Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 [Cover] organizing the proposed convention, partisan Diary of politics must be ignored entirely, and the James Wickersham committee was instructed to carry out this From particular injunction in good faith. The committee October 19th 1911- is instructed to make its preliminary report on May 22, 1912. Wednesday evening of next week. [No entries for October 19, 20 or 21] Diary 20, 1911 -22- Diary 20, 1911 -Octo. 22, 1911- October 22 The above news item is, of course, mostly October 22 [clipping] manufactured in the Times office, but there really is FAIRBANKS, ALASKA, OCTOBER 22, 1911. a movement of the Alaska Syndicate sympathizers ALASKA MAY UNITE in the Territory to have some kind of a “dummy” IN BIG CONVENTION convention & get it packed & have it denounce {Fairbanks Times} Pinchot, etc. & probably my efforts & then send a Proposal from the Coast That a Grand Territorial lobby under the guidance of the Big Interests to Conven- Washington this winter to oppose all our efforts in tion Be Held Soon to Determine Upon What aid of Alaska. Propo- Heilig also has a badly reported account of my sitions Alaskans Are United, and to Work speech of the 18th & a roast editorial in this copy of Together the Times. Am also informed today that Roth is to for Necessary Legislation. challenge me to a joint discussion of the Legislative CORDOVA, Oct. 21.- At a largely attended mass bill. meeting of citizens here last night, called in Diary 20, 1911 23 response to the demand on the part of various October 23 [clipping] towns in Alaska for concerted action at Washington {Fairbanks Citizen} during the coming winter, the motion was carried to {Octo 23rd} appoint a committee of seven to confer with the Roth and Wickersham to different localities in Alaska with a view to holding Debate Home Rule Bill an Alaska convention at some point on the coast in Subject of Delegate’s Bill to be Threshed Out Next the near future. The purpose of the convention will Saturday Evening~~Great Crowd Expected be to agree upon the legislation that is most to Attend the Meeting. needed in the territory, and to show congress upon Fairbanks, Alaska, what subjects Alaska is united. October 21, 1911 At the meeting, the sentiment was expressed that Editor, Alaska Citizen: local jealousy would not be allowed to stand in the Dear Sir - On the evening of the 18th inst., our way of the larger good of all Alaska. The selection delegate delivered a speech in the Eagle Hall, at of the place for holding the convention should be Fairbanks, in which he referred to me in rather a left to the majority vote of the towns themselves, slurring manner without referring to me by name. I and the delegates should be instructed by their do not know at this time the cause of his slurring communities or left free to decide what matters manner toward me, as he did not state in a clear should be brought up in the convention. The idea is manner what he thought he had against me. that resident Alaskans, instead of Outsiders, I am of the opinion, however, that his feelings should decide what is best for the development of were engendered on account of the position that I the territory. take upon the subject of home rule for Alaska. I It was the unanimous vote of the meeting that in construe the language of his “Bill to Create a Terri-

1 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 torial Legislature for Alaska and for Other at the meeting at Eagle hall on the evening of Purposes” as taking away from the legislature the Alaska day, and the acceptance of it by Mr. R.F. right to alter, amend or repeal any law that is now Roth, which is herewith printed there will be a in force in Alaska by virtue of the laws on the debate between Judge Wickersham and the latter United States establishing a civil government in in which a certain phase of the home rule bill will Alaska and extending the laws of the United States be discussed at some length. It is to be expected to Alaska. In other words, that the legislature to be that this debate will result in illuminating the subject created by his bill would not have authority to alter, so that all may understand. amend or repeal the codes of Alaska, or a single Mr. Roth in his acceptance of the challenge sets fraction thereof until it first gets the consent of for the his objection of the Wickersham home rule congress so to do. bill and asks for the privilege of opening and This is a vital question to the cit- closing the debate. He agrees that Judge Diary 20, 1911 23 Wickersham shall have the same amount of time in October 23 [clipping continued] which to defend his position as is allotted to himself izens of Alaska, and is not partisan politics in any in making his argument. sense of the word, and the only interest that I take Judge Wickersham was shown Mr. Roth’s in the matter is as a citizen of Alaska; and acceptance and the contention he makes in it, and inasmuch as the delegate in his said speech at once expressed his willingness to meet Mr. Roth issued a challenge to debate certain matters on the in debate on the subject. Therefore it has been platform with me I hereby accept his challenge, agreed that they shall meet in open debate to and agree to take the position that if his bill which the public is invited on next Saturday becomes a law the legislature created by such bill evening at 8 o’clock. will have no authority to alter, amend or repeal any It is expected that Mr. Roth will consume an hour part of any of the Alaska codes now in force in in his opening remarks, after which Judge Alaska without first obtaining the consent of Wickersham will be allowed an hour and a half in Congress so to do; I to take the affirmative and he which to present his side. Then Mr. Roth will have to take the negative of that question. another half hour in which to close the argument. My purpose in writing this public letter is, first: There is not a doubt but that considerable that I was referred to personally in public and, interest will be taken in the affair, and a large therefore, my letter should be a public letter; and attendance result. Arrangements are being made second: That I think home rule for Alaska is the for a suitable hall, the choice of which will be vital question in Alaska at this time; that I believe announced later. the people of Alaska are entitled to home rule on the American plan, without limitations, except such I have got my Ester Creek mining matters arranged limitations as are required by congress itself upon so that Patterson shall take entire charge of the all territories; and that, in my opinion if this bill litigation & then work the ground on a royalty basis becomes a law Alaska will never acquire home rule - 25% gross to me. until she is admitted as a state. Diary 20, 1911 -24th - If the delegate chooses to hold up the negative of October 24 My joint debate with Mr. R.F. Roth on Saturday the former proposition I will be pleased to arrange evening is attracting much attention and I with him at any time for such a public meeting. anticipate a big crowd & an interesting time. Roth Very truly yours, is a big roaring talker, but not popular and hot as R.F. ROTH. well acquainted with the subject of debate - to wit - Owing to the challenge of Delegate Wickersham the Legislative-Bill as I am.

2 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 Am getting my Ester Creek mining difficulty quotes the exact citations the delegate referred to, nearer a settlement with my opponents - they have and leaves to the readers to decide whether they just left my office - Patterson & I offered to lease bear out the statement of the delegate: them the 250 feet next to their present workings - Louisiana and Orleans. we to have 20% of the gross output & they & their The laws in force in said territory “shall continue laymen to have the balance -it now looks as if they in force until altered, modified or repealed by the would accept the offer. legislature.” Diary 20, 1911 -27th - Missouri. October 27-29 Am busy preparing for my joint debate tomorrow That the laws and regulations in force in the night with Mr. R. F. Roth. I intend to convince the territory of Louisiana at the commencement of this people that my legislative bill is good and sufficient act “shall continue in force until altered, modified or - while he will attempt to show that it is not – repealed by the general assembly.” Alabama. -29th - That the laws then in force “shall continue to exist My joint debate last night with Roth certainly and be in force until otherwise provided by law.” brought out a big crowd & from the applause it was Diary 20, 1911 29 apparent that my friends outnumbered his about 2 October 29 [clipping continued] to 1. - He presented his objection to my bill in a Arkansas. forceful way & gained quite strong support - it was, That all the laws of the territory of Missouri in however, a question of the construction of a statute force on July 4, 1819, “shall be and continue in and not even our shouting friends can decide it force in Arkansas until modified or repealed by the beyond appeal to the courts. The point is set out in legislative authority thereof.” the following from the Times -my memory. Florida. Diary 20, 1911 29 That the laws in force in said territory “shall October 29 [clipping] continue in force until altered, modified or repealed Less For Alaska by the legislature.” Than All Others Iowa. Citations of Authorities Quoted by the Delegate And the existing laws of the territory of Wisconsin From “shall be extended to Iowa, subject, nevertheless, Alaska Fail to Bear Out the Statement That the to be altered, modified or repealed by the governor Home Rule Bill for Alaska Is patterned After the and the legislative assembly of said territory of Territorial Bills of Former Territories. Iowa.” The Wickersham home rule bill contains the Oregon. following provision: The existing laws now in force in the territory of That all the laws of the United States Oregon under the authority of the provisional establishing a civil government in Alaska, and government established by the people thereof extending the laws of the United States thereto, “shall continue to be valid and operative therein, shall continue in full force and effect until altered, subject, nevertheless to be altered, modified or amended or repealed by or with the consent of repealed by the legislative assembly of said congress. territory of Oregon.” Delegate Wickersham declared to his audiences Minnesota. in Fairbanks that he took that language from the The laws in force in the territory of Wisconsin at territorial bills of former territories, and he gave the date of the admission of the state of Wisconsin citations to prove his statement. The Times now “shall continue in force, subject, nevertheless, to be

3 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 altered, modified or repealed by the governor and effort to aid those great interests which seek the legislative assembly of the territory of always to prevent the power of government coming Minnesota.” into the hands of the people, when urged to do so Washington. by personal pique, political strategy or in an effort Same as Oregon. to aid those great interests which seek always to Colorado. prevent the power of government coming into the (Although Colorado is referred to by the delegate hands of the people. Poor Roth is ignorant and a as authority for the wording in his bill, the act blind political partisan, who does not realize the providing for a territorial government for Colorado harm he is doing nor the value of the aid he is contained no provision continuing certain laws in giving to the President & the Republican force in the territory.) organization - with whom he is at loss. He is Wyoming. greatly pleased to have any kind of an excuse to All the general territorial laws of the territory of appear in such good company! Dakota “shall continue in force until repealed by the Diary 20, 1911 Monday 30th legislative authority of that territory.” October 30 Went out to visit the quartz mines on the Cleary Oklahoma. Creek zone. Henry Ray went with me - we got off These laws “are herby extended to and put in the little wheezy train at Gilmore station & walked, force in the territory of Oklahoma until after the via Golden, up Pedro Creek, to the Cleary divide & adjournment of the first session of the legislative to Tony Goessman’s cabin in Bedrock creek where assembly.” we stayed for the night. Frank Brandham, an old Hawaii. Montana miner, and an Alaskan miner, too, since The laws of Hawaii “shall continue in force 1887 is with Tony. They are a pair of typical subject to repeal or amendment by the legislature miners - rough - but gentle as women - brave & of Hawaii or the congress of the United States.” vigorous. Quiet men if left alone & in peace but Porto Rico. ready for a “rough & tumble” fight if their rights are That the laws and ordinances of Porto Rico now in invaded. They certainly cook good beans & bake force “shall continue in full force and effect until good sourdough bread. They gave us comfortable altered, amended or repealed by the legislative bunks & beds for night. authority herein provided for Porto Rico, or by act Diary 20, 1911 -31st – of the congress of the United States.” October 31 Today we went over our seven Quartz claims on Diary 20, 1911 29 Goessman Hill - examined stakes, lines, shafts, October 29 [clipping continued] tunnels, etc. We panned the decayed ledge matter U.S. Revised Statutes. and generally went over the property lining up the (Referring to the Territory of Washington) Certain veins with Lewis Rhodes etc. Also went through laws “shall apply to the territory of Washington and Rhodes mill, tunnels, stopes etc. He has a fine continue in force until repealed or amended by quarts mill of five stamps, bunk houses, tunnels in future legislation.” 1000 feet & a first class small mine. This afternoon I went down to Cleary City & thence The “Times” also denounces me editorially and up Wolf Creek to the quartz mine of Horton, declares that Mr. Roth defeated me – though ¾ of Dunham, Willis & Welch - the Rexall claims. the audience – or seven more thought not. It only Examined their lines, stakes, tunnels, etc. I then shows to what pass such men will go to defeat a crossed over the divide to Chatham Creek & visited bill in the interests of the people, when urged to do Ed. Jessen’s workings - tunnels etc. & thence so by personal pique, political strategy or in an down Chatham to Tony’s. A fine day & had a good

4 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 visit everywhere. dearly, is given away to another - a tragedy. Diary 20, 1911 -Nov. 1st – Diary 20, 1911 -5- November 1 Left Tony & Frank & their hospitable cabin & Henry November 5-8 Have been engaged for two days in trying the case & I walked up Cleary Hill past the Tolovana Quartz of Russell - Mathews v Vidovich - The court took it Mill & on up to the Newsboy Quartz Mill on the under advisement. divide between Cleary & Little Eldorado. This is Social. On last Sunday evening I had a the most complete mill of the three now in “swan” dinner at Mrs. Cards restaurant – invited operation & being in line it makes a brave young Mr. & Mrs. Crossley, Mr. & Mrs. McCauley, Mr. & showing in the development of quartz in the zone. Mrs. Ray, & Mifs Heid - Mrs. Crossleys sister. We We then climbed to the Top of Pedro's Dome - a had a good time - & swan as the piece de splendid view of the country for 50 or 60 miles in all resistance - that sounds good, whether it is nor not directions - down into Dome Creek to Spaulding’s - & all greatly enjoyed the huge bird which was fat, tunnels - on to 7 above placer, where I examined juicy, & tender. the property - thence to Dome City & dinner. We -8- then climbed the divide between Dome & Vault Am getting ready to go outside Monday - Have Creeks & examined Frederick’s - tunnels, shafts, settled the threatened Eva Creek litigation on my etc. & then took the Tanana Valley Ry. train for mining claim -by conceding 75 feet! A good Fairbanks. settlement since it prevents lawsuit & long delay in Diary 20, 1911 1 working. November 1 The evening News-Miner has this item: Diary 20, 1911 -Nov. 10th 1911- November 10 Deed of 1/4 Eva Creek - Pat Daly claim to [clipping] Patterson. Lease to Patterson & Contract of “THE WAY OF A Compromise & Settlement with Wagner, Wheeler, MAN AND A MAID” Wichman, Bugle & Horner - all filed for record, NORTH YAKIMA, Wash., Nov. 1.- Preparations today & the whole matter finally settled -glad of it. have been completed for the wedding tomorrow The settlement is a good one, even if on a miners ninth at The Castle, Glenside Orchards, North gamble the other fellows get the best of it. We Yakima, of Miss Nellie Mulrooney, sister of Mrs. gave them a strip 75 feet wide across the upper B.A. Charbonneau, and W. F. Thompson, editor to end of our claim -& as we think, across the pay the Fairbanks News-Miner. Only Alaskan residents streak - they think it may run with the pay – which and visitors to this city will be present at the makes a hell of a difference. ceremony. Bishop Rowe, of Alaska, was to have Settled up with Tyndall & Finn - they gave me a officiated, but he is sick in Seattle, and Rev. note due June 1, 1912 for $500, for my services Lockwood, the Episcopal minister, will conduct the and expenses arguing case in San Francisco. ceremony. At midnight the newly married couple Diary 20, 1911 -Nov. 11- will leave for Chicago, going thence to Detroit, November 11-13 Assisted in preparing contract of sale of Silver King Washington, and New York before they start back Min. Co. property situation on Michigan Creek, to Alaska. tributary of Wild Creek, Tributary of Koyukuk Riv. to R. R. Mason. Am interested in the Co - Elmer Poor Nellie! She was married to Jesse Noble as a Johnson is president. sacrifice & now given to a moral degenerate in the Nov. 12, Sunday. same spirit. Jesse Noble just received notice that Working to get all ends fixed up - Settled my affairs he must serve 3 months in jail for assaulting a man & left power of Atty. with Henry T. Ray - who will with a hammer & his divorced wife, whom he loves look after my mining affairs - Dinner with Mrs. Card

5 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 & P_ changed my room some days ago & am now Reached Paxsons at 6 p.m. to find the north bound at the Pioneer. stage in with several passengers Fairbanks bound. Nov. 13. Mifs Sallady – the young school m’am - & Mr. Left Fairbanks on stage - on wheels - this morning Lippman Simson & wife, U.G. Myers of Eagle, & at 9. a. m. Messers. Byler, Elmer & Walters on Capt. Donovan, Dep. U.S. Marshal. It was 10° stage. below zero & blowing - snowing on the last part of Diary 20, 1911 -14th - the run down the Gulkana. Paxson’s roadhouse is November 14-15 Remained last night at Munson’s. He has an filled up much better than when Debbie & I visited electric light plant & has one of the best road here in 1905 & is on the same site as Brush Camp houses on the trail. Met Dodge & Horton at where Bob Cole & -I camped - 'siwashed' - on our Martin’s Road House at lunch -they are hunting, - dog team mushed in Jany-Feb - 1904. but with no success other than to drown a horse in Diary 20, 1911 -19th - crossing the river - Salcha. November 19-21 From Paxson’s to Sourdough - 37 miles today - not -15- bad weather - about zero and snowing. We remained at Richardson last night - good road -20th – house. Beautiful morning and grand views of Came from Sourdough roadhouse to Gulkana. Alaska range across the Tanana valley - from the Mts. Drum, Wrangell & Sandford aglow with the Richardson & Shaw Creek bluffs. Reached sunrise - Wrangell throwing out big volumes of McCarty's at mouth of Big Delta for night. Only half black smoke. 20° below zero. Recd, telegram from traveling - no show & wagons slow & rough. Edmund Smith while at Paxson’s, asking me to Diary 20, 1911 -16th - come to Valdez over the trail - telegraphed from November 16-17 From McCarty’s to Donnelly’s - 37 miles over a Gulkana that I wanted to go over the Copper River rough mountain road but good weather & beautiful Ry. & would come to Valdes from Cordova scenery. Donnelly’s is on the site of the old 'Nigger -21st – Bill’ Road-house of 1904 - run then by an From Gulkana to Copper Center. Blix has just Englishman by the name of Cragie & his partner come in from Seattle. His lessee is drunk - the rent “Butch.” A hard combination & notorious for dirt & behind & things going wrong - L. L. James, miner, bad cooking. on North bound stage tonight Donnelly’s is now run by Jim Goeghegan - Dicks Diary 20, 1911 -22nd - brother -& he keeps a clean place & sets a good November 22-23 From Copper Center to Tonsina, via Willow Creek table - at $2. per table. & new trail toward Chitina. The new trail is part of -17th - the road built by Richardson last summer - it is only Reached old McDevitt roadhouse this evening - a trail -16 ft wide & merely the removal of the trees wind storm blowing - similar to one 4 years ago & brush. no graded way - no work of any kind when Debbie & I nearly lost our lives. except clearing - It's snowing & the trail is getting Diary 20, 1911 -17- better. November 17-18 Lt. Tatum & party here tonight. The roadhouse at the junction of the Tonsina & the -18th - Copper has been built by “Tonsina Jake” who has We crossed the Alaskan Range today from the old long kept the road-house on the Valdes trail at the McDevill R. H. (now the Miller) to Paxson’s, on the crossing of the Tonsina. His new place here is not Gulkana. A terrific wind storm drove us on to the yet finished - but will make a good stopping place summit, but as we rounded into wide Isabell Pass it when finished. It is in the valley & surrounded by eased & we broke trail for 10 miles through 3 feet the high Copper River terraces. of newly fallen snow. -23rd -

6 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 From Tonsina to Chitina - 15 miles over a better - arrival here and went to Seattle. The Alameda will though more mountainous road. not be here until Wednesday & will then go to Reached Chitina at noon & took a room in Valdes & Seward before returning south. Diary 20, 1911 23 -26th – November 23-24 the Hotel Chitina. From here we go to Cordova by Sunday. Dinner in evening with Jack Dalton & train - tomorrow morning. I find many friends here wife. Busy talking politics to my friends here. - and they talk strongly in my support & urge me to Terrific wind -snow & rain storm raging. be a candidate again for Delegate! Bath - much -27th – needed. Am preparing to speak tonight at the Eagles Hall. -24th - My friends have covered the town with posters & From Chitina to Cordova by Copper River & engaged the Cordova Brass Band for music - it is Northwestern Railroad. - a standard gauge - well to be made an event, and my political opponents, built - well equipped railroad. Snowing - the snow expecting arraignment, are determined to stay at plow came out to clear the track for us - met us at home & not give me the satisfaction of their Mile 55 - we passed & went on down. The scenery presence. at Woods Canyon - Taral Indian village is grand, Diary 20, 1911 27 but generally there are less difficulties in November 27 Nov. 27, 1911 constructing than I expected. Abercrombie The “Alaskan” gives me the following roast the canyon, Miles & Childs glaciers are grand -the road morning after I left Fairbanks - is a scenic study - especially in a raging snow storm. Childs glacier is encroaching on the railroad [clipping] - & may some day give much trouble. The whole is Cordova Daily Alaskan, Diary 20, 1911 24 {Tuesday Nov. 14, 1911} November 24-25 an expensive piece of waste - which could have ALASKA'S NOTED been prevented by building from Valdes. When I STATESMAN SOON stepped off the train at Cordova I was met by a TO BE WITH US crowd of my enthusiastic friends who welcomed By Will A. Steel me to Cordova - it was a good welcome. Went to Beat the drums, sound the cymbals, and sing the “Windsor” – kept by “Big Mike” Sullivan & his hallelujahs, for lo, out of the valley of the Tanana partner. will come today the great prophet and pooh-bah. -25th - The Right Honorable James Wickersham, minister Have been asked to speak Monday evening & explenipotentiary who deigns to represent his consented. Have also received telegram from D.A. humble minions of the wilds of Alaska at the great McKenzie, from Seattle, asking me if I would court of political jurisprudence in the capitol city of address meeting there & when I would arrive. Washington, will take up his line of mush over his Answered that I would come on the “Alameda” & own beloved land, to push on until he reaches the would talk if invited. Find I have many friends here very citadel of his political enemies. With the & they, too, urge me to run again. I do not commit courage of a warrior bold, the marvelous seer and myself on that point for I do not intend to run - but wordy Goliath of this northland will traverse the think it will weaken my efforts in Washington to despites thorny paths that lead him into that admit it. thriving little city of enterprise, Chitina, where the Diary 20, 1911 25 rails of the monstrous railroad constructors, November 25-27 My traveling companions from Fairbanks caught Morgan-Guggenheims, will convey him to the sea the Str. “Northwestern” within two hours of our coast.

7 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 As the triumphal march of Alaska’s one and only terminate the reign of a selfish egotist and change daring the blight of Wickersham into a dawn of peace Diary 20, 1911 27 contentment and plenty. November 27 [clipping continued] fighter progresses, road house occupants and The above is the way the Cordova paper received birds of the air will be afforded the exquisite plea- me - it is the spirit I had to meet when I go to speak sure of listening to impassioned words from the lips tonight in their town. WOW! of the exalted statesman, as he loquaciously Diary 20, 1911 -28th - explains what he didn't do and what he prevented November 28 [clipping continued] from doing at the seat of government. The great HARMONY monarch of all Alaska may even condescend to The public meeting last night to hear an address by linger a few hours in the little village of Cordova, Hon. James Wickersham, delegate to Congress, where the residents had the temerity to raise a few was largely attended. Dr. Chase presided and thousand dollars to assist in building the trail from introduced the speaker. He talked for over an hour Chitina to Willow creek, after the fighting statesman and a half, and from many things he said gave had wired them to “go to.” expression to the following: We hail the coming of the big chief. Greetings he I come to talk to you tonight as a representative shall certainly have and there are many who will of the people of Alaska and not as a politician. I gladly turn their other cheek, so that the Lord High come to talk to you as a friend and not as an executioner may again smite his loyal subjects as enemy. I come to talk to each one about his own an evidence of his displeasure insofar as they business, to railroad people, to merchants, to city continue to breathe in a community upon which folk and to rough necks alike. Each is in the has been placed the royal ban. The ensuing few territory of Alaska to better their conditions. Each days will be fraught with much impatience and is interested in this great question which now joyful anticipation by the most entire populate of threatens the development of Alaska. the Copper river country. They deeply sympathize “For more than three years the development of with the brethren of Fairbanks who are compelled Alaska has been threatened. In the last three to sustain the temporary loss of their hallowed years we do know it has been going backwards. hero. But this section of his domain is certainly We want coal in Alaska and opportunities given to entitled to garner a few pearls of wordy bauble that every man to go into mining, fishing, logging, may fall from the lips of the iron master as he railroads. Into any line of pursuit to make a marches on to war in the far east. success. How many men have grown rich out of Due announcement will be made of the particular the development of Alaska? You can count them hour of coming of Alaska's defender. In the on the fingers of one hand. This is the reason why meantime the town should be gaily decorated and people have not built cities. The reason now elaborate preparations made for a monster barring us from success. I am not on the platform reception and public meeting in honor of that to abue the big interests as the big interests are eminent politician and perennial candidate, the suffering alike. I think the time has come when we distinguished fighter James Wickersham. For is he have been driven to that point where all must stand not now on his way to again administer a severe together and work as a unit. rebuke to those men of small caliber who occupy “You are interested in Cordova particularly in the seats in Congress and dare presume to consider matter of coal. You had a tea party at the wharf legislation that might result in the development and which demonstrated to the world that you were prosperity of Alaska, and if enacted into law would interested in the matter. You are interested in the

8 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 opening of the Katalla coal fields. If life is not against it. But a good leasing bill is better than we developed your stores will be closed. You will be have had heretofore. But in my judgment a leasing obliged to move your families to a region where bill is going to hurt you. The government railroad development can go forward. You may not from Seward is not going to have any litigation to approve of the big interests but the time has come prevent its being built. Fisher believes in a railroad to unite to endeavor to secure for you the and leasing system at Katalla. The situation her is development of this particular region. between the devil and the deep sea. Seward looks “I do not mean to criticize Mr. Fisher’s policy. I forward to im- [from first page] mediate government know him to be a brave high-minded gentleman. A aid, and thinks the leasing bill will pass. I could not man of courage and who believes the leasing defeat it if I tried. Pinchot and the administration system is the proper thing for Alaska. Pinchot is a are agreed upon that one proposition. The House good man and desires to benefit the territory. Committee on public lands has already reported a Poindexter is the same, but I do not agree with bill withdrawing all coal lands from sale. Land will these three gentlemen in their efforts to put the be reserved to United States and let on a leasing leasing system of coal lands upon the people of system. Not more than 160 acres to any one this territory. In my judgment the leasing system person or corporation, with royalty of not less than will ruin Cordova. If it will have that effect it ought three cents per ton of coal. If the Katalla fields can to engage the most earnest attention. If it will be freed from the claims against it all might be well. result in the arrest of development it out to escape Possibly claims could be abandoned or sold to the the attention of every man. There should be no company getting the lease. politics, no party feeling of any kind. “I am friendly to your railroad when it does right, “Mr. Fisher had before him and examined the 33 but won't be friendly when they do wrong. I am Cunningham claims and declared that there was attorney for the people of Alaska. If the fraud. He made an order setting aside the sale government gives title of the coal lands to you, you and the land reverted to the government. 235 could do nothing with it, you would have to have a more claims are to be examined and may be railroad. The general manager of the railroad declared forfeit. Claims would not be leased would stand on the end of the car and say “Our Diary 20, 1911 28 rate is so much.' And the question of rate and November 28 [clipping continued] transportation controls your coal. We are up by anyone in the meantime as there was litigation. against the question of transportation in this What will you do during these years at Cordova? country. I am as much interested in having good “Mr. Fisher proposes to go a little further. He transportation as you are, but I want it under proposes in good faith to build a railroad from control. Our roads always have been and always Seward to the Matanuska coal fields and extend it will be party to the government. For their great to the great navigable rivers of the interior. I will services to the people they have high powers of support it. The time has come to lay aside eminent domain, etc., to enable them to perform principle and build railroads to develop the country. their duties and should always be under control. In principle I am apposed to the government “The courts have now decided that Alaska is a owning and operating mines and railroads. It is territory and writ of mandamus has been sent the socialistic in idea and this kind of paternalism Interstate Commerce Commission compelling them should not be inaugurated in Alaska. But if it is the to take action and use it in Alaska. Within two desire to have such a bill I will not oppose it. years the Interstate Commerce Commission will “In principle I am not in favor of the leasing bill. If control rates. they put up a fair leasing bill I shall not work Diary 20, 1911 28

9 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 November 28 [clipping continued] to the wharf the people would meet them with a “I have been asked what I would do in the coal brass band instead of cursing them. They are an case. If Congress concludes it will pass a leasing awful good railroad, but awful poor politicians. I bill, then amend the bill in accordance with hope we can all stand together and work together President Taft's message. Each lease to be for the common good of this territory”. offered to competitive bidders and sold to the highest of these bidders. Extend Interstate While the foregoing is a badly reported synopsis of Commerce Commission laws and control rates of my speech it is the fairest I have ever received transportation. Control monopolies and excessive from them. The following is their editorial on the selling price in Alaska. Charge a graduated speech & is surprising to me. royalty according to price of coal. Pay all money from royalties into an Alaska coal fund, to be used clipping] for the development of Alaska. CORDOVA, ALASKA, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 28, “In conclusion. We have a good judicial system 1911 for the territory, but we lack a legislative body, LETS “GET TOGETHER” IS THE SLOGAN. except city councils. No other territory was ever At the public meeting last night Judge Wickersham, created before it was given an elective territorial delegate to Congress was thoroughly imbued with legislature. I brought a bill before Congress to give the “get together” spirit of the day. He stared out us an elective territorial legislature. Someone told with the declaration that the time had arrived when President Taft beforehand that Alaska was not all forces should unite in an harmonious effort to competent to make laws, and so a bill was achieve results. And he ended in an appeal to his provided for appointment of nine members to make friends to join, him in the endeavor to bring about laws for Alaska, but the bill did not pass and never the desired attainment. He expressed a will pass. Instead I confidently expect my bill, with willingness and an invitation that the Alaska amendments to be enacted into law at the coming Syndicate and their friends should be good and session of Congress. enter the camp of the hitherto hostile forces, and “Let’s let the Guggenheims come in with us if they he expressed the desire that he and his followers will be good. We are getting pretty well in the might be greeted as friends and reasoned with, same boat. They have $20,000,000 invested in the with the result that all discordant elements might railroad. It is certainly a fine railroad. It reaches thrash out their differences in a spirit of way up into the mining country. I want to see it friendliness, with the one common end in view. He extended to Fairbanks. I want the railroad stated that the time had arrived when personal developed. From what I saw I am ready to quit opinions must give way to the natural trend of the fighting if they will quit and do right and all get combined forces that were uniting upon certain together and counsel one with the other and do all demands for Alaska. we can to get the coal situation settled and the Diary 20, 1911 28 territory developed. They ought. They have November 28 [clipping continued] $20,000,000 invested in the railroad, the Alaska He recognized that the coal question was at Steamship company and immense investments. present the one vital consideration that involved But not enough revenues to pay for the oil used in Cordova and Southwestern Alaska. He believed running the road. The Alaska Syndicate has spent that the sentiment was crystallizing throughout the an immense amount of money and ought to want country in favor of a leasing bill for this territory. the people to stand by them. They ought to so He had opposed such a measure before and in conduct their business that whenever a boat gets principle believed it to be wrong, but if a

10 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 reasonable bill be presented and it would seem they had some employees who where mighty poor that nothing better could be secured, he would not politicians. The judge pointed out the great oppose it. On this question he differed from his necessity for transportation. It is a vital force in the friends Fisher, Poindexter and Pinchot, and by development of the territory. He went at some inference agreed with the views of the length into the leasing of the seal rookeries which Guggenheims, whom he said were opposed to a resulted in the taking of $50,000,000 furs from our leasing measure. Neither did he have much faith seas, and the canning industry that has extracted in the government paternal ownership and $150,000,000 from the salmon streams. He also operation of railroads and coal mines. It was went into a brief discussion of other matters with a contrary to all his ideas of progression and political flavor. individual effort, and yet if that feature with While the Daily Alaskan has not agreed with the reference to a limited part of Alaska is to be delegate in the past, and is not in accord with some advocated by the administration, and seems likely of his present views, yet we are heartily agreed to meet with the favor of Congress, he would not with him in the “get together” enter any vigorous protest. Diary 20, 1911 -28th – He believes that Alaska in addition to its present November 28-29 [clipping continued] executive and splendid judiciary system should sentiment, and have no present criticism to make have an elective legislature, so that local legislation of any part of an address that seemingly was might be enacted and such abuses as the uttered in a spirit of conciliation, there will always unlimited power of attorney location of claims be be differences of opinion in regard to Alaskan abolished. He had introduced a bill that had been affairs, but if all bitterness can be obliterated and favorably reported by committee, with a few one is willing to accord to the other a reasonable amendments, and he believed that it would be degree of honesty and sincerity of purpose, Alaska enacted into law at the present session of and all Alaskans would be the gainer. We have Congress. And he furthermore thought that the heard and read many of the speeches of Judge Alaska Syndicate and all their friends should assist Wickersham. but we have no hesitancy that in our in the passage of such a measure. The delegate judgment his effort last night was the best political pointed out that in all probability Alaska would soon speech he has ever uttered. come under the jurisdiction of the Interstate It was well tempered, without vindictiveness, with Commerce Commission, and thus the railroads, if no apparent attempt to destroy, but rather put forth they had any inclination to ask exhorbitant freight in a spirit of harmony, with a desire to forgive and rates be prevented from so doing. He paid tribute be forgiven, and to cement a spirit of aggressive to the courage that caused the construction of the activity upon a mutual understanding to obliterate $20,000,000 railroad by the Copper River & personalities and unite for the accomplishment of Northwestern railway, and hoped to see it those things that are for the good of the territory extended to his home town of Fairbanks. and tend to the happiness and prosperity of her And he further expressed the hope that head people. officials and subordinates would give due If Judge Wickersham be sincere in his present consideration to the rights of the people of this professions and shall continue in spreading this section and thus aid in the upbuilding and further gospel of good will and good fellowship in the development of this rich country, and to secure the various localities of Alaska and on to Washington, good will of the people generally by treating them and if political friends and foes of the present shall with fairness. And he further intimated very honestly strive to unite all differences in the one big strongly that while they were good railroad men aim of securing desired results for Alaska we would

11 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 all be a much happier and more prosperous continued on the boat to Seward. people. He took advantage of the stop here to address a WILL A. STEEL. large audience which assembled in the district court room during the noon hour, and for My friends here are very much pleased at the somewhat more than an hour outlined his views of effect of my speech and I hope it may lead to good the legislation needed for the development of the results. territory. -29th – Going back into the early history he drew a The “Eagles” invited me to visit their lodge tonight. parallel between what was then and appears to be The Brass Band played on the street & then in the at present one idea of development, and what his Hall till midnight. I was invited to preside & did do - ideas are. He declared the development which story for story with consisted of robbing the territory of its natural Diary 20, 1911 29 resources and with the proceeds building palaces November 29- the speakers & story tellers until the meeting broke in San Francisco, New York or Russia, did not December 1 up. correspond with his views, which aimed at a The stories got rather “bad” towards the close, but - development of the country by the enrichment of it was the usual “stag” party & was greatly enjoyed the people of that country; the building of homes, by all present. It was a pleasure to me for it was the raising of families, the building of churches and an expression of good will from a majority of schools, and the promotion of those comforts of life Cordovans that I hardly expected. which made for the betterment of the people. -30th – The delegate told of his fight to extend the The Alameda came in at noon & I took passage on jurisdiction of the Interstate Commerce her for a visit to Valdes & Seward. Have several Commission to Alaska, and enumerated the telegrams from each place asking me to come- we victories which had accrued through the struggle, spent the night at various points & will reach declaring that the final decision from the supreme Valdes in the morning. court would soon be made, and predicting that it -December 1st- would be a favorable one. He quoted from the Reached Valdes at 11 oclock forenoon. My friends tariff sheets of the Copper Siver and Northwestern issued a call for a meeting in the court room at Railroad Company, showing the enormous prices 12:30, & the following is the Prospector’s account charged for the transportation of commodities, as of the meeting illustrating the necessity for action by the Diary 20, 1911 -December 1st 1911- commission. December 1 [clipping] Regarding the coal question, he said no doubt a DELEGATE TALKS leasing bill of some sort would be enacted at the TO LARGE CROWD coming session of congress, and while he was Gives His Views Regarding De- opposed to the leasing of the coal lands on velopment of Territory in principle, nevertheless it was necessary that some District Court Room action should be taken at once to open the coal, {Valdes Prospector, and he would not oppose the leasing bill, but work Dec. 1, 1911.} to secure as favorable a bill as possible. If defects Delegate James Wickersham arrived on the were found in the bill they could be remedied later. Alameda from Cordova this morning and owing to He said he had been in favor of the government the necessity of his being in Washington as soon owned and operated railroad to the coal fields, as it as possible he could not remain over, but would give the government full control over the

12 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 transportation of a commodity of prime importance [clipping] to the development of the country, and favored BARNETTE HELD Seward because it had been announced by FOR EXTRADITION Secretary Fisher at the American Mining Congress Hearing Will be Held in Los An- that he would favor a road from that point. Since geles December 27 — Bonds his arrival here, however, he had been approached Fixed at $300,000 by a number of prominent business men of Valdez, Los Angeles, Dec. 1.— Capt. Barnette, of who had placed before him the project of building Fairbanks, Alaska, who was indicted there for the government road from this place. He declared embezzlement in connection with the failure of the he had always had a warm spot in his heart for Washington-Alaska Bank of that city, was arrested Valdez and would do all in his power to promote its here on a telegraphic warrant from the north. interests. He therefore recommended that there be He was given a preliminary hearing and was prepared a statement of the advantages to be de- released under bonds of $300,000 to appear rived from building the road from Valdez, and he December 27, when a hearing for the extradition of would see that it was presented in the best the accused will be held. possible light, of if the people desired to send a man to Washington to further their cause he would So Barnette is on the road to the pen again. He render every assistance in his power, and see that was “sent” up from Oregon years ago for larceny - a hearing see Oregon Reports. Diary 20, 1911 -1- We left Valdes on the conclusion of my speech & December 1 [clipping] will be in Seward in the morning. Snowing - was granted him by the committee. learned but little about Valdes mines. During the address the delegate made a Diary 20, 1911 Dec 2. statement which came as a surprise to most of his December 2-6 We reached Seward at 4 p.m. & left at 7 - so saw hearers. He announced that he might not again be but few people & they too sleepy to talk - I am just a candidate for delegate, but advised his hearers as well satisfied not to talk there - since they & that if such should be the case to elect a man who Valdes will probably lock horns over the Govt. Ry - could fight, for by no other means could the which both will want. On road back we landed at interests of the territory be furthered. La Touche. Saw Dr. Daggett & talked politics. After the address a number remained to Dec 3rd personally meet the delegate, who stated that he Back in Cordova - we stopped in Valdes last night would be pleased to give to those who desired to an hour - nothing. We took on a few more make any requests or suggestions such time as passengers & will go to sea at 8 a.m. - went. Sea remained to him. sick as usual. Mr. Wickersham continued on the Alameda to -4th – 5th – 6th - Seward, where he will remain while the steamer The old Alameda has no load - no ballast & rolls unloads her cargo at that port, and if opportunity like -a log. I am seasick. Tonight we are in De offers will also speak to the people. He will return Fuca straits & calm water - Seattle at 2 a.m. on the steamer and go at once to Seattle, and form Diary 20, 1911 -7th - thence to Washington. December 7 Reached here at 3 a.m. this morning. Rainier- Grand Hotel. Sent telegram to Darrell that I had Had big crowd & greatly enjoyed meeting the arrived - Am asked to speak Saturday night at people of Valdes again. Coliseum under auspices of the Square Deal Club - Seattle is divided into hostile camps over their

13 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 “jobs” to control Alaska, and they have already at Meeting in Coliseum. raised $50,000 lobby fund (of which the Guggen- James Wickersham, delegate in congress from heim interests have put up $20,000) to keep Ex Alaska, will speak on “The Needs of the North,” Senator John L. Wilson & others in Washington under the auspices of the Alaska Square Deal this winter to control Alaska legislation. Really it League, at the Coliseum at 8 o’clock this evening. has two aspects. 1st politically to help Taft a 2nd to Mayor Dilling will preside. Dr. M. A. Matthews get Seattle control over the San Francisco and Prof. E.S. Meany will also speak. appropriations for Alaska exhibits. If I am The list of vice presidents includes the following consulted -0.K. - if not, oh hell! named: Diary 20, 1911 -8th - F.W. Baker, E.C. Hughes, Will H. Parry, Senator December 8 Alaska matters in Seattle are in a mixed up mess. John L. Wilson, C.J. France, President Thomas F. There are four or five factions fighting each other Kane, of the University of Washington; Frank B. with a view of securing each for itself alone the Cooper, Dr. M.A. Matthews, C.G. Heifner, W.W. power to suggest and control Alaska legislation Chapin, O.D. Fisher, Edmond S. Meany, Erastus and appropriations. It is determined by the heavy Brainerd, O.D. Colvin, John L. Hall, C.P. Dose, ones that I am to be stopped and told to sit down H.S. Emerson, W.I. Ewart, C.W. Corliss, George E. and let those more capable handle the situation! I Sylvester, J.P. Hartman, W. P. Trimble, R.G. am really having to “sit -on my safety valve to Westerman, G.W. Fisher, John C. Gaffney, M.D. prevent from exploding - but I am determined to do Leehey, Clay Allen, C. Allen Dale, J.M. Hawthorne, it & thus put the burden on them. Neither paper Jacob Schaefer, Pliny l. Allen, R.S. Terhune, will even mention my name in the passenger list as Lester Turner, J.C. Biegert, Capt. W.R. Ballard, having arrived in town! My friends are making a Richard Saxe Jones, G.O. Guy, Wilmon Tucker, final effort today to bring the opposition to terms & Julius Shafer, E.G. Shorrock, Dr. Sydney Strong, force them to join in a fair recognition of my rights F.A. MacDonald, George H. Walker, Charles R. as Alaska representative. Case, George E. Baldwin and George M. Sinclair. Diary 20, 1911 -9th – Diary 20, 1911 9 December 9 My friends have won out and the P.-I. this morning December 9-10 Have just received a telegram from Debbie from St. gives the following notice of tonight’s meeting. Mr. Louis -she is well. Also a telegram from “J. W. John L. Wilson, who has opposed me most unfairly Bennett, St. Paul, Minn, asking me to tell the story in the P-I & those of my local opponents who have of Alaska, etc. to the Progressives there on Dec. aided him have agreed to join hands & to aid me in 21 & in Minneapolis on 22nd. I think I shall accept. Alaskan legislation - to recognize that I am the Have also been asked to address the scholars of representative of Alaska. Whatever may happen at the public schools on Monday morning - Many the meeting this makes the matter formally a Alaskans in to see me every hour. success. I intend to do my share by continuing the -10th – spirit of my Cordova address & hope thus to secure My meeting last night was a very big one and much united support for the passage of my Legislative more of a success than I had any reason to expect Bill. - Ex Senator John L. Wilson met me at the door & shook hands - & then went away - that fairly [clipping] exhibits the feeling of the P-I. Ballinger crowd - but DELEGATE WICKERSHAM others are hearty & cordial. TO BE SPEAKER TONIGHT Diary 20, 1911 -10- Alaska Square Deal League Will December The Times report is as follows - P.I. about same Hear “The Needs of the North”

14 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 [clipping] courageous and far seeing man, and one whom, I WICKERSHAM PLEADS believe, would accomplish great results for Alaska FOR PEACE AND UNITY if let alone. Fisher has proposed to build a railroad IN ASSITING ALASKA from the coast to the Yukon, through the Delegate Says that in Thirty Matanuska coal fields. He takes a most sensible Days of Work Washington view of the situation, and I believe he is sincere Congressional Delegation when he says that, when the government retards Could Pass Needed Laws development while it makes an experiment, the NOT FOR LEASING, BUT government itself should go ahead with the WILL STAND FOR IT development work. By J. J. UNDERWOOD To Get Railroad Big Thing. “LET there be peace” was the keynote of an able “Personally, I don’t care whether the proposed speech made last night at the Coliseum by James railroad is built from Seward or Valdez or Cordova. Wickersham, delegate to Congress from Alaska. I don’t care whether it is built and operated by the “’Develop Alaska,’” said the delegate, “is the government or the government guarantees the motto of one of your organizations, and if you can interest on the bonds. What we want is the get the Washington congressional delegation railroad, and I want the people of Seattle, as together and keep them together for thirty days, we businessmen, to help us get it. will be able to pass laws that will enable us to “When Seattle in 1897 was suffering and on the develop Alaska on lines that will be beneficial to all verge of insolvency, Alaska came to our aid. She of us. poured millions and millions of dollars into your city “I am willing to be good,” said the delegate. “I when you needed it. Alaska needs your help now. don’t want to fight. I you people will get behind me Now is the time for you to reciprocate. and help to get a good coal law and a good “Alaska is the storm center of a big political transportation law for Alaska, I’ll be a good Indian. battle, and no men in the United States have a I’ll take my blanket and go back on to the greater interest in the result of that battle than the reservation. Let us get what we want by standing people of Seattle, except the people of Alaska.” together, and let us fight afterwards, if we want to. The delegate spoke of the heavy cost of freight in I’ll be good so long as the legislation is good, and the territory which he represents, and quoted Alfred I’ll be mean just as long as the legislation proposed H. Brooks for the statement that one-half of the is mean. Let’s quit our petty quarreling and get gold output of interior Alaska had been used to pay together and accomplish some results.” freight bills. He drew attention to the rates charged Not Advocate of Leasing. on the Copper River & Northwestern Railroad and Delegate Wickersham dealt exhaustively with the suggested the extension of the interstate proposed leasing bill for the Alaska coal lands, and commerce laws as a remedy. He declared that it while opposed to the leasing proposition for the might be said the railroad was not paying, but reason that he believed it would not be for the best insisted that the problem was for the Interstate interests of the people, he stated he was willing to Commerce Commission to solve. stand for it, if a reasonable lines and with a Cities Result of Leasing. commission to control the prices to be charged for Declaring that the salmon fisheries are being the fuel and with the extension of the interstate depleted and the seal islands already had been commerce laws to Alaska, is incorporated into it. depleted under the leasing system, the delegate “While I do not agree with Secretary Fisher,” said said it was probable that the same results would the delegate, “I believe him to be an able, accrue with

15 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 regard to the leasing of the coal lands. He Two trains going in opposite directions on a single believed that, unless this short-sighted policy is track and trying to pass each other is simple by stopped, Alaska certainly will be smashed. comparison, said Baldwin. The Seattle Chamber of Commerce, the delegate Apt conservation Illustration. declared, had offered the most reasonable solution “Our great broad policy of conservation,” said of the coal-land problem, in a resolution sent to Baldwin, “is well illustrated in Central Africa, where Congress last year, and upon which he had 160,000,000 negro conservationists are living and introduced a bill in Congress. The bill provided that their resources are the same today as they were at the sale of coal lands and water power sites should the time imperial Carthage was ground into the be made by the government, and that the states dust under the iron heel of the Roman Republic. that contained the coal lands or water powers Their resources are the same today as they were should have the right to regulate their use, and when Caesar rode out at the head of his that, if the coal lands or water power sites were conquering legions. situated in a territory of the United States, they “These 160 million conservationists have not a should come under the regulation of the federal school, they have not a church, they have not a government. printing press. But their great resources have been “I sincerely hope the proposed leasing bill will not conserved. Their beautiful forests have not been pass,” said the delegate, “but if it does pass, I shall slaughtered to make wood pulp for their printing do my best to reduce its evils to a minimum. I do presses. Their trees have not been ruthlessly not approve of government ownership and destroyed for the purpose of building baby grand operation of coal lands or railroads, but Secretary pianos. Fisher is right when he says that if the government “A monkey skin, stretched across the ribs of a desires to become our landlord it should bear the giraffe furnishes all the music that is necessary to cost of development.” soothe the savage breast. These are the men who Wants Territorial Government. have carried the great broad principles of The delegate made a long and earnest plea for conservation to its fullest extremity. territorial government in Alaska, declaring un- “Their entire country is one great and glorious American any principle which refuses to give forest reserve. It would be an ideal place for Americans a voice in the management of their own Gifford Pinchot.” internal affairs. The meeting was closed by Maurice D. Leehey, The speaker was introduced by Charles G. who stated that all the delegates who had been Heifner, a prominent Democrat, who also spoke in elected from Alaska had declared for territorial favor of territorial government, and was followed by government, and that the measure had not yet the Rev. M.A. Matthews. been passed. A short address was made by John L. Steele. The At the close of the meeting, the delegate was tersest remarks of the evening undoubtedly were asked if he would answer a few questions. He those of George Baldwin, who declared that “the consented and then was asked if it would not be a kind of conservation offered by the pernicious, good thing for everybody if the country was taken pestiferous Pinchot would no more assist out of the hands of the corporations and turned development than oil would mix with water. The over to the Socialists? The roar of laughter problem of prevented the delegate’s answer from being heard. Diary 20, 1911 10 December [clipping continued] Seattle is in the throes of a struggle between rival commercial clubs - each of which wants to get

16 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 control of Alaskan matters. I make no difference certainly tomorrow. but appeal to all as Seattle businessmen to assist Bully for Poindexter! Alaska. [clipping] Have sent telegram to St Paul accepting invitation POINDEXTER PUNISHES to talk to Progressives there on Dec. 21, and in ALASKAN POSTMASTER Minneapolis on 22nd on the story of Alaska. Am Postmaster Harry G. Steel, of Cordova, formerly a anxious to know what Taft’s message on Alaska well-known Seattle newspaper man, will be ousted will say - He seems to be “hedging” and Pinchot & from his position as the result of the success of a his people are now agreeing to support his Alaska fight waged against him by Senator Miles leasing by Govt. Ry. schemes in Alaska. Poindexter, according to news received from Diary 20, 1911 -11th - Washington that the Senate has rejected Steel’s December 11 Monday - I was entertained by the business men of nomination. Tacoma this evening in a very flattering way. They Steel is strongly allied with the anti- gave me a dinner at the Tacoma Hotel - in the conservation forces in Alaska, and, as editor of the special “lumberman’s room.” There were present, Cordova Alaskan, has mercilessly scored the John Rea, Geo. J. Reid, the Mayor, Ralph Metcalf, Pinchot-Poindexter combination. He also took an Paul Hamus & more than a dozen others including important part in the political fight against James the officials of the Commercial Club -and the dinner Wickersham, Alaska delegate to Congress, who is was a fine affair in every appointment. reputed to be an ally of Poindexter. Opposition After dinner - of course the dinner was a dress from Poindexter in the Senate when he sought the affair - I was conducted to the Commercial Club postoffice appointment, therefore, was expected, rooms on “C” St. & made an address on the but he and his friends had not believed the necessity for more intimate trade relations between influence of the Washington senator strong enough Alaska & Puget Sound. The whole matter was a to dislodge him. success & pleasure. Diary 20, 1911 -12th - I filed objections & kept Steel from confirmation last December 12-16 In Seattle - the Square Deal Club has notified me session, & they evidently undertook to rush him that I am to speak in North Yakima on Thursday through this session in advance & again met night - & I must be there tomorrow - Bill McPhee & defeat. some other Alaskans will go with me. -18th - -13th – 14.- Started for the East over the N.P. Ry - 7 o’clock Spoke at North Yakima before the Commercial p.m. Club tonight & left on midnight train for Seattle Diary 20, 1911 -19th - -15- December 19-21 Spokane-Idaho-Montana In Buckley visiting mother - Paid her $100 on -20th - account of workman & she agreed to give me lots Montana, Dakota for all sums so paid. -21st - -16th - Arrived in St Paul this morning at 8:30 and went to Paid $191.70 taxes for Henry T. Ray, upon his the Ryan Hotel. Luncheon at 12:30 at Commercial telegraphic request. Have my ticket for East Club & spoke for an hour & a half to the members tomorrow. of the “Current Topics” - bunch of Progressives. Diary 20, 1911 -17th - It was a fine & courteous compliment. The best December 17-18 Sunday and not yet finished - McDonald & other business men of St Paul - the young and vigorous coal men to see me today - hope to get away east - fellows - about 100 men present, including my old

17 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 friend McLean, Editor of the Dispatch. Progress Impossible Under That System. After I finished there I was taken to the Land Show “If this law passes, the Guggenheim-Morgan -it was “Alaska Day” & I was invited to speak there combine will be able to secure control of the at 3 p.m. on Alaska and its resources which I did - famous Cunningham claims, which Secretary the Alaska exhibit is “bum.” Fisher has recently decided were fraudulent, Diary 20, 1911 -21- placing the title again with the government. December 21 [clipping] Controlling transportation as they do, the WOULD TIGHTEN Guggenheims and Morgan would then have the GRIP ON ALASKA entire territory by the throat. The real ownership of Wickersham Declares Guggenheims' the country would be taken from the people. They Hope is in Leasing Law Which would be placed in the condition of living on is Likely to pass. someone else’s land. SAYS CONGRESS IS IGNORANT HE WOLD DIVORCE ALASKA And Indifferent Toward Territory- FROM CONGRESS. He Hopes to Get Territorial [photograph] Government. James Wickersham. Federal control, said James Wickersham, Mr. Wickersham, who is in St. Paul today, says Progressive Republican delegate to Congress from that Congress is ignorant and indifferent about Alaska, at the Ryan Hotel this morning, is the only Alaska. He is working for a territorial government salvation for Alaska. As things are now, Mr. in the North. Wickersham says, the Guggenheim-Morgan interests control not only the territory but the real I firmly believe that if such a thing should come to seat of the territorial government, which is in pass there would be a great migration of settlers Washington. Even the Alaskan courts, which he from Alaska. For 110 years we have had the admits are of the best Uncle Sam has anywhere, leasing system in Alaska, and the people are are more or less dominated by this combination, he beginning to realize that progress under it is declares. impossible. “The act of 1908, drawn by Gifford Pinchot and Government Should Dictate Price. James R. Garfield,” said Mr. Wickersham, is about “Federal control is the solution. I believe a law the should be passed giving the government the right only saving legislation that has ever been enacted to dictate the priced and mode of transportation of for the territory. That act provides that no coal from the mines to the ultimate consumer. This company, corporation or single individual shall own would prevent monopoly, as the Guggenheim- or control more than 2,560 acres of land in the Morgan interests own the only railroad in the territory. If any one secures control of more, the territory.” title reverts to the government. Mr. Wickersham has had introduced a bill in Leasing Law a Danger. Congress to that effect, but fears that if the lease “but as a proof that the ‘interests’ are not plan is adopted, it will be difficult to secure its defeated and are still scheming to tighten their passage. grasp on the resources of the territory, the plan for Wants Government Railroad. leasing the Alaskan coal lands has been reopened Another thing which would go far toward in Congress, with a great chance that it will be overcoming the threatened monopoly, in Mr. adopted. Under this bill the land limit is raised to Wickersham’s belief, would be the construction of a 5,120 acres. government railroad in the territory..

18 Alaska State Library – Historical Collections Diary of James Wickersham MS 107 BOX 3 DIARY 20 Oct. 19, 1911 through May 22, 1912 “Mr. Pinchot, Mr. Garfield and Mr. Fisher have Mr. Wickersham told the club members that the approv