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to His Majesty : Dr. Frederick William Hewitt. To be Chemist and Druggist to His Majesty: Mr. Peter Wyatt Squire. Annotations. To be Surgeons-Apothecary to His Majesty’s Household at Windsor: Mr. William Fairbank and Dr. William A. Ellison, "Ne quid nimis." juintly. To be Surgeon-Apothecary to His Majesty’s House- hold at Sandringham: Dr. Alan Reeve Manby, M.V.O. STATE LUNATIC ASYLUMS IN INDIA. To be Honorary Physicians in Ordinary o His Majesty in : Sir William Tennant Gairdner,’ K.C.B., and Dr. THE Secretary of State for India has sanctioned a scheme George William Ba.lfour. To be Honorary Surgeons to His for five large central asylums for the insane in India. Majesty in Scotland: Dr. Patrick Heron Watson and Dr. Hitherto in India there have been only a number of small Alexander Ogston. To be Honorary Surgeon-Oculist to His asylums under the care of the civil surgeons of the stations Majesty in Scotland : Dr. Douglas Argyll Robertson. To where were situated, who make, of course, no claim to they be in to His in Ireland: familiarity with psychological medicine, and whose Physicians Ordinary Majesty special Sir John Thomas Banks, K.C.B., and Dr. William time is fully occupied by the ordinary claims of their position. Moore. To be Surgeons to His Majesty in Ireland : We trust that men of in Honorary proved knowledge psychological Sir and Sir William Thomson. medicine will b9 to the of these Philip Crampton Smyly appointed superintendence To be to His and that it is the intention of the Government Honorary Surgeon-Oculist Majesty asylums ; in Ireland : Dr. Charles Edward It will to attract suitable candidates is shown the fact that Fitzgerald. by be remembered that in our issue of March 2nd we rates of are to be given. The salaries will special pay published the following list :-To be Sergeant-Surgeon in from 600 to 1400 month, so that the range rupees per Ordinary to His Majesty: Lord Lister. To be Honorary pay will be about 50 per cent. higher than full Sergeant-Surgeons to His Majesty : Sir William Mac Cormac, regimental pay in the Indian Medical Service, with Bart., K.C.V.O., and Sir Thomas Smith, Bart. To be Honorary a house thrown in and leave to conduct a private Dr. D. McEwan, Inspector-Ganeral (retired); consulting practice. The will -be Physicians: appointments open to, Sir James J. L. Donnet, K.C.B , Inspector-General of Hos- not restricted to, officers of the Indian Medical though and Fleets; Sir John Watt Reid, K.C.B., Director- but inasmuch as a of native and pitals Service, knowledge language General of the Medical of the -customs will be of immense value to the of the Department Navy (retired) ; superintendents Dr. A. B. Messer, Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets .new it is that the will fall asylums probable appointments (retired) ; Dr. H. C. Woods, M.V.O., Inspector General of to members of the Indian Medical Service who can their prove and Fleets. To be Honorary Sir James fitness for the berths. The existence of scientific Hospitals Surgeons : highly-paid Jenkins, K.C.B., Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets; like these should induce men with appointments young Mr. Timotheus J. Haran, Inspector-General of Hospitals a taste for medicine to enter the service and psychological and Fleets ; Sir James N. Dick, K.C.B., Director-General of those who have had the of a of practical experience sojourn Medical Department of the Navy (retired); Dr. William a or two in a first-class at home should have a year asylum H. Lloyd, Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets; and claim for an As time on the strong appointment. goes Dr. Alfred G. Delmege, M.V.O., Deputy Inspector-General number of these asylums will increase and they probably of Hospitals and Fleets. This, we believe, completes become valuable clinical for in India at the may centres, the list. Many of these gentlemen have previously held moment thera is not a or present single private asylum any similar appointments either to the King (when Prince of for learning medicine. The five new facility psychological Wales) or to her late Majesty , while some of will be situated at Bishanpur for Bengal, at Agra asylums the appointments are new. The position of Honorary Atjss- for the North-West at Lahore for the at Provinces, Punjab, thetist to His Majesty, which has been given to Dr. Hewitt, Poonah for and at Madras. The asylum at Lahore Bombay, is, we believe, an entirely new office created by His Majesty. has been completed, that at Agra is under construction, while the existing buildings at Madras, which are very good, ’will be utilised. THE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION OF MILK ON A ___ LARGE SCALE. MEDICAL AND SURGICAL APPOINTMENTS TO I WE have already alluded to the satisfactory steps which THE KING. are being taken in this country by large dairy companies to A FURTHER list of medical and surgical appointments to supply not only pure and sterile milk but milk also ^the King appears in the Gazette of March 29th :-To standardised for special purposes. Milk as a source cf be Physicians in Ordinary to His Majesty: Sir William Henry disease is well known and its chief danger is its extreme Broadbent, Bart., K.C.V.O.; Sir James Reid, Bart., G.C.V.O., liability to become infected with the tubercle bacillus. K.C.B.; and Sir Francis Laking, K.C.V.O. To be Physicians The conditions under which the production of milk is Extraordinary to His Majesty : Surgeon-General Sir Joseph carried on are gradually passing from the old rule-of- Fayrer, Bart., K.C.S.I. ; Sir Richard Douglas Powell, Bart., thumb method to the scientific methods of the present day. K.C.V.O. ; Sir Edward H. Sieveking, Sir Felix Semon, and This change, it may be remarked, does not only secure the Dr. John Lowe. To be Physician to His Majesty’s production of milk of a non-infective character but it has Household : Sir Thomas Barlow, Bart., K.C.V.O. To also brought greater economy into the methods and results. be Honorary Serjeant-Surgeon to His Majesty : Mr. One of the largest examples of an enormous milk-supplying Frederick Treves, M.V.O. To be Honorary Surgeons station in which the production of milk is dealt with in Ordinary to His Majesty: Mr. Thomas Bryant, Mr. S Jientifically on the score both of hygiene and economy is Alfred Downing Fripp, M.V.O., and Mr. Rickman John the establishment of Herr C. Bolle in Berlin. From par- ’Godlee. To be Surgeon to His Majesty’s Household: Mr. ticulars recently furnished to us by Sir Otto Jaffe, who has Herbert William Allingham. To be Surgeon-Apothecary to studied the question of milk-supply in a number of towns at His Majesty and Apothecary to His Majesty’s Household: home and abroad, we learn that Herr Bolle started his .Sir Francis Laking, K.C.V.O. To be Honorary Sargeon- business in the year 1871 when he distributed 500,000 gallons Ocuiist to His Majesty : Mr. George Anderson Critchett. of milk, whereas at the present day he supplies milk at the To be Honorary Surgeon-Dentist to His Majesty: Mr. Henry rate of 7,000,000 gallons to about 50,000 families. The Bell Longhurst. To be Dentist to His Majesty’s Household: milk is all sent out from one central station. The firm Mr. Edwin Thomas Truman. To be Honorary Anxsthetist supply milk, cream, milk from a special farm for infants, 1027 sterilised milk, kefyr, machine-skimmed milk, butter-milk, children-who, as Mr. Crombie reminded us, constitute the butter, and cream cheese. In this great central station there hope of the country in its international struggle for are a bacteriological laboratory, a chemical analytical existence-should be contaminated by a ruinous habit at laboratory, and a chemical technical laboratory. In 1899 the very outset of life. Amendments in committee may be over 30,000 tests were made in the chemical analytical looked for, but we trust that they will not be allowed to laboratory alone, and over 1500 guinea-pigs were used impair the vitality of this wholesome and useful measure. in the bacteriological laboratory, mostly for tests of tuberculosis. In the chemical technical laboratory experi- A MEDICAL MAN’S GENEROUS LEGACY. ments are made upon the by-products of milk which are THE Corporation of has ast received under utilised. Special officers are retained for supervising the the will of the late Mr. Scale, a sum of .620,000 to 130 farms with their H,000 cows which supply the central George annuities for the blind. must be over establishment, and the duty of controlling and observing the provide Applicants 30 of and necessitous. The amount of each health of the cows is in the hands of four veterinary years age annuity is fixed at 30, so that at least 20 blind persons will benefit surgeons. Till a few months ago the firm passed the greater Mr. Scale’s Mr. Scale was for as part of the milk which they collected from the various farms by bequest. many years, was a in PortE- through filters of sterilised gravel which freed the milk of his father before him, medical practitioner mouth where he in the Commercial-road. The many of its impurities, destroyed many micro-organisms, and practised .father some and the who died tended to keep the milk sweet. Within the last few months, died 20 years ago son, recently, retired from in 1872 to blindness. bince his however, they have made arrangements for using an improved practice owing retirement he has resided at Emsworth. He never recovered Pasteurising process for the whole of the milk which they his but his shows that he was ever mindful of receive with the exception of that which comes from one of sight bequest those who were afflicted in a like manner. their own farms, and they consider this to be one of the most important improvements that they have adopted &bgr;ince the opening of their establishment. They main- THE RICHMOND WATER-SUPPLY. that nor tain this process interferes neither with the taste THE Town Council of Richmond, Surrey, have always with the chemical of the milk, but destroys composition been very anxious to have an independent water-supply microbes such as those of scarlet -any pathogenic diphtheria, and they have taken a great deal of trouble and incurred and tuberculosis. The entire fever, typhus fever, particularly great expense in the matter. At the time of Lord establishment, which includes butter, cream, and cheese Llandaff’s Commission the council protested that their manufacture on scientific covers more than similarly lines, district ought not to be placed under any new body five and a half acres. The about 400 steam-engines develop which might be entrnsted to carry on the duties of The is able to horse-power. cooling plant produce about managing the water-supply of London. Last year Mr. 20 tons of ice a It is stated that the of day. rapid growth Mansergh was asked to make a report as to the this has been with an excellent effect industry accompanied nature of the existing works of the corporation and as to the of in 1879 14’1 upon general milk-supply Berlin; per their efficiency, and he was further requested to make 1000 of the the authorities samples investigated by police suggestions for the improvement or enlargement of the were adulterated and in 1886 only 3’6 per 1000. The infant plant, and to recommend the best available method for mortality per 100 living born children in 1871 was 30 ; this increasing the supply of water. The present works he fell in the next 10 years to 27 1 and in 1899 it fell to 23’4. found to consist of wells and of a brick tank situated Even if it is also admitted that many other influences have in Petersham meadow. Of the wells one is sunk contributed to the decrease of infant mortality undoubtedly through the London clay into the chalk which is the improved milk-supply has had much to do with it. The reached at 254 feet below the surface. From this facts in favour of the scientific speak eloquently preparation well a boring which varies in size from two feet to and of milk and milk supply products. seven inches passes downwards to a total depth of 1446 feet. Another well which has a depth of 320 feet passes for 30 feet THE SALE OF "DRINK" TO CHILDREN. into the chalk. From the bottom of this well headings I MR. CROMBIE spoke truly when he stated that his Bill to have been driven to the well previously described and in prevent the Sale of Intoxicating Liquors to Children has the various other directions. These headings are six feet jn approval of the country. The tendency of popular opinion height, four feet six inches in width, and their total length with regard to this question has been frequently manifested amounts to no less than 10,400 feet. In addition to this in the press and on the platform. Once more it has found borings have also been made below the headings in many emphatic expression in a vote on the second reading of this places where it was hoped that fissures might have been found. Bill passed by a substantial majority of 318, which In spite of all this work the quantity of water which has represents the collective decision of all parties in the been obtained has not exceeded 260,000 gallons per day. legislature. This measure, it may be added, is the result With a view to discover the cause of the deficiency of the of no sudden movement of the national mind. A Royal water and to what extent the chalk in the district around was Commission has already proved that the public-house similarly depleted Mr. Mansergh made a series of inquiries in exercises a mischievous influence on young children regard to wells which existed in the neighbourhood. It was sent thither to fetch liquor and that drinking habits found that in the case of a well situated two miles to the are thus engendered even at so early an age. The north of Richmond the water-level had sunk about 68 feet only argument adduced so far in favour of this during the last 50 years. In the case of another well three practice appears to be that it suits the convenience miles to the north-east the level of the ground water had of working parents. The contention obviously rests sunk 72 feet since the year 1877. Records were given of on the slightest foundation. The publican and the workman six wells and in every case the water-level had sunk to some have under almost any circumstances an unequalled facility extent. Mr. Mansergh gave it as his opinion that the cause of in accommodating one another. Convenience of this kind the lowering of the water-level at Richmond was due in part attends every hour of the working day and it acts too often to the pumping which had taken place there ; that from the as a serious impediment in the course of business. Less of chalk around also an excessive amount had been removed such convenience would prove rather a gain than otherwise. by pumping; and that the amount of the rainfall during In any case it cannot be allowed to stand as a reason why the last few years had been insufficient to make good the