Children and Exercise XXVIII

Children and Exercise XXVIII presents the latest scientific research into paediatric exercise physiology, endocrinology, kinanthropometry, growth and maturation, and youth sport. Including contributions from a wide-range of leading international experts, the book is arranged into eight sections : • The Josef Rutenfranz lecture • Keynote lectures • Physiology • Neuromuscular issues • Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory fitness • Physical fitness and health • Physical activity and sedentary behaviour • Sport participation and the young athlete Offering critical reviews of current topics and reports of current and on-going research in paediatric health and exercise science, this is a key text for all researchers, teachers, health professionals and students with an interest in paediatric sport and exercise science, sports medicine and physical education. Manuel Coelho e Silva is Associate Professor of Auxology and Kinanthropometry, and coordinator of the Research Center for the Study of Sport and Physical Activity in the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Amândio Cupido-dos-Santos is Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology and Assessment of Elite Athletes in the University of Coimbra, Portugal. António J Figueiredo is Assistant Professor of Training Methods and Youth Sports, and Dean in the Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education in the University of Coimbra, Portugal. José P Ferreira is Associate Professor, coordinator of the master program in Exercise and Health for Special Groups, and coordinator of the Sport Psychology Laboratory in the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Neil Armstrong is Professor of Paediatric Physiology, Vice- President and Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the University of Exeter, UK. First published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

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Children and Exercise XXVIII The Proceedings of the 28th Pediatric Work Physiology Meeting

Edited by Manuel J Coelho-e-Silva, Amândio Cupido-dos-Santos, António J Figueiredo, José P Ferreira and Neil Armstrong

London and New York This page intentionally left blank

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I: The Josef Rutenfranz Lecture 1

1. Youth, sport, and physical activity 5 R. M. Malina

Part II: Keynote Lectures 31

2. Physical activity for obese youth: Implications for chronic disease risk factors 33 P. T. Katzmarzyk

3. Child health needs of young children from families living in social and economic disadvantage 39 G. Naughton, K. Gibbons, and J. Myers

4. School based physical activity interventions can work: How effective are they and what does it take to get them implemented? 43 L. B. Andersen, M. Ried-Larsen, T. Huang, G.K. Resaland, and A. Bugge

5. The companionship of sedentary behaviour, physical activity, fitness, and health-findings from the EYHS (European Youth Heart Study) 51 L.B. Sardinha

6. Genetics of physical activity: A brief summary 63 J. Maia, D. Santos, R. Chaves, T. Gomes, F. Santos, M. Souza, A. Borges, S. Pereira, R. Garganta, D. Freitas, M. Thomis, and V. Diego

7. Training and testing elite young athletes 77 N. Armstrong

Part III: Physiology 87

8. Moderate exercise, energy intake restriction and postprandial triacylglycerol in healthy girls 89 K. Tolfrey, A.E. Thackray, and L.A. Barrett

9. Training increases anabolic and reduces inflammatory response to a single practice in male volleyball players 93 A. Eliakim, S. Portal, Y. Meckel, and D. Nemet

10. Thermoregulatory responses of artistic gymnast young athletes and non-athlete girls during exercise in heat 97 G.T. Leites, P.L. Sehl, G.S. Cunha, A. Detoni Filho, and F. Meyer

11. Lipid profile and presence of dyslipidaemia in physically active and insufficiently active Brazilian adolescents 101 C.M. Tomeleri, D.P. Silva, M.S. Carnelossi, D. Venturini, A.M. Okino, D.S. Barbosa, J.A. Oliveira, E.R.V. Ronque, and E.S. Cyrino

12. Bone ultrasound attenuation of children with Down syndrome: Relations with static stabilometric characteristics 105 B. Ferry, Silva, M. Gavris, S. Serbanoiu, I Hantiu, C. Tifrea, D. Courteix

Part IV: Neuromuscular Issues 109

13. Isokinetic strength of lower limbs and its differences depending on gender, muscle group and angular velocity in children 111 M. Tomáš, Z. František, M. Lucia, and T. Jaroslav

14. Voluntary activation of the adductor pollicis in children: A peripheral magnetic stimulation study 115 V. Martin, V. Kluka, S. Garcia Vicencio, F. Maso, and S. Ratel

15. Changes of postural stability with regard to gender, age and visual control of children 119 Z. František, M. Tomáš, M. Lucia, and G. Tomáš

16. Advancement in the interpretation of isokinetic ratios derived from the hamstring and quadriceps 125 J.R. Pereira, V. Vaz, J. Valente-dos-Santos, M.J. Coelho-e Silva, R. Soles-Gonçalves, J. Páscoa-Pinheiro, A. Areces, and G. Atkinson

Part V: Cardiovascular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness 131

17. Allometric scaling of left ventricular mass in relation to body size, fat-free mass and maturation in 13-year-old boys 133 J. Castanheira, J. Valente-dos-Santos, J.P. Duarte, J.R. Pereira, R. Rebelo-Gonçalves, V. Severino, A. Machado-Rodrigues, V. Vaz, A.J. Figueiredo, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, L.B. Sherar, M.T. Elferink-Gemser, and R.M. Malina

18. Cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement in a large cohort of British children: Does selective attention matter? 139 D.M. Pindus, S. Bandelow, E. Hogervorst, S.J.H. Biddle, and L.B. Sherar

19. Somatic maturity and central obesity as independent predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents 145 D.R.P. Silva, D. Ohara, C.M. Tomeleri, M.F. Souza, M.S. Carnelossi, R.A. Fernandes, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, E.R.V. Ronque, and E.S. Cyrino

20. Association between somatic maturity, physical activity and blood pressure in adolescents 149 M.F. Souza, S.S. Kawagutti, M.C. Tadiotto, D. Ohara, D.R.P Silva, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, E.S. Cyrino, R.A. Fernandes, and E.R.V. Ronque

21. Modelling developmental changes in left ventricular mass using multiplicative allometric and additive polynomial multilevel modelling in boys aged 11–16 years 153 J. Valente-dos-Santos, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, J. Castanheira, E.R. Ronque, M.T. Elferink-Gemser, and R.M. Malina

22. Criterion-related validity of the 20-m shuttle run test in Brazilian adolescents aged 11–13 years 159 M.B. Batista, G. Blasquez, C.L.P. Romanzini, M.J. Coelho-e- Silva, E.S. Cyrino, M. Romanzini, and E.R.V. Ronque

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Part VI: Physical Fitness and Health 163

23. Anthropometric model to estimate body fat in boys using a multicompartmental approach 165 D.R. L. Machado, L.A. Gobbo, E.F. Puggina, E.L. Petroski, and V.J. Barbanti

24. Impact of behaviour determinants on overweight and obesity among Brazilian schoolchildren: Parana Healthy Program 169 D. Pinto-Guedes, D.J.Q. Martins, L.H.S. Martins, and E.R. Roman

25. Weight/height3.034 is a necessary tool in relative body mass estimation of adolescents 173 P.K. Prusov

26. Secular trend of nutritional status and cardiorespiratory fitness in children 177 G. Blasquez, M.B. Batista, C.L.P. Romanzini, E.S. Cyrino, H. Serassuelo Jr, and E.R.V. Ronque

27. Multivariate association between health-related quality of life and physical fitness in female students 181 G.E. Furtado, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, A.J. Figueiredo, and J.P. Ferreira

Part VII: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour 187

28. The effects of a 6-week resistance training programme in children with JIA: A pilot study 189 C. Van Oort, S. Tupper, A. Rosenberg, J. Farthing, and A. Baxter-Jones

29. Nature Ninjas: Piloting a nature-based physical activity and youth development intervention in elementary school children 195 K.A. Pfeiffer, D.R. Gould, C. Vogt, E. Oregon, E. Martin, C. Gammon, and M. Maienbrook

30. The impact of social competence and motor performance on physical activity 199 B. Martin, and J. Hay

31. Association between bone mineral density and physical activity in 12-to-14-year-old underweight boys 203 D. Vaitkeviciute, E. Lätt, J. Mäestu, M. Saar, P. Purge, T. Jürimäe, K. Maasalu, and J. Jürimäe

32. Objectively assessed physical activity and guideline compliance: The Midlands Adolescent Lifestyle Study 209 M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, I. Rego, J.P. Rodrigues, E.S. Cyrino, and A.M. Machado-Rodrigues

33. Physical activity intensity of the Wii Dance game for children 6–9 years of age 213 C.L.P. Romanzini, M.B. Batista, G. Blasquez, T.H. Volpato, E.S. Cyrino, M. Romanzini, and E.R.V. Ronque

34. Validity of accelerometer regression models to estimate METs in adolescents 217 D. Ohara, M.F. Souza, M. Romanzini, D.R.P. Silva, A.C. Dourado, E.R.V. Ronque, F. Adami, and E.S. Cyrino

35. Effects of a 1-year training programme on the skeleton of Down syndrome children 221 M. Gavris, B. Ferry, S. Serbanoiu, I. Hantiu, K. Kiss, G. Lucaciu, C Tifrea, D Courteix

36. Agreement of physical activity assessed by objective and self- reported measures: Variation by weight status 225 A.M. Machado-Rodrigues, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, and J. Mota

Part VIII: Sport Participation and the Young Athlete 229

37. Drop-out in Brazilian youth tennis players: A comparative study 231 F. de Oliveira Matos, R. Assis Garcia, D. Martin Samulski, and S. Soares da Silva

38. Systematized learning assessment in swimming practice 235 A. Custódio-Marques, O. Andries-Júnior, R. Carvalho de Moraes, M. Vinicius-Machado, E.S. Cyrino, and E. Colantonio

39. Importance of the social environment in the development of field hockey expertise 239 K.M. Nieuwenhuis, M.T. Elferink-Gemser, S.C.M. Te Wierike, W. Idema, and C. Visscher

40. Coaches’ judgment about current and future performance level of basketball players 243 S.C.M. te Wierike, E.J. Yvonne-Tromp, J. Valente-dos-Santos, M.T. Elferink-Gemser, and C. Visscher

41. Biological maturation at time of selection and swimming career paths in Flemish swimmers 247 T. Martine, G. Ariane, R. Stien, and L. Matthieu

42. Peak VO2 in prepubertal swimmers 253 M.A. Rodrigues Ferreira, J. Mendes, R. Fernandes, C. Fernando, and A.M. Vences Brito

43. Absolute and scaled peak power assessments in young male soccer players: Variation by playing position 257 V. Severino, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, J.P. Duarte, J.R. Pereira, F. Simões, R. Rebelo-Gonçalves, J. Valente-dos-Santos, C. Castagna, and A.J. Figueiredo

44. Training behaviour in relation to performance development in talented speed skaters: A descriptive study 263 M.T. Elferink-Gemser, I.M. de Roos, M. Torenbeek, W. Idema, L. Jonker, and C. Visscher

45. The anthropometric characteristics of young paddlers and their relationship with paddle set-up and performance 269 R.A. Fernandes, B.B. Gomes, R. Rebelo–Gonçalves, J.P. Duarte, J.R. Pereira, and A. Cupido-dos-Santos

46. Correlation between critical velocity and maximal lactate steady state in adolescent swimmers 273 M.V. Machado, O.A. Junior, A. Marques, E. Colantonio, L.R. Altimari, E.S. Cyrino, and M.T. de Melo

47. Agreement between peak power outputs obtained from the application of common braking force and the estimated optimal load in soccer goalkeepers 277 R. Rebelo-Gonçalves, A.J Figueiredo, J.P. Duarte, J.R. Pereira, R.A. Fernandes, F. Simões, V. Severino, J. Valente-dos-Santos, V. Vaz, A. Cupido-dos-Santos, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, A. Tessitore, and N. Armstrong

48. Agreement between invasive and non-invasive indicators of biological maturation in adolescent swimmers 283 L. Ribeiro, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva, V. Vaz, A.J. Figueiredo, A. van der Sluis, M.T. Elferink-Gemser, M.E. Peña-Reyes, and R.M. Malina

49. Reproducibility of repeated dribbling ability 287 J.P. Duarte, V. Severino, J.R. Pereira, R.A. Fernandes, F. Simões, R. Rebelo-Gonçalves, J. Valente-dos-Santos, V. Vaz, A. Seabra, and M.J. Coelho-e-Silva

50. Allometric modelling of peak power output obtained from a force-velocity protocol in prepubertal boys 293 R. Baptista, A. Cupidos-dos-Santos, J.P. Duarte, J.R. Pereira, R. Rebelo-Gonçalves, V. Severino, J. Valente-dos-Santos, I. Rego, M.J. Coelho-e-Silva1, C.A. Fontes-Ribeiro, L. Capranica, and N. Armstrong

51. Is gymnastics exposure associated with skeletal benefits in the forearm in young children? 297 S.A. Jackowski, M.C. Erlandson, R. Gruodyte-Raciene, S.A. Kontulainen, and A. Baxter-Jones

52. Maturity of children and adolescents belonging to well defined activity groups: Sedentary, leisure, sports 301 I. Fragoso, J. Teles, L. Massuça, J. Albuquerque, and C. Barrigas

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PREFACE

Children and Exercise XXVIII contains the Proceedings of the 2013 Symposium of the European Group of Pediatric Work Physiology held in Curia, Anadia, PORTUGAL. This symposium was hosted by the Research Centre for the Study of Sport and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra.

1968 Dortmund, Germany J. Rutenfranz 1969 Liblice, Czechoslovakia V.S. Seliger 1970 Stockholm, Sweden C. Thoren 1972 Netanya, Israel O. Bar-Or 1973 De Haan, Belgium M. Hebblinck 1974 Sec, Czechoslovakia M. Macek 1975 Trois Rivieires, Canada R.J. Shephard 1976 Bisham Abbey, UK C.T.M. Davies 1978 Marstand, Sweden B.O. Eriksson 1981 Jousta, Finland J. Ilmarinen 1983 Papendahl, Netherlands R.A. Binkhorst 1985 Hardenhausen, Germany J Rutenfranz 1987 Hurdal, Norway S. Oseid 1989 Leuven, Belgium G Beunen 1989 Seregelyes, Hungary R. Frenkl 1991 St. Sauves, France J Coudert, E. Van Praagh 1993 Hamilton, Canada (*) O. Bar-Or 1995 Odense, Denmark K. Froberg 1997 Exeter, UK N. Armstrong 1999 Rome, Italy A Calzolari 2001 Corsedonk, Belgium D. Matthys 2003 Porto, Portugal J. Maia 2005 Gwatt, Switzerland S. Kriemler, N Farpour-Lambert 2007 Tallinn, Estonia T. Jurimae 2009 Le Touquet, France G. Baquet, S. Berthoin 2010 Niagara, Canada (*) B. Timmons 2011 Mawgan Porth, UK C. Williams 2013 Anadia, Portugal M. Coelho-e-Silva

(*) Joint meetings with NASPEM (North American Society of Pediatric Exercise Medicine.

The 2013 International Symposium followed PWP tradition with an emphasis on discussion of issues and research relating exercise, physical activity and sport in children and youth. This volume reflects the formal programme and contains the Josef Rutenfranz Lecture, keynote presentations and 45 “peer-reviewed” communications.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND WORKING GROUPS

Chair Manuel J Coelho-e-Silva University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL

Co-chairs Amândio Cupido dos Santos, António J. Figueiredo, José P. Ferreira [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]

Committee of Honor Emídio Guerreiro [XIX Government of Portuguese Republic, State Secretary]. Litério Marques [Anadia Municipality]. João Gabriel Silva [Rector of the University of Coimbra]. Augusto Baganha [Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth]. Miguel Seabra [Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia]. José Manuel Constantino [President of the Portuguese Olympic Committee]. Pedro Machado [Regional Tourism Office]. Marcos Onofre [Portuguese Society of Physical Education] António Guerra [Portuguese Society of Pediatrics]. Jorge Laíns [Portuguese Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation]. J Fonseca Esteves [Portuguese Society of Sports Medicine]. Davide Carvalho [Portuguese Society for the Study of Obesity]

International Scientific Committee Adam Baxter-Jones [University of Saskatchewan, CANADA]. Alon Eliakim [Tel- Aviv University, ISRAEL]. Christons Kotzamanidis [Aristotl University Thessaloniki, GREECE]. Craig Williams [University of Exeter, UK]. Daniel Courteix [Blaise Pascal University of Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE]. Emmanuel Van Praagh [Blaise Pascal University of Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE]. Gareth Stratton [University of Swansea, UK]. Georges Baquet [University of Lille 2, FRANCE]. Geraldine Naughton [Australian Catholic University, AUSTRALIA]. Han CG Kemper [Vrije University of Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS]. Helge Hebestreit [University of Würzburg, GERMANY]. Joey C. Eisenmann [Michigan State University, USA]. Jorge Mota [University of Porto, PORTUGAL]. José Maia [University of Porto, PORTUGAL]. Lars Bo Andersen [University of Southern Denmark, DENMARK]. Manuel J Coelho-e-Silva [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]. Mark Tremblay [University of Ottawa, CANADA]. Nathalie Farpour-Lambert [Geneve University Hospital, SWITZERLAND]. Neil Armstrong [University of Exeter, UK]. Philippe Obert [University of Avignon, FRANCE]. Robert Malina [University of Texas, USA]. Susi Kriemler [Universit of Zurich, SWITZERLAND]. Thomas Rowland [Baystate Medical Center, USA]. Tim Takken [University Medical Center Utrecht, NETHERLANDS].

Local Scientific Committee Ana Teixeira [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]. Carlos Fontes Ribeiro [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]. Isabel Fragoso [Technical University of Lisbon, PORTUGAL]. João Páscoa Pinheiro [Medical School, PORTUGAL]. Luís Bettencourt Sardinha [Technical University of Lisbon, PORTUGAL]. Luís Rama [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]. Paula Tavares [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]. Raul Martins [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]. Rui Gomes [University of Coimbra, PORTUGAL]

International Organizing Committee Albrecht Claessens [Catholic University of Leuven, BELGIUM]. António Prista [Pedagogical University of Maputo, MOZAMBIQUE]. Chris Visscher [University Medical Center Groningen, NETHERLANDS]. Edilson Cyrino [Londrina State University, BRAZIL]. Kevin Finn [University of Northern Iowa, USA]. Laura Capranica [University di Roma Foro Italico, ITALY]. Lauren Sherar [Loughborough University, UK]. Luíz dos Anjos [Federal University Fluminense, BRAZIL]. Maria Eugenia Peña Reyes [Escuela Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, MEXICO]. Marije Elferink-Gemser [University Medical Center Groningen, NETHERLANDS]. Ning ZiHeng [Politechnic Institute of Macau, CHINA]. Renaat Philippaerts [University of Ghent, BELGIUM]. Richard Fisher [St Mary's University College, UK]. Roel Vaeyens [University of Ghent, BELGIUM]. Sean P Cumming [University of Bath, UK].

Local Organizing Committee Alain Massart. Aristides Machado-Rodrigues. Artur Santos. Beatriz Gomes. Carlos E. Gonçalves. Elsa Silva. Ivo Rego. João Valente-dos-Santos. Maria João Campos. Miguel Fachada. Miguel Oliveira. Paulo Nobre. Pedro Gaspar. Vasco Vaz.

Committee of the Oral Comunication Award Karin Pfeiffer [Michigan State University]. Marije T. Elferink-Gemser [University of Groningen; HAN University of Applied Sciences]. José Pedro Ferreira [University of Coimbra]

Committee of the Poster Presentation Award Lau