ISSN 2070-7010 FAO PAPER 614 TECHNICAL FISHERIES AND tilapia and milkfish in the Philippines the in milkfish and tilapia production and management of Nile Nile of management and production Better management practices for feed feed for practices management Better Cover photographs: Top left: Harvest of milkfish in Panabo Park, Panabo City, Davao, Philippines (courtesy of FAO/Thomas A. Shipton). Top right: Harvest of Nile tilapia in Taal Lake in the province of Batangas, the Philippines (courtesy of FAO/Mohammad R. Hasan). Bottom: A view of cage and pen culture of milkfish in a large brackishwater pond, Dagupan, Philippines. (courtesy of FAO/Mohammad R. Hasan). Cover design: Mohammad R. Hasan and Koen Ivens. FAO FISHERIES AND Better management practices AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL for feed production and PAPER management of Nile tilapia 614 and milkfish in the Philippines

by

Patrick G. White FAO Consultant Crest, France

Thomas A. Shipton FAO Consultant Grahamstown, South Africa

Pedro B. Bueno FAO Consultant Bangkok, Thailand and

Mohammad R. Hasan Aquaculture Offcer Aquaculture Branch FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2018 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

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ISBN 978-92-5-130485-3

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Preparation of this document

This technical paper was prepared under the coordination of Dr Mohammad R. Hasan of the Aquaculture Branch, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. It presents the results of the FAO Technical Cooperation Project “Improvement of Feeding and Feed Management Efficiency in Aquaculture Production in the Philippines (TCP/ PHI/3404)”, which was implemented between November 2013 and October 2016 in the Philippines. FAO collaborated with Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Department (IFAD) of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) of the Government of the Philippines during implementation in this project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Mr Ruel Villacorte Eguia and Mr Joel Dela Cruz Sumeldan for supervising and undertaking the tilapia laboratory trial; Ms Arlene Manalo de la Vega for conducting the feed millers survey; Mr Angelito C. Gonzal for conducting the feeding practice survey as well as supervising the tilapia and milkfish farmer trails