INDEX

Achilles, 49, 191, 270, 276, 308 Barber, Theodore, 54 Agamemnon, 270, 308, 345 Baxter, William, 360 agency, 204–206, 209, Bayle, Pierre, 278 211–212, 215, 218–222, Beach, Frank, 24–25, 27–28 225–226, 228 Beck, Aaron, 127 as a socio-historical Benedict, Paul, 360 construction, 215 Bentaleb, Lahcen, 119 locus of, 211, 215, 220–221, Benton, John, 54 223, 225 Berghausen, Philip, 55 mental models of, 205 Bergson, Henri, 52 socialization of, 209 Berman, Morris, 181–182 Aiwass, 121 Bermúdez, José, 98, 306–307 Akhenaton, 301 Bernheim, Hippolyte, 236 American Psychological Bible Association, 32, 34, 36–37, Abraham, 122 237, 246 Amos, 51, 53, 92–93, 126 Anatolia, 89 Christian Trinity, 300 Anaximander, 52, 293 Deuteronomy, 51 Anderson, Alun, 111 Ecclesiastes, 51, 53, 92 angels, 72, 76, 87, 121, 123 Genesis, 114, 122 Applebee, Arthur, 55 Moses, 72, 302 Apuleius, 280 New Testament, 51 Archives of the History of Old Testament, 51–52, 93 American , xi, 43, Psalm 42, 51 236 Yahweh, 302 Aristarchus, 7 bicameral mind, 1, 4, 8, 37, Aristotle, 235–237, 242, See also 39–40, 44, 49, 51, 53, 59, Jaynes, Julian and Aristotle 73–74, 93, 100, 237, 308 Assyria, 40, 46, 50–51, 346 neurological model for, Astington, Janet, 192, 194 116–120 authorization, 44, 205–208, 210, Blake, William, 71–74, 87, 102, 212, 214, 220, 223, 226, 389 121 Aztecs, 274 Bleuler, Ernst, 53 Block, Ned, 171, 304–305, Bachrach, Bernard, 9, 122 310–314, 316–317, 319, Baldwin effect, 183, 196, 198 321–322, 324–327 Ban, Gu, 386 Bogen, Joseph, 53 420 Index

Bohn, George, 33 beginnings of, 39, 88, 109, 269, Book of Mormon, 123 300, 338–339 Boring, E.G., 27–30, 32 collective cognitive imperative, brain 125, 389 anterior commisures, 117 Columbia University, 37 Broca’s area, 118 commissurotomy patients, 34, 97, left hemisphere, 1, 97, 117, 134, 238 116–118, 122, 170, 184, 238 confabulation, 180–181, 184, 197 right hemisphere, 1, 8, 48, 53, Confucius, 349 59, 97, 103, 117–119, conscience, 100, 160, 214 121–122, 124, 169–170, 237–238, 269, 299 analog ‘I’, 36, 38, 40, 48, 115, Wernicke’s area, 117–118 130, 184–185, 227–238, Brainerd, Charles, 55 244, 248, 308, 316, 332–333, Brett, George, 19 345, 389 Bridgeman, Bruce, 97 based on language, 96–100, Bryant, William Jennings, 25 169–194 Bullard, George, 14 definition of, 3–5, 244 burial practices, 182, 282, 298, development of, 106–116, 181 340, 347, 354, 360, 363, 392, in early China, 344 397, 411 Jaynes’s concept of, 237–46 location of, 243 Caesar, 72 mind-space, 38, 48, 99, 101, Calvin, William, 98 130, 184, 210–211, 223, 230, Campbell, Byron, 28 238, 244–245, 248, 257, 259, Canadian Psychological 308, 316–317, 332 Association, v spatialization, 38, 345 Carlyle, Thomas, 124 Consequences of Consciousness, The, Carr, Michael, v, 116, 343 xi, 43, 45–47 Cautela, Joseph, 55 Copernicus, vii, 7 cave art, 48, 107–109, 307 Cornell University, 34, 37–38 Central Intelligence Agency, 22 Crete, 50 Chein, Isidor, 41 Crowe, Elena, 190 Cheiron Society, 35 Crowley, Aleister, 121 Chen, De’an, 401 Cui, Zhu, 383 Cheng, Yichuan, 387 cuneiform, 298–299, 345 China, 39, 89, 275, 337, 344, 346–347, 391, 399, 403–404 Dalhousie University, 37 Churchland, Paul, 325 Damasio, Antonio, 96, 184 Cicero, 250, 278 Darwin, Charles, vii, 2, 7, 52, 96, civilization 236, 275, 281–282 and religion, 285 Darwin, Erasmus, 52

INDEX 421

Davidson, Donald, 306 Erkes, Eduard, 379–380, De Anima, 247–248, 250–255, 393–395 257–258 Erkwoh, Ralf, 105 de Becker, Gavin, 163 Escher, Sondra, 102 De Groot, J.J.M., 403 Espinas, Alfred, 33 de Man, Anton, 121 Euripides, 267 de Rosnay, Marc, 190 Evans-Pritchard, Edward, 56 Deacon, Terrence, 306 evolution, 7, 31–33, 38, 50, 52, Delivorrias, Angelos, 164 56, 91, 96, 132, 165, 182–183, demons, 122, 280, 412 238–240, 242, 271 Dennett, Daniel, 57, 96, 98–99, 101, 115, 193, 303, 306, Fall, the, 40, 114 310–311, 313 Fauconnier, Gilles, 193 depression, 128–129 Fechner, Gustav, 236 Descartes, René, 4, 31, 275–276, First Unitarian Society, 13, 52 324 Fivush, Robyn, 191 Dewsbury, Donald, 28 Flavell, John, 55 Diderot, Denis, 278 Florida State University, 37 Dimock, Martha, 26 Flouren, Pierre, 33 divination, 7, 44, 107, 115, 225, Folkton, England, 339 280, 348, 352, 356, 382, Fraser, Julius Thomas, 54 391–392, 405–406, 410, Freud, Sigmund, 2, 8, 55, 181, See also Omens 268, 282 Dodds, E.R., 53, 214 Donald, Merlin, 96, 306 Galileo, 7 Dontas, Georgios, 164 Galin, David, 53 Doré, Henri, 385 Garcelán, Salvador, 103 dreams, 44–45, 54–55, 115, 410 Gauss, Carl, 112 Du, You, 385 Gazzaniga, Michael, 117, 184, dualism, Cartesian, 246, 252 238 Duan, Yucai, 357 Gellner, Ernest, 56 Dubs, Homer, 394 Giard, Alfred, 33 Gladwell, Malcolm, 164 Eberhard, Wolfram, 365, 374, Globus, Gordon, 53 394 glossolalia, 5, 221 Egypt, 39–40, 45, 51, 89–90, gods, 39, 49, 107, 114, 125–126, 106, 121, 299, 308, 344, 346 214–215, 225, 242, 267, 270, Egyptians, ancient, 114 281–282, 292, 340, 348, 392 Einstein, Albert, 2 as hallucinated voices, 59, 74, Elizabethtown College, 57 87–89, 93, 101, 105, 117, Emory University, 50 142, 194, 213, 234, 237–238, epilepsy, ix, 97, 117, 124, 150

422 Index

243, 269, 301–302, 308, 339, religious, 74, 76, 79, 86–87, 355 120, 123, 146–147, 149, 152, as social control, 40, 88, 111, 156, 160 269, 275, 285 visual, 71, 74, 121–122 first idea of, 284 Hamilton, John, v, 99, 102, 141 idols viewed as, 40, 280, 298, Hammurabi, 276 299 Han Dynasty, 344, 352, 390 in Psalm 42, 51 Hansen, Klaus, 123 in the , 115 Harré, Rom, 206 polytheism, 125 Harrington, William, 235 relation to right hemisphere, 53 Harris, Paul, 190 relationship to poetry, 406 , 19, 37, 240 ō the dead as, 347 Hashimoto, Mantar , 354, 384 transition to monotheism, 125 Hawkes, David, 379 Goffman, Erving, 208 Heaven’s Gate cult, 132 Golden Age, 114, 372 Hebrews, 46, 52 Gracewood Hospital, v Heelas, Paul, 56, 218–20 Grandin, Temple, 176, 184 Hegel, Georg, 281 Granet, Marcel, 372 Heinrichs, R. Walter, 126 Greece, 46, 89, 267, 289, 308 Helmholtz, Hermann von, 112 Greeks, ancient, 314 Helson, Harry, 32 Greer, Scott, v, 8, 233 Henle, Mary, 35 Greissman, Judith, 41 hieroglyphics, 298, 345 Griffith, Donald, 50 Hilgard, Ernest, 41, 53–54 Hirohito, Emperor, 276 Hallpike, Christopher, 56 Hittites, 39, 40, 46 hallucinations Holderness, Mike, 235 auditory verbal, 5, 7, 53, 59, Homer, 115, 185, 214, 218, 242, 74–89, 92, 100, 118–119, 247, 280, 290, 308 129–130, 142, 176, 299, 398 Hope College, 37 commanding behavior, 104–106 Hull, Clark, 25 in ancient civilizations, 87, 299, Hume, David, 286, 324 341, 345 Humphrey, Nicholas, 108, 307 in children, 34, 45, 84, 90, 92 Hunter College, 37 in nonverbal population, Huxley, Aldous, 282 85–86, 141–65 hypergraphia, 125 in normal population, 83, hypnosis, 5, 7, 34, 53–54, 196, 101–103 205, 212, 221–223, instigated by stress, 84, 88, 90, 229–230, 269, 272, 310 101, 103–104, 106, 130 neurobiology of, 117 Iamblichus, 374

INDEX 423 idols, 7, 34, 40, 44, 89–90, 131, New England ancestry, 14–15 298–299, 300, 302, 337, prison life, 21–24 339–341, 398, 401 Jaynes, Mildred, 22 ili, 90 Jaynes, Rev. Julian Clifford, Iliad, 39, 87–88, 90–91, 107, 14–17 114–116, 186, 242, 270, 303, Jaynes, Robert, 15, 22–23 345 Jenks, Nina, 14 imaginary playmates. See Jesus, 21, 51, 58, 78, 81, 87, 123, hallucinations in children 126 Incas, 40, 337, 396 Joan of Arc, 282 India, 21, 39, 89 Johns Hopkins University, 37 International Society for the Johnson, Marcia, xi History of the Behavioral Joly, Henri, 33 Sciences. See Cheiron Society Jonestown, 132 Interpretation of Dreams, The, 8, 55 Joseph, 99 , 99, 211, 234, 243 Julian Jaynes Collection, 236 intuition, 111, 113–114, 164–165 Julian Jaynes Conference on Consciousness, v, 5, 8 James, William, 53, 55, 173, 181, Julian Jaynes Society, xi, xii, 9, 236 330 Jaynes, Clara, 15–16, 20, 22 Jung, Carl, 282 Jaynes, Helen, 15, 20, 22–23 Jaynes, Julian, v, vi, xi, xii, xv, ka, 90, 299, 301 1–9, 71, 75, 95–96, 98–109, Kahler, Erich, 55 111–112, 115–120, 123–125, Kant, Immanuel, 240, 278, 127–132, 141–142, 160–161, 322–324 163, 165, 169–174, 176, Karlgren, Bernhard, 360–361, 180–194, 203–205, 210, 365–368, 375, 377–380, 395 212–213, 215, 221, 233–259, Kazdin, Alan, 55 267, 268–289, 291–293, 297, Keen, Sam, 43 303–305, 308–325, 328, 330, Keightley, David, 392, 397 337, 343–347, 353, 366, 374, Kepler, Johannes, 271, 273 381, 385, 388–390, 392, Kobayashi, Haku, 359, 366 396–398, 403–404 Kohler, Wolfgang, 174–175, 180 actor and playwright, 26, 27 Koran, The, 124 and Aristotle, 246–258 Kretz, Robert, 4, 8 childhood influences, 15–18, Kroll, Jerome, 9, 122 240 Kuhn, Thomas, 322 college years, 18–20, 240 Kuijsten, Marcel, v, vii, xii, 95, course on consciousness, 404 52–56 graduate school, 24–25 Lahn, Bruce, 182

424 Index

Lake Forest College, 37 Losch, Mary, 53, 84, 101 Lamarck, Jean Baptiste, 52 Lubbock, J., 33 Langfeld, Herbert, 236 Lucian, 280 language Lucretius, 52 and consciousness. See Luria, Alexander, 188, 192, 194 consciousness, based on Lyons, John, 54 language evolution of, 88, 172, 182, 187, MacLeod, Robert, 34 238–239 Magic Wells, 16 metaphor, 1, 36, 38, 48, Mains, Marlene, 158 50–51, 88, 91, 96, 99, 116, Makarec, Kate, viii 172, 181, 184, 189, 193, 195, Mann, Horace, 13 210–211, 213–215, 217, Margolis, Howard, 97 220, 226, 238–239, Marx, Karl, 268 244–245, 248, 254, 256, 259 Marxism-Leninism, 132 language-dependency hypothesis, Maturana, Humberto, 96 96 Maudsley, Henry, 124 Laughlin, Charles, 113 Maya, 40 , 27, 49, 56, 107, 112, McCook, H.C., 33 114, 142–143, 189, 206, 210, McGill University, 19, 240 242, 269, 309, 332 McGuiness, EveLynn, 35 LeDoux, Joseph, 112 McLuhan, Marshall, 43 Leenhardt, Maurice, 56, 216 McMaster University, 119 left hemisphere, 341 McVeigh, Brian, vi, 4, 5, 203, Legge, James, 343, 365–366, 404 368, 371, 376, 395 Mead, George, 205 Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher, Meichenbaum, Donald, 55, 127 43 memory, 45, 48–49, 52, 54, 73, Leiden University, vi 97, 171, 173–174, 178–179, Lennox, Belinda, 118–120 183, 185, 189, 191, 240 Levy-Bruhl, Lucien, 56 Mencius, 349 Lewis, Michael, 54 Mendel, Gregor, 7 Lewis-Williams, David, 109 Menicus, 370 Ley, Ruth, 53 Mesoamerica, 39, 89 Li, Xiaoding, 381 Mesopotamia, 40, 44–45, 89, Lienhardt, Godfrey, 216 90–91, 106, 116, 125, 299, Limber, John, v, 100, 169 300, 308, 339, 340, 344, 347 Linear B Tablets, 90, 91 Miami University, 22 Lock, Andrew, 56, 217 Miller, George, 32 Locke, John, 4, 73 Milton, John, 72 London School of Economics, 22 Mithen, Steven, 306 Lorenz, Konrad, 33, 275 Mohammed, 9, 123–126

INDEX 425

Moleski, Martin L., 55 Osiris, 300, 302 Morain, William, 123 Otaru University of Commerce, v Morgan, Conwy, 236 Oxford University, 398 Morohashi, Tetsuji, 361 Murphy, Gardner, 32 Paleolithic, 107 Murray, Henry, 32 Paper, Jordon, 357 muses, 280 paralogic compliance, 301 Mycenae, 40, 46, 305, 323 Park, Deborah, 121 Payne-Whitney Clinic, 37 Nadia, 108–109 Penfield, Wilder, 117 National Science Foundation, Persinger, Michael, vi, ix, 135 31–32, 33 Peru, 347 Natufian, 39 Petronius, 280 Nazi Germany, 132 Piaget, Jean, 99, 188, 192 Nelson, Katherine, 191 Plato, 242, 290 New School, The, 37 Pleistocene, 40, 53, 88 Newton, Isaac, 73, 186, 324 Plutarch, 289 Nisbett, Richard, 53 poetry, 44, 55, 74, 121, 124, 258, Norretranders, Tor, 8, 113 269, 271, 277, 280, 344, 348, Northwestern University, 37 350, 353, 360, 365, 405–406 Pons, Francisco, 190 Obeyesekere, Gananath, 204 Posey, Thomas, 53, 84, 101 Odysseus, 115, 242, 247, 270 possession, 5, 7, 44, 196, Odyssey, 91, 107, 114–116, 242, 203–205, 212, 215, 270 220–221, 224–225, Oesterreich, Traugott, 224 228–230, 269, 365, 390 Olin, Robert, 118 Poteet, Mary, 166 Olney, Austin, 41 prayer, 107, 115, 124, 270, 281, omens, 115 355, 371, 390 Ong, Walter, 346 Premack, David, 50 opening of the mouth ceremony, , 15, 22, 35, 298, 300 59–61, 236 Oracle at Delphi, 290 , v, vi, xi, 6, oracles, 7, 44, 107, 126, 270, 280, 28, 32–35, 59–61, 83, 93, 203, 289–92, 358, 390, 392, 410 236, 269 Origin of Consciousness in the Proffitt, Edward, 55 Breakdown of the Bicameral prophets, 9, 21, 44, 93, 123, 126, Mind, The, xii, 1, 42–43, 47, 270, 277, 389, 410 53, 141, 169, 236–237, 244, Psammetichos, 51 256–257, 259, 269, 303, 353 Ptolemy, 7 translations, 57 Puccetti, Ronald, 134 Orne, Martin, 54 Putnam, Hilary, 322

426 Index

Pygmalion, 280 MRI of, 118 pyramids, 171, 297, 347 Schiffer, Fredric, 134 Schneider, G.H., 33 Qin Dynasty, 348, 352 Schuessler, Axel, 360 Qing Dynasty, 386 Seneca, 280 Quine, Willard Van Orman, 57 Shang Dynasty, 339–340, 344, Quinn, Thomas, 41 347, 352, 372, 388, 392, 399, 403 Ramachandran, V.S., 121, 124 oracle bone inscriptions, 357 Rana (chimpanzee), 175, 177, royal tombs, 347 180 Shaw, George Bernard, 1 Rawson, Jessica, 398 Sheikh, Anees, 55 religion, origin of, 93, Sher, Leo, 118 120–126, 267–94 Shima, Kunio, 382 religious frenzy, 5, 221, 310 Shirakawa, Shizuka, 359, 366 Rhode Island College, 57 Simpson-Housley, Paul, 121 Rhodes, Richard, 43 Singer, Dorothy, 99, 192 Ribot, Theodule, 236 Singer, Jerome, 55, 192 Richardson, Katharina, 55 Skidmore College, 37 right hemisphere, 341 Skinner, B.F., 25 Rodriguez, Evonne, 122 Slade, Lance, 190 Romanes, G.J., 33 Sleutels, Jan, vi, 115, 303 Romme, Marius, 102 Slobin, Dan, 190 Rosaldo, Renato, 216 Smith College, 22 Rosenberg, Michael, 75, 79, 83 Smith, Jean, 215 Rosenzweig, Saul, 32 Smith, Joseph, 123 Ruffman, Ted, 190 Snell, Bruno, 194, 199, 213 Russell, Bertrand, 58, 279 Socrates, 87, 122, 274, 290 Rutgers University, 37 Solon, 51, 91 Somers, Herman, 9, 124 Sacco, Nicola, 290 soul, concept of, 19, 39, 72, 76, Sacks, Oliver, 98 214, 226–227, 246–249, Sagan, Carl, 2 251–252, 254–255, 259, 275, San tribe, 109 354, 374, 379, 386–387, Santorini. See Thera 393–394, 397 Sanxingdui, 354, 398–402 Spalding, D.A., 33 Sappington, Marc, 105 Spanos, Nick, 54 Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, 50 speaking in tongues. See Schindler, Bruno, 364 glossolalia schizophrenia, 39, 44–45, 53, 75, Sperry, Roger, 117, 238 92, 95, 105, 126–27, 129–131, spirit possession. See possession 142, 238, 269, 287, 299, 310

INDEX 427 split-brain. See commissurotomy University of Massachusetts at patients Boston Harbor, 37 Starr, Chester, 51, 54 University of Michigan, 37 State University of New York, University of New Hampshire, v, 36, 37 31, 37, 56, 171, 182 Stip, Emmanuel, 119 University of Pennsylvania, 37 Stove, David, vi, 101, 267 University of Prince Edward Sturm, Katherine, v Island, v, 8, 38, 60, 236 Sûkyô Mahikari, 203 University of Sydney, vi Sullivan, John, 35 , 19 Sumer, 46 University of Virginia, 18, 240 Sumption, Jonathan, 286 University of Washington, 98 Swedenborg, Emanuel, 87 Upanishads, 243 Sweetser, Eve, 193 Ur, 131, 337 temporal lobe epilepsy, 124 Van Gulik, Robert H., 391 The Origin of Species, 282 Vanzetti, Bartolomeo, 290 Thera, 50, 91 Varela, Francisco, 96 Thurber, James, 121 Velikovsky, Immanuel, 292 Tinbergen, Niko, 33 Vignoli, T., 33 Tissot, J., 33 visions. See hallucinations, visual Titchener, Edward, 236 Vitalis, 287 Tlatilco, 40 Voltaire, 72, 267, 278 Tōdō, Akiyasu, 361 von Falkenhausen, Lothar, 390 Tolman, E.C., 25 Vygotsky, Lev, 55, 100, 188, Tower, June, vi, 13, 25, 35, 42 193–194, 209 Tower, Walter, vi, 41 trance, 109, 124, 126, 148, 203, Waley, Arthur, 365, 368 223, 225, 274, 389–390 Wallace, Alfred Russel, 52 Trenton State College, 35 Wang, Yi, 378 Tulving, Endel, 54, 191 Warner, Randy, 41 Turner, Mark, 193 washing of the mouth ceremony, Tutankhamun, 53, 297–302 298, 300 Weeks, Wilma, 61 University of Arizona, vi Wegener, Alfred, 8 University of California, Weissman, Judith, 55, 115, 120 Berkeley, 397 Wellesley College, 37 University of California, Santa Wellman, Henry, 56 Cruz, 97 Wells, H.G., 279 University of Massachusetts at West Newton, Massachusetts, Amherst, 37 13–15, 18, 21–22, 25, 35, 41–42, 52, 60–61

428 Index

Wicklund, Robert, 55 , vi, xi, 22, 24, Wilhelm, Gottfried, 365 25–27, 42, 49, 241 Wilkinson, Heward, 8 Yang, Liu, 402 William Allinson White Institute, Yangshao, burials, 347 37 Yates, Andrea, 122 Wilson, J. Tuzo, 8 Yates, Frances, 54 Wilson, Timothy, 53 Yin Dynasty, 344 Wittgenstein Symposium, 57 York University, 37 Wolfi, Adolf, 121 Woodrow Wilson College, 35 Zelaso, Philip, 190 Woodward, William, vi, 2, 13, Zengzi, 372–373 25, 32, 35, 52 Zheng, Xuan, 395 writing Zhou Dynasty, 340, 344, 347, and divination, 392 352, 357, 362, 366, 372–373, automatic, 5 388, 390, 397, 402–403 invention of, 1, 169, 171, 183, royal tombs, 347 234, 238, 284, 345, 392, 410 Zhou, Fagao, 360 Zhou, Zumo, 354 Xia Dynasty, 340, 344, 347, Zhu, Xi, 372, 377, 387 371–372, 376, 388, 403 Xu, Jay, 399, 400 Xu, Zhongshu, 359