Draco. Nombre En Español: Dragon. Abreviatura: Dra. Localización: Circumpolar

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Draco. Nombre En Español: Dragon. Abreviatura: Dra. Localización: Circumpolar 1 Draco Nombre Latino: Draco. Nombre en Español: Dragon. Abreviatura: Dra. Localización: Circumpolar. Hemisferio Norte. A.R. :17.75 horas. Dec.: 62.51 º. Franja de observación:90 º N – 4 º S. Es una de las constelaciones originales de Ptolomeo que rodea el polo norte celeste, con una “cabeza” poligonal seguida de una larga cola que rodea la Ursa Minor. Existen diversas leyendas sobre el origen del nombre de esta constelación. Pero lo cierto es que todos los dragones siempre tienen la misión de guardianes o de custodios de tesoros. Es importante señalar que en griego, dragón (o δράκων) significa “serpiente”, lo que es importante tener en cuenta a la hora de interpretar los diversos mitos en los que aparece esta constelación, pues nuestro término dragón está demasiado “contaminado” por mitos y leyendas medievales. Algunos autores afirman que es una constelación de origen mesopotámico, cuya representación aparece en bajorrelieves muy antiguos, La serpiente era, junto a animales como el escorpión, el toro, el león o el carnero, uno de los más familiares y frecuentes en la iconografía mesopotámica. En los kudurrus babilonios aparecen varios símbolos característicos de cada dios, representando varias constelaciones. En muchos de ellos se puede ver a una serpiente enroscada en la parte superior del kudurru, junto a otra en la parte central, esta última usualmente identificada con Hidra En Egipto también aparece representada una constelación similar, que abarca parte de la actual Draco; correspondería a la diosa-hipopótamo Isis-Dyamut, que solía representarse con un pequeño cocodrilo en una mano y un remo o una espada en la otra. Sobre su espalda, a modo de capa la cubre un cocodrilo. A veces, en vez de una espada, lleva en la mano una jarra. Desde el segundo milenio antes de Cristo ya se conocía su existencia. A partir del siglo VI a.C., al dragón se le “amputan” las alas, que se convierten en la constelación Ursa Minor. Debemos aclarar que la palabra dragón es de origen Griego, que designaba tanto ese animal como a la serpiente”. Uno de los mitos es el del legendario Cadmo, fundador de Tebas, sembró un puñado de dientes de dragón de los que nacerían los tebanos. Otra historia nos cuenta de un dragón luchando en el bando de los titanes contra los dioses olímpicos: la diosa Atenea se enfrentó a él, lanzándolo a los cielos donde quedó enredado con su propio cuerpo y congelándose de frío. Eratóstenes fue el primero en explicar el mito asociado a esta constelación. Cuenta la historia que en la boda entre Zeus y Hera, Gea regaló a la pareja el árbol de las manzanas de oro. Hera, admirada por el regalo, lo plantó en el jardín de las Hesperides situado cerca del Atlas. Pero como las hijas de Atlas, robaban las manzanas, Hera colocó a la serpiente como guardián. Las manzanas podrían simbolizar, según imágenes de cerámicas áticas del siglo V a.C., la inmortalidad o la eterna juventud. Mientras cumplía con su trabajo fue muerto por Hércules. Pero Hera por su valor y fidelidad lo envió al cielo. Curiosamente en Egipto, se construyeron muchos templos de forma que las estrellas del Dragón, brillaban en unas épocas determinadas sobre el altar. En la lejana China también vieron un dragón en esta constelación, ya que se trataba de un animal muy importante para ese pueblo, que lo considero su símbolo nacional. Según la época del año en que observemos esta zona del cielo, así veremos en distintas posiciones esta constelación, siempre envolviendo a la Osa Menor, La constelación del Dragón se encuentra en una zona del cielo rica de galaxias, junto a las dos Osas. Hace 5000años la estrella inmóvil sobre la que parece girar el firmamento no era la estrella Polar sino la estrella alfa del Dragón. Era conocida por los árabes como Thuban “el dragón”. En el año 200 a.c. cuando los marinos Fenicios colonizaron las costas Mediterráneas, la polar de entonces era esa estrella. Mi libro de las constelaciones. Eladio Miranda Batlle 2 Fig. 86. Constelación Draco (Dragón). Estrellas principales: Thuban: Nombre que dieron los árabes a toda la constelación «Al Thuban»: “el dragón”. Rastaban: Nombre de origen árabe que significa “cabeza de la serpiente”. Eltanin: Del árabe “Al Ras al Tinnin”: “cabeza del dragón”. Visual Abs. Tipo Distancia Estrellas R.A. (h m s) Dec. ( ° ' '' ) mag. mag. Espectral (lt-yr) Gamma (Eltanin) 2.24 -1.04 K5III 148 17 56 36 +51 29 20 Eta (Aldhibain) 2.73 -6.27 G8IIIab 2,050 16 23 59 +61 30 50 Beta (Rastaban) 2.79 -2.44 G2Ib-IIa 361 17 30 26 +52 18 05 Delta (Taïs) 3.07 0.63 G9III 100 19 12 33 +67 39 41 Zeta (Aldhibah) 3.17 -1.90 B6III 320 17 08 47 +65 42 53 Iota (Edasich) 3.29 -1.92 B6III 339 15 24 56 +58 57 58 Chi 3.55 4.01 F7V 26 18 21 03 +72 43 58 Alpha (Thuban) 3.67 -1.21 A0III 308 14 04 23 +64 22 33 Xi (Juza) 3.73 1.06 K2III 111 17 53 32 +56 52 21 Epsilon (Tyl) 3.84 0.59 G8IIIbCN 146 19 48 10 +70 16 04 Lambda (Giausar) 3.82 -1.24 M0IIICa 334 11 31 24 +69 19 52 Kappa 3.85 -2.07 B6IIIpe 498 12 33 29 +69 47 17 Mi libro de las constelaciones. Eladio Miranda Batlle 3 Fig. 87. Objetos interesantes del cielo profundo. NOMBRE Mag. Dimensiones Información Nebulosa planetaria conocida como NGC 6543 8.3 22” x 16” el Ojo de Gato, que tiene un disco irregular NGC 4236 9.6 22.6’ x 6.9’ Galaxia espiral barrada NGC 4125 9.7 6’ x 5.1’ Galaxia elíptica Galaxia vista de perfil en la que se observa una NGC 5866 / banda oscura negra en los bordes provocada 9.9 6.5’ x 3.1’ M 102 por la materia interestelar. Está a una distancia aproximada de la Tierra de 50 millones de años luz. UGC 10822 / Galaxia enana elíptica miembro del Grupo 9.9 33.5’ x 18.9’ Draco Dwarf Local de Galaxias NGC 6503 10.2 7’ x 2.5’ Galaxia espiral NGC 5907 10.3 11.8’ x 1.3’ Galaxia espiral NGC 3147 10.6 4.3’ x 3.7’ Galaxia espiral NGC 4589 10.7 3.4’ x 2.8’ Galaxia elíptica NGC 6340 11 3’ x 2.8’ Galaxia espiral NGC 5982 11.1 3’ x 2.1’ Galaxia elíptica NGC 5985 11.1 5.4’ x 2.7’ Galaxia espiral barrada NGC 6015 11.1 5.4’ x 2.1’ Galaxia espiral NGC 6643 11.1 3.7’ x 1.8’ Galaxia espiral NGC 4750 11.2 2.1’ x 1.9’ Galaxia espiral Mi libro de las constelaciones. Eladio Miranda Batlle 4 NGC 5678 11.3 3.3’ x 1.4’ Galaxia espiral barrada NGC 6140 11.3 6.3’ x 4.6’ Galaxia espiral barrada Mi libro de las constelaciones. Eladio Miranda Batlle .
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