Final Report

Table of Contents

Chapter I Introduction ･･････････････････････････････････････････････ 1-1

Chapter II Legal and Institutional Arrangements ･････････････････････････ 2-1

Chapter III Earthquake･･･････････････････････････････････････････････ 3-1

Chapter IV Earthquake Effects and Potential Earthquake Scenarios for Area ･･････････････････････････････････････････････ 4-1

Chapter V Strategies on Earthquake Mitigation ･･････････････････････････ 5-1

Chapter VI Existing Resource Agencies in Metro Manila ･･･････････････････ 6-1

Chapter VII Capacity Building and Training Courses in Earthquake Disaster Mitigation････････････････････････････････････････････････ 7-1

Chapter VIII Community Based Disaster Mitigation ････････････････････････ 8-1

i

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Handbook

Chapter I Introduction

AIMS AND PURPOSES OF THE HANDBOOK This Handbook on Earthquake Mitigation is an attempt to predetermine to the extent possible, actions to be taken by the cities and municipalities in Metro Manila and by cooperating private organizations including community based organizations to effectively reduce the vulnerability of city and municipal residents to any earthquake that may strike in the National Capital Region or elsewhere in the country. This Handbook likewise attempts to establish a high capability of protecting citizens from the effects of earthquake, to respond effectively to the actual occurrence of any earthquake and to provide full recovery in the aftermath of earthquake occurrences involving extensive damage and other debilating influences on the normal pattern of life within the community. The handbook further aims to provide the following possibilities: 1) Provide guides on what to do before, during and after an earthquake. – This guide advises how people should react with practical steps and suggestions how to behave accordingly in the event of an earthquake; 2) Serves as guide in designing the appropriate organizational arrangements to effectively counter earthquakes and their destructive consequences. The appropriate organizational arrangements are necessary in the effective implementation and coordination of earthquake counter measures i.e. mobilizing resources, coordinating various responses and other assistory efforts critical during this specific disaster; 3) Select strategic options how earthquakes may be properly countered. - Long range institutional and policy options will guide disaster coordinators in selecting the appropriate strategy to counter earthquake occurrences and other disasters; 4) Minimize risk – the aim is to reduce to negligible minimum loss of lives and damage to properties; and 5) Formulate the necessary policies supportive to earthquake mitigation plans and programs including the definition of the roles and responsibilities of disaster management coordinators as well as the roles of the whole communities in general.

USERS 1) This Handbook is primarily designed to be used by local governments in the NCR and secondarily, for other local governments countrywide. This means the provinces, cities, municipalities and the barangays even outside Metro Manila can make use of this Handbook on Earthquake Mitigation. 2) The second major category of users are the members of the Disaster Coordinating Councils at the national, regional, provincial, city, municipal and barangay levels. Since the Disaster

- 1 - 1 -

Earthquake Impact Reduction Study for Metropolitan Manila in the Republic of the

Councils are the primary organizational mechanisms to counter disasters such as earthquakes, the members thereof are also the primary target users. 3) Schools in all levels whether private or public are also one of the biggest potential users of this handbook in Metro Manila and in other parts of the country. 4) The protective services like the Bureau of Fire Protection and the local Police Forces can also make use of this handbook as they perform their respective tasks before, during and after earthquakes. 5) Health services, whether governmental or non-governmental are also identified primary users. 6) Commercial firms and industry sectors are another major user considering the resources and number of personnel the private sector have; and 7) The volunteer organizations, the non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations are also important potential users of this handbook. It will be noted that the range of potential users of this Handbook on Earthquake Mitigation reflects practically the various sectors of the community in a pluralistic society like the Philippines. The logic of this handbook need not be belabored to have additional justifications for its formulation. The reasons mentioned herein and the identified potential multiple users are more than adequate to show the universal value of this document. The Handbook is organized into eight chapters. For those who are interested to fully use this document, but do not have the immediate time to examine its content, an overview of the handbook by chapters is included in this Introduction.

The chapters in this book are as follows:

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This introductory part of the handbook explains its rationale and how the same document may optimally be used.

CHAPTER II LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS This chapter provides an overview of the legal basis as to how local disaster coordinating councils operate in accordance with PD 1566 and the provisions of the Local Government Code including city and municipal ordinances on disaster mitigation, which can be used as basis for action.

CHAPTER III EARTHQUAKE This chapter explains the types of earthquakes and their respective characteristics that should be known by the public. This chapter also includes the cycle or occurrences including earthquake frequencies. It also has short portion useful to the users of this handbook and the community as the beneficiary to learn what earthquake can do and how prevention and risk reduction can minimize casualties and other damages.

- 1 - 2 -

Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Handbook

CHAPTER IV EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS AND POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE SCENARIOS FOR METRO MANILA AREA This chapter present potential earthquake scenarios for Metro Manila, which can motivate local governments to take the necessary anticipatory measures before an earthquake occurs and to inform all concerned what to expect after an earthquake has subsided.

CHAPTER V STRATEGIES ON EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION This chapter provides how the public, government agencies, and other institutions may prepare and protect themselves before an earthquake occurs and how to respond during an earthquake and after an earthquake has subsided.

CHAPTER VI EXISTING RESOURCE AGENCIES IN METRO MANILA The national and local agencies including other agencies in the Metro Manila Area, which are resource agencies for emergency are included in this chapter such as hospitals, fire stations, police posts, communication centers and the like.

CHAPTER VII CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING COURSES IN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION The concept of capability building in disaster mitigation is important in order to provide the necessary preparedness and training of all disaster managers, local government officials and the public in general, the purpose of