FARM

AVON

Mike

James

COUNTY

Chapman

funded

Dave

PRISTON Bond

in

Green

by

(Historic

collaboration

undertaken

ENGLISH

(Archaeo’ogy

PLANNING

1991

SURVEY

(Historic

BY

Agricultural

by

HERITAGE

with

Ecology)

&

I)EPARTMENT

Documentary) Buildings)

C cJ, ‘:

7 1 4 rfl: ‘112

11ACKGROUNI

Appendix

Wilmington

Village Priston

North

Inglesbatch

Pressbarrow Church

Priston

Priston

Grading

Fieldnames

Overall The

Method

Historical

Building

I3ACKGROUNI)

Physical

Hill

New

Wood

Mill

Character

Farm

Farm

THE

(‘C)

Materials

(fieldnames)

Outline

Farm

Farm

Manor

Farm

Farm

Farm

NT

Landscape

Area

FARMS

rro

ENTS

Farm

TIlE

REPORT

SURVEY

43 38

35

30

26

33

18

50

II

15

10

10

8

2 7

or•i

rest

buildings. adoption

material,

appears sources

several

few

Priston

used

Limestone

neighbouring

material

centrally

foundation

issues Wilmington

outcropping

indicator streams

efforts

limestone the Oolite

clay

only

early

have

continuing

relatively

perimeter

along

principal

the

except

x and

I

65m)

exposed

Building

Laid

of

‘various

The

number

more

The

blocks

as

solatcd

is

gradually

been

19th

1 c

between

the the

such

continue

a

to

for

miles poorly

and

to

to

parish

in towards

of

within

dressing.

but

1

in

permeable

Physical

It

the

IIS1

good,

of

spring—line

have of

parish

by

century

which

streams

the

the

hi

more

introduced

of

blue

that

is

onward

elsewhere

forms

Priston as

of

situation

Wilmington

there

Hamlet

h

of

the

parishes,

chemical

south-west

to

noticeable

c

Pennant

Materials.

URIC

downs

east

drained,

of

towards

Pensdown

the

sumps

their

been

brick

both

particularly

Pr

to

Lias

the

or

forms

is

r.und. the

Priston

underlying

The

onward.

is of

be

limestone

near

which

less

almost

into

Landscape

inferiorOolitic

respective

west,

is

I

preceded

however west

also Priston

at

formed

pantiles,

as

made ANl)SCAPE

among

limestone

on

and

buildings

Sandstone

the

action.

a the

in

the,

being

roughly

Wilmington

a

that

of

the

Bath.

large

forms

Down,

the

dressing.

Hill,

some

this white

but

which,

A

sink-holes flow

entirely

western Bath.

Liassic

to

Ofl

Avon.

only

different

the

village

and

by

lower

Carboniferous

mainly

drain

geological

high-quality stands

for

manorial

Keuper

probably

a

Red

region the

Pressbarrow

r-

at

coursed

erosion

has

use

the

compact

coribes

towards is

.

Its

BACKGROUND

Midford

zigzag were

a

traditionally

Wilmington

upper

limestone

furnished

more

Although

SURVEY

short boundary.

brick

limestone

and slopes

junction

main

being

to

of

and

high

used

situation

where

for

Marl

the

found

territories.

Welsh

improve

is

from

and

(

random

slopes,

component

the

period

mi area

prominent,

geoIogcal

nO

is its

Sand,

arches,

not

the

on north

at

in

Great

begins

n

and

not

S—panti!es

of

Mill water

and

mum

north-east

coal-bearing Wilmington

(also

with

geological

the

OP

a

l3ridgwater,

severe.

olabout

most

Here

or

which

prevails however

—

known

0.

these

although

ledge

at

common and

but Farrnborough

rubble

this

Midford

past

PRiSTON

Devonshire

Oolite

are

qtloins

double-Roman

the

at

to

has

common,

height there

—

both

of

component

Tunley

ground.

REPORT

The

strata,

and

Wilmington)

outcrop

located

outcrops of

as turn

-,

arc

as

l800acres

the

along

penetrated

or

largely

extremity

landslips

extensive

Oolite

freestone

are

upland

village

r

Sand.

the

soil

35m

until and

and

it

featured

down

provide

blocks,

of

strata.

d

and

to

AND

is

only

the

A

with

the

‘Red

along beside

is

slate,

Pensdown,

Common, the

dressings, )

consist on

curious

the

Springs

is

just

and

over

often

on

the

ii

central

and

meadows

er

century

occupying

a

WILMI

Liassic

pantiles

the

the

south

have

Further

this the

under-drainage

the

at

was

which

Ground’,

which

early

few

where

downs

parish

the

above

generally

hamlet

their

Wilmington.

most

brashy,

blue

predominant

of

predominant

intermittent

feature

common

are

extensively

flat

upper occurred

,

isolated

which

the

and

by 20th

limestone

NGTON

presumably

they

begins

probably

separate

except

is

has

or

therefore

they

downstream

its

ridge

of

max

10.

a

lie

the

inferior

intercut

was

and

the

woodland,

relatively

reaches

spring

stand.

on century.

tending

are

of

this

more

widespread

join

‘outliers’

mum

which

to

geological

underlying

drainage around

this

for

always

domestic

while

appears

capped

1991

building

bands

streams.

outcrop

and

and

from

roofing

used

plentiful

Oohitic

Only

by

or

a

which

before

area

of

height

from

to

few

open

rises

clay.

and

less

the

four

the

the

bill

the

the

the

in be

an

of

by

of

to

a

is is z

C

:7.

1

C

1

C

3 ccz C

PRISTON

L]1 Features Kcuper Rhacoo Midlord 8ueWhe Las Oo1ic

- GEOLOGY lay Mal cray Limctorie Sand

Loss of damp Stepsdd

Bith f Snd

+ 1o hmcstone Midiord

Aspaus [ VCfg’S * Fullcr’ CLE dtchcs

cbvj ical ixvs

Erth Interest. dayj

jurisdiction

(which

there same

was

to this cultivation

from water

personal location Wilmington the already Grove)

holding Wilmington thought

hearths’. common of

Domesday known west

together

mentioned manor

Priston hook

previously Athelstan

settlement.

during

manors

northern established

hilltop

Priston

Historical

iiea uft

iiges(s

1111

assemble,

woodland

THE

Although

UHE

Although

defences

part

059

a FHE

sector

y

an relerences

was

shows

corn-mill

site

i

further

enti

slabs

with

‘Larnrnasfield

probably

camps.

which,

Roman

become

of

village.

to

remain

office

of

with

of

is

MEDIEVAL

‘demesne’

one

SAXON

with

IThe

certainly

AN(1EN1

chip

perimeter

for

in

about

:

have

belonged

unknown, Survey

the

of

in

along

Stanton

al

copse

its

that

of

steep

o

possibly Outline

and

about

the

possible

consisting

evidence

six,

the

of

rest

Priston thatLh

the

the

country.

by

called

ng

which, own Wessex.

Although

interior

times

stil

‘a

occurred a

today

Wilmington

30

boundaries

by

replaced

the

properties

last

separate

presumably

of

Domesday

the

the

neighbouring

may

a

to

shows

934 ESTATE

some

acres(’one

1086

appearing property.

scries

sufficiency

city

to

was

the

Prior of

imply

included

Farm’

in

aliernatis

sSLd

but

thousand

middle

the

BOUNDARIES

a

boundary

according

much

MANORS

from

suggest

AD

an

Oolite

the

fair

the

of

Wilmington

These

tenements,

form

as

Priston

wideR

of

that no

an

there

earlier

manor,

of

Prior’s

scrub

and

to

ande

a

village

near

a

in

later

in

later

sized

earlier

Bath,

as

signs

ages,

ancient firmer

manor

survey.

result

about

of These

the

but

Camerton in

of

at

the

an

virgate’

an

e

three

is

years.

they

Corston,

of

manors

between

to

the

the

the

used

(then

periods,

and

the

manurtal

area

prehistoric

abbey

even

and

no

Chamber’,

charter

Saxon

At

farmstead

he

of

and

their

cultivated

had

street.

belonged

structure),

of

a

about

same

North

I

was

base

were

use

mill

reason charters

(with

rough prehistoric

upland

)th

Some

B

third

the

to

in

containing

tinusually.

lof

its

pronounced

earlier

become

may

valuation,

Anglo

(later

to

this

parish.

this

of

hp

centur)

suggests

held

largely

inclusion

seems village, time

Because

the

ot

in

size.

arabic

20

a

residence,

the

of gate

Marksbury)

m

pasture,

of

to

day

thousand

the account

estate

roadsays

accordance

region

there

to

already

division

land,

in

two

this,

priory>

a also

rmn

west.

from

this

of

doubt

The

Saxon

a

in

one

rectory,

all,

B

to

there rear

coincide

occupation

land

a

separate

110

the

this

that

appear

manors,

perhaps

centred

the

wood

the

have

‘Prishton’)

centred

show

but

in ‘woodland’

thatch

village

before

were

of

the

Another

besides

eoirnpiesw

as

slope

probably

for

at

that

existed

in

the

Domesday

in

is

‘in!

it

city.

years

mill

manor

charters

its associated

the

no

may

Bath,

was

and

the

disappeared no

prehistoric

Priory

called

to

the

that

‘Burghal

with with

located

at

name,

property

on

iR

ot

customary on

manor

these

was

the direct

I

Although

succeeding

also

have

fields,

a

also

ago,

he

the

ha\

Priston

have

charter

vas

medieval

the

within the

together

Stantonbury

cross

was

Priston

those

b\

‘Leomannes

megalithic

by

its

show

may

not

ere

contained

e

seven

ur

heen

an materials

meaning

Survey

hamlet

stable

road

and

the

administered

in

house,

with

\et

while

already

military been

rising

Hidage’

times.

called

noted

area

a s

where

OiC

the of

a

at once

suggests

a

line

there

part

al

of

that

that

been

tenements

linking

mill

was

with

acres

the

hundred

an

sarious

association

Chari

an roc.f

village,

of

at

average part

noted

of

both

but

here

12th

‘Lemonsfeld’ status

early

of have

‘Coppice

a

the

people

present

a

they

Wilmington

stone Camp.

became

a

has

are

Wilmington,

granted earlier found

that

tenure,

the

Graf’

Norman

well-established

of

at

si

of

at

the

Wilmington

that

for

manors

century

of

ugi

boundaries

ne

signs

b

occupied

Village

neighbouring

timber neighbouring

Wilmington

were

stage been

a

provided

yards

each

capacity

or

wall

in

lord’s

roof

(Leoman’s

large

were

e

group

Domesday

in

the parish,

the

available,

Iron-Age

which

con

‘ancient between

by

the

village’,

of

Priston.

church

held

Ida

largely

and

with

pitches

bailiff

above

south

of

v

had

wood

there

tracts

used

rse

joint

F

own

King

now

hen

new

that

had

the

for

i

the

for

irro

the

its

to

is

in

of

a

a 1

Barrow

Romano-BfltiSh FarmStead

there

of

of rabbit

here actually

was centuries.

indications a deliberate

woodland 128010

Lammasfield

Priston, by quarter).

that

medieval

preserved and and

enclosures

Whiddlecombe

ram,t 3 nt

ploughing,

fieldworks,

r

of

Lower

neighbourhood,

North,

has

pattern

of

site •a

maintenance difficult

has

completely l’own’ bridge

hqtjsh

W.lnii 1 igtoi.

Bath I

wooded

I X)

97() I

which l’he

the

,

the

granted

his The

conforming

earl)

Wilmington which

they

‘I

at

1

always

had yet

warren ‘I

he

village.

and

(seollrey ‘Further

St.Loe

he

—

terrain

(East)

large

kept

is

of

South.

at although

name). a variable

probably

group

been A in

were can

policy

maps to Priston

I

retained

or

series greater

stream

land

common e 1 ’ture

may

the

Wells

that

1

licence

at

to

but

date.

at

some prevailed.

Sr

waste

still new

area

has

still

Mdii the

would

Cheesemoore

Field.

of

‘Conygre’,

family east

‘osuad.

a used

in ol

have

as

were East

and was wood

to

Moor’

and

(‘hampenevs of

Down,

which

been whu

survives

thc.

could did

significance nature

of

Common it

of be

wh;th

Prior which

huuses

on

a

it in

the

of

medieval for ‘r

end

ground

no

amble

behind

sepante

there

inerel>

the fields

for provided

bridge identified. is

the

This

hat

owe

and

one Farm,

which

although

of usual

found

could

‘ recorded

‘right

doubt

The near

once

‘hunt of

“I

with

not

of t’

adjoining

medieval the of

the

runs

Newton

of

c on

are the

West,

work-service

Bath

bca.n

parish

on

the

fields

newly

the

at Mill

Held. ‘I

whith raIled clear

pattern manor cultivation Wilmington.

of his field-terraces

clearance

Prior

have

in

still

belonged the

occupies

and

hamlet

and

frequent

Middle

the

in

a

in Bulford

ir

street

free terrain

l’ng

Wilmington, Wilmington

cuitable by ideal

there estates

on i

Wa

his the

Farm.

west

without a

fowl

west

is

be

below

how

broken

However, St.Loe,

disappeared

could fields,

eec still

king

I

S

was,

practice

old

warren’ of

manor

past

particularly

I

the

which

more obtained

English

‘uthbnx

oraiing i:’

noin> is

side as

documentary medieval

a

in

(rather

side in

r.’t

to

Ridge-and-furrow

it

near

aerial

Edward

hunting

to

of

vet>

and

ci early nevertheless,

‘illage hunt

and

the

Wilmington

any

Priston

the

came

tined

for

The or

t was densely

the

of of

idence

of

vines

carries

in

had

Bath.

may of

said at ‘I

‘lynchets’

but which

there

Common

ancient

word

Wilmington. clear

the k’

agricultural land

than

the small as

the

photographs.

Prior

there

latter

Potterne,

th also

pan Pnst

in

ground.

rabbit

I

dunng to

its

street.

well . there 1395

warren’ therefore seems

now

village,

in parish

demesne

the By

that for

are

‘r by

Open for populated

the

be

own

references

of

in game.

appears

included

w 1275,

for

are

site.

piecemeal

endowed the

the man>

Copse,

warrens,

last ‘Rabbit

is seems gil’

held its his divided

on parish the

Field the

known to

Sheep ‘Fields’;

with

ei,idence

industrial

meaning

a

Field at

around

medieval middle

can

pigs

Strangel>.

the

use,

vineyards

but

hold

with

‘i’

have thirty

A

particularly

middle

lands

villagers

his

They

by

other

of

‘reisaqe

‘Breach’ to

similar

than

unlikely, steeper

road

be

among

it

to

warren’.

to

and

System,

have

p into

h>

pleasure. an

it

the the

with Wilmington.

produced is

‘assart’),

have

the

of

made an

the years ages

Pressharrow

ct

probably

signs

important

vary

‘potter’s ages

that

toda>.

unlikely the

sheep

to

condition

fabric

fuel

Priston

a

Priory.

four

Upper

boundary

shapes

(commuted

tic

were slopes

licence

e a

elongated

p.r.

bath

the

been

‘Lemonsfield’,

Sax

field-names,

a out

L

As

great

and

which

spectacular

although because

from

n,eqtion and

during e

wood Again,

which

‘Fields’

‘I

possibly

when

common

a

there

responsi’le

on

(West)

and

remained

ii

he

ms

that

oer

house’,

a

The

at which

widely although

clue

common

•

r

was

that variety

The

the

mixed

suggest

1%

name Pensdown

Pensdown hedges,

farm.

as

once

Stanton

weic

rabbits

the

no are

strips

demo,ihed

of

this

of

. pathway

to to

the

rectangular

the

.

granted

or ‘tae

suggestion

producing Field

suggest C

sign

V

there the

extensive this

denoting

lit

no

and dispersed

fields

I

e’cistcd

‘Westend economy

13-14th —

an districts, 2d

is stream

of

such

bishop

men

th

that owned

several in

I signs

lan above

origins

were Prior

I

shown

I

area

of

Lindee and

each early

well

ir

tie’

s

Hill

Hill

are

mi

this

in

a

this a

of of

to

the

a

a

i.; in CID

C’,

C’,

C

0 0

-e C’,

crc.

junction

iLai

dealt

hanged

tenants Southwick

house

being Manor

Augmentation

mentioned identical

member

the

middle

the Charity

annually

school original

being

the

Reverend

taking these she Trowbridge,

about

remarried

demesne

Priston

the

whilst

17th

at

included

cost

the

river on

manors

(‘orston

barm

winter

lease,

[he

hich

No Prision

However,

Dissolution,

common

Nevertheless,

Long

the

TUDOR

also monastery

signs

dcsrgn

Pnory

centuries

of

with

carried

estates

paid

somewhere

Avon,

appears

became

1588

doubt

place

being such

at

Farm

in

south

settled

ages

carriage

Commissioners

grazing

of

of

is

was

barony,

outlived.

with

and

family

on

Crewkerne

the

land

of

1593

elsewhere or

in

during

William

for

indicated

near

were

the

the

‘1

Rebecca

as

for

an

in

that

St.Luke’s perhaps

fields

cost

whose

out any

on

ANI)

let

about

all

(‘ompton

west

eventually

here

the

the

the

to

noted

(mostly

the

Office,

Bilby

there

the

in

three the

for

upland

Trowbridge

a

this

to

and

beginning

occasional

to

hac

thesc

by

and

and Priston

other

of

the

one-acre

the

‘Old

in

chantry

new

1539,

administrative

It

corner

Ewe

v

farm

poisoning

landscape

the

of

STUART

a

estate

1615

Owsley,

the

was

the

crc

their

for

was

is

by

family.

for

Hundreds

married

in

h

bailiff

18th

manor

the

been accommodation

Priston,

first

cliangt

Ousely

in Priory

ot

drove

lords

thanks

day

I

carriage

sheep

hock

village in a

the the

in

regritar

the

the has

confiscated

)ando.

probably

English

to

descendants

of

overlordship’

their

sold

lease

century.

light

was

the

to

freehold

1877.

to

gradually

County manor

visits.

(patron

and

Henry

exhibition

such

ford

in

Nothing

had

of

he

his he

of

of way,

Hugh

of

OWNERSHIP

to

s

Henry

raising

worth

rent’

meantime.

to

inherited

woods

Wiltshire,

in

of

in

of

where

Sheep

served

ex.

manor parish,

those

let

hayward

often

Bath

Lansdown

Another

wife.

whom

been

the

at

affairs

after

a

the

Wellow,

the

the

The

of

although

also

to

well

Sherfield,

hanges

in

Sexey,

plot

Newbndge

or

of

and

Long

2s

taking

determination

and

further

iarmers,

of

Priston

parish

times.

and

the

for

farm

their

cartloads

were

granted

1615),

as Hundred,

1550s

of

and

were Priston

estates

in

per

being

the

preserved

in

called

four

of

was

leased

selected

curious

nearly

butchers

four

with

a

19th

demesnes’.

Wilmington

the

wardship

of

of

founder

the

t

on

annum,

of

place Steward

Keynsham

stimulus

lord

kept

Through

it

church

is

not

loads

remained

Whaddon

acquired

land, from

For

MP

to

farmed

Southstoke

often

is

century,

scholars sheephouses

the

in

of

Larnp

the known

manor,

church).

not

along

in

of

200

not

Christopher

perhaps

resident on

of

property

free

at

the

from

nearly

series

for

north

Weston.

wood

in

day

of

which

hOt

surprising

of

of

which

this

including

of

by

Priston the

presided

years.

clear

succeeding

t

Long

her,

wood

Salisbury

Similarly,

with

out.

Close’

socage

Bruton

about

Rebecca

was

Priston

while

to

the

and at

among presumably

his

under

at

time.

near

the

side

of

Owsley

to

twenty

Sleights’

at

day

much

Oxford, the

the

how

in

where

change

had

Although

granddaughter

courtrolls

a

Bath.

The

unaffected

Chew)

family

or

enclosure

the

this

and

number

paid

,fe

of

Salisbury,

Priston,

(later

any

over anparentR

and manor

hospital,

to

the

end

the

business

fuel

Bayly,

by

the

been

the

Bath

can Long

close

and

top

find

the

years

P’

centuries.

property,

the

donated

pacture

livestock

administration

criminal

a

involved

a not

tenants.

of

and

(meaning

flock

the

from

where

becoming

were

up

certain

rP

be

rent

donated

of

‘chief

Southampton

of

annual

that

of

of the

which

the

and

to

‘in link

tru1iIct

Court

until

of

a

by

after

the

Tunic>’

followed

learned

of

Priston

the

other

after

was

of

lw

establish

jthe

details

wealthy

then

the

the

chief’

16th

these

grounds

Rebecca

a

this

their

although

There only

same

between

proceedings

Priston

on

late

Roger

the

rent’

a

the

agreement

as

Priston

the

rent

at

adjoining

Baron.

driven

one-acre

convent’s ‘sheep

whose

c

chantries

“Lamb

a

managed

century

rent

farm

remained

Hill

reforms

of

the events, other

atererwu

16th

stock

stayed

n

dissolution

as

sum are

provided

in

of

was

included

of

m

the

Francis.

clothier

her

Line

and

in

part

of

end

1584

to the

it

(near

man

the

across

of

not

death

and

£28.14.8

Here

pastures’

ii

was

a Close”)

manors

changes

may

1568.

and

right Priston,

strip

his

rohv

court

Tuney

lid Pristcn

at by

by

but

Crown

I

whom

of of

were

of

Prior\

from has

clear,

wood

early

by

was

with

still

the

the

the

with

the

the

the old

land

the ‘the

she

the

be

At

I

the

the

in

of

In

of

to

aW a

was few contemporary

Bath, for retirement survey The

Lammasfield more

preliminary no and appears

success known William seem of

In one

up, \‘ictualling the

the possibly

part

Wilmington

been

century

banks the

severely. crossed.

Longwood for

seem

hy accommodation

become

ancvokes orders

18th nei

land

heer with

the

Egmont.

longer

the

the

Some THE hbouring

Much

possibly intermarriage

remaining

north-eastern

the

of

In

changes

carried

her

of ancient

century.

had

at greatly

to

or

early

Dunkerton

and

to

the

tenants

1757

for

Bath

for

was the

ditches,

when

have

this

least

soon

husband

A

less

GEORGIAN

Davies

marking

have

The

a

woodee

always

any

court

many

ditches,

his

from

the

consolidation to

further

which

Office,

1790s

made

Several

particular

assessment

Turnpike

mit Priston process

wood

Copse.

as

restricted.

since

occurred

divided

appears

after

prevent

partially

a

deeds problem

architectural

sign

who

tenants.

woodland,

repair

Most

become

a

shaft

business

at office

properties

gripes

that

ways

result

been ),

William edge

between

an

and

itself

a

similarly

at

complication

this

this

here

then

were

who

was

new

repleoti of

there

surveys

show

of

of

estate

was

Wilmington,

many

to

them

Trust)

into

there

during

in

enclosure

IMPROVERS

which

used date. was

a

time,.

of

Particularly

the

of

and problem, Incidents

originated

more

of

these

of

eventually

have

in

appears

termed

is

generation

regular

of

particularly

sunk 1783

the

were

his

the

the

throughout

are

consolidated

the

the

Davies, concerned

manorial

map

work

partly

breaking

radical

seems

ne

other

the

was

for

Apart

were

which

analogous

been

this

frequent.

often

North

death

farms

scattered

existing

general Long

to

at

seems

others

already

Egmont

of

‘common

fulling,

was

to

appears

a

at

occurrence,

of

the

his

period.

resolved

watercourses

partly

taken

as

to

Priston further

now

from

etc

sold sold

have

Bath,

changes

Agent

has

met

noticeable

overgrazing

in

of

Somerset

and

hedges

can

have

newly

western

a

through

brought

t

‘[lazelland

with

the

It

farm

strip

pattern

relating

large

arid

1774

being survived

holdings

Access

off to

only

perhaps stubborn

hive

and

an

was

during

properties

continued

blocks

Parker

to

still

but

country

solved

been woodcarriers

was

exploration

William

Victualler

the

later

soon

interest

have

(.cw

acquired

of

(especially

buildings

when

took

grist-mills

in

surviving

also in

end

leased

the

about

but

be een

‘-I

scrub

commissioned Coalfield).

of

illegal

are

replaced

the

this

between

1731

families,

in

of

(oppressing)

passing

to after

•

to been

with

of

Wood’

hedges.

identified

the

of complaints

resistance

place belonging

responsible

by

the

the

the

Jenkins c’;.rred

land,

to

show

in

early

the

in

the

1w

period,

Conygre.

to

growing

residence

fields.

is

cropping

William

of

the

follow

i.cotii

the more

Ireland.

indicates

the

number

manor

17th

for

farmers

the

old

as

Southdown

or

in

in mentioned

responsihihty

in

Gibraltar.

through

which

each

the

years

the

that

and

exploration

Georgian

a

no

coal laying

the hedgebreakers’

mit,

individual

Priston, the

tenements,

of

ht

century

or

field

perhaps

to

today,

from

Despite

extent

a

enclosed

significant

in

passed

from

of

for

London,

common

This

area. Priston

Jenkins’

less

c,.

late

centred

In

of

policy

the

at

of and

during

of

in

Set

once

that

the

trespass

surveys

name

Combe

orders

1727

their

hedges

the

the

out

wealthy

1764

complete.

17th

C.Harcourt

however encroachment

particularly

The

by

It as

of

and

Lugfall Hedge

a

building,

with

to

many

grew

of

responsibility became,

great

owners

was for

18th

these

cirtt’uiar

the

being

‘0 but

the

a of

on

the

strips

death,

land.

his

and

century

grazing

which

for

title

although

improvement.

commissioner

for

agricultural

Grove

or

a

at

between

coal

a

closing

and

the removal

a

a

on

during

daughter

mill

Lord

along

century,

later

new

deal

view of

a

[)yrham

shrouding

changes.

pigs

farmstead

was

hedges

number

‘Mill

‘newly

development

By

curious

appears

the

there

of

whole

the often

(Priston

met

Masters

by

by

seems

following

seems

ii

of

outside

Percival,

co’ alterations,

the

to

the

not

the

to

north

years

inheritance, on

older

the the

the

crest

Farm’ neighbours

rebuilding

of

with

have

wear

soon

its dealt

Elizabeth of

land

Park

manor

boundary

followed

re-built’,

late

common

between

There

changes

ccii

array

much

existing

of

time

land

to

to

of

to

tenants

of sale

A

(better

lies

side

which

of wood.

is

Bath.

some

been

rings

have

have

after

trees

have

they

first with

Earl new

new

17th

ElM and

the

the

his

of

on

of of

at

as

is

of

of

is a

l8thJl9th

century

Quames

Course

propoced

of

developments

(Lias

between

vrtous

hmestone)

rnthays 1846-63 initiated by William Dairiesin 1792.This workwas carried out under the managementof hi nephewGeorge Vaughan.whosefamilywerealt Victuilli, g Agents and navalnien,apd whi may have been responsible for many technical inPovati)I1 elsewhere in the manor. lie hid lcascd MillFarmfrom his uncle,wherehe kepta trainof a d en mules I r haulage.and it ma> hairebeen he who installedthe iron mill wheel and gearing(mentioned in 1792)andenlarged the wheel pit in orderto gainmtiire power. I hecoal pit accountsshowthat thec Ilierslocated several seams of coal during 1793 and proceededto re open WilliamJenkins’old pit, but hr some unstated reason the work was suddenlywound up earl> in the following year. possibly as a result of Vaughan or other members of his family bein; recalled for active service following the outbreak of the war with France In an> event, William Davies himselfdied in 1798,and theprojectwas postponedindefinitely.Alltheatovementioned changescharacterise the new ‘owner-improier’ who appears in this area towards the end of the 18thcentury, stimulatedby the expandingtouristandexportmarketsof Bathand Bristol,and encouragedby John Billingsleyand the Bathand WestSociety.

Similarchanges also tookplace in Wilmingtonafter 1792when the manorwas sold by Sir Thomas (‘hampeneys to William Gore-Langtono( Newton Park. A survey was carried out a few years later, and during the early years of the 19th century the estate was completely reorganisedwith most of the land consolidatedaroundManorFarm.The remainingfields, on the eastern side of the manor, beinç then incorporated into the neighbouring lands of Park Farmand PennsylvaniaFarmbelongingto the Gore-Langtonsin NewtonSt.Loe. NINEI’EENTHCENTURY DEVELOPMENTSAt about this lime certain other projects were initiated, either by William Daviesor by succeedingmembers of the Vaughan-Jenkins’ family who inherited the manor from him in the early 19thcentury, such as the I Kmfeeder canal to supplementthe mill, and the rebuildingof Bulfordbridge.There wasalso an increase in quarrying for lime-burning in Priston, and the sites of at least six limekilns have been identified, each with its adjoining quarry. Initially lime was only produced for mortar, whitewash or caustic, but the availability of coal made it increasingly useful as a mineral fertiliserduringthe 19thcentury,probablylimitedinthis instanceto localconsumption.

Inthe earlydecadesof the centurya designedfarmsteadwas laid out at NewFarmbasedon a regular, if small scale, ‘model farm’ plan, being the only instance of a ‘rationalised’ farmstead in Priston,and having more in commonwith the ‘high’ farming methodsfound in the neighbouringmanor of Engliahcombe.In the l830s the fine ‘Manor House’was built in the village, but it appears to have been mainly let out and was only occasionallyoccupied by the Vaughan-Jenkins’who continued to reside at Combe Grove. John Hammond,the Rector of Priston, built a new Rectory House in 1821(now ‘Priston Race’) which involved the replacement of part of the old lane to Lammasfield from Priston Lane with a new access through the churchyard from the poorhouse which he converted to a school-room in 1838. This lane is now a parish road whichoccasionallyproduceshumanremainsduringpipelaying, while the school-roomcontinues to serie as the village hall. The old rectorywas demolished and replacedwith a range of farmbuildings,now convertedto dwellings, while the adjoining paddock, known as ‘the Greenhayes’ in the 17th century (now ‘Grinneys’), became a ‘pleasure ground’.The house at Rockhillwas also built about this time on the site of an old limekiln and quarry replacing ar earlier house which the estate map shows on thc pposite side of Horsepoollane.

Sarious proposalswere madein the l840s by the GreatWesternRailwayto linkthe North Somerset C’oalfieldwith Bath by a line from Radstock. This would hat paste I through Pnston tia I ammisfield, Priston tillage nd the Mill beforecontinuingon to Newtni St I oe md l’wertcn, but nothing c mc th se sthcmc Ihe irriga ior is stem whichcot ncctc’I the. Mill pots it Wdecmr nual w ia ist llcd it iliut lust mc Althc ‘ li cdoi i Cs ft

teflecting

marked

the iboundaries,

unique this

produce

slopes

with

increase

some enlarged

sited

themselves farms Cornwall,

Priston. were this

at

along

remained

the

boundary

wrought

close

stationary

springwater

which and

using

the

‘tntury

had

manor

origtnall>

the

Although

Overall

growth

MODERN

GWR

respect

eastern

It

day.

Coal

a modernisation

here

in

set-aside also

was

end

of of

of

traditional

the

growing

local

still

after

larger

always

a

The

in

and

After

or

the

the

iron

Priston

individual

varied

moderately

mining

for

at

within

of

course between

sold

new

followed

of

being

entrance

engine

survives.

a

returned

it

roads

Character

character

Tunley

combes. supply was

acceleration

the

century

WWI,

a

long

boilers

much

the

would

units,

POSTSCRIPT

WWII

railway

has

residential

maintained

under

recreational

response

middle

written

convened

broken

materials living

was

urban

of

and

brake)

recently

(now

1840

ownership

of

although

to

detached

of

.

subsequently

salvaged

the

to

The

appear

productive

This

has

Nevertheless,

the

settlement

revived

of similar

farnibuildings

most

link

Priston

the

memory.

and

into

84

old ages.

up

Priston,

to

was

estates

used

left

introduction

in

housing.

pit

the

to

and

to

plough.

changing

been

also

and

of

role,

to

production

international

Somerset

the

the

from

both

also

residential

proved

from

its

circumstances,

and

The

in

rights

the

and

as

be

techniques.

is

until

incorporated

that

patterns),

belonging leases

family

adopted, Priston

mark

as

and

Hunting

its

characterised a

enlarged

typical the

farms

by

Vaughan-Jenkins

the

the

was

it

This

dictated

horse-trough)

the

‘closed’

economic

its

(including

to

to

is

the

pit

the

of

original

local

on

of

Coal

still

closure

the

has be

instead

during

dwellings.

last

when

has

and

and

steam-powered

some

village

of Mill

markets

and

it

the

more

was

to

Associated

Ri

fishery

continued

collieries

predomtnantly

remains

extensive

by

Canal.

the

removed

houses

to

manorial

Earl

Wilmington

with

buildings

unimproved

a

farmsteads, this

conditions,

in

Farm,

of

also

the

Priston

its

the

more

new

successful,

Avon

by

itself

the

the

Temple

of

physical

The

of

farms purpose.

and

past

recent

essentially

This

reserved

estate

from

its

early

shaft

(now

farms,

Bath

Priston,

Pressbarrow to

influenced

status.

programme

many

with

retains village

area

work

Saxon

two

thirty

at

maintain

agricultural

outside

also

a

but

at

(successor appearance

was

l930s.

an a and

being

Wilmington,

pasture

and

situation,

reservoir

and

this

and

which

but

water

of

of

mid-l9th

Priston

to

agricultural

was

and

from

years

its

came

an many

or

sunk

the

Bristol

the

between

new

was

the

the

acquired

ancient

the

by

contact

particularly 18th was

even

reservoir)

good

still existing

has

older

their

Farm

keeper’s

lordship

has

in

was the

plans

to

management near

of

machinery

of

therefore parish,

of

canied

century

during

always

century

exists

1906

the

nothing,

fishing

prehistoric

the

seen

provision

where new

broken

1840

features,

outline labourers

and

landscape.

with

NaiIwell.

were

by

farms

fields

Gore-Langtons)

can

on

the

lodge

during

line

on

the

influenced

the

New

out

that

landscape.

84

been

the

became

a

could

‘egg-ended’

the

proposed

still

the

up

towards

farmsteads

despite tends

but

remaining

being

boiler

have

of

Duchy

Longwoc

of

village

era. although

patterns

erected

cottage’;

and

Farm southern

origins

able

much

steeper

be

though

the

renewal

a

the

still

to

The

been

less piped

seen.

built

sold

of

by

an

19th

to

In

be

the

of

pit

in

by

to

of

be

at

a d BACKGROUNI) To THE SURVEY

Me (hod

‘1he histonc landscape of Priston md Vvilmington was examined from three different aspects:

a. Archaeological. Most of the archaeological information obtained for this surey as dedsed from the files of the County Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) under the superision of the County SMR Officer and, i’ turn, a!! ncv. information obtained during the survey sill provide a supplement to these files. fhe folleing collections of aerial photographs were also examined: Vertical: Flights of 1971, 1976 and 1991, in the County collection. Oblique: All flights in the collections of the County and the Royal Commission for Historical Monuments (Swindon). Valuable topographical details were also received from inhabitants with long experience of the landscape, particularly Mr.Fry of Priston.

Relevant documentary material was consulted at the Reference Libraries at Bath and Bristol, the British Manuscript Library, the Public Record Office, and the Record Offices of Somerset, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Access to the Vaughan-Jenkins papers was provided by Mr.T.Hughes of Priston.

The following maps were of particular use; Priston manorial estate map of William Davies c.l793 (Vaughan Jenkins papers) and contemporary estate maps of Englishcombe and Newton St.Loe. Priston tithe map of 1840 (Somerset RO) and contemporary tithe maps of the neighbouring parishes. County first edition OS maps at one inch (1810-17) and at 25 inch (1884). Various county maps of the 18th and 19th centuries at large scale by Donne, Day and Masters, and Greenwood, including James Thorpe’s map of Bath and district of 1742.

All the sites identified by these means were visited, and their details plotted onto current 1:2500 basemaps. Wherever possible a photographic record of each site was made in black and white, In only one instance was a measured survey necessary. As the whole survey took place at intervals between June 1991 and February 1992, it was possible to fieldwalk several sites when ploughing allowed in order to quickly ascertain their location and extent. Although the occupation area of Priston village has high archaeological potential, particularly in the old Rectorial grounds to the south-east of the church, no detailed examination in the immediate vicinity of the houses was possible. As with the rest of the survey, the archaeological aspect must be regarded as open-ended and in no way definitive, particularly with respect to prehistory. It is based on the best knowledge of the day, in which the techniques and understanding of the subject are continually being improved.

ccLggjcgj. 1 he historical ecology was surveyed between June and August 1991 Selected hedgerow sections ‘,ere studied, 132 in all, and the numbers of shrubs, standard trees and selected ground flora within each section ere counted and recorded on standard forms For ease of reference, a geographical feature ‘has taken as a starting point icr each hedge. eg the corner of a road, the junction of to hedges. etc. To a\oid high species counts at hedge junctIons, the length of hedge to be studied was aI,ay s measured starting lOm a\ from the inra poInt of reference. r\ profile of each studied hedge and bank v as sketched on the form

Sun es work on the age of the hedgero s was bnsed on Hooper’s ‘Dntin Hedges Ii7i’ I c9g he nmhe- of chrib cpcec a a guide - hat c ne cpece ‘c flni i-ni rc • —. c ‘: : - e r; : : r - 0

as

close

conventional

absent

stone.

former

arc evident,

Priston

storage

storage

absence

with

particularly

associated

function

medieval

this could

building, possible,

buildings

encountered

frequency

geological

of

to

of

woodland

scrub

earliest depth.

large

ecological

cOfl

hoopers

recommended,

articular

iii>v

OE,

this

Vii>

vi)

sometimes badger

v)

iv) c.

standard

iii) With

ii)

All

1)

Throughout

All

subject

text.

the

to

No

Farm

be

Despite structures

There

Arcade-fronted

The

The presence

All and

district).

capacity

farms,

in

the

buildings

and

the

tun)

sections

although

of

of

times

Georgian provided

ertal

medieval

one

supported

basic

sites,

existing

setts,

with

Priston.

medieval

area

the

rule

in

of

strata.

certain

above

common

low

maximum

survival

value.

in

Buildig

in

their

Oaks

other

is

gable-end

appear

the

recorded

frequently

imported

the

this

notable

farms

a

Priston

the

ts

suggestive, is

local

They

measured

with

the

areas

sized

of

obtained

ot

number

parish,

and

staddle

to

A species

therefore

as

second

data

than

for

buildings,

se’

Any

a

area.

farm

small

before

and

woodland

survey

avoid

Where

photographic

structures

with

granary.

an

type

of

the

to

conditions

were

livestock

of

otherwise

more

trees

of shelter

in

may

was

entry

exception

woods

be

three

indication

as

Victorian

shrub

hiidct’ig

buildings

Although

arable

High most

Between

stones

mixed

3.35mx1

with

the

of

from a

half

the

composition

of

ornamental

drawings

1900

a

mixed several

photographic

cart detailed

a

rotationally

plotted

but

open-fronted have

record

in

immediate

medieval

direct

form,

sheds

useful

substantial

of

within

of Ecological

and

voussoirs

or

appearing

acreage

housing

full-grown

general

were

farms

and

except

was

contain

the

kno

the

sheds

evidence

had

record

farms

5.5m

September

have

building

of

it

tree

periods

at

and

sun.

was

facing

onto

practices

present

future

was

approximation

18th

in

widely

made the

the

that

a

features

Wilmington

of

the

recorded.

recorded. species,

references,

plan

survived,

are

recorded

vicinity

are

for

also

e

widespread

in

cut

of

and area

good

history

not

on

Interest, and

1:10000

record

cart

their

barns

once

trees.

of

following

a

research,

the

each

in

of

of

developments

Priston

woods

distributed

provisionally

small

for

made maps

and

always

sometimes

tend

thatched

and

were

shed

19th

the

unusual

significant

examples

respective

and

past,

characterised

of

would

together

Its faggots,

hedge

of

in

elevation

by

although The

seven

November

and

to

maps,

habitation.

fold-yard of

centuries.

produced

cannot

approached

also

tree-planting

being

,i

very

black

the

which

Wood,

(discussed

importance

and

Peters).

produce

there

possible

preliminary

Land

the

roofs

results

depth

section

provide

throughout

surveyed,

provision

jambs

name

farmstead

rLS

this

of

and

farms

of

poles,

with

and

location

be

investment

being

most

in

needs

Use

identified,

were

in standard

there

more

are

before

Most this

0

There

taken

(6rnxlSm

a

is

to

an

1991

of

Bath,

white.

the

Coppice

was

their

higher

from

made

in

in

reflected

a

interpret etc.,

a

of

below),

little

as

by

this

analysis

area.

assessment

to

made

the

recent

characteristic all parish.

useful are

and

of

of

of

made

the

as

the a

sites

is

a

various

which

he

1840

relation

the

survey

In

survey

the

eighteenth as

post-medieval

Bath

them

source

up

count

reliable

comparative

perhaps

granaries

in

few

note

village.

farms

readjusted

at

they

of

this

Village’ opposed

side

origin.

of

of

fields,

in

new

comparison

in

the

were

no

made

Wilmington.

Asparagus

each

face

remains

would

black

high-quality taken

Priston.

than

farms,

the

way

of

indicate

could

of

is to

appear

original

are

fieldwalls

evidence

farm

an

These

conspicuously all

studied

the

the

underwood,

range

north

feature of

century.

is

non-domestic

elsewhere,

(Welsh,

analogy

a

and

of

to

of

explain

agricultural

according

material

be

framework

much

the

the

distribution

underlying

buildings,

of

to

Wherever

sections

timber

buildings

the

however

white. that

date

made;

(peculiar

or

of

of

location

occupy

relative

for

ancient

in

being

of

Bath

cast,

their

crop

were

less

prysg

less

here

from

more

the

and

the

the

on

and

for

ic.

of to ______

Sue s per hedpe se lor 34116 crr % ore 05% 0 t 45% 0 tFrre 3 1% foz l9% 0 Pvc 74%

S X 1.4% seven 18’%

eght 6 8%

rune 2 3% t] ten 30% Number of hedge seoSons

Relative number of recorded shrub and tree species in surveyed hedge sections.

Geology Keuper Marl r Rhaecaay MdfcxdSand Lknestone Lias Clay Nohedges s infefiorOdite — — edge FuiersEarth Pleistocene

1 0 40 sO

Frequency of hedges on geological strata.

Poplar Hor nbeam kws Sallow l3uckthorn OkiMan%Beard Sycamore Grey Wtllow Wayfanngtree loneysuckle Oak Pr vet randle Holly Dogwood Wych Elm Ash 1 og Rose Bramble F nqhsh Elm Hazel Maple 31az kthorn 11wth ,rfl Ic 25

tME

evidence

coincide

been interpretation

been

all

tables,

that

of

grading early

grading,

indi’idual

ventilalors

mull tanations,

s

hmses

is

Mll

ard

crc

A

F

the

Overall.

their

Archaeological:

such.

Instances

Hedges.

(

As

IX)

IC

any

list

ions

identified

added,

rad

or

there

Ecological:

1(1

Farm

I

an

historic

ie.

cr

8th

(‘ertain

ere

other

of

names.

known

of

is

they

of

i

a3sistance

exactly

I.

and

ng

I.

historical

fieldnames

The

them

were

century

any

potentially

The

their

=

ncluding

being

together

where

end.

of

are

noted,

word-roots

hedge

landscape

surrounds

as

dovecotcs.

hedge

architectural

their

historical

following

also

should

earliest

by

alth

being

Grade

Grade

Grade

Grade

Grade

with

particularly

Grade

improvements

Grade

Grade

to

More

significance.

no

needs

common.

although

most

the

with

grades

management,

relating

ngh

high.

be

means

in

the

IV

features

Il I

Ill

forms.

are

use

A

B

C

2

interest,

criteria

likely

surpnsingl,

use I

particularly

with

removed.

its

there laying. ------

-

sites

present protected.

sites

also detals

are more

sites

of

important

sites

very

roads

some

Although

habitats

habitats,

date.

at

orchards

to

insignificant

vell

the

fourgabiea

For

meaning

are

designed

the

assessed

each

of The

shown,

might

were

of

of

of

NSP

rich

limited

and only

cases,

or

Where

a

this

national

all

end

endowed and

regional

local

county

field

fe

and

tracks

hedges

farm

eg.

association

employed

pre-medieval

on

features

for

=

no

documentary

be

the

reason

of

,cre

fittings

is

hedge

watched.

to

importance fetr-’s

plant

in

corridors.

animal

dome

made

examples

appropriate,

the

this

boundaries,

included,

from

in

importance

conform

liniats

this

unsurveyed

of

importance

importance

chosen

a

‘a

the

18th

early

the

association,

reason

of

common

not

survey,

have

were

tb

for

either

tic

corridors,

survey

interest

of

earliest

r’oi a

century, os

stockproof.

features.

hedge

but

for buildings.

of

but to

t

example

tree

which

been

de

do

repeated

their

a

aspect

the

which

Anglo-Saxon

this

Ic.

fittings>,

which

unknown

it

and which

1

hedges

four-tier feature

has

S84

and

have

mouided

is

also

grading;

form

but

standard

badger

overall should

survey

although

impossible

also

many

cornirL

mcip

ground

and

should

should

still

been

included

from

should

found

Windows

here could

anc

been

grading

(late.

it

‘a

setts,

with

be

‘acre

ecological

graded

ushions

have cannot

box

hicn

farm

be

they

flora,

bead-moulded

fOE). watched.

be

from

unti

he

during

included.

to have

valuable

in

preserved,

etc.

selected

preserved

pigsty

preserved.

m

system

be

do

to

disappeared.

the

‘a

\Vilrnington

according

recent

including

be

gh

Middle

to

jib

precise

farm

not

shown

the

resulting

recommended

and

gable

with

be

hit-

animal

These

on

necessarily

adopted

survey

with

limes.

inEerprctd

and

or

historical

and-miss

the

without

English

attached

a

windo’a

copings

in

animal

to

lower

grade

hase

small

basis

in

their

has

An

for Nor the THE FARMS

Church Farm

Qthin. Unlike the other farms in the parish, mostly created in the late 18th century, Church Farm already existed as the successor to the Manor or Great Farm’ of the manor of Priston. The manorial records suggest that the lord’s own dernesne land was managed by a bailiff up to the end of the 15th century, but a lease of 1522 by the Prior of Bath shows that it was already being farmed out by ti’at hrne and included the provision of winter pasture for the sheepflock of Lansdown by the farmers of Priston, Corston and Compton Dando;

..allwayes researved from the Farmers thereof .to the sayd flocke, th. good, able, sufficient and of the best hay, to be yearlie mowen and made.and also carryed into the sheepehowses by the Farmers._with sufficient strawe for Litter and bedding.to he delivred by the sayd Farmers for keeping, feeding, sustayning of the sayd sheepe and Ewflocke of Lansdown...’ (the farmer of Priston was to provide for 50 of these sheep).

The manor farm was not affected by the dissolution of the Priory, and retained its high status through to the manorial reorganisation of the 18th century. The last use of the name ‘Great Farm’ occurs in 1772 when it was leased to John Young of Priston, yeoman, but by the l820s was already known as ‘Church Farm’, owned by a Mr.Moses Lye. He was succeeded by James Edgell who, in 1840, was also running the Mill Farm.

Extent. Following the dissolution of the Priory, the demesne lands continued to be farmed through to the late 18th century when the whole of Priston was reorganised into consolidated farm units, although a survey of the manor farm in 1741 shows that its fields already consisted of those which later belonged to Church Farm. This land covered the northern part of the area known in the middle ages as the ‘South Field’ of Priston, and probably also a small part of ‘West Field’. The acreage of the old farm was apparently larger then, but its territory was more scattered throughout the manor, and included any areas of woodland which would later have been kept ‘in hand’. The farm lands are now either set-aside or worked from Tunley Farm in the neighbouring parish of Camerton.

Buildings. The buildings belonging to this farm were not examined in great detail, having been converted to residential use, but the farmstead evidently occupies an ancient site next to the churchyard, and may have originated as the ‘Prior’s chamber’ which is mentioned in a medieval deed. The present double-pile farmhouse, probably mid-l7th century in date, is still one of the oldest surviving houses in the parish and is Listed as Grade II. The house backs onto the churchyard (now separated by a lane opened up in the early 19th century). and stands on the south-eastern corner of the main farmyard which gave access into the fields. ‘l’he building aligned north-south on the west side of the yard was once a large barn with opposed projecting porches midway along its main axis, while another building on the north side was once a small barn aligned east-west. The latter belonged to a range of buildings which extended further eastward according to the 1793 estate map, and there are anomahes in the stonework which indcate past changes of use. A pair of stable boxes still remain at the eastern end. In the early 19th century a line of small structures was built along the southern wall of the yard, possibly box pigsties, but this area has been completely’ demolished

On the eastern side of the house is the entrance yard from the dlage, on the south side of which, close to the house, is an unusual red brick granary which has been dated to the late 17th or early 18th century and is Grade II Listed. The use of brick at this early period is rare in this reg;on: here they are about 9 x 4 112x 2112inches in sue, and laid in a slghtl irregular Flemish houd on a timber-framed F ctippoed on 4 x staddles I he pyr’imid root has a covering C; red S pan;’ tec, hut the ii mhen na is a replacement. prohahir of mid 19th ecntnrs (fl e ii I here C1IURcJ[ FARM PRLSTON

VO COUNTY PLANNJNC DEPT. 99Jj

Fe I TI I

El

ECU 10 g y

Arehae Iog

— Sownce

3. 2. I 4.

Pnston

Current First working

Fithe

ol

edition

map

Estate

arm

L3h

OS

farm

of

dcveInpmcoa

OS

:25(Y) Priston

map

17th

laymits

map

of

map,

cent,

and

at

WiIham

before

25”

Wilmington.

1970-91

a

rani,y,

to

conversion

shown

Jenkins,

the

mile,

showing

on:

1840

793.

1884.

to

Church

dwellings.

he

Fr,n,

I

V

[

18th

18-40-1884 l793-840

188$-

century

1970

buddns

acras

the

today.

and them.

ti

maintenance

scrub are

w’as

bank

97

29

28

26

104

105 IOi

Iledgenumber

102 IS

iou

lOt

14

slurry

13

12 compartments

ii a

ID

engineering

and-miss

dnisions.

signs

r.mne

built

i’rth two

‘.imilar

.:.‘rie’,i,ta.

n

ra;

hich

thea

small

a

phrase

LONG

nevertheless

Woodland

On

Hedge

inner

once

dA.r

dcx

of w

growing

This

on

of

of

i

disappeared

tank

rhe

built

the

siden

a

.4

‘iimgIc

e’tent

range

r

many

the

the

wood

part

slatted t’n

ditch

WOOD

‘Along

w(u.cjjj

Behind

n Survey

gap,

north

I

was

pialiking

he

imc

gran’iry.

bncks

north

of

sernew

the

framed

of

Survey.

in

w:akw

added

by

hcalogicul changes

‘halt

or

the

1793

installed

sometimes

of

of

(irubliciJaut

the

north

H side

A

13(N8i’)

H

ii

11(14

II

Ii

ii

fl(I,NSP) t3(LNSfl A

the

H(I.,NSP) H(I.,NSP) vents.

il(I.,NSP)

Longw

thc

a

park

it.

some

grades.

(Grade

side

the (intanipicic)

floor

(I,NSP)

(unlike

in

boundary

partial

hat

ancient

on

‘1

estate

its

4.

Wood’

but

of

lip

onto glazed

the

.ugf

old side

back

Although

set

of

It

Orade

the

in

the

pretnc

interest

later

ha”

cod

in

in

this

is

17th

cross-wall.

the

all’

the

centrally

1,

wood

the

the

known

recent

map

appr’Mched

north

recorded

internally

I

from

woodland

area

(it’.

windows

13

.27ni

had

hedge

occurs

Specics

yard.

door

The

rest

eastern

outside

century.

and

shows

indicator

along

can it

i7e

side

5

been

the

4

times,

installed

(1 6 4

6

2 4

7

5 6

3

4 6

7 3

as

of

is

fr’m

and

door

The

.n

have or

(‘aunt

as

buildings

a

boundary

probable

still

the

in

divided

btr

the

fence

with

the removed

of

end,

woodland annther the

carly

window

by

This

parallel

but

latter

the

been buildings

and

Priston,

species)

be side

southern

I’>

south.

the

‘it

possibly shutter

are

as

without

floor,

term

seen

\rchacuiogicai

lie

window

J()

by

graded

is

of that

a

building

line,

irreguhr

now

1500

by

alignment,

openings.

new

a

beam

Internally

Hazelland Iugg two

the

refers

running

long

2

the 2 2 2 which the

2 2

2

2

2

2

I and

I

I

I

I fittings

I

bank

Appears

leaving

t

either

trespassing

a

complex

accordingly:

existing

which

inserted

had

or

late western

level,

calf

openings

building

there

with

stone

to

of

‘Lugfatl’.

grade

are

trown

btt

redundant

19th

through

on

is

the

the

an

I

house,

a

Wood’.

s

simil

with

to

of

a

gap

iggests

i;

woods

cross-walls,

apparently

of

Ste[S

both

older

side

lower

single

practice

ce..t

have freestone),

gr4b—bin

on

a’igned

steel

t’

here

of

.se”

which

r

left

of

east

another’s

At the

dry

i

rising

about

wood

or

are

th

aart

‘atline

onginated

storey

the

sheds,

that

are

room

it

demolished

when

length

of

t’il’

and

of

east-west

t’

it

.f

without

Church

is

one

and

cal from

setting with

flcradI

and

dressed

time

was

later

the

stable

a

divided

the

west

a

II

Ii II

II

II

II

Ii

II

Ii I

I I

for I

I

i

led

a

land.

few

‘i’re%

perch

had

grain

of

fitted

calf

rot

den

OSLo the

it

wal:

origin.

as

carts

(irade

I

I Farm

Hazel

any

sides,

wac

the

>arJs

and

access

and

The

ongwood

a

house

west,

with

-ml

store

thraugh

between

ed

into

is

with

stnp

hedge-

during

lit

interior

aids

storage

clad

shows

lands

They

land’

from

bank

ta

and

wa

blue

with

and

two

into

tWi,

was

hit

of

t: 1 e

4

in

a a narrow ‘.‘ ploughed. pro’ now estate and

been receied

edge

Wood,

charter

grade 1770s still was Lammasfield before the and which It

origin,

species.

mentioned tenants John have his is

there This

was Rouswell manie

the Farm across

nodland

has

agreeable

Archaeological

WESTERN ASH

ROADS

BRAKE

boundary enclosure

extended

ided

north is be

in

then

reduced b

of

situation

each

R1\

Lewis I map

hedges,

been is

thought

as

had

the

whose private

clearly

of of

brake

the

Access

that and

a

‘Hewes’

a its

BRAKE

Of

at

a

track

936

side

included

the

hunting-area,

[)omesday By

lawfull

and

mostly year

large as brook in deduced

name

its

AND ‘with

BESIDE

it

to particular

and

to

eastward

had

/S

called

tenantes woodbank

(in rLInniflg

AD. the

early

numbers

ownershtp. seen, 1840

of

to

was

is eastern

the

is

through

to

PARISH its

a

the have

John

significant appeared Camerton), pasture

from been

planted

way south-east

respect

this

in

r-’” PATHWAYS

fallen

Sites

way present lord’s

(Grade In

irnpro\ed

within

as particularly

however.

Lemansfield

churchyard. that

Stovhorough

a

survey, the

PRISTON

path

been

through

along Ic end. as

More later into

some 1446.

interest

and

to

the

10-15,

out

can

presurnaHy

tenants,

charter

the

to

BOUNI)ARY have

ground.

and

size. I

Haremeades

11,

the

was

Upper

some

Rectory

Features established. used

It

a

of

corner still

old

earter

who when

they

that the

in

yearly

hedges

7

v

thi’

hedged \t

lie

use ground

the

Priston

always is

as

the

between indicator

(Grade WOOl)

it

ditch

by

be

Another since

which

north

time

continued

along

own

the the Hare

occasionally

is

subsequently

field by

ground an which

e

early

of

clearly

the grounds woodland

licence

said

ft

by

12-15. Saxon

i”

agreement pathway roadside

this was overthwarte...’

the uppon

between

the estate. difficult,

Rornans Mead side

hedge

This he

of 11).

this

(Grade

(Grade new

hedges

to

Lhn’’

19th

track

species) still

lands

holds ground.

the

the appears

said

traced

have

claimed

th

to Most (now

of boundary times.

is

trackway

that

(also piantatan.

century

feature.

exists Although up lord

remains be

not

connected

this to

hedges

lands...’

as

ploughed. jin

1840-84. IV) 1).

of and 10

kept

followed

was

closely

to between of

o side

tinder

Lammasfield

a

mentioned

it

William,

and and known

Southfieldj 1 to

strip

As This

from

the salt

Lernonsfield

the

a

was

his

made

IRosewell

by

The

has have

in

which

of

of

his

often II.

the

a

roads

only the

or

Again

rai

this

associated name

hand’

the

brake which

with

the

the then

It

I,ammasfield

a

an

been

them. as

he1lowav,

The

present

tenants

which

iron-ore

hedge

prehistoric between

present

been is

Lord

opening

old

Wood

lord,

field. is

route

separation

contain

and

in

several

therefore

a

are o--o

traced first boundary which

mentioned I

in b

from was

ditch

game—kee

the

was ‘Ii

of completely

for

suggests

the

paths

survey

1599,

called wood

sown

the

(other

wwa

supply Croft),

house) until

occurs

Botreaux,

charter,

the

otherwise

of

John the

Rector

from a

runs

Church

(ealdan acres

the

lords

trackway

path

good

the

in

under

not Prior

‘..we the appears a’ occurred

between

Southfield,

than

farmer

shows,

highest

in

Priston

from along per’s

route

but Tunley

Collins

that

present

in

larger

with late

of

a

is of

as an

indication

conserted

dic),

of

do provided part the from

Farm

the

by

th

denied

manor,

Priston

Lamniasfield Anglo-Saxon

occasionally

Pnston

it

to

18th lodge

the

Bath along on of

Priston

present the

Priston

are direction

1840

than

some

number may

1730s

to

Carnerton,

which

of

and

lane

the the

the

which northern

t

as

Saltford century.

highest of

Priston

and

1w

should

hut

h&ng of

which

today it

Farm) for

that

far have Great

I 1793

along

of early

time

to

Lane

and

had and

ane,

can

that

Mr.

his

is

as

its of

so

of

a

is

it

The

GREAT (‘ALE

(ThEVE ASH

Upper/Lower BREACH

l)RY

Si’OWI3OROW

LON(i INNOCKES HARE

O)l HEWES significance

the

PRE( still

as

earliest

appears

faintly

found source

ihe and

I

hones road

rptreani

irr

the

[‘Ic

In

Sil

area

he

GROVE FIELD

e

BRAKE

stone

GROUND

the

1O[JS lime-burning

I

as

v

MEAl)

dna

ES

MEAD

made

nera

s

WOOD

ol

visible

times

MEAL)

on

MEAD

is

(les

n

of

well

area

(ditto, at

future

m

(

(Breach

found.

and

the

Wa!

)b

Priston,

es.

(the

in

MEA[)

Pressbarrow

Cleeves,

out

dumping

been

FURLONG

(Innocke,

of

(‘?

as

(Ash

[1101-I

the

(?=

there,

(Haremedehegge, 1793

d

Imead

(Longewode.

1730)

(ditto.

with

(‘?= FiId, Great

discoseries,

being

Wodt

(Dry

hmekiln

1

Ic

past,

a

Calviandes,

Field,

mentioned

heir

Brake,

useful

but

(ditto,

Litle

Grovemead.

estate

P01

such

the

1620)

1591)

in

Close,

Mead

possibly

wiich

an

and

1730)

occupy

exact

1606)

Ui

aid

1620)

(Irove,

Farm

area

Ic

(ditto, FNIIAL.

source

which

mshur

map.

as

1730)

1730)

an

‘open

‘land

of

and

e

wood

particularly

1730)

c.l500)

possibly

the

above.

has

important location

c.

of

‘part

aerial

‘lands

a

1

X)

known

remainder

1500)

‘woodland

Grove

1730)

1395)

stood

of

l730

1534)

probably

‘land

old

untmprcved

he

s

on

occurred

area

n

‘dry (OF limestone

The

of

(Hazelland)

outcrop

a

photographs.

‘r

ditch

on

possibly

‘stony

steep

is

ar

adjoining

in

the

next

‘an ‘meadow

‘where

‘meadow common

many

as

bearing

‘small

maed).

area

‘idoo’

stan

a

now

hroukside

I

at

woodland’,

s

y

a

steep

is

Westend

common

tel

enclosure,

running

newly

uatun

Stowborough

in

to

‘fertile’

slope’

-hearwe).

of

hill

enclosed fallow’,

-

enclosure

grassland.

gE

grafL

‘woody

unclear

ground

it

calves

recent

rock

on

ridge

or

wood’ or

fields’

frequented

adjoining

ing during

broken

These

the

to

our

mound’

(OE

containing

areas

down

meadow.

field on

Town

rise

probably

usually’ were

dnother

once

or

years.

from

origins

adjoining

Owing

strip

the

banks

clii).

(OF

(OE

spur’

Traces

which

appear

quarrying

for

are

Lii,

enclosed

where

to

kept’

one

the

north

(OE

which of surrounding

by

1

agricultural

furlang).

andiang-w near

the

to

now

of

and groura

Ash

ground

common

GROVE’ hese

(OE

hares’

of

I

a

the

to

of

the

stan-heorg).

or

remains

(OE

side stream

stone

the

the

d)w ditches

have

regarded

may

other

trees’

and

containing

for

hoh/heugh).

village.

backfilling

are

a

village

divisions

-hedge

of

cealfl.

along

short

cultivation

related

cist

udu).

land

been

wet

the

have

(below).

the

from

earthworks

use’

(OEaesc-braec).

have

of

contalnln2

the

univ

stream

as

land’.

di

or

early

(OEfeld), associated

(ME

(OEhara

had

a

activities

sancc

Hewes

(ME

of

an

already

of

‘stony

side

grove’

the

confirmed

the

origin

important

Inhokes).

while

a

has

breche).

of

H

are

greater

further

quarry

which

burnt

been

from

(OF such

with

still

can the Priston Wood Area

Ung ii and Extent Fbi hla ard gnt’nos in V c ire nov Iar hr’Leri up HI) individual properties. often under external ownership, and were therefore treated senarateR during the survey from the main farmlands in Priston. The and here constituted much of the medieval ‘Southfleld’ of the manor, although Prision Wood. together with other woods which have since disappeared. was always part of the iords own dernesne and and provided paterias to dcfra the running costs of the est tr I nis ith the Sleights W9s managed h te Prior of Bath’s bailiff. hut from the 16th century onward became the concern of the Manor Farm, succeeded in the late 18th century by Church Farm. The wood remained ‘in hand’ right up to the breakup of the estate in 1919. Highwell, Cheesemoor and the Down were all part of the open common fields which became part of the newly created ‘Hill Farm’ when the old copyhold tenures were reorganised at the end of the 18th century.

Buildings Although this area contains no agricultural buildings, there are extensive remains of Priston Colliery still to be seen at Tunley. These are discussed more fully below.

Hedgc Survey Gtades

Iledge Nuniher Ico1ogical tirade Species (‘ount Archaeological Grade ( )vcrali (irade

16 13(L, NSI’) 6 I I

17 A (I,, NSII It) I

18 13(lU, NSP) 7 1 I

It) 13(1., NSP) 5 I

2)) 13(1,, NSP) 4 I

21 13(I.,NSP) 8 I 95 13 3 II 96 13 6 II A 6 A 4

Woodland Survey

PRISTON WOOD (Grade 1 21 indicator species) The very high indicator species count found during the survey tends to confirm the ancient origin of Priston Wood, although there is no description of it in the Saxon boundary charter for Priston of 936 AD, and only seven acres of woodland are mentioned in the Domesday survey. In 1258 it was known as ‘Southwood’, a name it retained until the 17th century. and there is reference in the manorial court-roll of 1395 to wood being sold there. As dernesne land it may also have been used for sport and hunting, but in 1677 there is a reference, in the Steward’s account-book, of payment of one pound ‘for wattering ye wood bease’, and in more recent times it is said that blackberries were planted there for the benefit of the villagers. In the 1677 account there is also a payment ‘for mending ye wood hedge’, a precaution against grazing animals as well as illegal cropping (a constant feature in the court-rolls of the time), and much of the surrounding woodbank can still be traced today. The early maps show that the wood extended up to the parish boundary and was only set back sometime between 1840 and 1884. hut the southern hank, which can he traced further westward across open fields, appears to cross oser the boundary into Tunics Ground, suggesting that it may once have been part of an eien larger area of woodland in antiquitv As noted below, it has a high archaeological potential

I \k I ‘ I PN PARISh BCL N \R Ii l I gMIc 0 TlH I r- ? lo iorp., t1o ho i irs ( fl ffl I I S tOL1f’t ‘S I (I J ted ces

Sun es ed hedges ( rib ret u HISTORIC LANI) W rrc I kd S L\lStrflr! rbout I WY Older cldsorks sIl

- ( fl fl r Pi tor Tapirs PRISTON WOC 1) F co I o g y

\\oodd areas VON (‘OU I nimpror ed p rsiua. 99 Vratercourscs

Arc ha e o log

— ——— C )Id r ( rods md pot hs cos of hi ph lxdcntraf

Scale o I Xi metres j

rr’ A

ci

a; rS C

Camerton,

(heesemoor surrounding from of

such ‘will the

photographs potential. seen and

uneven, be various up the part ,;, drove-ways.

were the

passed is

the

where, The

. Bath

legh’ poison.

Keynsham the was

may sele;, the

the

predecessor mentioned some

ncieat

main in

1793

w

This

in:

likely

the

the

SITE

EARLY

in

PRISTON

ROADS

for

gate’. sheep

Lox’, charter

remaining junction

site

of

although

Bath

still

pte

a

as

soon

once

authoiised

decaye

estate the

once

‘g

)

of

ancient

highway

Saxon

where

the

corner

a

diversity

might

through

‘.1’.’

in

in

kinks

of

track

Neolithic

and

that

As

Ii the

let

OF

gate

called

the

The

Road

pastures

roads’.

share

1617.

1593,

have

a

noted

part

and mentions

below,

AND

map.

a

of

smaller

this

FIELD

the

crossed

hundred

Priston

f

CROMLECH

show

at

charter

‘Lox’

are

of the suggest.

WOOD

landscape.

in at kncwn

a

r

capstone no

supporter,

Tunley

Chew,

‘I

tin

called

(hedge

(‘it

a

of

the

50

the

had

of

Horestone.

wantc..

court the

when

the

Richard

The

the

area

unley

the

boundary

PATHS

‘funnel’

obvious

chambered

1 ,ff

which

a

e’ttending

called

activity

sheep

.ard

being

fate

boundary,

dlemas

back

Lane hedges

features

greater

SYSTEM of

a

single

remains

by

as

remains

court

hedges

Tunley

in

the

then

(Grade

stone

Farm.

of

a

20)

936

colliery

and

of

a

the

Much

ii’..:

‘herepath’

front

once

Clements

of to the

dickinge

measuring

originated

the

series

tenants

its

between

(Grade

‘‘n!ti’

internal

and

or

throughout

nect Al),

open turned

on

‘Jurassic

one also

be Not

Tunley

importance

marker

(Grade

have

The

ancient

around

ans’- tomb.

companions of

Sleights.

to

Hill

I) which

stood

of

Sheriff’s

of

Southdown of

sent

Blind

a

of

of but

the

far

most

upon

(Grade As

stood

Tunley

an

boundary

field

the

‘that cromlech

since

II)

may

one

&

the

old

northward

4

These

to

earthworks

of

Priston

called

Farm from

top

mentioned which

could

above

as

Ill)

old

this

name

6ft

stands

woodbank

settinge

Way’

Lane

Most

of

Priston

thc

supporters

Priston

an

trackways

Before

have dnided

the have

‘

at

Tourn

disappeared.

of

by in

which

field

field

Ill)

rarm

In

there

this

megaliths as early

to

pain

a

also

Tunley

the

for

as

the

(hcdke

ages,

earlier

then

is

of

practically

Wood

2ft,

running

consisting

‘ham-stan’

hedge

the

I

had

1821

from

well

in

see now

are

the

Priston stone

the

was aiay

system,

junction

as

field.

The

house’.

droveway. can

hed’e above,

refer

into

being

has

have

continued,

road

cf

sundry

and some

an

they

often had

which

roads

enclosure

John

times.

21)

and

Farm.

as

at

thought

tea

Lansdown hanged

still

survived,

lay

down

array

the

strips.

early

from

(‘heesemoor.

Somewhere

to

remains

leading

So’.s

Li

brook.

been

been

i..

are

kept

have

on

of

administrative

Priston

the

stilling

first

A

(hoar

‘a

ptes

mentioned

the

in

be

Skinner,

charter

of

older

are

In

In

two

the

th

little

little

visible

from

Priston

During

the

spelling

of

Down,

identified

much

for

signs ‘to

broken

the

found,

the

made

remains to

thcreof

noted

1593

presently

Doun of

•.

edge

stone),

to

particularly

upright

an

earthworks

for

wood

field

road,

hane

defend to

killing

uil’

middle

the

later

three

Timsbury,

the

mentions

apt

area

remains

the as

Antiquarian aloni

of

winter

preparations

the

it

are

a

of

in

by

Southdown

up

the

of

lane

had

boundaries

(‘otswoids

it typical

..

was

which was

I

which

preciously

of

he

which

left

Tunley

today.

the

middle

significance,

of

stones

does

of

‘Tornley’

Hundreds

to

Skinner,

difficult

his

ftg

the

ages

tt

interior

a

this

records

in

ancient

suftered

pasture,

of

the

an mend

high

ca

manorial

neolithic

on

an

of

wife an

i

corner

at

the

now,

about

the

are

ry

may

may

feature

a

part

important

It

this

the

and

site

Iron-age

ages

old

field

the

archaeological

upor then

and

for

last

me

road

the

into

shown and

to

Margery

preserved

which

that floor

eastern

ecisted

origin,

the

(

have

‘straight

hiahway.

u’e

of

a haae

probably

of

the

2oyds

hail

of

date.

bottom breaking

the

ie.

arneni

courtrolls,

cap-stone,

in

road,

century,

perhaps

followed

Rector

cromlech,

Highwell

of

that

Somerset.

a

boundary

Wellow,

this

the

this

same

if

‘Tourn

gallows

hillfort.

Prior

st’i

marked

is (ealdan

feature

upland

been

on

aenal

icient

and

It

leads

from

as

side,

with

wall

very

with

also

area

into

hi

the

has

but

by

on

of

of

to

of an

as

it

it

it

I

a a I UNItY CX)L.IJhRY ((,mde III) ‘the earliest attempts to find ccal in Priston took place I ii the north side of the manoras early as 1’25 but, althoughcoal was eventually discovered in 1793, no opportunity arose to e’cploit it. Despite continued interest throughout the 19th entury it was not until 1906 that coat was successfully mined at Tunley on the southern ‘soundary of Priston. 1 his ran autcesslully for many years, and a railway link with the (amerton Branch of the GWR was esen proposed. but it was eientuatly forced to close in the t.ntasourable economic climate of the early 1930s. Although the headgear was removed in 19-tO,being thought an attraction to enemy bombers, this is one of the few remaining colliery sites in the area where the ruins of the pit head buildings stilt exist. The offices have been ‘onverted to a dwelling, and the spoil heap, or batch, has become an area of high ecological ii tc.rest. lieldnames

(‘HEESEMOOR (Cheesemore, 1606) ‘wet ground, good for dairy pasture’ (OE ciese-mor).

IIIGHWELL (Hiewell, 1590; ‘high spring or stream’ (OE heah-wella).

PRISTON WOOD, previously SOUTHWOOD (Southwode, 1258) ‘wood on the south side of the manor’ (OE suth-wudu).Changed to ‘Priston Wood’ in the 17thcentury l’HESLEIGHTS (Great Sleight and Nine-acre Sleight, 1730) ‘sheep pastures’ (OE slaeget). I’HE(SOUTH) DOWN (Ic Southdowne, 1590) ‘the down on the south side of the manor’ (OE suth-dun).

At

southern

nuilpond. rafters. south The

larger. walkwa and windows down can

Internally the the of west

existing set

headed the

the

farmstead,

Listed.

also yeoman,

tenements

‘Northfield’

Mr.Bevan, today.

was of

reorganisation relation, tenement. (the

18th hand’.

belonged the

‘dernesne’

mill belonged

the

unknown, mill

a

Buildings.

each

Qgn.

at a

Praslon

The

I

west

first

wheel-pit, Extent.

headrace.

still

country.

at

in

subterranean

finally

last

ran

itself

or

present

which.according

axis,

local

team

ground

wall

to

mediately

ground

This

There

By

early

It

with

floor

mill,

be

end Church

wheel

wall

the

George

thousand

first

on

is

who

around

to

to

the

with

being

the

has

After

hut

were

term

seen

separated

At

of

but property,

a

leased

the

farmyard. one

Mill

keystones.

division

each

Although

and,

of

19th

double-pile

level

large

level.

are and

which

lower

Wi

Inside,

floor.

The

floor

the

the

mules

1770s,

three

was

there

replaced

of

from

obelisk

the

Percival

in

described

Farm.

of

typically

being

I

Vaughan,

remains

174!

south

the

mington

channel

on

century

there

of

time

the

Farm

two

as

the

and

four

1793

the

The

the

years.

western

three

level,

windows

the

is

the

is

the

a and

the

is

t.he

edge after

by

employed

copyhold

wall

to

this

upper

the

no

copyhold

of

with drives

consolidated

occasionally

finials

first

‘Old

of

On

is

repeated

storied

level

latter estate

an

family

upper

an

their

1820s

large

floors

of

a

the

a date,

south

farmhouse,

which

two the

reason

dispersed

as

present

null

the

Unusually,

enlarged

of

during the

of

earlier, court-roll

complicated

old

steps

wall

two

leaseholder

Auster’

floors

‘newly

Domesday

of

two

on brook,

the the

valuation,

at

manor

relating

windows

map

three

north transverse

although

building,

seems

the

up

orchard.

are

tenures

the

east

segmental-headed

the

runs

on tenements.

each

for

to

there

pond

millpond. up

sets

whose

farm

to

mill

smaller

divided

of

millpond

having

doubt

the

farm

top

estate

storeys.

built’

throughout

still

the

side

haulage

to

had

at

from

for

side

of

of

to

William

of

Grade

to

this

darn.

are

seems

a

top

lands

least

that

and

earlier

of

northern

Survey

appear

series

roughly

This

the

have

1395

in

stones

some

time worked

only

door

been

pitchback

some in

that

in

of each

two was

two

wheel

the

b

floor

mill

1796,

In

second

an

The

hut created

1796

with

1731,

was

1840

roughly

II

was

in

to

disappeared

shows

the

three a it

on at

of

the

sold

0.4km

evidence

Davies

Latin

opening

doors

to

known

windows

on

earlier

both

partition

gable. had

the

Listed,

only

have

square,

the

was

by

windows

edge Priston

sluice

when

also

with

the

in two

have

was

early

not

ni

the

the

fireplaces

and

to

and

stories

three

wheel,

manor.

the the

order

hi

Priston

coal

that

second

become ‘Antiquu

one

at before

cover not

William

raised,

surveyed,

first

ground

of

shows

farm

The virtually

succeeded

as

arrangement

the

been

water

years

stood

gates

third

peculiar

into

other

may

third stands

and

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wall,

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each.

it

square

‘Mill

a

window

adventure

to

and

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lands mill

are

floor

6.4m

millpond

was

James

was

the

and

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part

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issuing

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gain floor

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floors,

and

a

and of

the

floor

floor

farms

supply

the

visible

doors

a

Jenkins,

average

layout

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AN/ru’

has

to

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the

concealed eastern

early

classed

the

the

wheel-pit

above,

Wilmington

a being

but

owned

distinction

pillars

rank

in

focus

of

several

spillweirs

southern

power,

double-pile

some

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the

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the

below

occupied

same

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doors

diameter,

northern

18th

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into

before

the

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in

are

lies

of

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stage,

still

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run

north of

east

another

of

capacity

of

Priston,

the sector

it

facade carrying

.

none

by

as

time

generally

the

Conygre

lord’s

century

blocked

immediately

lands

which

and

special

was

and

with

of

each

Priston,

cottages

jointly

recognisable

within.

at

frequently

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partition

James

tailrace

side

the

of

at

the

and

ground

Kingsdon,

the

overlooking

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1790s.

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on

is

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access

flight

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the

own

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window.

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also

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the western

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the

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up

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Brook.

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Mill

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principal

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personal

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gables.

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I Miii - -. detul ,hcd aligned edSi w est and tinkt.d on the east by the large barn which turms tho esiern side ut the iarniyard. The barn was already in existence by the ate 13th century and s (rude II I isd. It is altened north south and consists of JO has ith plain gabled r ueurated witn bell Iinial s at each end. An annexe with lean hi root tcs been added nddw a” ak>rig the we tern stde, rcbahL. in the late 19th centur’, in whtch there are two masise wagori entries with ‘egmental wooden lintels. Roughly opposite to these are two others in the origin-il east wall, both segmental-arched with keystones, the southern example later blocked with a smaller door dnd high level window. Fhe annexe, which also has a pedestrian door in its northern wall, may he interpreted as a double cart porch, but it is not clear why the waggon doorways are so close together. It is possible that there was an internal partition between them for separate storage, hut this needs re-examination. The eat wall also contains two internally splayed slit s ents at the southern end, and two smaller segmental-arch doorways with keystones to the north. ‘1here is a similar pattern on the west side, with one of the vents replaced between the vvaggon doors. but with only one door at the northern end. At the southern end there are signs of a high level opening extending UI) to the eaves. The southern gable end has a single vent and a segmental-headed window with keystone higher up in the wall. Joined directly onto the northern end of the barn is a simple gabled annexe aligned north- south, added in the late 19th century. This building appears to have been originally open at the north end next to the farmyard track, and perhaps served as a large cart shed, hut is now infilled by modern timber conversion. However, two rows of ventilation or putiog holes at the southern half of the otherwise featureless west wall imply an earlier use for grain storage. There is access through the east wall into a smaller building, added later, which may also have been a cart shed aligned east-west. Here there is a single door in the north wall, with one of the jambs having a quarter-round chamfer in blue bricks, but the eastern side has been boarded up. The south side abuts against a calf house aligned east-west which forms the northern side of the farmyard. This range seems to have been built not long before the latter building, apparently replacing an earlier structure of similar outline. It has a simple gable roof with vents at the ridge and a four-gabled finial at the east end. The south side facing the farmyard has three doorways with blue brick quarter-round jambs and sliding doors, interspersed between three windows, two of which have projecting blue brick sills. There is only a single sliding door with blue brick jambs in the north wall, blocked off when the small cart shed was added. In the eastern gable end next to the farmyard entrance there is a wide vehicle entry on the south side, and a pedestrian door to the north, both being timber-lintelled. The western wall abuts directly onto east wall of the northern barn-annexe, to which it is connected by an interior door. There arc no internal fittings of special interest, although it has not yet been converted like the rest of the buildings in this group which now serve as an entertainment hall and tea-room with toilets.

At the entrance to the farmyard and ranging along its eastern side is a redundant building aligned north-south which may have been a stable. It has a gabled roof without finials. but the copings here have ovolo-moulded cushions. In the north wall there is a window opening, and above it, a loft entry with segmental head and keystone. The western wall facing the farmyard has a plain central doorway, but is otherwise featureless. On the east side there is a doorway at the north end, in the centre a blocked window with flattened segmental-headed arch and keystone, and at the south end a shallow rectangular opening. In the south wall of the loft there is a window with segmental head and keystone. The interior is much altered and no original fittings of interest survive. Although this is the only building which might qualify as a stable, the lack of windows suggests sonic other use such as a cowhouse. Abutting the south wall is a four bay shelter shed on the same alignment closing off the eastern side of the farmyard. The roof ridge is L-shaped in plan, with the gable spanning the southern pair of hays facing the west front. It is open on the south and west sides, but two blocked windows in the east wall may relate to an earlier phase when there were walls on both sides. Buildings are shown on both sites in the late 18th century, but the shelter shed is a post-l8 replacement, perhaps reusing the hack wall of the earlier structure At the same time the south side of the farmyard was closed If b the erection f two small buildings. 1’hese were recently demolisl ed to make .t for the a ‘dern o er-ill r. .f which now c er; the ‘.shcle n. sachern half e (a 0 .u p .. -i .j.. h f1.ru . .t ‘--u’- .

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Archaeological

WILMINGTON/PRISTON

Woodland.

POTTERNE

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1884,

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ided

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whole

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Lane

of

s

for

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the

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routes

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to

the

the CANAL

the

idea

in

north

by

count

more

since

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Wilmington

it

this

and

have

BRIDGE

map

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the

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of

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abutments

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watering

system

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area

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lane,

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origin

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structure

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inside

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pipes

Brook

in

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Wdmmgton

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have

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when

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overflow

of

not

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ox

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the

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feeder

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bridge

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the

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in

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for

mill

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diagram.

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the

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mill

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footpath

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on

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neighbourhood

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pound

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their

meadow the

not

the

as

appear

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r

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the

connecting

complete

undergrowth

17th

the

last

which

as

a

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clear.

wheel

survived

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built

1742

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stile

and

are

hedges

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a

visible

840

southern

is

control

section

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century

source

at

hedges

was

1790s

on ran

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by

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ran

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the

it

at

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engineering

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the

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time

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scale

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wall

1793

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end,

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who I

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Head-race system to Priston Mill

BATH, Oober

PRISTON MILLS, live Mik; irom BATH, 0 BE LET, and rntercd upon rnrnediatcly, all in pcr feR arid good Repair, with two three Dreffing Mills, md pair of Stones of tlit beft quality, all the whecl and machinery made of iron, woiking in the mofi eafy and corn I! plete manner, and a fuf11cicn trearn r I \Vater for the pure pole. This Mdl budt on a mcfi excellent plant and room enough to hold a flock of 350) lacks of wheat and flour—jJ For Particular3 apply to Mr. George Vaughan, at Prifton

activities

between

have watercourse century

the stream

fields warren

beside Middle fulling

was

which

tlROAIi tithe

turn

mill British identified

Pensdown, remains. cut shown

could

have

been

stopping suggested

‘Wmfharnpeneis...a

Wide

may also

generaflons

reported example.

;reteUeJ

rila’. across

Mv

een

‘he

triations

Fieldnames

SITES

CONEYGAR

ear

EARLY

It

Mill

off

consisting

granted

lords

up

some

been

map,

straightened

indicate

occurred

s

aRe

in

called

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.

the was

as

in

settlement,

at

runs

English

have

the

not

the

survey,

hh

the

the

has

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such

in

Pensdown

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(‘oneygar

OF

an

the of

t

explain

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stream near

which

be

icross

form

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with

meander

odd

clear

fe1d

in

the

can et

garden

FIELD

Lane

from

across

of

the

and

to

Marsh

early

also

Coneygar

been

st:lI

HIGH

site

had

some

as

cattle.

with

the

of

the

the neighbouring

ditto

word the

flint

which

still

of

meadow

manor

the

were

into

whether

its

may

of

(Grade

in

terraces

been

rloodma remain

and

in

in

and

the

stage

found

water

said

Prior

Sawpit

ield,

of

1487

Mill

has

POTENTIAL

the earlier

the

be

a on

SYSTEMS

lengEf

hmekiln

was

the

implement.

which

for

common

the

house.

the

briefly

traditionally

appears

refer

Mill

l730

suggests

seen

nasso.’e

always

a

the

past,

still

been

deep

water,

parish

and

from

‘rabbit

of

has

source probably meadow

IV)

enclosures

there,

heio

brook.

road

the the

(lynchets

Ground. form

1793

the

Farm

to

on and

fhs

Bath

exist

Thorpe’s

the

remains

straightened

large.

at

hollow

which

so

field,

series

A

to

courtrolls

the

maintained

early

to

to

fisher the

within

ditch

Prior

the

that

and

warren’.

far

giving

pond

estate

the

licence

The

form

of

have

of

as

such (Grade

Marksbur

by

house,

further

system, use

The

opposite

Mill,

a

cultivated

the

limestone or water

been

appeared

of

roughly

indicated

‘Back turt

lower

this

it

freehold

air

on

king

could

along

in

lower

a

there

became

of

living

of

‘lanchards’)

embankments

map.

1742

an

is

outcrop

rest

its

part

several

the

photographs,

for

territory

irrigat.on

but

1

the

more faund

However,

IV)

which

within upstream.

extent

control

Edward

the

surface

but

down

heir

Ground’

being

of

hunt

side

the

baulk

other

map

of

‘right cqnare

.

memory.

terraces although

in

property

there

a

rights

in

the

on

over

they

Englishcombe

of

likely

of tail

purpose

major

in

the

in Although

fowl

shows

in earliest

that

the

evidently

record

aerial

side

rock

was

in ditch

of

the

of

at

(leaves,

Avon.

I

is

which

field

appear

Cribbs.

is

early

sLir

no

the

to

is

in

several

the

last

this

warren’

ground

an

running

it

as

a

lord’s

medieval

and

that

The

ploughing of

originally

(rare

traces

shown

which the

‘pillow

a

1275,

has

large

has

centuries,

was

photographs

ancient

on

a

brook

60

et

field

the

times

building

a

l840s

Remains

are

suitable

other

fishery

it

several

to

a

brook

Another

rhe

been

become

fishng

Bulfurr

in

years,

waters

meander

Level

to

more

was

hedge

earth

be

still

of

provided

in

presumably

the

parish.

as

appears

Priston).

mounds’

hiU

below,

open

from

allow

by

his

embankment

technique.

small

much

‘Rack

leelIed

of

has

in

icngth

visibLe

an

of

in

a

and

giving

Mill

are site

old

platform

ol

at

demesne

in

considerable

open

an

Wide

infringement

Mead

Priston,

this

field,

area

made

the

Something

which

in Milbroke,

removed

the

the

Pool

older

game.

perhaps

the

mentioned to

such

for

field

expense

The

Lane Ground’

or

the

of

area.

in

adjoining

have

field

water

rise under channel

of

at

Wear

original

particularly

other

rack-frames

which

but

up

Bulford

Back

Mead,

stream

a name

which

than

show

and

wooded

‘Coneygar’,

systems

bridge.

lands

Although

suitable

wall

to

lay

been

>niy

a

appearance

most

the

with

to

to

has remains

on

fish

good

similar

many

Ground

extent.

the

w

Wide

in

can

behind

drain

being a

the

bed

which

may

of

have

involving

odd

Romano hooes

Mead

C

the

the

certainly

Nearby.

sertes

works

an

nets

of flc

weir,

ground

site

Priston

can

in

fishing

lord...’

saIl

of

other when

other

once

Wear

bank

1840

their ether

18th

East

The

may

hack

of

been

ha

also

and

was

the

for

the and

the

are

be

as be

of

of

a

at

It e

WILMINGTON

WIDE

THIRTY WASHLANR

SAWPIT

Great/Little

ROOK

RACK

PYE

PREST

POOL

PIflS

PINKNRY

PENSDOWN

NEW

MILLMEDE

Ml

LURCOMBE

HOME

FLOXHAM CRIBBS

CONEYGAR

CLEAVE

DDLE

MRAD

WEAR

(ditto, TINING

MEAD

GROUND

STILE

(Overpyttes/Netherpyttes,

ACRES

GROUND

GROUND

GROUND

(Cribes,

RUDGR

(Plnckney, lie

(Wash

1730)

(Brown’s

(Ic

(1601-1730)

(Bloxehamp,

(Poole/Pull

HEDGE

(ditto, Cliffe,

(Lurcom,

(Prestyle,

(Conyger,

(New

Weare,

(Ic

(only

1622)

possibly

(only (only

Lane,

Thirtie

(Rudges (ditto,

Tineing, 1730)

1591)

1604)

Pye,

1840)

(ditto,

1590)

1590)

1606)

from

1840)

Meade,

‘containing

and

1730)

1395)

1486)

Acres,

‘abounding Bloxehale,

1730) ‘land

17th pye’

‘rough’

possibilities;

on

‘an

&

MILLFORD

ci),

goblin’

now

1730)

been

‘wide

valley’

1840)

1730)

possibilities;

‘land the

‘ground

‘next

Ic

“island” ‘rabbit

stigel).

C.) (a

1590)

on

possibly

or

1566)

3590) ‘small

Ley,

top’

‘Back

the

half-buried

(OR

field

a

‘next

perhaps cribs

containing ‘ground ‘new

(OR to

steep

possibilities;

(OE

common

site

warren’ 1395,

in

(ORpennes-dun),

‘meadow

the containing

maed).

1590)

nih),

(of

ground

Probably

next

‘uppedlower

(OR

‘summit

Ground’,

common

magpies’

to

pucan-ei). 23 ‘meadow

MEAD

or

of enclosure’,

laewerc-cumbL,

lane

slope’

‘bull-rush

dry

the

stalls’

‘nook

rack next

Puckney,

or

to

pytt).

(OR

structure,

‘consisting

field. (ME

boundary

leading

a ground)

related between

the

next

stile (1730)

frames to hill’

formed (OR

field a

originally (OR

of

hrycg),

‘abounding

weir by

(OR

saw-pit’.

the

coniger).

to land

valley’

presumably

belonging

ground (Brit.

Lox

clif).

containing

to

to 1590,

pio-maed),

farm

or

abounding cribb).

such

or

larger

‘hill

used

unidentified

hedge

‘nick’ the

by

‘lair

of

containing by

with

dam’

brook’

pen

the

house’. cattle

as

part ‘rudges’

‘an Lox belonging

(OR

in

containing

valley’

fields’. in

of ‘untilled

a

and

drying

enclosure

to

+

(OR

“island”

kiln

of

gnats’ 30

Wilmington brook’

a

(OR

laefer-cumb),

OR

‘next

or

the

in

late

‘rick’

Lurcombe,

one-acre

plots

a

sheep

wer).

finches’

or

or

(OR

dun),

priest’

pond’ bi-Lox-hanim).

cloth

to

enclosure land’

to salt-house).

(OR

strips

(OR

pits (OR

Pefen

by frequented

of

or

leger-cumb).

dipping

‘hill

after

a the

containing peo-

(OE

strips.

(OR

bi-Lox-halh).

(OR

or

(OR

Manor’.

part

hrycce).

of

may

‘lark

(OR)’.

mill.

quarries’

with

fulling.

ground

from

p01-

Iaege.

maccl),

pincan

preost

of

pool’

have

the

by

pens

Also

the

a a 15(X)

1592

1616

1621

1622

1625

Fjgpicnts

I

oo

‘John

cne

F

and kohert allocated

ii A known L

Sept.27; Inn

who

The

messuage, Priston I May

Within Overcorneclose Whaddon parcels for

Apr.2; John

these em

tacken oflnectiofl

custom. Sowthwike.

Oct.2; welling, 3s4d The

not earlier widow Southwick

He Mar.29;

Aar pr

I

Keeping

has

v

3

I

[lilt

is

to

lorJ.s remarry),

ua!ly.

new

ater

25; t c —

11111 I lives.

plots

per

Qt listed AtmIl. as

tTum be

a

made I

‘We

for3 ‘William

should

h

a ‘William

h holds

to ew and

year of

‘William a

‘Johan

annum’ ;an removed, lords null

in

was

an

(‘owe

a!,

with

herri(1t a

(not

thi

I ihon1a

Rent;

was

present us

the

land,

Wiltshire. And lives. cust(

fsaIty

a Brown

virgate

tinde Pri

Clement

s

I

that

as

and

still I

a

s

°‘r

rei’ain

mill

of

the

c yet

(lacre

irgate the

messuage

hil/man

Broun, stan Browne

rth

an

for

6s8d.

that

Browne

mary manor

iit

(from

he

Rent: many WilS

Brodwell to

mill. Browne to identified). alive

or

chiefmanor

n

\1

that tenant anti

was

I ancient

of

a

held p \ the

dnrin her Johan

nIle

security

s-tj.

or

and

‘re

A 12

due.

h.

heryat

a’nant

Heriott;

her

land Wilyarn

widow

customary. (f a in fine

in rz

follmving

tas

vardland lord

excused

verge)

hushand’.s

and &

priory

in

was

his

the a

these

‘c

daachter

1540. and

ihe deI f.

r,bi his

coniruan hearth

I

run

and

was

the

& as

his sons

given

militia virgate

web

itleçal

held

wife 6s8d.

oft/ic

do

his

and

snt’ilaifle

an

Broun

ladies rental).

I

Sheetwell p

I paid. sons middle

suit

the hut

ther

I

Henry

the

v Entertan

water

‘ancient

son

as

Fine;

hefore

property

ought

is

the,n I

ss’ere

as

t admission

in

I

by

of Fine;

of

Lani’

v dcu

pasture

John

roughly Nt

dissolution

the deceased.

ceen

And

ran

is

the

Clement ith

delevered

court ‘r’ern land

1541

ages

desesed

and 40

listed

corn-mill

(J

as

lord

to

Easter ments the

£10.

their ‘s’

L569

and

hetrth

a

b her

the

(1114

marks. Puth

with have

estate.

for

part

member owing close

William

the

3()

se

were the

I

i ac Jee.

Onesiphorus

Soon

affairc

certificate

n1esSIlaCe v

Browne

the of

aL

tenant.s next sinc dd

mill of pertinences:

c

her

sis

mi of

hereof acres),

to

athoic

(At;tiqua 1

called

res.

Pr

In

(molendino

the to the

hornas.

rest

tennre

their Joseph

the widows

had

of

the

under

was

Priston stun.

d

illness.

at

with

b

monastery

Priors

one

or appear

are pf

Pdctun

there

last

us Homebushe

built reeu.sanr

d

a

p/musters.

owned

and own

her t

ast

rerpainc

customary He

great are

‘.s

nis

Browne

close admitted

of

nd

Curt,

estate

also

(wnJann1 it

ra

a falls

I

is

iif’ o/

admitted detne

the a

was

granali

to

new

V

).

that ios’

Jorm

alcepted

by

s.

A Bath

I were rgate

igour

and

deriee

adjoining

(provided

accordinge to

lord

grain-mill.

the

lnecsliage

in

an

William

house

sne

is

th Close

tenants

the

penalty’.

oJ

that

the

custom

underTenant

acluatico)

the

the

if

re

tenants

and

Many death

lands,

I

i*otn

lord

a..

man

there

nastere

on

hand

I

Longs

(3

enant

Brown tenant

sent

she of

called

b one

wa.s

acres)

fur

to

Rent theit

that

years duty

anu

of bat

two

t

was

J

did

the

a F in

oJ

of a

to

in I

a

1744

1743

c.1730

c.

1693

1628

1626

1edes!

1630

The

as

hand’,

Robert a

Percival

rent; house

and

‘..paid

corn-mill

Sept.21;

valuation

I3slOd. wishes

later

Jan.31;

Robert fealty

May

Bro’a’ne,

manor

‘Priston; payment deser

acars

find

did

Rest

..paid

Extract

teinporaryfulling-.srockfor

below;

Stock

arrn1iiI

25

not

9s8 1 ’ 2 d’

at

5;

no

there

and

and

of

to

postponed.

for4

William

Wyatt

the

henry

to

Robert

2

leve

Wyatt

Fine;

,who

John

from

beter

buy

land

probably

in

for

widow,

iohn

acres

pay

from

..Grist

in

garden

Priston

is

dozen

hand,

in

Sir

had

two

(from hut

Priston,

inherited

and

Wiatt

cirls a

£25.

Sherfield,

in

we

Senior

Wyatt

Wyatt,

the

hereon

letter

Biggs of

Walter

person,

the

Mill

died,

lvves

for

must

thy

but

and

court’

of

refers

land.

parish,

a

14th

is

v

helm

manorial

by

the have

and it

on

granted

holds

for

eranted

3lacres idoes

who

frr

it

the

in

tack

Long

centi!r5

has

Value;

Robert

either

to

was (from

the

0

Mason’s

lives

Reversion

50

and

Ithatchingi

which

estate

but

the

eld

nand

has

Estdt,

I

that.

cleaning

acres

always

surrender

of

messuage,

the

the

survey).

he

of

a

sacks

at

1eId

another

of

Bures,

£39.5.61

bought

Whaddon).

hows

from

a

of

copyhold

There

the had

land

reversion

w

him

ith

work

of

herriot

Rebecca

refrrred

of

ofjlour

‘gret

land

oershot

no

for

cloth.

mor.

upon

the

is

in

and

letter).

the

then

of

he

was

at

Orchard

vori.h

goods

2

the

divers

Longs,

belonging,

Cort

of

the

the

of

copyhold so

hs

of

that

In

Reserved

kept

tenant

id

granted

Mill

ixn

to

(3.3.0

I

I

the

‘

Mill

life

£20

1731

Lx.c

son

as

think

at

messuage, o.

fowar

heel

parcels.

show &

in

Farm,

the

mill

Pensford’

He

of

of

and or

Farm

Benjamin

Garden,

the

was

the

and

to

the

Whaddon.

yearly

reversion

have

‘FarmS

som

Eleanor

a

accars

estate

rent:

that

mill,

a

hailitf

8s5 1

mill

put

paid.

other

millpond Value;

and

sonn

what

I

feed

the

or

the yard

value

on

bitt

l3sl0d.

was

2d’.

in

for

for

in

Other of

Wyatt.

syd’

such

of

mill

Wyatt,

the

the

of

Grist

may

the

£26.4.7’

I mor

Priston,

thre

Short’s

rebuilt

hidj

of

old

set

£26

the

haiti/f

2nd

was

lands

tent:e

R

surveys

alternatively

He

Mill

lyses.

sittL

Ocr

f

Broun

ke

Fine;

mill

(from

widow.

)r

November.

then

and

also

Itenementi,

. n

it

s

and

is

lish

and

of

a

at

£

Reserved

the

In

£170

n

by

held

an

by

for

I

if

holds

count.s,

Susanne

Priston,

S(i

I

Stock,

that

irats

we

that

lord

Rent; estate

Lord

water

1

lower

good

741

in

and

he

can

the

or

d.

a of cci which several which

This flOW demolition structure sometimes which side to howeier small and back It farmstead. back

run initially was by land latter presumably arched, external hayloft. stone the behind It

open change traces internally for limited midpoint wect the

nuwlded building small I may

the

has

Pressharrow

Extent

Buildings James hr

jointly

working

At

west

south

acquired

of

then

around

remaue

of

house

towards

at v

west

separate

date, floor,

1a

stood

it a fiatlintelled

in

the

the also

the

of

the a ills lighting,

the the

cottages.

the

flat

the St((d

Internally

east

which

the

side

said cushions,

of that

within

Wyatt,

to

end

use

lhe

other

splayed

road.

next garden

sometime with

kept

other house,

north

eac was

and farm

have

with h

the

on

name

the at

asbestos horses,

plaster

Pressbarrow

from

wall

[he

the

requiring the which

to

was

Behind

property of

this

present

the

farm

SE

to could

east

the Whiddlecombe A in demolished

end

ts

clearly

ha

inserted only

remains

had have end

although

village

the

and

double original Farm

the

wall,

together

hein

Village of

second opposite

it apparently

hand,

boundary

rectangular

point

territor and doorwa\

the separation t( on

wall,

e of ‘.‘

is

extends

facing

between the

east some

roof,

present

owned

not

the

a

anomalies

a.;

farm

been

divided

the the

at southern vehicular facing

belonging

indicate

I

den

on urensed

when which southern

and

of

pile

be

farmhouse indicating

intervals

group

wall.

Farm

farnictead

the

Farm,

with rear

yard but

connection .

side

the land

a the

used

‘1

before examined

at

the

challe in

somewhat

farm

up

ed

stone

once

iii he

farmhouse

the

1840

Whiddlecombe

there

of much Whiddlecombe.

window, by

yard,

internal

opposite the included

A in the

of Farm

is that

of

land

for covers

to from d

detached

access.

in

as

entrance

apparently

ann the

to exchange

room.

a

a few

entrance,

the

the

buildings

known the

drain

north adjoining

84.

1840 a

wall that

gabled the

this

a

is an

are

the

to consisted of

rcctang

hackney

which

two g

the

road

pighouse.

ridge

a

in

yards

with

wall-plate.

Before

a

adjoining

the tIm taller.

wall

d the

external

building remaining the

signs

the

A building side

into

the in large

and any

end.

is

dstinui

hamlet

estates

as track

a south

butt .nauortai

cart

the

land

for

southern the the

tiles

was

of northern

belonging few walled

to

f

‘Westend

of paddock

detail. two the

There

by

lar farm

or that but then

part

of 19th

Between

four southern the

present joint

village

shed the

from

road.

of yards It centred have on ot riding-horse. was

stonework

property

v. which house

1884

t seems

rooms,

a

the

On

Whiddlecombe of walls

e there

w

it is judo

the

house houses east

group

century vertical

is garden the

It

reoraan hid

on

can

room seems

the the

once

gabled example

In

a

on south

been

the is

to

Farmborough to site

Town’,

pound

as

similar

on

south

stands

the

room.

on

the

being 1820-40

to was said

road, in

medieval the

c

each the be

the

may

south

of

transferred, an

used it

roughis

the is

not,

have raised

the and I

a to

same

stall

wall

also on appearance.

late support nih west,

east

the

farm with other

an

once to

parallel

extension The

directly

side

have

and

served featureless

east In

on

being

have

blocked

being although

village

the

as

have a

addition.

side n

western

divisions

occurred

both 18th be

the side is

alignment.

few

to

the

a lands.

stands and copings

lying ‘Westfield’

large

an

of ot oppeced side

buildings

been

featitrelecs,

stable,

seen

been provide

adopted

northern road.

estern this. of

been

original

far

by

the Proton century

upper properties alignment known

small

opposite the d

and

first

window

of

each

entries roughly

only

a

a end

side

to

about a but

except

Farinborough

demolished

Both

other

separate It At which, the

large soon

built the

owned

resting little

to

parob

the

floor,

buildings

vents.

is

of

It

has

as door nearh until

that

of

a

room

this village and

of

Church

northern

is

rooms tb

reflect

now few the

‘[‘he

lOOm the on visible originaLi’

immediatel\

“[he

after.

a cart

were north-south. reorganised

south

for

is

Priston,

a completely

despite time

t’our

small

an

after

site ta internally perhaps

on is

‘T’here

the

property.

a

complex ia

there

cottages

a

Hinge

east

door known.

Ilndar\

a Lawn’. smaller area

one

further pound. door owned

e

ovolo by

have

it a

at

Farm,

of was

south

it

in

small

room

their i

yard

road later

was was

the

but

the and

is the

the are

the

of on

as of

in

at

a a

a

a £2

— r°’

4)’ 0 £

N

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ib

r’

-: ‘retttrrnw

f —, F

I t,rr inn Seq

m E] 4. 3. 2. hence Tithe Priston working First Current 18th 1840-1884 1793-1840 1884-1970 century edition map Estate arm OS farm of 1:25(X) developments OS buildings Priston layouts map map of map, and at William before 25’ \Vilmineton. 1970-91, as to Conversion shos Jenkins, the mile, showing a on IS—b) I to 884 dwellings. the

appears

through

cubicles.

fittings

the

lintelled

there

lintels,

altered

wlLh

Internally aligned

access

no

with

wall

ventilation.

gabled

replaced

exterior

wall.

lichen

are

pedestrian

building

paned

which,

now

the

the

an

up

cart

stones.

1840-84,

two

ovolo-moulded

against

well

Manor demolished

building

Pressbarrow

the

property

since

halt

more

built

interiordivisions

earlier

to

Opposite road

owl-holes

east

second

A

\Illdge

however

entry opposed

its

a

removed,

over

mile

is

Both

it.

beheen

been

second

or

horizontal

further

one

growth,

or

through

roof

slightly

House

to

east-west

of an

to

The

north

the

wall

Opposite,

doorway.

face

an

In

There less

on

belonging

of

even

narrow

along

hake

a a

there

with

note.

extra

being

buildings

doorway

bay

road. added

on

small

Facing metre

the

supported

earlier

this

line

the

is

before

Farm,

is the

of

side redundant

cart

gronp

entrance

towards

grounds.

at

the

rebuilt

a

served

show

1840

staggered,

a

east

to

featureless

from

are

cushions,

the

is

45

The

the

group

north-east

of

set

broad

On

rectangular

the

break

and

entrance.

barn

lean

below

entries

facing various

a

with

opposite

there

a

the

structure

degree

the

apparently

various

road

or

to

of

in

wall,

further

barn,

south

the

similar with

84,

are

1840

north

that

the

projects

in

as

on

fittings.

an

the

to

the

buildings

yard

on

at

low

is

The

west

midway,

a

west

is

thanks

more

floor

to

presumably

an

shown

building

north,

the

adjoining

smaller

a

plain

the

in

close

it

but

a

is

north-east

top modern

together

the

a

end

except

wall

and

There

the

wall

opening,

large

side

office

rooms

end

flat

was

building

it

gables

a

similar

the

door

wall

between

window

road.

north

it

much

along has

of

large

level

recent

The

west

of

by

A-frame

faces

the

to

facet

and

to

on

wooden

east

of

of

a

has est

belorgin

but

both

free-standing

the

inserted

is

for

fitted

are

a

in 1884

the

lean-to

tin

the

and It

are

south end

road.

the

the

with

house

segmental-arched

into

property

of

series

blocked partly

another

side

the

angle.

four now it

and

appears

times,

the

onto

building.

a

when

with

which

which

remains

sheds

gables.

1840-84.

angle,

recent

the

capped

is

single

cubicles

as

18th

barn.

which

into

north

a

trusses,

traces

In

lintel,

west

not

wall

of

west

blocked

small on

rectangular

an

a

door

of

internal

a

building,

continued

Outside

to

the

and

he

concrete

normal

the around

century

cuts

abuts

the

in

opening

five certain the

extension

is

erection

on

flat-headed

Joist

transferred,

the

In

side

also

of

is

with

The

wall, walls,

the

site

the

This

barn late immediately

of

corner

inserted

its

overgrown

separated

the farmyard the

east

with

larger

across

two

f

segmental-arched

up,

roof limewash

of

the

urm

has

function

southern

and

northern

main

of

four-gabled

this

segmental-headed

the

18th

northern

part

whether

1884

and

map,

of

building,

farmyard,

side

the

with

as

opposed

in

idge-tiies with

opening

the of

metal

north

a

hct

stands

to

timbering

and

pighouse

four

corner

rafter

the

the

a

single

to

century

of

farmyard

entry

a

doorway

of

the

map,

threshold

iarrnstcad

but

first

shallow

by

an

ne

is

door

yard

give

ceo

has

which

is

north-east

lower

gable

the

gable

bays

wall.

on

framed

and

this

half

reorganised

about

a

external

breeze

unclear.

sockets

the

slit

also

is

at

doorway,

v

but

the

a

but

to

shelter

finials,

compie\

village

its

bounded

access

a

raised

hich

and

this

the

flat

differential

represents has

ay

with

of

lean-to

end

part

vents,

in

loading This

end.

Church

still

towards

to two

segmental

south

aligned

seems

lOOm

openings,

at

the

was

the

level

in

wooden

stible,

block

site

been

the

consists

window

The

has

corner

concreted

visible

of ground

indow

the

other and

survives

at

pound.

shed

In

the

to

adjoining

cast

middle,

and

splayed

east

side

the changed.

on

was disappears

farmstead.

intervals

further

to

a

the

of

platform

a

replaced.

northern

roof

the

Farm.

the

north-south,

partitions

south

metal

buPdi

former

the

hut

the

huldings have

there wall

an

which

west

s

of

weathering

there

lintel.

southern

into

a

arches

of

partly

high

level

This

above

yard

s

copings

is

inserted

small

opening

far

the

as

the

and

ith

ramp

a

internally,

ha.k

is

hipped

framed

been building

fl!S

wall,

is and

one

plain

to

a

adjoining

is

side

Ihere

tip

entrance,

all

building. The a

adjoining across

site

similarly

house

concrete gable-en

There

there

a

The

blocked.

between

roadside

it.

of

a

provide

blocked

separate

similar

about

v

towards

hut

leading

of

then

drop

on

leads

rest

part

much

There

above

by

is

radial

htch has

floor,

flat

west

up

and

main

the

ten

have

and

are

no

no was

the

are

the

the

on

is

of

of

in

of

a

to

a I N I $4 N! $6

of I was southern •

charter trackway supply from traced origin, grade Town’ early species. antiquity. some

air

Saxon gardens enclosure presence Roman alwass

tr lord’s ft

•n

Hazellan&

un

wood

Woodland Archaeological WITHYBED

WESTERN Iledae

ROADS WhSTEND

FARI..Y

photographs.

block-felled ‘.ur.ibrr

wepte

Tunley

hedges, maps depth

‘demesne’

in

times. mute

of

is

and

send

site

fl’

of

Of

half and

many

of along retained

936 I

Survey

wall,

the

particular

and AND

towards as Fll€I

it at

the

to

to

of scrubland

and

numbers

AD,

remaining Although

is

as

a

places, I ii>

Camerton

places.

PARISH

Saltford, which —

also

‘Breach’,

village Little

l’OWN

in

detached

and significant

I)

pasture It

Gradec (Grade ft

PATHWAYS ‘kc

in

it

Sites

where

the

SYSTEMS

ic

is

may

the

suggests

Pensdown

may p I, H B H B

interest

possible Field.

the

whilst 11

It 8

l970s. • and

pound

adjoining until

(Grade

the

and nil. and

houses, has BOUNDARY

ground.

be

it

which IV,

today

boundary therefore

deuble

hamlet

is

Features

land

significant

It

that 9,

irb

been

is

said no the elsewhere

that

is

opposite has

that ‘;..

thought lie

Hill.

there

III)

had

(Grade

the

(Grade indicator

and

now

it

17th

the

fields to

bqnk

this

deduced

along

more

gradually it’

contains

hold

an

had

track

mostly

have C 7 14 6 6 Medieval 6

c I

the

is r

roadside

belonging

rhe

‘Ii

site

century,

independent

only IL

IV) runri to

that the

to

I

II) mt been

appears an

densely this

(Grade

whole ‘r

followed

towards

immediate have

the species)

had

important

that

farm fallen

Most

As

few one

it

been

boundary i

later

west,

occupies

remains

a

S

hedges hamlet

most

been

as

the

hit denn

piece to

I)

remains

greater

as

populated

of ‘t now

out

reduced

Longwood

established.

indicated rcr’.c

the an

old

an

where

Appears the

settlement

As

of

used

clue

of

old area

of

farm

the only

which isof

embankment,

often have the ditch

roads

the the

use

significance I.g’c.iI

woodland

associated

ditch

to

extensive by

from

length

of

area

il 2 2 2 I

high

same

indicated hedge

was

by

than

the

certainly

by

was

between the

is

p

contain

and

Pressbarrow

which rc

This

Saxon

(ealdan

once

mentioned now

its

origins such

covered

archaeological

Romans

today.

the

ridge

f

paths

survey

original

of

aith trackway

crop-marks

Hay

nh belonging

exists

existed

in a

remains

fieldnames

interest;

times. by

the

been t

1840-84,

dic),

good

of

of

in

the

The

by

arabIc the

(‘1

as

the

highest shows,

Priston

high

in

Farm as

3

past found

an

)SC which

a

stone

indication

an name

acre here ‘iriiI

village.

has

a

of

salt

hou’

extensive

to

ground

field

Mead ‘holloway’ potential.

Anglo-Saxon are

as

covering

a a

is

the

been

as Ii II II

are II I II II

the II I II

extent,

in

as

number or

prehistoric

can

stile

part

‘Westend

visible

shown

the

systemc. farm

early iron-ore

of

highest

still

traced

nd

as

of

in

of

early

back

area

ire. The and

the

the

has

the the

the

c TV

on

its

on be

as

of

of

WOOD

WESTEND

LITTLE

LAWN

LAYES

HILLOCK

KAZELLAND

HAY

BULLMEAD

BREACH

Press-BARROW

Farmborough possible also

‘barrow’.

late which

Field

be

18th

CLOSE

was

(Wood (ditto, (possibly

FIELD

the

names

thai

century

and

(Breach

MEAD

TOWN

possibly remains

(ditto,

Common.

(ditto,

1730)

the

&

the

(Basil

(ditto,

Land,

Yonder

(ditto,

substantial (Barrow,

Field,

Pressbarrow

(Westetowne,

Hill

of

used

‘land

1730) 1730)

land,

1730)

a

1730)

woodbank

may 1730)

Wood. throughout

1620)

enclosed

c.

‘meadow

‘enclosed

1597)

1500)

‘the

bank

‘a have

wudu). ‘meadow

Hill

‘woodland

c.1730)

grassy

smallest

1590)

‘pasture-glade

on ‘hill

associated and

heci more prefix is

probably the

in

pasture

its

Longwood

now

which

ground laid

or ‘(place)

ages,

on

‘land

western of

likely

rough

mound’

‘Press

newly

down

or

the

considered

ground

bulls

and

with

of

near

formerly

or

common

than west

early

of common

glade’ to

side

‘

and

broken

evidently

were

the

before

a

hazel’

pasture’

(OF

ornieadow’

hillock’.

‘priest’s

of

Hazelland

may

ditch origin,

to

the

covered

kept’

fields’

(ME

beorg).

for

the

be

(OF

also

village’

pasture

supplied

of

agricultural

(OF

late

a

‘

(OF

launde).

but

(OEpreost)

the

haesel natural

(OF

be

by

were

No

(OF

lacs).

18th

‘coppice’

bula-rnaed).

parish

natural,

woodland

(OF

in

lytel-feld).

record

a

haeg).

also

+

century,

limekiin

the

feature,

ME

bi-westan-tun).

use’

houndar’.

part

although

past.

yet

launde).

pasture’

Welsh,

(ME

of although

nearby

found

rather

this

simdar

.

breche).

It

ii

prysg) area.

(OF

is

of

than

could

in

also

the

the

tj a Inglesbatch Farni

I he lands in l’riston nov o ned by Ingleshatch farm Engiishcomhe. v prevousR part rt flu! Farm in Priton and. in the middle ages. bejonged to the ‘l-astf1e1d’ of the manor. As tb most of the (ther farms in Priston. 1-lillFarm Vv as created from the reorganisation and conoiidaton of the old copvhoid tenures in the late 18th century, when the present pattern of fields first appeared The earliest lease seems to have occurred in 1808, to Samuel Fow let 0! Priston. yeoman, succeeded in the 1820s by a MrYoung. lie seems to have been quickly tolloo.ed by Mr.Green Veale. the owner listed on the 1840 tithe map. Following the breakup of

Hill Farm in the I970s, its other lands, mostly south of the village. are now incorporated with North Hill Farm in Dunkerton. Although the farmstead was sold separately, a note on its building are included here

IBuildings! The buildings belonging to this farm have all been converted to domestic accommodation with considerable alteration to their character, and were not regarded as a recording priority. At the end of the 18th century, most of the existing structures were already then in existence, arranged around a farmyard overlooking the village at the top of a steep track leading off from the north side of the village street. The original farmhouse is the southernmost of the group standing at the entrance to the farmyard, and on the northern side of the yard is a former barn with opposed cart porches, but the other four or five buildings are less easy to identify.

Hedge Survey Grades

I ledge number icoiogcaI (hadc Species (Sunt Archaeological grade Overall Grade

78 A (I., NS1’) in 81) ii 4 ii 106 A (NSP) 6 107 A (I., NSl’) 4

I 12 0 (I.) 6 I

I 13 Ii I) I 118 Ii 4 2

Archaeological Sites and Features

EASTERN PARISH BOUNDARY (Grade I) The parish boundary along Priston brook is described in a Saxon charter of 936 AD as being between ‘the old Eden ford’ and ‘Hwitda ciimb’. The latter can be identified today as ‘Whiddlecombe’, and ‘Eden’ was then the name of Newton brook, although the exact site of the ford is unclear. The charter also shows that Priston brook was then known as ‘Lox’ brook.

SOUTH-EASTERN PARISH BOUNDARY (Grade 1) This section of the boundary. which is described in the same charter as following a ‘herepath’. or main road, still serves as a public highway, although only converted from a rough track in recent times. It is thought to have existed even before the Saxons as an ancient track known as the ‘Jurassic Way’ running down from the Uotswolds into Somerset, but had become little more than a footpath by the middle ages. The boundary was still marked by a hedge (numbers 112 and 113) which is mentioned in the manorial court-rolls of 1436 in an order that ‘all the customary tenants of the lord in Priston together make and enclose the hedges between the fields of Priston, Dunkerton and Carlingcott. where they lie open, before the feast of the Invention of the Hol Crosc next coming, on pain to each of them of 40d’. ‘The charter a! o mentions sever I stonc markers 1 ng thi te, a ‘thvrl tu’ (sto s ith a hot i d hara stan’ I r t 3oth sip’ c C I locati s t nk 0 TGLJUsH RrrAi IJJSTOPIc LAVDScuE Sl]R1/J[:

JNGLE5J3Acjj FAR]%flN PRI STON

3Y I AVON COUNTY FLNNiNG ]XEPT. 1991

KEY

Fkkls (names in use about (80(t)

[Edges

Surveyed hedges (with reno) Wire (ledges existing about (800 (.)lder heldworks still visible (on a r photographs) Ecology

Wooded are.as I nimproved pasture Watercourses

Archaeology

(Sd roads and paths Areas o( (ugh potential

Scale 0 (00 metres

-

1970

/‘

Il

F

PIT

Sequence

[1

4.

3.

2.

18th

working

Current

Tithe

First

Priston

1840-1884

1793-18-U)

1884-1970

century

ci

edition

map

irm

Fstate

OS

farm

of

1:2500

buildings

OS

developments

Pnston

layouts

map

map

of

map,

and

at

before

William

25”

1970-91,

Wilmington.

as

to

conversion

shown

the

Jenkins,

mile,

showing

on

1840.

I

to

793.

8&4

dwellings. the

nOb

neighbourhood

engineering

source

lntrodution

shown

larger

Gaston

below

embankments

origin,

holloway

or

intervals

Lane

side similar

important

Gaston’.

Hill,

field,

large survey,

stood

succeeding

farrnstead

robbed

able

bronze

suggesting

41

enclosures.

by Croft

Mr.William

from

that plase

Cribbs...upon

that

photographs.

oid

for

aiong

first

origin,

to

I

lOOn

‘lanchards’)

horpe’s

FEEDER

EARLY

C

the

making

ROMAN

ROADS

miii

towards

about

to

‘John

the

into

quantities

a,

Roman

mentioned.

the

scale beside

but

w1

ab

Close

through the

of

herepath’.

and

conclude

a

for

origin,

objects

the

a

ection

by o

prominent

Although

way

)ut

or

tiliage

Icr

village

information

the brief

also

power

with

map

ridge

was

building-stone

Templar

injho,hat,

road

FIELD

boundary

150)ds.

an

ditches,

a

may

ditch

map

was

under-draining

Wedlake

CANAL

AND

tfle

Mill

This

1810-F

OCCUPATION

times.

where

number

lower

to

Pressbarrow These

in

Early

are

land

It

at

for

of

appoynted,

a

Cribhs

field-walk

including

has

of

between

fl

Inglesbatch.

Great

in

that

frequent1

as

way

is north-south

that

therefore

until

which

for Lane

Another

the

still

Similarly,

site

a

PATHWAYS

early

it

SYSTEM

the

even

survived

a

field

in

brought

fields.

In

have

parallel

considerable

Iron-Age

paths

there

is

the

supplement

w

on

h.

time.

walls,

dstrict

with

the

on

of

(Grade has

Gaston.

and,

Croft prominent

d\

1917 Lower

1884.

unlikely

on

had

It

drops

the

banks

Roman

possible

cuttings

the

terraces

Pnston

tacken a

sometime

ic

coalworks,

the

was

appear

This

been

members

ch

are

Most

following route

Farm.

small

be

in

employed

t’

about

first

a

stoneJitle,i

together

already

origins

Close,

beside

axial

(Grade

I

near

Mill

with

in

Roman

ill)

north-west

Gastons

the

(Grade

down

settlement

associated

hi

were

to

also

carried

is

that

suggests

‘r

1742.

pottery

edition set

of

and

away

to

along

to

and coin

that

(Grade

Smalmede

across

fields

to

to

In

by

Lane

The

distance street latter

the

t

hedge

of

it

the

iir

of

the

after

the

to

walled the

of

a

be

11)

out

have

any Englishcombe,

drainage

with

attracted

has

the

stone

11)

other

later

the

end

it

it the

join

number

and

in

the

origin

the to

headrace

out

The

set

the

upd

old ic

site

may

which

part

OS

found

which

mill

appears

these

from

may

that

the II)

hill, The of since

side

this

Hollie1l,

event

site

village.

been

with

quantities

Camerton

106,

ther Still

of

part

contours

origin,

here

Mill

ab

enclosures

coffin

eastward

abovernentioned

trackway earthworks

extended

some

Li

I”map

still

also

Most

16th

and

existed

of

joined

they earliest

its

of

area

extended

a

‘a. or

in

seems

covering John

banks.

flourished been

again

laid

of

of at

the

the

while

Lane.

this

when

the

of

the

erosion, to

useful

exists

onto

have

this

century,

kind.

(now

Small

can

a

of

low

predate

the

I

in

of

haie

attention

out

above

feeder

of

fibula.

ploughed

site

and

for

Convgre

early

Collins’

of

Excavation

on

the

into

to evidence

in

much

the

the

Much

a

case be

ploughing

centred

mill the

the

Pensdown

existed

The

beside

banks

that

kept in

beyond

existence. example,

1st

hae

pain

until

the

the

Mede

from

th

roads

h

run

seen

which

in

late

county,

the

perhaps

rnill.

1622

settlement former

channel

the

Romano-British

is

to

Returning

0

further

lgc

have

can

Roman

the

whole

in

series

collapsed

18th

from

of

still

a

been

brook

3rd

out

of adjoining

house

continuing

there

around

the

suggesting

18th

road,

and

by

that

of

the

O1:err,

hundred

the 20s.

when

in

1st

I0(

be

Club

The

John

Hill.

allowed,

not

‘i

occupation eidentiy

in

but

century

been

century

old Domesday,

places

of

Hii

church)

to

common

Although

of

can

northward

paths

and

which

seen

century,

leds

road

walls

at through

on

I

itself

He

clear. t

field

build

down

oiJ

does

following

ower

the

a

began

the

ditch

later

They

may

Mill

d

stonework

2nd

Farm

tfe

Skinner

small

only

associated

years

to

is

there

junction

field

in

appear

northern

into

had

manor

ran

probably terraces iIJ

pottery

h”

in

not a which

the

the

and was

south Gaston,

It

to

Lane

in

centuries, Pnston

being

elsewhere

are

to

site.

principally a

Crihbs

variety

f

mercy

above

such ran

in

traced

Rornano-British

from

ago.

been

onto

the

trial

Pensdown

may

called

when

th

future

appear

cottages the

mill,

not

Hollywell

found

Ii

intersected

Priston

)ear

to

from and

court

bridge

side

One

on

site,

is

a

11

iOfl4

and

feeder

(‘lynchets’

was

exploration

hydraulic During

cross

half

apparently

Pensdown

well are

the

only

although

with

connection

of

cwt

the

6s8d’,

to

shown

the

on

the

of

‘Middle

we

provide

on

in

perhaps

in

of

Lower

Saxon several

join

of he

in ordered

of

brook

found,

which

of

occurs

iilage

Ok

Great mill

small

as be

aerial

of

were

Mill

west

It

any

Ieani

as

canal

the

1953

the early

the

was

the

the

the

and

is

at

the

of

a

the

a

on is

SMALIMEAD

PENSDOWN

The

INGSBATCH

HOLLlWELI

Great

Great

Little

strips

Pensdown ndge

the

still

thrown

north

Fieldnames

EARLY

ditch.

GASTONS

visible

(,‘ROfl’

CRIBBS

FIELD

and

formed

where

up

furrow

‘,y

Hill.

in

H

the

(probably

the

part

(Barn)

(ditto,

the

(Ingbach

(Hoilywell,

((‘ribes.

(Smallmede,

(Ic

lane

I)

arabic

plouah

stream

of

Gaston,

SY

CLOSE

a

1730)

once

STEM

large

hedge,

field

‘Bupplesfield’.

1622;

in

Hidden

1590)

recrossed

Inner

possibilities;

1590)

on

medieval

strips

(originally

‘small

1601)

thrown

‘(part i

1590)

(

the

hade

among

possibilities;

‘hedged

extending

(ia.ctttn.

top’

‘narrow

enclosed

of;

together’

‘adjacent

the

field 1V

(OR

1730)

Great

a

bushes,

‘summit

canal

ground

grass together

Aerial

system

4%

meadow’

pennes-dun),

across

grounds

Croft,

‘a

family’.

to

(OF

‘healing

or

in

a

enclosures’

former

containing

the

few

hill’

photographs

stream

Hoxham,

which

Small

croft).

with

Little

boundary

near

(OEsmael-maed).

maconry

(Brit.

spring’

common

the

in

‘hill

Mead

once

the

C

a

roft,

cribs

shallow

pen

(OR and

hollow’

houses,

belonging

hedge

ha

remains

coered

northward

(OR

and

+

field

traces

or

gaers-tun).

e

OF

stall?

revealed

halig-wella),

outline

Barn

of

one

(OR

owned

dun),

c’f

lnglesbatch’.

almost of

to

containing

Close.

into the

holh-wella).

Pefen

(OEcribh)

masonry

ot’

‘hill

a

by

inlet

(‘ribbs.

about

the

large

the

(OE)’.

1730)

with

or

slice

whole

Buphill

are

‘spring

a

area

25m

1

barn.

pens

hese

still

are

of of ot North Hill Farm

he lands in Priston now owned by North Full farm (Dunkerton) were previously part of Hill Farm in Priston which, in the middle agas, belangad in the ‘Eastfield’ and Souihfcld the manor As wth most of the other farms in Priston Hill Farm was created from the reorganisation and consolidation of the old copyhold tenures in the Ite 18th century when the present pattern of fields first appeared. The earliest lease seems to have occurred in 1808, to Samuel Fowler of Priston, yeoman, succeeded in the 1820s by a MrYoung. He seems to ha’e been quickly followed by MrGreen Veale, the owner listed on the 1840 tithe map. l’he map also shows that certain Odes belonging to Hill Farm were then glebe land still belonging to the rectory. Following the breakup of Hill Farm in the l970s, its other Iinds to the north of the village are now incorporated with lnglesbatch Farm (Finglishcombe). I’he farmstead was sold separately, and the buildings all converted to domestic accommodation. eGrades

Hedge number 1co1ogical tirade Species Count Archaeological grade Overall tirade

22 A IC) I

25 Ii 8 I 24 B (NSP) 7 II 27 Ii 7 II

114 B (L, NSP) 7 1

115 Ii 5 I I 116 Ii 4 II

Archaeological Sites and Features

SOUTHERN PARISH BOUNDARY (Grade 1) The highest grade hedges lie along this boundary, confirming its ancient origin. Its course is described in the Saxon charter of 936 AD, most of which can still be identified today, consisting of Blind Lane (hedges 22 and 23) and the footpath between Tunley and Nailwell (along hedges 114 and 115). It then followed a main highway called a ‘herepath’ which is now thought to have previously existed as an ancient track known as the ‘Jurassic Way’ running down from the Cotswolds into Somerset. Somewhere along this part of the boundary the charter mentions several stone markers called a ‘thyrla-stan’ (stone with a hole in it), and a ‘hara-stan’ (hoar stone). Both seem to have disappeared, and their exact location and significance is unkiown, The road appears to have fallen out of use by the middle ages, but the boundary hedges are frequently mentioned in the manorial court-rolls, as in the order of 1436 that ‘all the customary tenants of the lord n Priston together make and enclose the hedges between the fields of Priston, Dunkerton and (‘arlingcott, where they lie open, before the feast of the Invention of the Holy (‘ross next coming, on pain to each of them of 40d’

ROADS AND PATHWAYS (Grade 11) Most of the roads and paths in Priston are of early origin, the roads from Priston to Tunley and Englishcombe, for exampic, evidcritly beinr connections to the Saxon ‘herepath’ Phe footpath past Rockhill was in use in the 16thcentury when the hridge at Horsepool’ is mentioned, and was presumably an old route to (‘arlingeoti and Withyditch before the development of Tunley. There are also remains nearby of an old ‘fieldway’, leading off eastward from Rockhill, which only went out of use in recent times.

SF1FS OF HIGH POTENTiAl Although the bro kside areas in the salleys are the most uk ly source f future di cos cries the k f th downs base been in human isc sin ancier I tmes s shown ieee tly when earl c i Is ii s were revealed by aerial ph toorM dun Iv I knid I Fh ill a n

Fl H ©

t1

., ii Ii

POOR

LONGMEAD

HORSEPOOL

HORSE

BROAD

BERLEDGE

BAGNALLS

field opposite

Liorsepool

Rockhi

Fieldnames

terraces

GROUND

II

LEAZE

CROFT

side

occupies

contami

of

(ditto,

FIN1N(1

to

(Longemeade,

(Ic

the

the

(from

(Brodecrofte,

(from

Horsepoole,

the

ig

lane

1590)

old

est

site

(BagnelisTineing

1840)

1840)

in

enclosure

abase

of

possibly

Whippy’s

1590)

a

pasture

probably

1591)

endowment’.

quarry

1500)

Long

banks.

narrow

hillside

Mead,

pasture

large

and

ground

Mead

spoor

1730)

i

meadow’ or

Aerial

close

mekiln,

I

containing

quality

now

for

ledge

horses’.

near

a

a photos

belonging

fenced

and

where

pL

soil

(()E

a

ntaton),

dwelling’

a

that

,

have

pond

lang-maed).

euJosure

barley

sometimes

unginally

to

also

for

Bagnall’

and

is

(OB

horses

reealed

grown

from

an

a

hmdcroft).

a

charitable

area

(GE house

the

(GE

(OL

a

Lu

common

tynng).

series

horspol)

stood

bere

thc

south

of

hlin.

on

held

early

the in Village Farm rjgij As tb most 01 the farms ifl inston, Village Farm was created 1mm the ru t t ro r1IlI H n I t”. old L0’ ho! reu ok p t eJ o tho IS h eta th e’vhst nep )r’ t b c d C SI \ C c rs in I82H ir s j ‘ liken to r i e nire it been in cx ttnce F I u °u. Rru a c i,ct ect m1 bee sJ the land acquired by farms outside the parish and the farmhouse being sold separately, apparently br use as a stables.

Extent I he land presently belonging to the fann covers the southern part of the area which once constiuted the medieval eEastfield of Priston. This property started in the late 18th century as a relatively small farm (perhaps belonging to a free tenant) owning the fields immediately surrounding the house. Further land was acquired during the following century, principally by amalgamation with a similar property nearby owning land on the south-east side of the parish known as Whiddlecombe Farm.

Buildings The present double-pile farmhouse stands at the extreme east end of the village street, and is aligned roughly north-south facing west across the brook. It was not examined in detail but contains a dairy room on the north-east side and a cider-cellar entry at the north end, and is linked by a modern corridor-range to a small detached store-house at the back. The original house was sited closer to the brook (now the garden) and was demolished before 1840, but it is not clear whether it was immediately replaced by the present house, which was certainly in existence by 1884.

The new site already contained several small buildings in the late 18th century, one of which may have been the stable which stands an the south end of the house abutting the road and facing along the approach to the village. On the same alignment as the house, it has a simple gabled roof with copings resting on ovolo-moulded cushions, and a two-stage stone stack at the peak of the northern gable. At the back, the Welsh slate roof has a row of large edge-halved Bath stone slabs as its lowest course which are probably survivals from the original covering. The main west elevation is a symmetrical facade designed to be seen from the road. Built in the ‘cottage-ornée’ style, popular in this region in the early 19th century, it has a central pointed-arched doorway with chamfered freestone surround flanked by two pointed-arched windows with freestone jarnbs and projecting sill, the lower part of each window being fitted with a vertically-slatted sliding vent. The east wall is embedded in the steep bank of the back paddock, so that only the top part containing a loft entry is exposed. The south gable end against the road is featureless, but in the north end, facing the rear garden courtyard of the house, there are two features side by side low down in the wall consisting of large freestone blocks above three smaller upright blocks. The significance of these is not yet clear. Set against the east end of this wall are four stone steps giving access to the back paddock. Inside, some original wooden posts and partitions survive which formerly accommodated three horses, and there is a stone drain parallel with the front wall. There was possibly a fireplace on the first floor (perhaps for the convenience of a groom), but access could not be gained to verify this. At the north end of the house and on the same alignment is another detached building at the edge of a large paddock. In recent times it served as a pigstve block. hut the only doorway. in the north gable end facing away from the house, was once a large cart entry set asymmetrically in line with the eastern wall which has been divided into a stable-type door on the left, and a breeze-block wall with metal-framed window on the right. Midway along the east wall there is a single rectangular window, splayed internally, set high up with lintel level with the eaves. At the top are four panes in line, with a vertically-slatted sliding vent below. The south wall has a single splayed window, but the west wall is featureless.

Also irmerly belonging to this farm is a group of buildings sited around a yard along the north s.ide of the village street lOOmor so to the west f0 the house. According to the maps, these were built between 1840-84. probably when the Whiddlecombe property was acquired. :NGL:3H :ERrrAcE HISTORIC LANDSCAPE SURVEY S or VILLAGE FARM TN PRITSTON

*VC COUNTY LNNxG DZP’. 1991

Fields namts n use about 1(X)

I Iedes

Nun e\ ni e:e Ui ru I(Ie 1511115 151111 eiJ11rkS aill i sible ‘II a r 15)11 sraph

Ecology

\Vxded areas Eli t ‘nimproved pasture — \Vatereourscs

Archaeology

Old roads and paths

— r\reas 01 high potenhal

Scale I) IX) metres Sequence 3. 2. 3. working Tithe Current First Priston of

edition map farm Estate OS farm of l250O OS developments Priston layouts map map of map, and at William

before

25” l97O9l. Wilmington. as to conversion shown Jenkins, the mile, showing

on: 1840. 1793. 1884. to dwellings. the

jl840-l884

I fl 18th 1793-1840 1884-1970 century buildings ‘. ,,

orIgin,

whir in

between and,

around

origin,

to laying

recorded

Whiddiecombe Somerset.

an

today,

location

against ‘thyria-stan’

herepath’. AD

this

122

121

120

119

117

24

III III)

Fledge 109

the 108

doors

yard

opening, high

each regularly hipped

which

at enclosing

possibly

side EARLY

character

Most

ROAI)S

ancient

SOUTH-EASTERN

h

Archaeological

despite

boundary,

as

the

Hedge

kinks

may

such

the of

and the

quality number

having

of

have

following

into

the

the

of

south

it

in

the and

at

them

road

area he

the

may

them

the

It a

in

AND headland

FIELD as

the

spaced

stream

track

the that

pioughing Survey the

a

hedges

been

(stone

ca!fhouse,

significance

should

small

the the

‘herepath’

a

a Bath

end,

south

from

confirming

of

who

once

1447

main

was south

trackwa

they

have

sliding

1’cological

PATHWAYS

Tye existing

as

demolished,

known

the

to openings

Sites

SYSTEMS The

Grades

with

concrete

freestone,

did around

Priston already

room

manorial

have

baulks

were

block.

the

already

be

end,

Mead

io ‘Eden’

It

in It

It

II

It

It

It

not B

which

PARISH

door.

and roof

a

bucksLdf leading

noted

‘herepath’

Grade

(I.,NSI)

(NSr)

recent

cutting belonged)

as hedge not

hole having its

being but

come Whytelcombeditch

to

can

in

Features and

with

yard

at

ancient

the

been

(Newton NailweIl recorded cow-troll

The

The

its

had

existence

but

in

the

that

be

(Grade

(Grade

to

Buckslade

times,

boundaries.

unknown,

to

Species BOUNDARY

construction

very behind ‘Jurassic

across

two

it).

converted

distinguished,

short

northern

a

not

Englishcornbe

west

the

(main

and

m

the

brief

origin.

Although

7

7

flat-lintelled

4

8

7 4

7 tO

flattened

for

in

yet

indicating

laying

Count

II)

rOn

easily brook)

II)

arm

has

BucksFad. end

the during

hedge

detail.

example

examination

road),

been

Most

which

the

Way’

w There

Its

room

roadside

raised

is

Sonic to

of

of

traced

at who

course

divided

to

the

ii

rest domestic

the segmental the

which Some

(Grade converted.

of

and 12d’.

and the

that

is

Whiddlecombe,

are

has

running is entries

stone

ridge-tiles

being

the

earthworks

were Middle and

now main

of

Archaeological

north

a some

then wall,

on

the

is

modem an

all the

roads

fine

into

runs

was

I)

Whiddlecombe described

thought

U

aerial

seems regularly

evidently accommodation

remains entry

block

the

westward

in

arches

boundary

with The

ntum is

of

This

down

Ages,

complex

two

2

possible

and

2

both

along I

I

unclear.

lord’s the

to

temporary

overlie

photographs.

highest

from

to

the

abuts

provide grade rooms

consists to

paths

old framed,

of side

as

from

have

in

summoned

a

uiawh

continuing

have

short

the

tenants

along

connection

early

divisions shown

the

can

of

the of

The

directly

walls,

others,

in

grade

with

disappeared,

boundary

earthworks

towards a

previously

the

vents.

Saxon

arm

structures

easily east

Priston

of

and

arabic

as building

‘t

the

main

must

by

an

an

o

Cotswolds

with

The

the

abutting hedges

to

are

Overall

and

hem

are

road

onto

The

up

iRo

an charter

interconnecting

L-shaped

to

be

this,

front

are

the one

fieid-srips come

so

ficidways preserved

agreement the

the

the

two

stream

II

II

II

II

identified

posttor existed

I

I

Il on towards

to

short

a

centred

Grade

of

of changed lie

its stream

on

facing

jarnbs,

Saxon

house the

has

combe

the

their

of

to

early

later internal

along

exact

pain

into

arm

936

block

the

street

west.

three

at

as

east

a

the

(to

in

in is

SNAILWELL

NEW

HOME

[YE HOLLI

FERNEY

CHAMPNEIS

BUCKSLAI)E

BEAN

The

BATHEWAY

quarry

Whippy’s

estate

likely

diameter,

appears

but

possibly remains

also

unimproved appears

(lose.

giving

associated

banks

that

Fieldnames

SITES

IIMEKILN

the

MEADI1’INING

BATCHES

provides

this

(T()SE

source

WELL

map

GROUNI)

ACRE

and

drawing

It

access

in

to

of to

area

CLOSE

fuelled

is

Mead.

it

The

OF

be

Iimekiln, of

with

take

not

a

was

of

or

may

(ditto,

small

important

(ditto,

(FIELD)

of

FURLONG (probably

(Hollywell,

to

Priston,

‘

HIGH

(ditto,

clear

Batches

future

arch

i

semi-improved

(‘a

the

probably

these

with

(Grade

relatively

the

(Vernye

(before

i

a

Hwitda

nd

Toft

lime-kiln

form

is

1730)

1730;

stream

whether

(before

and

POTENTIAL

coal

discoveries

ude

1590)

works

intact

for

ecological

(only

Beneclose,

which

Ill)

called

that

only

of

an

1840)

lease/close,

now

example, curnb.

from

1590)

(Champnes

‘recently

recent

at

at

possibilities;

1840) a

early

is

this

Immediately

which

an

1634-1730)

its

‘holloway’,

the

built

‘Nailwell’)

the

appear

the

Tunley

pasture

‘ground

earlier

c936

possibilities;

eastern

includes

merely

origin

information

bottom.

site

Batch’,

‘pasture

massive

1597)

maed/tyning).

enclosed

for

shows

As

was

of

1606)

forland,

to

colliery.

local

which

house

well

‘whrie

and

served

occupation.

next end.

presumably

‘deli

‘dell

the

have

‘next

‘small

behind

above

1500)

‘spring

It

that

meadow/fenced

bank

‘pasture

‘(

is

consumption.

as

out

is

areas

to At

-

about

c

then

has

I

where

frequented ‘healing

constructed

or

combo’

aes).

1622)

as

worth

to

the been

the

the

It

the

of

enclosure

back

Bucksiade). which

possibilities:

(ME

stream

the

a

the

where

not

is

surrounding

stood

the

farmhouse

house

brookside

their

field

western

Equally

not

enclosure

beech

fed

meadow

west

U

road

or

‘a

noting

only

bache)’.

common

spring’ belonging

runs

shown

division

past.

in

ridge

snails

boundary,

from

on

by

at

e

where to

The

side

a of

enclosure

contributed

trees

the

end

Rockhill striking

hollow’ male across

Bath’

that

brick.

(OF

areas

‘belonging

covered

the

abound’

pasture

present

(OF

superstructure

on

of

field’,

opposite

grow’

the

of

beans

to

all

deer’

the

any quarry

baec),

or

the

(unidentified

a

halig-wella),

Champneys’.

in Being

bank

I

is

(OF

these

(OF

former

occupies

perhaps

sewage

habitations.

another

the

in (OE large-scale

enclosures.

were

neighbouring

to

(OF

(OF

fern’

teag side

or

to

changes

face

holh-wella),

their

valleys,

only

earthworks

bucc-slaed).

beside

a

bucc-siaed),

snaegl-wella).

grown’

common

dwelling

has

of

as

works

above group

(OE

the

survival,

5’

about

the

a or

-

collapsed,

maps.

The

probably

shape

causeway

a

the

site

fearnig

‘spring

PossiblY

stream

lane

of

are

Ferney

it,

2m

field

lie

most

1793

on

earth

of

and

and

the

but

or

but

in

in

in

a a

structures

the

opening occasionally

stable,

wall

wall.

There

interest opening.

wall,

ground

wooden at

which of

studied

farm

breakup

reorganised,

Mr.Brittain. Charles of

considered

with

then

Redfield Western

Westfield’.

which only

in

small several

each

together

projecting

buildings

indicating

effectively

Redfield

backbuiidings, source

completely

possibility

would

reorganisation

each

the

The

trough

good

Buildings

the

Extent

had

Qgi_

Priston

This

which

land

made

flax

fragments

farmyard

side,

is

these

appears

buildings

first

wall

now

is

level

end

as

in

therefore

The lintel. new

a

Beak husbandry...’,

a

sector

of

of

a

forming

could

Farm

survi\

Farm.

appears

has

part

or

similar

the

on

square

The with

surviving

with

injurious

half southward

a

ranging of

extends

abuts

low-level

Hill

doubled water.

found

that

By

so

interior

He

is

new

buildings

hemp

the

regular,

New

recently

east

the At of

of

to

The

of

a

As

is

that

land

he

(tenant;

further

of

of

closing

i

1808

It

now

was

Elizabeth

with

it

ug

Farm

blocked this

north

be

a

the

Priston,

window

against

seem

the

site

gate.

to east

a was

filled

in

wall

this

the

replaced

simple

with

along

contrary

rear Initially

Farm

by

as

flat

from

a

initially

is

to

pigsties by

be

wooden

succeeded

northern

brief.

remain

both

medieval

lands

openings

pair

if

for

from

been

far

divided probably

front old

century,

side

had

which

the

1840

small

Although

in

may

an

amalgamating

that

off

from

George

west

small-scale,

T’

most

the

another

opening

the

north

various

yeoman,

farms

gabled

1970,

splayed

of

original

copyhold

land Davies,

encroached

its

of

further

the

of

therefore shape

facing some

the

he

allocated

to

north

incorporated

to

the

guillotine

the buildings

blocked

wall

erection

he

end

western

the

into

modest of

allow

imply

‘Northfield’

held

and

centre

particularly

as

the

at

in

adjective

Laurence),

were

but

yard

promised

the

building

farm

small

farmyard.

this

of

periods

the

earlier

the

with

side

in

has

internally

extended

two

having

fitting,

the

1829

and

contrary

meaning

New

tenures

other

general

the

egress

plan. mode1

outside.

an

have

being

up

to road.

time

edge.

of

with

of farms

of

a yard,

occupying

compartments

extent.

gate

southwards

consisted

blue

store-house,

his

this

range

original

John

door

square

a

the

structure the

Farm

built

‘new’

into

with

whch

‘..Iately

This

long

been

grounds

to

that

a

after

to closing

leased

The

of

south

brother

This

with

to

has

between

farm

that

character

yard

farm’

of

in

similar present

in

discontinue.

at

piglets

Perry

of

Priston,

In

the

between

the

and

the

the

the

narrow

openings

the was

some

main

dressing at Priston,

the

function the

took

layout

small

several

require

the

contains

(tenant;

the

of

only

by

custom

present

farmstead

cropped

assumption needing

over

that

much

off plan,

north

acquired

John

lease...which

has

during

barn

north

squared

property

the

farmhouse.

outer

while

William

which

by

mid-l9th

block

form

place

of

while

the

store-houses

range

seems of

time

1840-84.

the

a a

brook,

fields

with

this

of

Beak

a

was

below

as set

wall, New

James

boarded

similar

of

a

complex

ground-level

In

end

corners

the

containing

of

and

a

more

whose

complex

farmyard, seems

at the

at

a

the

the

was

in

off

refers

in

building flat

for

centred

1811

pighouse.

Rodbard burned

pigswili

to

a

low

the

that

near

but

on farmhouse

of

century

blue

Farm

sowed

lay

lands

Marksbury

a

symmetrical Neville)

country

additional

have by

It

This

livestock enlarged.

d&oaiied

window

site

system

wooden

partition,

Bathwick,

the

to

has

time

end

of

level

the

is

the

of

only

in

the

closing

rectangular

has

series

have

otherwise

down the

of

in

been

next

the

suggests

with was

east

the

two

chute modern

would

opening

farms

part

who

of

opening

village

This

the

the

Redfield

and

the

is

stonework

once

to

yards.

sow,

of

the

and

northern

consisted

unaR

stable-type

lintel.

a

aligned

of

the

side

land

drastically

to

a

of

created

the

but and

in

is

the

parish two

area

village

through

also

curious

cropping

type

further

were

followed

openings

arrangement

not

cited

the

constituted

the

18th

the

The ground-level

following

unit

1840

a

western

of

in

adoption

of

By

sjc in

featureless.

belonging

foldyards

farms

a

two-horse

to

The

of

Farm.

exclude

of

particular

road

said

the

the

l930s,

which

few

were

leased

east-west,

century.

blocked

in the

than

sector

the

buildings

below

known

tithe

from

of

land

feature gate

range

which

south

a

south

doors

north

altered

being

lands

a

were

rules

with

and

bond l880s

by

side

small

The

barn

not

the

is

map

and

of

the

was

is

at

to

the

of

the

on

a

to

a

of

as

of

it

a a

.\mcan

hgh

pent’)

— —

p and

\‘atc,coureS

nmpwvcd pastilmn

\V noded ;rCo

nr ‘i’r

( Ider Idwik’ nUt

cdgc c tng ihoift

mc \‘

h S,jrted wth no) mt

Hcdge

F11th n (namcs uc

cTO

- -

tHM I W PRISTON

L INTh’kJI SUNVFI IBSTOBIC

N

J NGL:H ( Sequence of farm developments as shown on:

1. Priston Estate map of Williani Jenkins. 1793.

2. Tithe map of Priston and Wilinmgten. 1840.

3. First edition OS map at 25” to the mile, 1884.

4. Current OS 1:2500 map, 1970-91, showing the working farm layouts before conversion to dweLln:

18th century butldings 1793-1840 I8$O-l884

El 1884-1970 possible here. hut appear largely to relate to housing for cattle or horses. Built against the eastern end of this wall are the two buildings that encroach into the yard near the entrance. The western building has a lean-to roof against the wall, and on the south side drops O.8rn from floor level into the yard, the south wall having two plain rectangular windows and plain flat lintelled door at the extreme east end approached by a concrete ramp from the west. The west wall has two plain doors. and there are three more in the north wall, two being blocked up. Now used for storage. this building may have originated as a loose-box. Abutting the east wall is the second building, aligned east-west, with the north side of its gabled roof raised to a shallower pitch to accommodate an adjoining modern roof. It appears to be a large cartshed. the east end being completely open to the top of the wall, with weatherboarding above in which there is a central door giving entry into some form of loft. There is a doorway in the north wall. and a partition at the west end forms a separate room with doors in its east and west walls. The south wall is featureless, and supports a small lean-to cartshed open at the east end with two large wooden gates, its walls being also featureless. Hedge Survey Grades

Hedge number kcological Grade Species (‘mini Archaeological grade Overall Grade

4 13 4 2 II 6 II 4 2 II 50 11(1., NSP) 3 2 II 51 II 4 2 II

57 A 5 I 58 Ii 7 2 II 59 B 9 2 II

61) 13 6 I

6 1 13 4 I

62 11 4 I

63 II 5 I I 64 II 9 2 II 65 Ii 6 2 II 66 II 6 2 II 67 13 (NSI’) 4 2 II 6% 3 8 2 II 69 B 7 2 II 7(1 13 3 2 II 76 13 (NSI’) 7 2 II ‘79 13 6 2 II 82 II 6 2 II 83 13 7 2 11 86 13 6 2 II 8% 13 (I,, NSI) 4 2 II 89 13 (SP) 5 2 II

90 A (NSP) 4 I

91 A (II 7 I 1 92 13 4 1 I

13 4 1 94 13 7 1 1

Wood land

POFTFRNF BRAKF’ (I rde 1J ‘7 indicator pccies ‘1read ested prob 1hJ ii irt nf ccnah in the 1790c vnen otimc Mesd 4as trarsferred to Ne Farm trom Mit’ F’m 0 was then half its present size, being enlarged in the early part of this century by the addihon of strip taken 993 of Ne s I nmg the fleld adjoining the east side s’de b&ongirg to the Mill Aa ntrv in the I 39S rnsoonal ourtroil reLord’ng a rece p3of 20d from LheBailitf for hood

o

northeast traces

occupation

manufacture

scatter

prompted

significance species.

origin,

boundary.

previously

banks

kinks

established

megalithic Wilmington

side This

Redfield use

the Romans

Anglo-Saxon

hedges have

grade

other

used e

There

disappeared

orchard

1395

1500

pieces

At

woodland.

in

i2

COALPITS

POTFERNE

ROADS

WILMINGTON-PRISTON

I

WESTERN

Archaeological

Poterneland’

2 remains

CONYGRE

that

of

by

HANLEY

trackway

acres

of

followed

in

as

there

was

the

strips

detected

hedges,

and

Horlock

)s

was

90-92,

of Saxon

another

time

The

the

as

a

edge

was

and

was

indr

court

discovered

spinney

warren

stones

in

shared.

AND

a

site is

it

in

there. also

when

nearby

of hedgerows

are

salt

by

there

footpath

a size,

still

is

examination

charters

the

of

and

(Grade has

planted

BRAKE

an

times,

numbers

further

a

being

MEAD

we

PARISH

on of

roll

in

also

significant

a

BRAKE

1884.

the

or

suggests

PATHWAYS

prehistoric

along

past,

A

old

then

brake

been or

is

was

a they

containing

which

Sites

In

the

iron-ore

air

which

Percis

neat

North

mentions

similar

also

highest

hunting

described

near

ditch

Ill)

the

although

of

record

and

to

called

another

on

photos,

traced

the

l3th-l4th

between were

and

(Grade

beside

hint

57

of

Grade

about

BOtJNDARY

(Grade

disappeared

that

Stanton

There

el 1 1arktr

18th

Somerset

the

have

the

is

top

of

(ealdan

high

situation

that supply

and

Features

trackway

clearly

grade.

scraper

in

‘Redford’,

ground

road its separated

from

a

Potterne

I

opposite

of

(Grade

brake

the

as

century

936

1V,

suggest “

not

an

MANOR

Ill)

receipt

the

are

ecological 90-94,

the

Withey

IV,

surface

Wilmington

a

century,

junction

eschaet

Prior

road

route

acres

Tunley die)

no

‘straet’

survived.

The

AD

remains

Coalfield.

shown

point

The

roadside

was

no

mi!y

or

about

and

indicators)

along

II).

between

Brake

area

of

species)

the

which for

lie

in

(Grade

that boundary

side

with

to

not

through

of

also

after

Mead

interpretation

was

BOUNDARY

where

roll

Upper

Most

or to 17s6d

on

Camerton.

650m

interest. along

to

Priston

name

land

but

although

of

of

which

long

the

found Saltford

In

may

metalled

behind

the

Thorpe’s

the

Copse

hedges

and

of probably

can

ploughing,

a

scrub

and

the

1840-84.

the

I).

of appeared

coal

lying

a

from

Hanley came

boundary

stoned

to

Mill.

the

Potterne

this

‘Nettle

e\pior300n

have

between

before

still

two

the

and

the

at

h It

As

13th

Nettle

the

nearby

may

shaft

the

has

and

boundary

often

the

there

Most

itt

boundary

roads

road.

in

The

‘wood

acre

into

be

boundary

Marksbury.

the

been

of

1742

east

always

lane

century

throughout

This

the

a

top

been

between

farmstead,

suggest

is

Hill’ clearly

Domesday,

and

beside

this

(Grade

Hill,

existence

Mead

dating hedge

the

wood

of

( on

divided

thought

contain

are

and

in

the

map

Common

of

which

Oi

for

sold

it

was

deduced

an

the

tleldname.

Conygre.

two

the occurs

a

appears

successor

no

crossed

together

paths

which

this

coal

the

had

1r

seen

of

some

source

area

was

of

survey

in east

1840-84

at

described

I)

field.

In

manors

indications

still

the

to

the

the

an

the

brook

Conygro”.

area

anpar,

in

Conyger’,

but

been

had

the

in

on

have

although

The

of

on

probably

side

Field,

earlier

that

the

Bath

is

area

to

pottery

highest

18th

runs

Priston

Priston

of

Conygre

with

shows,

the

medieval

both

already seems

charter

mentioned

both

of

‘potter’s

have

in

along

early

later

of

the

was

been

wood

hedges

district.

an

of

century,

along

western Rcdfield,

called in

i’

the

partition.

traces

old

seem

sides

suggests

fallen

earlier

are

presumably

as established.

of

and

cultivation

lies

to

1591

number

the

of 19th

used

with

the

started

it

gully,

or

Brook

ditch

have

pottery

house’.

is

the

pottery

of

e

next

greater

on

Gulleys’.

in

line

frith.

highest

of

century,

of

to

side

her

in

said

as

several

with

by

out

early

and

area

west

about

the

The

about

old

was

been

two have

an

the

‘two

the

a

of

of

to

of

at

of

to

In

an of

(,Ut

GIBBS

CONEYGAR

plough.

times, was

into

some

below

of

remains

find

was

an

Mill,

game. demesne

mounds’

presumably

circular

they extending

Pensdown

British

of

and All

hedge,

at

Priston

indefinitely,

following

uossiblv

pit,

have

managemert sunk,

sinking ncs

I

1793

‘oflfle

Field

the

SITE

LIMEKILN

each

area

CONYGRE

a

GOOSEMEAD

F

replaced

the

Conygre

that

originally

is hut

low

are

form

several

coal

Coombs

the

the

the

been

Although

in

HAMS

names

apparently

of

but

adjoining

ME:

settlement

site,

enclosures.

until

for

S

OF

of

remains

difficult

hac

heapstead.

very

or

ac

colliers

lower

map

road.

lands

wooded ad

of

beyond

the

at

Hill

the

some

responshle

a

M)

other

CO’EFAGES at

including

between

survived

an

more

and

grange

the

result

enture

Redfield

01

(Conyger,

good

of

also 0!

‘Coneygar’,

COOMBS

kiln

(Obbes

AND

outbreak

agreeable

‘(josenende.

part

are

of George

other

of

opening

considerable

the

despite

unstated

to

located

remains

field,

Mill

ground

are

with

contains

on

AN[)

of

these

Priston condition.

itself,

Thanks

the

trace,

which initiated

of

Br

SPRING

1840-84

Vaughan

to

two

the

mentioned

the

grounds

Lane

their

Hams

where

remains

for

s[oI

Vaughan.

come

1395)

continued

give

workings

TOWN of

several

ofTunley

habitat.

beside

the

of

but

shaft-opening

reason

(Grade

southern

(Grade

circular

stood

the

other

to

was

the

area.

the

walls

into

a

by

I

adjoining

are

a

by extent.

subsidence,

a

CONYGRE

warren

Middle

success.

S9I

1590)

‘rabbit

called

or

site

detailed

William

war

plentiful

the

of

there

granted Goosemead

seams

a

the

in

HILL

quite

technical

IV)

This

other

IV) nephew

being

buildings

rank

today

of interest

an

side pit

an

stream

work

with

mend’

Nevertheless,

‘Gibbs’

As

an

Coneygar

have

in

warren’ was

English

The

early

in

extensive

18th

of

members

of

h

quarry

and

incorporated

(Grade

of

picture

the Das

18th

well

supply to

1906.

at

cottages.

(t

coal

the

was

France.

rd

throughout

in

disused

William

the

innovations

been

‘-c

(Grade

century

housing

Conygre

other

the

field

18th

Wilbam

les

and

pened

waterside

which

century

‘s

as

stone-lined

word

suddenly

and

(ME

hill. from

The

h”re

in

of

Ill)

an

still

Prior

found

of

Town

of

century.

in

system,

traces

F92.

In

the

proceeded

various

IV)

These

area

piggery

Victorian his

Town

Air

coniger) survey,

the 1793

for

and

the

ceese

Jenkins

The

which

exist

Davies.

are

into

limekiln.

any

the

of

work

family

there,

Hill,

meadow’

Prior

‘rabbit

elsewhere

of

horse-gins

wound

photographs

of

A

the

It

fragments

earthworks

shaft estate

Described

were

Bath

the

Hill

perhaps event,

further

ecological

19th

is

licence p

small

masonry

at

it

which

snaft

thereby

which

fortunate

who

could

in

and

debris

to

piggery.

was

being

Potterne

and

is

warren’.

partially

Although

century,

up

map

by

re-open

the

fauna

open

conk

the

it

had

tOE downstream

early

for

supplied

suggests

which

in

include

linked

hunt

king

was

of

is

recalled

are

as

predating

is

I

shows

on

interest,

show

the

project

60s,

leased

‘right

more

that

Their the

to

a in

hamm

still

as

is

still

demolished

no

However,

in carried

fowl

the

‘William

‘barn

there

Edward

a

operated

Redlield

manor.

built well

horse-gin

with

the

the

-c

depth

what

coal

turned

various

that

these

can

likely

and

visible

western

of

for

the

gardens

and

the

was

accounts

following

and

the

are as

on

warren’

almost

the

active

was

out

still

this

Mill

appear

is

of

Jenkins’

eastern rabbits Throughout

other

earthworks

Lane.

I

the no

that

no

the

barton’,

up

as

postponed

on

shown

structures

Romano

in

2Qft

in

under

wall

territory

mined

slope

be

and

part

thrown

surface

‘pillow

by

site

pumps.

recent

sers

the

to

it

small

ot

1275,

in

seen

to

Here

or

year

still

was

end

may

the

in

the

of

his

this

top

old

of

the

ice

be

of

on

it

so

in

a a

YEW TRUZWAY/DRESSWAY

WITHEY

TOWN

TININGS

SMOKELANDS

RED

PO’FTERNE

NETTLE

LIMEKILN

HOOKLANDS

HORLOCK

HANLEY

FIELD

STILES

HILL

MEAD

HILL

(Lower

(Hanley

COOMBES

MEAD

(ditto,

(Harlock,

(Ic

(c.

(ditto.

(ditto,

Townell,

1800)

(Smokelaundes

(Wythimede,

Tining,

Field,

1595)

(Poterneland,

c.1730)

c.1730)

‘lands

1602)

(ditto,

Saxon

(OF

1595)

possibilities;

(Tresway,

c.1730)

1593)

marked

read-feld);

possibilities;

enclosure’

‘compound

1590)

‘hill

‘(field-strips)

1730)

dyeing

boundary

‘high

Foord,

possibilities;

previous

1395)

‘fenced

where

(OF

‘willow

1602)

by

‘land

clearing

or

‘open-field

1603)

a

‘open-field

tyning).

(OF

medicinal

‘glade

charter,

on

stile

settlement’;

nettles

in

enclosures’

acm

‘(beside)

‘horn-shaped

on

a

meadow’

a

horh-loc);

commuted

or

‘land

(or

stony

‘hill

1603

narrow

a

where +

open

grow’,

spur

(OE

steep

ME

near

near

use,

on

where

a

ridge’

brushwood

foot-bridge

of

land’

launde).

rade-feld);

a

(OF

valley

which

(OEwithig-maed).

(probably the

climb)

(OF

the

sometimes

old

potter’s

land’

enclosure’

to

reeds

crossing’,

(CE

tun-hyll).

village’;

(Cli

money’

netel-hyll).

sheepfoid’

with

the

and

(CE

way’

haer-loc).

grow’

house

tithe

hean-leah.

was

from

‘open-field

a

a

allowed

hoc-land).

limckiln’

Yew

‘hilt

(Oh

ie

(OE

requested

of

(OF

(CE

stands’

the

the

(Oh

firewood

where

tree’.

horn-bc);

trus-weg).

smoc-larid);

ford

common

hrcad-feld).

to

hard

with

(OF

grow

(OF

in

there

here.

oc)

the

was

comb).

red

for

pottera

‘muddy

field),

was soil’

-

in a

1(X) nattc’ P

high potential ol \reas

— —

paths and roads )ld

g o h e A a cc 0

6’ 1 \atercourscs

F1st 0 ore I ‘nrnprnved

Wooded OFS

Ecology

(on photographs) air

isible still cidworks )lder

\ 18(X)

about eXIstIng I ledges l

Wire

rei.no (with hedges Surveyed

hedges

18(X) a1)ut use rn (nirncs Fie’ds

cr.

6;

c r R

p:

COUNTh AVON

- 0

0

MANOR

TON WILM1NG

OF

I VI I LAN.DSCAJ S( HISTORiC

HEtfl iNGLL5

Sequence

3.

4. 2

I

Tithe

Priston

Current First

orkmg

of

edition

map

farm

Estate

OS

farm

of

I

developments

OS

Priston

2500

layouts

map

map

of

map,

and

at

Wilham

before

25

Wilmington,

1970M1

as

to

conversion

shown

Jenkins,

the

mile,

showing

on:

1840.

I

188$.

to

p93.

dwell

the

ugs.

I

S

18th

1840-1884

1793-1840

884-

century

970 buildings ..

,.

j

boundary

18th

century stone

fc.ature

abuts

machincr

opening,

below to

end

western

porch shed

insertion

also

the original

ovolo-moulded

massive

indications

extends

modern

barn, can

reduced

the

features

stepped

remain, a

decay

before was

Wolley

Pennsylvania by

sometimes

been

grounds

belonging

manor (‘hampeneys

Farm

immediately earliest

manor a

and

the

probably

few

the

bailiff,

western

Buildings

The

Extent

house,

of

Ogjn

1800

Wilmington

be

blocked,

manor

bearing

certainly

Wells,

one

probably

with

scattered

as

medieval

and,

the

territory

the

demolition.

visible

made

farmbuildings

from

were

entrance

including

slit

gable

A-frame and,

well

was

timber mention

in

lined who

of

he

now

on

south

but

wallptate.

by

to

and

a

to

despite

of

for

end.

size

known

the

The

vents

from

had

in

a

the

modern

at

as

be

the

out

Gore-Langton

at

the

followed

the The

then

purchased

Farm

also it

concrete

end.

in

In

for

belonging

medieval.

the

the

of

the

throughout

the

into

loft.

two the

A

wall

lintel

and

worked cushions

is

north

items

medieval

been

the

brick, north-east

from

original

late

on

of

the

trusses,

can

£I0,00(),

a

Manor

18th

timber

next

farmstead

other

probable

some

There

hamlet

front,

as

owned

This

incorporated

east

to

former

a

of

Much

the

much

west

there

18th

This

Bath

building

the

consolidated

12th

Jacob

be

and

side. succeeded

surround

the

were

the

century

a

600

armorial

which

name

end

to

by

effort

has

complete

a

seen

are

lintel By ‘Lower

to

timbering

by

and

wall

of

and

parish

is

slit

pair

is

hipped

manor

Farm

the

century

apnears of Tunley

the monastery

of

detached

Between

years.

a

side

and

recovered, that

in

Park

Wallis.

of

apparently Wilmington

said

resulted however

an

portable 1970

the

William

the

vents

extends

blocked

‘Wilmington

manor.

to

northwest

a

19th

Newton

of

and

is

in

the

date,

inserted

of

two

a

shield

single

they

road

the

a

into

south

the substantial Field’.

by

to

was

Farm

farmwork

Initially

survey

roof

reorganisation

the

wall,

this

blocked

when

Farm.

block.

was

to

century

and

could

yards,

James

this kitchen

have

preserve

aligned

wall

in

on

had

two

In to

steam

the

farmstead.

from divided

be

of

up

St.Loe.

projecting building

wall

it

occupies

Gore-Langton

surviving

and

a

not the

entry

and

At

the

the

doorway

1792

the

there

the

of

does

an

pedestrian

above

giving

The

already

in peripheral

been

Park

neighbouring

the

be

a

tirnber-lintelled

that

about

Wiltshire.

maps,

Manor

blocking

south.

accessible

the

Pennsylvania Champeneys

at and

gatepiers

engine

now small

a

the

ownership

roughly

inserted

Duchy

it,

observed.

demesne

with

it

broad

into

few

the

not was

By

destroyed

Farm

time

was

may

was

land

north seems

the

a

access

On

of

takes

a

and

four-gable

been

from

rear

Saxon

although

1840

one

appear

remaining

crtain1

an

sliding

Farm’

metre

stationed

the

of

totally

old

door

structures

occupied

low

the

indicate

the

east-west

was

up

feature

of

the

then

wall.

Cornwall In

of

lying

Eastfield’

lands

to

from

old

farmed

place of

this

back

was

the

There

yard

north

mid-

lands

of

Park

entry

site

the

at

1840

end

family

undertaken

is

above have

to

doors

by

Farm

rebuilt

Newton

tenures

belonged

the

There

rectangular

north

the

process

the

encountered

some

passed,

immediately

have

of

and

house

onto

an

the

is

18th

outside

finial.

that

wall

fields

in

a

side

by

of

Farm

of

with

is

it

with

original out

eastern

reached

Wilmington

obscured

gale

small

earlier,

and

directly

a

ground

were

part

who

outside. a

the

Thomas

some was

and

century

side,

in

the been form

are

large

would of

of

shallow

and

which

for

a

was

on

gable

the under

The

hacienda

Park

and

Manor

in

the

the of

the

sliding

to

road. being eight

Westfield’,

were

yard

two

once

importance

end. many

the

the

and

taller

of

window surveyed

recent

the

date

opposed

to

an

new complete.

opposite

George

shed

small

barn.

in

by

Pennsylvania

on

roof,

permit

character

The

retains

Richmond

manorial

copings

inserted

from

the the

enlargement

eastern

This

is advanced

former

cart

to

years

Near three

part

Farm

were

1608.

run

a

the

door

1951

entry

complex

years

now

style.

is

large

remain

same

The

Bishop

only

times,

yard

consisting

a

porch

north

by

at

arrangement

of

Sir

central

Taylor,

some

belt-driven

the

or

and

tall

managed of

would

later.

high

inserted

In

which

before

farmhouse

first

somewhat

so

resting

side

windows,

east

before

forming

Benjamin

Although

the

residence,

is

concrete

external

distance

recorded

the

western

Hill,

Thomas

1792

narrow

similar

state

that

and

lords

a

side

of

with

Tudor

which

on

of

floor latter, There

of

large

watt

Farm

four

cart have

Bath

still

the

and

but

its

the

the

no on

the

the

of

the

at

of

by

of

of

a a level which presumably served as a loft opening. Internally the Whole ol the western end beyond the cart entries has an inserted loft supported on three pairs of brick piers set against the side-walls, below which parts of the barn have been partitioned off with breeze-block walls. A door in the soh corner gtves access into a calf-house abutting the west end of the south wall which is aligned at right angles t the barn, forming a small yard facing the concrete shed. This building as hipped at the southern end and has two segment a! arched openings of roughly shaped voussoirs in the east front. There may have been a third arch at the south end, now occupied by a new entry extending up to the eaves. Inside, a breeze block partition between the openings may perpetuate an canter stall division, suggestrng an original function as a cow house, perhaps with a feeding passage at the back accessed b’ the doorway, now blocked, in the south wall. The west wall backs directly against the east ‘aall of an adjoining pighouse which shares the same alignment but faces west onto the main yard. The roof here is hipped at both ends, and there are three evenly spaced segmental-arched openings with high quality freestone voussoirs in the west front. The north wall is featureless, but there is a blocked door in the south wall which suggests that this building, like its neighbour, was originally designed as a cow-house with rear feed-passage. Both buildings appear on maps between 1840-84.

The south side of the yard is made up of five buildings all abutting onto each other, the most easterly being a small square building aligned east-west with a roof hipped at the east end. It faces east, where there is a door to eaves height to the left, and a window to the right, with another window splayed internally in the south wall. The north wall is featureless and there are no internal fittings to suggest its original purpose. The adjoining building to the west has the same alignment and faces north onto the yard, its roof being hipped at both ends. The north elevation is symmetrical, with a central square-headed doorway flanked by two square two- light ovolo-moulded stone mullioned windows, all framed in high quality freestone block dressing. Immediately above the door is an entry into a hayloft which suggests that, although this building is now used to house pigs, it may have originated as a stable for hackneys or riding-horses. In front of the building is a curious iron water-trough said to be part of the boiler of a stationary farm steam engine. There is a central doorway in the south wall and a blocked interconnecting door through the west wall into the southern part of the adjoining building. The latter is aligned north-south and projects northward into the yard with its front facing east. The roof is hipped at the south end and gabled at the north, and there is a loft-opening in the north wall which is otherwise featureless except for a concrete ramp which climbs from the east but does not reach the level of the opening. The east front has a flat-headed doorway on the right framed in plain-chamfered freestone blocks, and on the left a rectangular chamfered two-light window with a missing central mullion. There is a window in the middle of the south wall, but no internal fittings except for a small recess in the north wall. The building is now used as a calf-house, but may have originated as a stable for working horses. The adjoining building has the same alignment and projects even further into the farmyard, its roof being hipped at both ends. It appears to have been originally built as an extremely deep (c. l5rn) cartshed, the north end consisting almost entirely of a large timber-lintelled cart entry which extends up to the wall plate level, with the remaining walls being featureless except for a doorway at the south end of the west wall into the adjoining building. The latter, aligned alongside the cartshed at the western extremity of this range of buildings, also appears to have been built as a cart or implement shed. It has a lean-to roof continuing the western slope of the roof of its neighbour, and is completely open at the north end. The south wall is featureless, but there is a wide cart entry at the south end ot the we t wall reaching up to full wall height This wall appears to hive presiously been the original boundary of the farrnstead, and projects forward at the north end, curving westward to the site of a gate which gave access to the road. The oldest building in this range is the long cartshed which, with the small building at the eastern end, can he identified on the 1840 tithemap. Although the architectural details on the to stable-type buildings could he of 17th or i8th century date, the buildings themselves, together ‘ajib the lean to shed, do not appear on iuJpSL1rtil 1884.

“o,.n 10:2 tr’n rtw s[er tTr’ trt_—I—i ran’e ol he}i : east

doors, towards and faces ann segmental

water tithemap, narrow the building century. .31 .30 34 32 36 Hcdgcnumbcr 38 35 39 40 37 45 42 44 48 46 47 49

52 53 a.; 60 61 62 55 Sc, 54

va

123 124 125

128 126 129 12’

130

cit

Hedee

Woodland

local

there

there

west

onto

ofa

resenoirs.

with

door

the

is

collieries

with

is is but

Survey

arched

two

a

a

a entrance.

little

Dutch en’

midway

the further

pedestrian

a

or

Ikailugial

shorter In

This present

of

openinas

ii

Grades

three

cod

common

barn

from

interest

two

in

Both

Ii 13 type II II II Ii ii i3(N8I’) II Ii .% 13(NSP3 II .‘ II Ii I3(NSI II 13 Ii fl(I..S.SI’) 13 II II 13 I; II 13(11 13 H

‘t

arm

nJ

Grade small

the

entry behind

(i..SSP) (I..SSI’)

building

a

arches

.

hich

of ranges

into

north

projecting

in

with

tile

on

concreted boiler

the

i’

which Spaics(bum

these

the

in

the

was the

wall.

are

‘tat interior.

the

,(

yards.

is right

7 6 6 3 6 6 5 5

8 5 S 5 6 6 6 5 2 4 6 5 S 4 6 2 3 5 4 6 2 S 2 3 re

I

3

I

were

certainly

hipped

are

from

east

a

The

eh’l

foldyaids.

product

side

two of

inside

A

front t

no

the

remaining

the

t’st

building at

45

egg-ended

and

doubt

e

.1

in

western

both

parish.

of

of of

existence

oe,a

a

Archaeological

The

the

which

the

vehicular

ends

salvaged, £

of

walls

short

rnid-l9th

end

south Wil,ninatc”n

r’. ndi

wrought-iron

similar

on

are

4

2

2 2 2

2

2 I by I 2 I 2 i

I 2 2 2 I 2 2 at 2 2 I I 2 I I I I

I I I I I I I

of

arm.

A-frame

entry

the front

a

grade

edtysuc’sfiel

1884.

apparently

the

1

somewhat

shape

century. i

remains

In

short

of

on

ma’

On

thc

trusses,

the

boilers

the

is

the

east

arm

shown

have

commonly

of

long

obtuse

left,

at

it

north

.

(heidi

wooden

end

the are

which

tim

and

with re’aiqe.l

arm

I

on

3

featureless.

turn

of angle

II II II side II

II

II II

I I II I II II II

Grade

the

the

a

has

the

serve

iJ

used

‘r(

sliding

further

of

of

whole

back

1840

long

some

four

this this

as

sat in WILMINGTON WOOD or COPSE (Grade IV, 4 indicator species) Has beet much replanted in recent times with conifer and sycamore, but is clearly shown on Thorpe’s 1742 map of the district. The map also shows a ‘Millway’ running along the ledge inside the southern edge of the wood which can still be traced today. It joined Priston Mill with the Stanton Prior footpath and is still shown on the 1840 tithe map as the property of Mill Farm, although it but may have become redundant by that time. In 1792 the wood is listed as in hand’ and about 42 acres in extent, much the same as now, but the early maps suggest that its eastern ‘tail’ was then a recent addition.

STANDARD OAKS. The number of standard oaks in Wilmington is higher than anywhere else in the parish. They are mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the valleys to the north east, and appear to be the result of deliberate plantation by past owners, although there is no obvious indication of any decorative or landscaping purpose. çeolo ical Sites and Features NORTHERN PARISH BOUNDARY (Grade I) The boundary along the Bath to Marksbury road is described in several Saxon charters for Priston and Stanton Prior between

934-65 AD as beginning ‘at the west end of Wynma dune jWilmington Down I to the ‘herepath’ Imain road], then eastward along the road, straight to Aelfsige’s stone, Then from the stone down to the old Eden ford’. This road is thought to have already existed as an old trackway in prehistoric times and John Strachey, a local 18th century antiquarian, was able to trace its course from the Mendip hills to Bath, which he saw as a route for the transportation of lead. The species count in the roadside hedges is relatively low, which suggests that it was not enclosed until quite recent times. ‘Aelfsige’s stone’ seems to have disappeared, but possibly stood where the boundary now leaves the road to Newton St.Loe at East Field. Various 18th century maps confirm that the original road ran from this point along the boundary hedge of East Field and Wilmington Field to continue on down the present road past Pennsylvania Farm, crossing the brook at Park Bridge on its way to Bath. Park Bridge may have been the site of the ‘old Eden ford’ (Eden then being the name of Newton brook), but the present boundary leaves the road at Black Hedge to drop down to the junction of Newton brook and Wilmington brook, perhaps as a result of some later alteration to the original boundary.

WILMINGTON-PRISTON MANOR BOUNDARY (Grade I) The boundary between the two manors was presumably established when they were separated not long before Domesday, although the line of megalithic stones (mentioned below) along the top of Wilmington Copse may suggest some earlier partition. The kinks in the hedgerows below ‘Eleven Acres, together with traces of old banks detected on air photos, suggest that this boundary divided an area of cultivation previously shared. In the 18th century the names ‘Nettle Hill’, ‘Rudge’ and ‘Bulford Meat!’ occur on both sides of the boundary, perhaps indicating a similar separation.

MEGALITHS (Grade I) There is a rough ‘field wall’ or stone bank running from the Stanton Prior footpath along the top of South Cleaves, continuing along the southern edge of Wilmington Copse. This in itself is an unusual feature in this area, there being no fieldwalls in the whole parish outside the immediate vicinity of habitation. Within the Copse however, this ‘wall’ is interspersed with a considerable number of large flat stones or megaliths, set upright in the ground, the largest measuring 5ft in height and 7ft in width. Although there is some association between this wall and the abovementioned 18th century Millway, the situation of these stones along an ancient estate boundary raises the strong possibility that the stones may he markers of prehistoric origin, and have therefore been graded accordingly.

ROADS AND PATHWAYS (Grade II). Most of the roads and paths in Priston and Wilmington are of early origin, and it is significant that the roadside hedges often contain the highest number of species. Thorpe’s 1742 map of the Bath district clearly shows the footpath to Stanton Prior across Sandy Down, apparently of greater significance in the past, and e.ven includes the fieid-way which joins it from Wilmington Farm. The lane from Wilmington to Ingleshatch was evidently of some importance in 1395 when an order was made at the manor court of Priston for the repair of Bull ord bridgc I he footpath from Wilmington to Priston presumably accounts for the fieldname ‘Prest Stile’ above the Mill which is mentioned as early as the 17th cent iry

EARLY FIELD SYS1EMS (Grade Il> The spectacularearthworks in FurtherMoorand Baker’s Butts are medieval field terraces ‘lynchets’ or ‘lanchards’). I has been suggested that they were used for the cultivation of vines, but though vines were then frequently grown in the neighbourhood, these terraces were a part of the common fields of Wilmington and probably elonged to the copyholders. They have been given a high grading on account of their excellent state of preservation, as well as being an area of outstanding ecological interest.

Included in this category are the many old banks and ditches which remain in ‘East Wood’. Together with others in ‘Great Wood’, now mainly ploughed out, these earthworks may have been features associated with a warren or hunting ground granted in 1280 by the bishop of Bath and Wells to Geoffrey Champeneys in his manor of Wilmington, with the condition that the bishop could ‘hunt and fowl in the said warren’ at his pleasure. Of particular interest is a prominent bank and ditch which once enclosed a roughly semicircular area covering the two fields, and may be the remains of a woodbank. At the top end of the bank is a small earthwork enclosure or house-platform projecting from the southern boundary hedge and overlapping a hedge-junction on the Priston side. Rectangular in shape, it is about 32m in length along the hedge and 13m in width, surrounded by a ditch about 1.5m wide which joins the larger bank at its western end. More information is required to identify its purpose, but some form of hunting lodge or cabin is a possibility.

BARROWS (Grade Ill) Several barrows have been reported in Wilmington, but none of them confirmed. One was identified by Mr.Wedlake as a mound in the NW corner of Sandpits, but its exact location is uncertain. The other was recorded in 1821 by John Skinner, who noted that there was ‘the appearance of a small tumulus, 3Qft round, near the farm-house’, This too has not been located.

EARLY FIELD SYSTEM (Grade III) There is a fine series of field terraces running across South Cleaves which are less spectacular than those in Grade II above, but no less interesting and lie in unimproved grassland. Further field works can also be seen extending into North Cleaves.

BOUNDARY STONE (Grade III) The old road mentioned above which ran along the top of ‘East Field’ and ‘Wilmington Field’ on the opposite side of the parish boundary was stopped up some time between 1742-95. Its junction with the upper road was then apparently marked with a boundary stone where they merged about 70yds to the west of the present hedge junction. This point also marked the beginning of the boundary line (also thought to be a pathway of some kind) on the opposite side of the road between Stanton Prior and Newton St.Loe. Although the stone is somewhat damaged, the letters ‘N’ and (possibly) ‘L’ in Roman Capitals can be made out, presumably the representing the parish of Newton St.Loe which was evidently responsible for the closure of the road

EARLY FIELD SYSTEM (Grade IV) There are several field systems in Wilmington which have disappeared under the plough in recent tames but can still be made out on aerial photographs. There are faint traces of ridge-and-furrow covering the western end of the Down, and the remains of field terraces are can still be seen in Pitch Field and Deadlands. Until recently an extensive network of old enclosures was visible covering all the grounds below Wilmington Copse.

Slif OF HIGH P( IFN’IIAI Althno hc h k I gr d Fieldnames

Ten/Eleven ACRES (c. i8c( areas enclosed from the common field on Wilmington 1)own.

BAKER’S BUTTS c. i800 ‘irregular end-pieces of [he common field belonging to Baker (ME butte,.

BATH WAY PIECE (c.1800) ‘part of the common field next to the road to Bath’.

BEAN ACRE (c. 1800) ‘a field-strip where beans were grown’ (DL bean).

E3LACK HEDGE (c, 1800) possibilities; ‘blackthorn boundary hedge’ (OE blaec-haeg); ‘bleak scarp’ (OE blac-ccg).

BROAD MEAL) (C. 1800) ‘large square meadow’ (OE brad-rnaed).

BULFORD (MEAD) (Boleford, 1395) ‘(meadow) by Bullock Ford’ (OF bula-ford-maed),

CLEAVES (Cleeve, 1715) ‘land onasteep slope’ (OEclif).

CLOB FtJRLONG (c,1800) possibly ‘division of the common field on a hillock or lump (OE clob-furlang). Later became ‘Cup Furlong’.

COOMBES (Combes, 1518) ‘land in a narrow valley’ (OEcumb).

New CLOSE (c.1800) ‘recently enclosed from the common field’

Little CROFT (Cornecroft, 1518) ‘small close, often attached to dwellings’ (OF croft).

DEAD LANDS (Deadlands, 1701) ‘disused or worn-out arabic strips’ (OE dead-land).

Great DOWN, DOWN End, etc. (related to WyntmaeDUN, c936, later corrupted to ‘WilmingTON’) possibilities; ‘spring-in-the-meadow down’ (OE will maed-dun); ‘Wineia’s mead down’ (OE Winela-rnaed-dun).

DUSTY BEI) (c. 1800) ‘dry piece of ground Inot identified I.

EAST FIELD (Este Feld, 1518) ‘enclosed from the common East Field’

FURTHER MOOR (the Moor, 1707) ‘marshy pasture ground’ (OF inor).

GOATERS (Goathurst, 1715) ‘wooded slope where goats are kept’ (OE got-hyrst).

HARRIETAYLOR’S BOTTLE (1715 only) ‘Henry Taylor’s land containing, or near, a dwelling’ (OF hot!) Inot identified I.

HUNDRED ACRES (c.1800 ‘very small piece of land’ (in this case, I rood) inot identified

INNOX (Innok furlong. 1518’ part of the common field enclosed for cultivation while the remainder is fallow (ME inhoke).

I E( S on) Ply ‘land containin a stack-trame’ not identified Ihe k (1701 ) posd I

i 1k’ )\ I ‘Ui ons assibl iong cornet tn( UP I ian c iitiedI Mii)ULE PIL( F (c I8(X))prohahiy ‘enclosed From the middle of the common Fieli’ ()ATHIL1. iitn, LH5, hi on hch oaK erc gro LOEate-hH OXON LLAZF- c. 18(X)) pasture around for the o’cn’ 5E(( o’an-iaes

P11( H FiLl U ( Pitchfei!de, 1I5 ‘pointed part of the common field’ OF piced-f’eld

SANDP[I’S ‘Sandpiles, 1750, ‘contaimng sand pits or quarries (CE cand -p tt

SUMMER LEAZE (c 18(X)) the summer pasture ground (CE sumor-lues)

FILWELI. (1701 only) possibly ‘near a good spring’ (OEtiI welle) not identified!. lINING (‘I)neings land, 1707) ‘newly fcnced enclosure from the common field’ (OEtynang).

WELL HOUSE MEAD (Wellus Mead, 1795) ‘meadow containing a covered spring-head’ (perhaps the ‘spring-in4he-meadow’ mentioned above).

WILMINGTON FiELD (c. 1840) ‘formerly part of the common (east) field of Wilmington’

Earthwork enclosure in East Wood

,-‘;

L - IL I ‘..,‘ I :— — I

I I ‘‘ Li . r Appendix ne unidentified and redundant fleidnames in Priston; showing the dates of their occurrence found during the survey

Le BOTTOM LAN[) (1593) ‘land in the valley bottom’ or, ‘lower end of a furlong’,

BRESSLANDS HILL (1590-1634) possibly ‘hill with newly broken ground’ (MEbreehe).

BRODWELL (1616) ‘large square ground next to a spring’ (OE brad-wella).

CHAPMAN’S MEAD (1590-1730) ‘meadow belonging to Mr.Chapman’.

DIJNKERTONS HEDGE (1590) ‘by the boundary hedge of Dunkerton’,

ELM I-lAY (1606-34) ‘common pasture enclosure in which elms were grown’

EWESTRELLES (1590-1730) ‘sheepfoids’ (OEeowestre); also appears as ‘Awstrelles’.

FORTHEYS (1500) possibly; ‘headland or “island” projecting into a marsh’ (OE forth-eg).

FULLMEDEJFOLLEMEDE (1500-1624) possibilities; ‘meadow frequented by birds’ (OE fugoi-maed); ‘meadow where foals were kept’ (OEfola-maed); ‘foul meadow’ (OEful-maed).

GAYES (1730) ‘belonging to Mr.(Iaye’

GREENEHAYE (1606-1730) ‘grass enclosure’ in the Rectory grounds, (now called ‘Grinneys’). GRENEMERE (1500) ‘grassy marshland’

HALL CLOSE (1593-1622) ‘enclosure adjacent to a hail’

I-IAWLLAND (1720) ‘land in a nook’ (OE halh-land).

HENCROFT (1601-34) possibilities; ‘croft where hemp was grown’ (OE haenep-croft); ‘croft where hens were kept’ (OE henn-croft). Possibly the same as ‘Hemmcrosse’ (1500).

HERRIOT (1624-1730) ‘land on which manorial death-duty was paid’

HIGHMEERE (1730) ‘high marshy ground’

HITCHENS/HUTCHENS (1500) ‘part of the common field under plough while the rest is I’allow’ (OF heccing).

HOMEBUSHE CLOSE (1616) ‘enclosure containing holly tholrn) thickets for winter feed’ (OF holegn-busc).

LAMP CLOSE (1530-1730) an acre of land granted to support a chantry-light in Priston church under the supervision of the parishioners, but surrendered during the Reformation and sold to Hugh Sexcy in 1568. Later corrupted to ‘Lamb Close’.

LYME.PITTES 1599) ‘land on which hme or marl was dug’ (OE lam-pytt). ONORTHHELI) NEWMEDE

OAT OVERCORNECLOSE

PONTERS

QUARRLAND PRICKMEDE PRESH On

SHEETWELL SHEPHERDS

SMARHILL SMALL

SOMER SOoTH

R)WNEHED STONYACRE SPADE

WATERMANS

WITHIE WHEAT WOOI)EWAYE

RODNEY

GROUND

WOOD/PRISH

ACRE

GAINS

BROOK

LEASE

LAND LEAZE

(1500-1730)

(15(X)-1606)

(1590-1606)

(1590)

(1

(1730)

(1621) (1616)

(1730)

(1590)

(1730)

596-

(1602

(1590-1621) (1597-1622) (1730)

1730)

(1730)

(1617)

(1590-1730)

(173

1730)

possibly

‘unploughed WOOL)

‘belonging

‘corner (1616)

‘land ‘where I) ‘a

‘ground

Inear

‘part

‘unproductive

‘summer

‘adjoining

‘recently

field-strip

‘pasture

‘butter

possibly

containing

of

the

‘belonging of ‘upper ‘amble

‘reedy

oats (1566-

shaped ‘ground

a

ground

Rectory hill, to

loft

pasture

ground

headland enclosed

were

the

with

Shepherd’

‘meadow

“island” part

wood)’

1624) ground

belonging or

land’

like way

a

containing next

grown’

fat

stony

quarry’

to

of

ground’ grounds where

a

Waterman’

(-land)

towards meadow’

near

an ‘coppice

spade’or, to where

(OE

containing

soil’

enclosure (OB

South

to

wheat

the

I.

pric-maed).

Ponter’

hill’ a

willows hreodan-eg).

the

village’

spring’

wood

(towards

brook’

was

‘tilled

wood’

(near

(OE

a where

Spindle

formerly

grow’

(OE

(Welsh

(OE

smeoru-hyll).

(presumably

the

with

Redfield).

corn

tun-heafod).

Gastons).

sceat-wella).

a or

(OEwithig-land).

grown’ spade’. prysg

was

Prick-wood

grown’

Priston

+

OE

wudu).

tree

brook).

(Dog