (Pythium spp.), 198 Douglas fu tussock moth (Orgy iapseudotsugata), 198 (Rhizoctonia spp.), 198 eucalyptus longhorn borer (Phoracantha semipunctata), 102 (Spiroplasma spp.), 273 eucalyptus psyllid (Ctenarytaina spp.), 102 (Subanguina picridis), nematode, 82, 105 eugenia psyllid (Trioza eugensae), 102 (Trichoderma harzianum), fungus, 198 Eurasian lace bug @ictyfa echii), 78 (Trichoderma polysporum), fungus, 198 European barberry fruit maggot (Rhugoletis meigenii), 102 European com bonx (Ostrinia nubilalis), 176 (Trypanosoma cruzi), protozoa, 304 European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), 1,4-5, 17,33,37, 50,57,59,67,69,85,87, 91,99, 105, 119, 146-7, 150, Insects and Arachnids 154, 157, 174, 176, 178-9, 181, 184, 195, 198,206,252 African honey bee (Apismellifera scutellata), 4,6,17,37,46, European honey bee (Apis melhfera), 37,56,90, 144-5,175, 50,57,59,69,83,88,101, 144-5,176,181,199,229, 263, 229 301,305 European violet gall midge (Dasineura afinis), 102 alfalfa blotch leafrniner (Agromyzafiorztella), 126 false codling moth (Cryptophlebia leucotreta), 140 alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), 66 f~e ant-see imported fm ant American elm bark beetle (Hylurgopinus rufipes), 88 forest cockroach (Ectobius sylvestris), 102 apple errnine moth (Yponomeuta rnalinella), 101, 206 fuchsia mite (Aculopsfichsiae), 102 apple pith moth (Blasrodacna atra), 101 German cockroach (Blattella germanica), 57 apple sucker (Psylla mali), 101 grass webworm (Herpetogramrna Iicarsisalis), 243 Argentine ant (Zridomyrmex humilis), 91,240 green wattle psyllid (Acizzia nr. jucunda), 102 armywonm (Pseudaletia unipuncta), 237, 243 guava fruit fly (Bactrocera correcta), 102 ash whitefly (Siphoninus phyllyreae), 9, 101, 152 gypsy moth-see European gypsy moth Asian cockroach (Blattella asahinai), 91, 101 honey bee-see European honey bee Asian gypsy moth (Lymuntria dispar), 6,37-8,41,80, 101, honey bee tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi), 66,90, 102, 181 105, 112, 117-9,206, 301 honey bee varroa mite (Varroa jacobson~~, 37,66,90, 102, Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), 8,46,69,80-1,88, 175,207 101, 112, 144, 148, 165, 199, 200,261-3 imported f~e ant (So/enopsis invicta, S. richteri), 4, 10, 57, avocado mite (0/igonychus persae), 101 59,63,69-70,91,99-100, 148-9, 176, 184,262 bagoine weevil (Bagous afirzis), 264 imported klarnathweed beetle (AgasicZes hygrophila), 9, 152 Bahamian mosquito (Aedes bahamensis), 101 Japanese beetle (PopiZlia japonica), 91, 154, 184, 198,207 baileyana psyllid (Acizzia acaciae-baileyanae), 101 khapra beetle (Trogoderma granariurn), 175 balsam wooly adelgid (Adelgespiceae), 66,71, 179 leaf-mining fly (Hydrellti pakistanae, H. spp.), 264 banana moth (Opogona sacchari), 101 lesser apple worm (Enorrninia prunivora), 289 beach fly (Procanace dianneae), 101 lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus), 242, 250 Index to Common and Specific Names of Species 1373

lichen moth (Lycomorphodes sordida), 102 wax moth (Galleria melionella), 198 longhorn beetle (Tetrops praeusta), 102 western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentals), 160 Malaysian fruit fly (Bactrocera /a@wns), 244 western yellow jacket (Vespula pensylvanica), 240 mason bee (Osmia cornuta), 82 wheat bulb maggot (DeZia coarcta?a), 104 medfly-see Mediterranean fruit fly yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), 304 Mediterranean fruit fly (Cerutitis capirata), 6,8-9,37,48,57, yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha fla)a), 243, 245, 250 65,89, 126, 139-40, 144-5, 152, 154, 160, 175, 181,204, 237, 243-4, 249, 251, 262, 264, 301 (Agonopterix alstroemeriana), moth, 103 Meditemanean mint aphid (Eucarazzia elegans), 102 (Allococcus spp.), mealybug, 102 melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae), 237, 243JI (Amaurorhinus bewickianus), weevil, 104 Mexfly-see Mexican fruit fly (Arnbrosiodmus Lwisi), beetle, 101 Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens), 177 (Anchastus augusn’, beetle, 102 monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), 75 (Anophe/es spp.), mosquito, 304 nesting whitefly (Paraleurodes minei), 103 (Anthrenus pimpinellae), beetle, 102 New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax), 154 (Anthribus nebufosus), scale predator, 103 nine spotted ladybird beetle (CoccinelZa novernnotata), 61 (Araptus dentifions), beetle, 101 nun moth (Ljvnantria monacha), 6, 118, 301 (Aspidomorpha transparipennis), beetle, 104 Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis), 237,2434 (A[hrips moujfetella), moth, 103 peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata), 103 (Athrips rancideila), moth, 103 pear thrip (Taeniothrips inconsequent), 67, 181 (Bembidion bruxellense), beetle, 102 pepper tree psyllid (Calophya schini), 103 (Bembidionproperans), beetle, 102 pine sawfly, (Neodiprion spp.), 198 (Brachyderes incanus), weevil, 104 pine shoot beetle (Tomicuspiniperda), 103 (Brachydeutera longipes), fly, 104 pink bollworm (Pectinophora go,wypiella), 66 (Ceratocapsus nigropiceus), plant bug, 103 pirate bug (Braschysteles panicornis), 103 (Chaetocnema concinna), beetle, 102 poinsettia whitefly-see sweet potato whitefly (Chelostoma campanularum), bee, 103 potato leafhopper (Empoascafabae), 304 (Chelostomajidiginosum), bee, 103 privet sawfly (Macrophya punctumalbum), 103 (Chilacis typhae), seed bug, 103 red clover seed weevil (Tychius stephensi), 103 (Chramesus varius), beetle, 101 Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia), 4,50,58-9,65-6,79, (Chrysolinafasfuosa), beetle, 102 98, 103, 175-6, 181, 184 (Clitostethus arcuatus), beetle, 9, 152 seed head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus), 9, 152 (Coccotr)pes robustus), beetle, 101 seven spotted lady beetle (Coccinella septempunctata), 61 (Coccotrypes }wlgaris), beetle, 101 Siberian elm aphid (Tinoca/lis zelkowae), 104 (Coenonica puncticollis), beetle, 103 southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus acletus), 100, 258, 262 (Coieophora deauratella), moth, 102 spider wmp (A14pk~pus carbonarius), 104 (Coleophora colutella), moth, 102 spindletree ermine moth (Yponomeutu cagnage[la), 104 (Decadiomus bahamicus), beetle, 102 spruce bark beetles (Zps typographus and others), 6, 104,301 (Delphacodesfulvidorsum), planthopper, 102 sugar cane beetle borer (Rhabdoscelus obscurus), 242 (Delta campanforrne rendalfi), wasp, 103 sugar cane leafhopper (Perkinsie//a saccharicida), 242 (Ectobius Iapponicus), cockroach, 102 stink bug (Pellaea srictica), 104 (Encarsia partenopea), wasp, 9, 152 sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), 103, 105, 143, 160, (Epi/ampra maya), cockroach, 102 181 (Erista/inus taeniops), fly, 102 tatarica honeysuckle aphid (Hyadaphis lataricue), 104 (Eupteryx arropunctata), leafhopper, 102 tawny mole cricket (Scap(eriscus vicinus), 100, 258, 262 (Gabrius astutoides), beetle, 103 tracheal mite—see honey bee tracheal mite (Gnamptogenys aculeaticoxqe), ant, 101 trifly— see melon fly, Mediterranean fmit fly, and oriental (Grapholita delineana), moth, 103 tiuit fly (Greenidiaformosana), aphid, 101 tristania psyllid (Ctenarytaina Iongicauda), 104 (Grjpotes puncticollis), leafhopper, 102 two-teeth Pityogenes bark beetle (Pityogenes bidentatus), (Harrnonia a~’ridis), beetle, 102 104 (Harmonia quadripunctata), beetle, 102 varroa mite-see honey bee varroa mite (Harpalus rubripes), beetle, 102 waxflower wmp (Aprostocetus spp.), 104 (Hererobostrychus harnatipennis), beetle, 101 374 I Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States

(Heterotaplumbea), beetle, 103 (Tetrastichus haitiensis), wasp, 102 (Hyalopsallus diaphanous), plant bug, 103 (Theoborus solitariceps), beetle, 101 (Ischnoptera bihmata), cockroach, 102 (Thripspabni), thrips, 104 (Ischnoptera nox), cockroach, 102 (Tomicus piniperda), beetle, 80 (Joberrus chrysolectrus), plant bug, 103 (Trechus discus), beetle, 101 (Lusioderma haemorrhoidale), beetle, 101 (Trechus quadristriata), beetle, 102 (Lepthyphantes tenuis), spider, 104 (Triatoma spp.), 304 (Liliacina diversipes), sawfly, 103 (Trochosa ruricola), spider, 104 (Longitarsus luridus), beetle, 102 (Urocerus sah), wasp, 104 (Lyciella rortia), fly, 102 (Vogtia malloi), moth, 9, 152 (Melittiphis alveartus), mite, 103 (Xiphydria prolongata), wasp, 104 (Metriona tuberculata) beetle, 104 (Xyleborus pelliculosus), beetle, 101 (NeobZatre//a detersa) cockroach, 102 (Xylelborus atratus), beetle, 101 (Noctua comes), moth, 103 (Xenylla afin~ortnis), collembolan, 102 (Notiophilus biguttatus), beetle, 102 (Zeta argillaceum), wasp, 103 (Orthocephalus saltator), plant bug, 103 (O~poda opaca), beetle, 103 Invertebrates (mollusks, crustaceans, worms) (Ozamia lucidalis), moth, 101 African giant snail (Achatinafilica), 84,238,258, 2&l (Paracarnus cubanus), plant bug, 103 Asian clam (Corbiculajluminea), 4,50,58-9,67-8,79,86, (Parapristina verticillata), wasp, 58 88,91 (Pheidole tener[~anu), ant, 101 Asian tapeworm (Bothriocephalus opsarichthydis), 71,80 (Pityogenes bidentatus), beetle, 101 Asiatic clam (Corbicula manilensis), 263 (Placopsidella grandis), fly, 104 Atlantic oyster (Crassostrea virginica), 207 (P/inthisus brevipennis), seed bug, 103 (Polistes dominulus), wasp, 103 blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), 291 (Po/istes diminulus), wasp, 103 California sea squirt (Botry/loides diegense), 91 (Prepops cruciferus), plant bug, 103 common periwinkle (Littorea littorea), 71 (Priobium carpini), beetle, 101 decollate snail (Z?umina decollata), 90 (Pristiphora aquilegiae), sawfly, 103 eastern mudsnail-see mud snail (Proba hyalina), plant bug, 103 giant African snail-see African giant snail (Psa/lus albipennis), plant bug, 103 giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), 83, 105 (Psallus lepidus), plant bug, 103 Japanese snail (Ocenebrajaponica), 80 (Psallus variabilis), plant bug, 103 mitten crab (Eriocheir spp.), 22 (Pseudococcus elisae), mealybug, 249 mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta), 71 (Pseudothysanoes securigerus), beetle, 101 opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta), 73 (Rhagio strigosus), 104 Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), 56,80, 83, 151,207 (Rhagio tringarius), 104 Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), 56,85, 105 (Rhinocioa pa/Zidipes), plant bug, 103 periwinkle-see common periwinkle (Rhinoncus bruchoides), weevil, 104 rosy snail (Eughndina rosea), 71, 238 (Rhizedra lutosa), moth, 103 schistosomes (Schistosoma spp.), 69 (Rhizophagusparallelocollis), beetle, 103 slipper limpet (Crepidulafornicata), 288 (Scymnus suturalis), beetle, 102 spiny water flea (Bythotrephes cederstroemi), 105, 194 (Sogatella kolophon), planthopper, 102 water flea (Daphniu spp.), 90 (StaphyZinus brunnipes), beetle, 103 zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, D. spp.), 1, 4-6, 9, (Staphylinus similis), beetle, 103 16-7,19,21,34,41,52, 57,59,67-8,73,81,98, 104,112, (Stethorus nigripes), beetle, 102 138, 145, 152, 157-8, 165-6, 185, 194, 198-9,224,248, (Stheneridea wdgaris), plant bug, 103 291,294,297, 300-1 (Sunius melanocephdus), beetle, 103 (SympZoce morsei), cockroach, 102 (Alcadia striata), clam, 104 (Syrittajlaviventris), fly, 102 (Anodonta spp), mussel, 90 (Tachinus rufipes), beetle, 103 (Argulusjaponicus), copepod, 90 (Technomyrmex albipes), ant, 101 (Ascaris lumbricoides), worm, 304 (Tetraleurodes spp), whitefly, 93, 104 (Biomphdaria spp.), snail, 69 Index to Common and Specific Names of Species 1375

(Cernuella virgatu), snail, 104 northern pike (Esox lucius), 9, 152, 160 (Corophium louistinum), crustacean, 89 Okaloosa darter (Etheostoma okaloosae), 262 (Elimia comalensis = Balcones elimia), 72 Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), 52,297 (Gammarus mucronatus), crustacean, 89 peacock bass—see peacock cichlid (Hernigrapsus sanguineous), crab, 105 peacock cichlid (Cichla ocehlzris), 84, 263 (Orconectes rusticus), crayf~h, 71 piranha, several genera and species, 213 (Orconectes virilis), crayfish, 71 rainbow krib (Pelviachromis pulcher), 104 (Parelaphostrongy los tenuis), worm, 71 rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), 79 (Pha[lodrilus aquaedulcis), aquatic worm, 105 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus myh”ss), 56, 64, 74, 76, 187 (Potamocorbula amurensis), clam, 81, 104 rainwater killfish (Lucania parva), 90 (Potamopyrgus antipodanum), snail, 85,98, 104 razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), 71 (Pseudodiaptomus forbesi), copepod, 105 redstriped eartheater (Geophagus surinamensis), 104 (Pseudodiaptomus inopinus), copepod, 105 round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), 104 (Pseudodiatomus marinus), copepod, 105 xudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus), 90 (Pseudostylochus ostreophagus), flatworm, 80 ruffe (Gymnocephahn cernuus),9, 67, 81, 91, 104, 152, 198 (Ripistes parasitic), aquatic worm, 91 sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), 67, 79.126, 131, 161, (Rumina decoilata), snail, 90 186, 208,269, 297 (Teneridrilus mastix), aquatic worm, 105 shad (Alosa sapidissima), 76 (Theorafiagi/is), clam, 104 sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegates), 6, 88 (Theora lubrica), clam, 81 sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), 90 striped bass (Morone sa.xatilis), 56, 187, 276 Fishes Texas big-scale logperch (Percina macrolepida), 90 alewife ( A[osa pseudotirengus), 79 tilapia (Tilapia spp.), 52 bigeye lates (Lutes mariae), 83 tubenose goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus), 104 bighead carp (Hypophthdmichthys nobilis), 83, 104 walking catfish (Clarias batrachus), 213 blue tilapia (Tilapia aurea), 263 walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), 9, 83, 99, 152 blue-eyed cichlid (Cich!asoma spi!urum), 104 white bass (Morone chrysops), 220 bream, several genera and species, 263 yellowbelly cichlid (Cichlasoma salvini), 104 brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis), 74, 188 zander (Stizostedion lucioperca), 83, 99, 207, 297 brown darter (Etheostoma edwini), 262 zebra danio (Danio rerio), 85, 104 brown trout (Salmo trutta), 56, 64, 74, 228 carp-see common carp (Ancistrus sp.), 104 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytschu), 18, 120, 186 coho salmon (Oncorhychus h“stch), 288 Vertebrates (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds) common carp (Cyprinus carpio), 73, 277-8 African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), 57, 84 cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), 76 American oyster-catcher (Haemaropus palliates), 75, 262 European carp-see common carp anole (Ano/is spp.), 89 European zander—see zander barn owl (Tyto alba), 56 four-spine sticklebacks (Apeltes quadracus), 91 beach mouse (Peromyscuspolionotus phasma), 262 golden trout (Oncorhynchus aquabonita), 64 black-hooded parakeet (ZVandayus nenday), 84 goldfish (Carassius auratus), 57 black iguana (Ctenosaura spp.), 292 grass carp (Ctenophayzgodon idella), 71,73,80,90, 150-1, boa constrictor (Boa constrictor), 84 188, 193,213, 263-4, 271 boa.-see hog green swordtail (Xiphophorus hel[eri), 85 bobcat (Felis ru,s), 84 hybrid bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis), 131 brown-headed cowbird (A4010thrus ater), 71 jaguar guapote (Cichlasoma manaquense), 104 brown tree snake (l?oiga irregulars), 2,5,68,72,76,81,91, kirgemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), 56,90 176, 187.195, 246-8 long tom (Strongylura he@’), 104 bull frog (Rana cutesbeiana), 90 Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus), 104 burro (Equus asinus), 131, 148, 166, 178, 190,204 mosquito fish (Gambusia afinis, Gambusia spp,), 71 Californian condor (Gymnogyps cal~ornianus), 52 Nile perch (Lutes niloticus), 83 cane toad (Bufo nm-inus), 160, 258 376 I Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States

Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus rnaritimus loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), 75 mirabilis), 262 longhorn cattle (Bos taurus), 187 cat (Fe/is caftus), 50, 57, 131, 199, 262 mongoose—see Indian mongoose cattle (Bos raw-us), 3, 78, 189, 236-7, 243 monk parakeet (h4yiopsitta monachus), 84, 258 cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), 237 mouflon sheep (Ovis spp.), 204 chuckar—see chukar partridge Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), 228 chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), 57, 94, 178, 190, 228 mute swan (C’ygnus olor) 228 coyote (Cunis Iutrans), 73, 213 myna bird (Acridotheres tristis), 237 crocodile (Caiman crocodiles), 84 nene (Branta sandvicensis), 236 Cuban brown anole (Anolis sagrei), 257 Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus), 84 desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), 75 nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), 263 dog (Carzisfarni/iaris), 49-50, 57,69, 131, 138, 143, 188, nutria (it4yocaster coypus), 213, 228 199, 236, 248, 251-3,262 Old World blackheaded gull (L.arus ridibundus), 52 donkey-see burro ostrich (Struthio camelus), 141 eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis), 71 palila (Loxioides bailleui), 204,246 English sparrow (Passer domestics), 63,99, 228 pig—see hog European fallow deer (Dama darna), 84 rabbit—see European rabbit European pig—see hog rat (I?attus spp. ), 56, 131, 236, 242, 299 European rabbit (Orycto/agus curzictdus), 33,75, 213, 246, red deer (Cervus elaphus), 141, 217, 220 253 red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus), 243 European starling-see starling red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), 243 feral burro-see burro ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), 57,82,94, 178, feral cat—see cat 190, 228 feral dog—see dog Rocky Mountain goat (Oreamnus americanus), 94 feral European pig—see hog San Juan rabbit—see European rabbit feral goat—see goat scarlet kingsnake (L.umpropeltis triangulum elapsoides), 89 feral hog-—see hog sheep (Ovis aries), 178, 189, 236, 246 feral horse-see horse Sichuan pheasant (Phasianus colchieus), 82 feral rabbit—see rabbit sika deer (Cervus nippon), 57, 71 feral sheep-see sheep snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), 262 Florida panther (Felis concoior coryi), 49, 76, 265 South African oryx (Oryx gazella gazella), 57 giant rat (Cricetrnys gambianus, C’. emini), 292 starling (Sturnus vulgaris), 71, 228 goat (Capra hircus), 7, 61, 148, 151, 178, 189, 204, 236-7, tree frog (Hykz cinerea), 89 240, 246, 268, 271 wild boar-see hog green anole (Anolis carolinensis), 257 wild bumo-see burro grey wolf––see wolf wild hog—see hog grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), 135 wild horse-see horse Guam rail (Rallus owstoni), 76 wild pig—see hog Hawaiian goose—see nene wolf (Canis lupus), 49, 69 Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi), 234 wolffdog hybrid (Canis lupus x C. familiars), 49, 52,69, 71 Himalayan snow cock (Tetraogallus himalayensis), 94 hog (Sus scrofa, Sus scrofa domesricus), 9,33,50,52,61,73, 76, 131, 152, 188,205,218,220,236, 237,240,263,265 Plants horse (Equus caballus), 9, 111, 131, 148, 152, 166, 178, African boxthom (Lycinurn ferocissimum), 303 189-90, 204, 236 African lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), 71 house sparrow-see English sparrow African payal (Salvinia auriculata), 303 Hungarian partidge (Perdix perdix), 228 air potato (Dioscorea buZbifera), 259 Indian mongoose (Iferpestes auropunctatus), 9, 152, 160, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), 52,61, 187,271, 275 236 alkanet-see common bugloss ka.lij pheasant (L.ophuru leucomelana), 246 alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides), 9, 152 key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium), 262 American chestnut (Castanea dentata), 66,74 Kirtland’s warbler (Dcndroiea kirl/andii), 71 Amur maple (Acer ginnala), 84 lion (Punthera Ieo), 212, 218 anchusa—see common bugloss —

Index to Common and Specific Names of Species 1377

Andean pampas grass (Cortuderia jubata), 83 common bugloss (Anchusa oficimdis), 226 animated oat (Avena sterilis), 88 common cordgrass (Spartina anglica), 227 anthurium (Anthuriwn spp. ), 243 common crupina (Crupina vulgaris), 87, 176, 303 apple (Malus dome.mica), 289 common St. Johnswort (Hypericum pe~oratum), 226 Asian fig (Ficus microcarpa), 58 couchgrass (Digitaria spp.), 303 Asian water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), 82 com (Zea mays), 268, 272, 275, 285 Australian pine (C’asuarina equisetfolia), 34,75, 258-9, corn brome (Bromus squarrous), 101 261-4 cornflower (Centaurea cyanus), 89 autumn olive (Elaeagnus urnbelkzta), 88 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (see also--wild cotton), 79, avocado (Persea americanu), 289 146, 149, 155, 239,271-2,275, 278, 284 baby’s breath (Gypsophilapaniculata, G. elegans), 63,83 crabgrass (Digitariu spp.), 57, 61, 271 banana (klusa spp.), 249 cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), 56 banana poka (Passiflora mollissima), 88,236-7,243-4,246, creeping bellflower (Campanula rapunculoides), 83 254 crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum), 65, 71, 75 barberry (Berberis vulgaris), 39,65,207 crimson clover (Trifolium incarmtum), 89 basil (Ocimum basilicum), 235 cudweed (Filago arvensis), 303 beech (Fagus grandiflora), 302 Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria genist~olia dabnatica), 226 Bermuda grass (Cynodon dacfykm), 56,89, 276 dame’s rocket (Hesperis matronulis), 89 bighead knapweed (Centaurea macrocephda), 226 dandelion (Taraxucum oficinale), 557 bird-of-paradise (Strelitzia reginae), 245 devil’s paintbrush-see yellow hawkweed black knapweed (Centaurea nigra), 226 devil’s weed—see orange hawkweed black pine (Pinus nigra), 288 Mse knapweed (Centaurea dij’fusa), 39, 176,226 bladder ketmia-see Venice mallow dodder (Cuscuta spp.), 303 blue devil—see blueweed Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), 55,93, 228 blue spruce (Picea pungens), 228 dwarf snapdragon (Chaenorrhinum minus), 226 blue thistle—see blueweed dyer’s woad (Isatis tinctoria), 88,192,226,305 blueweed (Echium vulgare), 226 early millet (Milium vernale), 80, 101 Bolivian weed potato (Solarium sucrense), 271 eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), 302 bougainvillea (Bougainvillea buttiana), 245 edible fig (Ficus carica), 83 Brazilian elodea (Elodea densa), 227 egeria-see Brazillan elodea Brazilian pepper (Schirzus terebirtthfo!ius), 27,69, 88, 159, eggplant (So[anum rnelongena), 262 258-9, 262, 264 elm (/71mus spp.), 66, 182 bromegrass (Bromus spp.), 50, 52,303 Elsmo Iacebark elm (Ulmusparv~olia), 182 broomrape (Orobanche spp,), 303 English ivy (Hedera helix), 61,75,83 broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus), 243 eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), 75, 227 brown centauxy-see brown knapweed Eurasian waterrnilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), 9,27, 152, brown knapweed (Centaurea jacea), 226 157, 193, 196,230,227 bunchgrass (Schizachyrium condensafum), 73 European buckthom (Rhamnus cathartic), 74 burning-bush-see kochia European gorse (Ulex europaeus), 83,226 cabbage (Brassica oleracea), 89 Europxm viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare), 78 Canada thistle (Cirsium ar}ense), 191 feather-head knapweed (Centaurea trichocephda), 101 candleberry myrtle-see fwe tree field daisy-see oxeyed daisy carrot (Daucus carota sati}’a), 226, 271 field hawkweed-see yellow hawkweed catclaw mimosa (Mimosa pigra pigra), 263, 303 fig tree (Ficus spp.), 263 cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), 17, 39, 63, 73, 89 f~ (Abies spp., 71 chestnut (Casranea sativa), 55, 140 fmball-see kochia citrus (Citrus spp.), 37, 55, 93, 262, 264 fm tree (Myrica faya), 75,237,244 citrus strangler vine (Morrenia odorara), 154, 198 flarneweed —see orange hawkweed clover (Trifoiium carolinianurn, Trifolium spp.), 31, 271 flower-of-an-hour-see Venice mallow coca (Erythro~lum coca), 200 forked fern (Dicranopterisf7exuosa), 101 coconut (Cocos nucifera), 236 forsythia (Forsythia spp.), 56 coffee (Coffea arabica), 241 fountain grass (Permisetum setaceum), 237, 2434 Cogon grass (Imperafa cylindrical), 263 foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), 69, 83 378 I Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States

fimze-see gorse molasses grass (h.ielinis minutiflora), 73 garlic mustard (Alliarti petiolata), 9, 89, 152, 158 multiflora rose (Rosa multi flora), 28, 82, 182, 228 giant cow parsnip-see giant hogweed musk thistle (Carduus nutans), 9, 82, 152, 226 giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), 226 nodding thistl~ee musk thistle ginkgo (Gingko biloba), 57 northern joint vetch (Ae.schynomene virginia), 198 goatweed-see common St. Johnswort Nonvay spruce (Picea abies), 228 gorse—see European gorse oak (Quercus spp.), 71, 255 grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), 140 oats (Avena sativa), 8 @-the-collier-see orange hawkweed oilseed crucifer-see rapeseed hardheads-see brown knapweed oleander (Nerium oleander), 83 Hawaiian raspbemy (Rubus hawaiensis), 235 opium poppy (Papaver somn~erum), 200 hedgeparsley (Torilis arvensis), 226 orange hawkweed (Hieracium aurantiacum), 226 horse-knobs-see brown knapweed orange paintbrush-see orange hawkweed hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), 67,85,88, 126, 193, 196, Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), 74 227, 258-60,262, 264, 266 oxeye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), 226 ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), 75 panicgrass (Panicum spp.), 303 indigobush (Amorpha@ticosa), 226 papaya (Caricapapaya), 140, 241 iris (Iris spp. ), 56 paper bark tree (Melaleuca quinquenervia), 2,5,6, 16,34, Japanese dodder (Cuscatajaponica), 101 41-2,57,63,73-4,99, 126, 154, 181,258-262,264,266, Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica), 62,75,228,271 271,300-1 Parrot’s feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), 227 Japanese millet (Echinochloa crus-galli var. jiumentacea) parrotfeather-see Parrot feather 89 peanut (Arachis hypogaea), 84 Japanese Unshiu orange-see Satsuma orange pecan (Carya illinoensis), 56 Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) 65, 88 perennial pepperweed (L.epidium fatifolium), 226 jointed vetch (Aeschynomene rudis) 227 Persian darnel (Ldium persicum), 303 Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) 243 pine (Pinus spp.), 71, 117,255,263 king devil-see yellow hawkweed pineapple (Ananas comosus), 241 kochia (Kochia scoparia), 183, 224,226 phuneless thistle (Carduus acanthoides), 226 Koster’s curse (Clidemia hirta), 237,243 poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), 131 kudzu (Pueraria lobata), 4,7,28,55,59,61,63,82, 88,93, poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), 224 206,269 poorland flower-see oxeye daisy larch (Larix spp.), 118 poplar (Popu!us spp.), 275 lather leaf (Co!ubrina asiatica), 259 potato (Solarium tuberosum), 55,93,156,262,272,285, 289 lead plant-see indigobush poverty grass (Sporobolus vaginiglorus), 101 leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), 5,65,74,99, 120, 176, prickly pear cactus (Opuntia spp.), 61 183-4, 191, 300 purple Ioosestrife (Lythrum salicarti), 4-6,9,27,59,63,74, lepyrodiclis (Z..epyrodiclis holosteoides), 101 85-6, 100, 126, 152, 157, 187, 193,221,226,228,276, lespedeza (Lespedeza spp.), 56 301 leucaena @-.eucaena leucocephala), 75,89 Queen Anne’s lace-see also carrot (Daucus carota), 271 little love grass (Eragrostis minor), 101 ragweed (Ambrosia spp.), 288, 299 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), 302 Raoul grass (Rottboellia exaltata), 303 macadamia nut (Macadamia integrl~olia), 241 rapeseed (Brassica napus), 271 Manchuria rice (Zizania latifolia), 82 rayed knapweed-see brown knapweed mango (Mangi~era indica), 139-40 red bromegrass (Bromus rubens), 76 Marguerite-see oxeye daisy red daisy-see orange hawkweed marijuana (Cannabis sativa), 200 red oak (Quercus rubra), 74 Meditemanean sage (Salvia aethiopsis), 226 redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), 112 Medusa head (Taenniatherum asperum), 39 rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.), 55, 93 melaleuca-see paper bark tree rooted water hyancinth (Eichhornia asurea), 49 Mexican fwweed—see kochia ruby salt bush (Enchykzeua tomentosa), 91 milk thistle (Silybum marianum), 226 runningbamboo(Arwzdinariz spp.,Phyll@achys spp.@ewbhstus modesty-see Venice mallow spp., Sasa spp.), 36 Index to Common and Specific Names of Species 1379

Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens), 82 tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum), 303 Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), 182 urnbrella—wort-see wild four o’clock Russian thistle-see tumble weed unicorn-plant (Proboscidea louisianica), 226 Russian wild rye (Psathyrosfachys junceus), 89 Unshiu orange-see Satsuma orange St, Johnswort-see common St. Johnswort velvet tree (Miconia calvescens), 245 sage (Salvti oflcina[is), 235 Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum), 226 salt cedar (Tamarixpendantra, T gallica, T. ramosissima, T. viper’s bugloss—see blueweed africana, T spp.), 4,33,59,68,73,75,88, 181-2, 193,224 Vochin knapweed (Centaurea nigrescens), 226 salt meadow cordgrass (Spartitu patens), 227 walnut (.luglans spp.), 275 Satsuma orange (Citrus reticulate var. unshiu), 139, 175 waterfeather-see Parrot’s feather sawtooth oak (Quercus serrata), 88 water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), 7, 28, 88, 126, 193, Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), 82-3,226 195,258-9,262, 264, 266, 292 Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium), 226 water lettuce (Pistti stratiotes), 262 serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma), 28, 80, 101, 303 weeping willow (Salix spp.), 56 shattercane (Sorghum halepense x S. bicolor), 65 wheat (Triticum spp.), 3, 55, 79, 93, 291 shoal grass (Dip[anthera wightii), 89 wheatgrass (Agropyron spp.), 187 shoo-fly-see Venice mallow white daisy-see oxeye daisy silver-leaf nightshade (Solarium elaeagnifolium), 224 whiteweed-see oxeye daisy skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea), 56 wild carrot-see carrot smooth cordgrass (Spartina aiterniflora), 27, 227 wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris), 226 snake flower-see blueweed wild cotton (Gossypium tomentosum—see also cotton), 239, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), 65, 271 soybean (Glycine max), 3, 262, 272, 291, 304 271,278,284 spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), 39,89, 176,226 wild four o’clock (Mirabilis nyctaginea), 226 spruce (Picea spp.-see also see blue and Norway spruce), wild mustard (Brassica kuber, B. juncea, B. nigra), 271,283 71 wild oats (Avena fatua), 180 squash (Cucurbita pepo), 2, 271, 281-3 wild tomato (Lycopersicon pimpinnellifolium), 271 strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum), 236-7 witchweed (Striga asiatica, Striga spp.), 6, 9, 41, 91, 126, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), 65 147-8, 152, 175-6,301,303 sugar cane (Saccharum ojjicinarum), 236, 242-3, 245, 260 yellow birch (Betula alleghuniensis), 302 sugar maple (Acer saccharum), 67, 302 yellow devil-see yellow hawkweed summer-cyprus-see kochia yellow hawkweed (Hieracium pratense), 226 sunflower (He/ianthus spp. ), 56, 271 yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), 224 sweet clover (Melilotus spp. ), 187 yellow paintbrush-see yellow hawkweed Syrian bean-caper (Zygophyllum fabago), 226 yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris), 191 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), 80, 303 tamarisk-see salt cedar (Avena strigosa), 303 tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), 69 (Coccinia grandis), 254 tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), 224 (Medicago polymorpha), 303 thistle (Cirsium vulgare), 33 (Monochoria vaginalis), 303 tobacco (Nicottina tabacum), 56, 271-2 (Nitel[opsis obtusa), green alga, 91 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), 65, 156,271-2,275,282, (Oxylobium parvlf70rum), 303 285 (Salvinia moiesta), 303 treefem (Cyarhea cooperi), 298 (Thladiantha dubia), 303 tumbleweed (Saisob iberica), 65, 96, 183,224