Land North of Keresforth Road Dodworth South Yorkshire

Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Report no. 3048 December 2017

Client: Persimmon Homes West Yorkshire Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth

Land North of Keresforth Road, Dodworth South Yorkshire

Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Summary The proposed development area lies immediately to the north of Keresforth Road, Dodworth and has been farmland since at least the mid-19th century, and remains undeveloped to the present day. This lack of development might facilitate the survival of earlier (e.g. prehistoric, Roman or medieval) activity, although this archaeological desk-based assessment has established that there is low potential for archaeological remains within the proposed development area based on the known heritage assets close by. In the absence of any known archaeological interventions within the site itself, however, evidence for earlier activity cannot be entirely excluded and a geophysical (magnetometer) survey is recommended to evaluate the site further.

Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth

Report Information Client: Persimmon Homes West Yorkshire Address: 3 Hepton Court, York Road, Leeds, LS9 6PW Report Type: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Location: Land North of Keresforth Road, Dodworth County: South Yorkshire Grid Reference: SE 32308 05417 (centred) Period(s) of activity represented: ?Prehistoric- modern Report Number: 3048 Project Number: 6898 Site Code: BMD 17 Date of report: December 2017 Project Management: David Williams BA MCIfA Report: Jane Richardson PhD MCIfA FSA Illustrations: Emma Brunning BSc Photography: Naomi Sewpaul BSc MSc Research: Naomi Sewpaul

Authorisation for distribution: ------

ii Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth

Contents Report information ...... ii Contents ...... iii List of Figures ...... iv List of Plates ...... iv

1 Introduction ...... 1 Site location, topography and land-use ...... 1 Geology and soils ...... 1 2 Information Sources ...... 1 Archaeological archives and databases ...... 2 Designated heritage assets ...... 2 Published and unpublished sources ...... 2 Geological and soil surveys ...... 2 Walkover survey ...... 2 3 Assessment Criteria ...... 2 4 The Study Area ...... 3 Identified archaeological sites, buildings and features ...... 3 Designated sites or areas ...... 3 Previous archaeological investigations ...... 4 Historic Environment Characterisation ...... 4 Archaeological background and heritage assets ...... 4 Map regression ...... 5 5 Catalogue of Heritage Assets ...... 7 6 Impact Assessment ...... 9 Recorded heritage assets ...... 9 Potential sub-surface remains ...... 9 7 Conclusion ...... 9

Figures Plates

Bibliography

iii Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth

List of Figures 1 Site location 2 Site location, showing catalogued heritage assets, 1km study area and proposed development area 3 Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1855, showing the proposed development area (not to scale) 4 Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1894, showing the proposed development area (not to scale) 5 Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1907, showing the proposed development area (not to scale) 6 Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1933, showing the proposed development area (not to scale) 7 Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1949, showing the proposed development area (not to scale)

List of Plates 1 Proposed development area from the south, looking north 2 Proposed development area from the west, looking east 3 Proposed development area from the north-west, looking north-east 4 Proposed development area from the north, looking south-west

iv Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth

1 Introduction Archaeological Services WYAS (ASWYAS) was commissioned by Persimmon Homes West Yorkshire to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment of land north of Keresforth Road, Dodworth, as part of a planning application for a proposed housing development. The proposed development area (PDA) is located on the eastern limits of Dodworth, a village located immediately west of Junction 37, on the western edge of the urban area of Barnsley. An assessment of the significance of any recorded heritage assets within a 1km zone around the site has been undertaken, together with an assessment of any potential impacts, in line with the requirements of National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF; Chapter 12: ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’, paragraph 128).

Site location and topography and land-use The PDA covers an area of approximately 5.5 hectares to the north of Keresforth Road, Dodworth, South Yorkshire centred at SE 32308 05417 (centred). The site is located immediately to the west of Junction 37 of the M1 and to the east of residential properties off Wareham Grove and Water Royd Drive (Figs 1 and 2). The PDA is currently occupied by arable land and mature trees and slopes from approximately 132m OD in the north to 104m OD in the south. The study area comprises all land within a 1km radius of the boundary of the PDA. Geology and soils The underlying geology of the proposed development site comprises bands of Pennine Middle Coal Measures Formation – Sandstone interspersed with bands of Pennine Middle Coal Measures Formation - Mudstone, Siltstone and Sandstone. Both were formed approximately 310 to 318 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period when the local environment would have been dominated by swamps, estuaries and deltas (BGS 2017). The soils are recorded as unclassified in this urban location (Soil Survey of England and Wales 1983).

2 Information Sources The following sources of information have been consulted in order to meet the requirements of the desk-based assessment and are in line with guidelines laid down by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2011). Where listed buildings, events and monuments listed in the catalogue (Section 5) are mentioned in the text, the relevant catalogue numbers are given in bold-type (3).

1 Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth

Archaeological archives and databases Information on previous archaeological finds and investigations within the study area was obtained from the South Yorkshire Sites and Monuments Record (SYSMR) and the English Heritage National Monuments Record (NMR). The holdings of Barnsley Archive and Local Studies Department was consulted for historic maps and plans, antiquarian histories, photographs and other relevant documentary sources. Designated heritage assets English Heritage’s National Heritage List for England Database were consulted for information on all designated Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered Battlefields, Conservation Areas and World Heritage Sites within the study area. Published and unpublished sources A range of published and unpublished material has been researched and consulted. This includes academic articles together with general sources on the area and its wider archaeological and historical background. These are listed in the bibliography. Geological and soil surveys Information on the underlying geology and soils within the study area was taken from data collected by the British Geological Survey (BGS 2017) and the Soil Survey of England and Wales (1983). Walkover survey A walkover survey was undertaken in November 2017 in order to identify any archaeological features visible on the ground and to determine the potential for any future archaeological investigations. Access was afforded through public rights of way. No archaeological features were identified on the ground (Plates 1-4).

3 Assessment Criteria An assessment of the significance of any recorded heritage assets within a 1km circle around the site has been undertaken, in line with the requirements of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF; Chapter 12: ‘Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’, paragraph 128). Scheduled Monuments, Grade I and II* Listed Buildings, registered Parks and Gardens, registered Battlefields and World Heritage Sites are assessed to be of high significance, in line with paragraph 132 of the NPPF. The significance of other heritage assets has been determined based on the following criteria, and broadly follows levels of national designation.

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Significance Type of Heritage Asset

Scheduled Monuments Listed Buildings (Grade I and II*) High Registered Parks and Gardens Registered Battlefields World Heritage Sites Listed Buildings (Grade II) Conservation Areas

Medium Heritage Assets identified as being of regional or local importance on the HER Sites identified within this assessment considered to be of regional or local importance Non-designated Heritage Assets recorded on the HER Low Previously unrecorded sites identified in this assessment and not considered to be significant Previously recorded heritage assets or sites recorded in None documentary sources now destroyed Potential but previously unrecorded sub-surface archaeological remains Unknown Historical sites or features identified through documentary evidence as part of this assessment

The assessed significance of each individual heritage asset identified as part of this assessment has been listed in the catalogue in Section 5. Where there is potential for an impact on a heritage asset, this impact is discussed in Section 6.

4 The Study Area Identified archaeological sites, buildings and features No archaeological sites or finds have been identified within the proposed development area itself, but 20 archaeological sites or historic buildings are recorded in the study area or just beyond. These sites are discussed below and have been catalogued in Section 5. The three listed buildings in the vicinity (5, 7 and 17) are shielded from the PDA by significant residential development. Designated sites or areas The study area contains no designated Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, or Registered Battlefields. The study area contains several Listed Buildings, but none of these are located within or close to the PDA. No Conservation Areas are located within the study area.

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Previous archaeological investigations The majority of heritage assets identified within the study area relate to previous archaeological interventions recorded on the HER. A number of these to the north of the Penistone to Barnsley railway line relate to the Capitol Park commercial estate development, and include three building recording programmes relating to post-medieval farm buildings (2, 3 and 4) and associated watching briefs (2 and 3). Geophysical survey (13), trial trenching (11, 13 and 14) and excavation (12 and 14) were also undertaken in the area, with the most notable results relating to likely prehistoric activity (ditches, gullies and pits). Further archaeological mitigation within the centre of Dodworth village (6, 10 and 16) identified activity and/or structures associated with post-medieval occupation. Historic Environment Characterisation The Historic Environment Characterisation Project for South Yorkshire (Marchant et al. 2008) has identified a polygon that incorporates the entire PDA (HSY6468). This is described as enclosed land (agglomerated fields). Archaeological background and heritage assets

Prehistory (c. 10,000 BC – c. AD 71) There are no positively identified archaeological sites datable to this period within the study area and no known archaeological investigations have taken place that have encountered features or finds dating definitively to this period. Undated features including enclosures (11, 12 and 14) and post-holes, pits and gullies (14) excavated to the north-west of the PDA, however, are likely to be of prehistoric date.

Roman period (c. AD 71 – c. AD 410) Similarly to the prehistoric era, there are no known sites positively datable to the Roman period within the study area, although the possible prehistoric activity noted above may incorporate Roman remains.

Post-Roman and early medieval period (c. AD 410 to 1066) The nature of the change in Romano-British society at the end of the Roman period is not well understood nationally. In South Yorkshire opportunities to investigate this period have been very rare indeed, and much of the research for the period has been based upon speculation. Not surprisingly, no known post-Roman sites have been identified during the course of this study.

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Medieval period (1066 to c. 1500) The Domesday Book entry for Dodworth in AD 1086 states: “In Dodesuurde, Swan had 5 carucates of land for geld (taxable) where 3 ploughs are possible. Now the same (Swan) has (them) from Ilbert. He (has) there 2 villeins (villagers) and 3 (bordars) smallholders with 1 plough. Woodland pasture 1 league long and half a league wide. Value before 1066, 20s; now 10s.” ‘Dodesuurde’ refers to an enclosure of a man called Dodd or Dodda (Mills 2003, 156). The medieval nucleus of Dodworth is now obscured by later developments of the post- medieval and modern periods but the (part) survival of four buildings (5, 7, 8 and 9) from this period suggests the focus was around the intersection of four lanes that still survive as a crossroads in the centre of the present settlement. Other buildings of possible medieval origin are also identified within the wider search area (17 and 18). Evidence for the medieval field systems around Dodworth has long since disappeared but evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing is still visible on aerial photographs in some of the outlying areas particularly west of Higham Lane (Burgess 2002) and has been identified during field evaluations (15).

Post-medieval and early modern periods At this time Dodworth is shown as a small cluster of dwellings, predominantly on the north side of what is now High Street, with a few isolated dwellings located along the four lanes that intersect in the middle of the village. Post-medieval buildings and/or structures within the settlement core are relatively rare (5 and 10), but other buildings dating to the 17th century (1, 2 and 17) and 18th to 19th centuries (4, 16 and 18) are noted from the wider area. By 1855, when the first edition Ordnance Survey map was published, one significant change was the construction of the Penistone and Barnsley branch of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway. This, along with the principle employer, Church Lane Colliery to the north-west of Dodworth, fuelled the expansion of the village. In addition, there are several examples of disturbances that may be indicative of early coal working (11 and 13), while further industrial activity is indicated by a bleachworks and later colliery (19) to the south of the PDA. Map regression (Figs 3-8) The earliest available map that covers the development site is from the OS six inch map of 1855 which shows the PDA incorporating one complete field and parts of four other fields. (Fig. 3). Against its southern boundary is a thin band of woodland which broadens to the north-east and is labelled as Horse Wood. Between the PDA and the village of Dodworth to the south-west are enclosed fields including some strip fields probably associated with properties fronting the High Street.

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By 1894 the only recorded change to the PDA is the loss of an approximate east-west field boundary to make a larger central field. Dodworth has not increased in size and the only new development appears to be North Field on the northern side of Dodworth Road (Fig. 4). No development changes are evident by 1907 (Fig. 5). By 1933, while the PDA remains unchanged, a new road has been constructed between Barnsley Road and High Street (now Mitchelson Avenue), accompanied by significant residential development in this area. Related to the extensive mining activity in the area, the Miners’ Welfare Recreation Ground has been established by this time (Fig. 6). North Field has expanded and development further to the east towards Barnsley is also evident. Similarly by 1949, the PDA is still occupied by the same four fields, while development between Dodworth and Barnsley continues, most notably residential properties on South Road to the south of Barnsley Road (Fig. 7). More recent mapping (from the 1960s) highlights continued residential development (associated with South Road) and some changes to one field boundary within the PDA. The M1 motorway immediately to the east of the PDA is not present on the 1965-66 OS mapping but has been constructed by 1971. Residential properties along and off Water Royd Road, and associated woodland between this development and the PDA, are present from the mid -1980s or later based on historic mapping (later OS mapping is not illustrated but see Fig. 2).

6 Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth 5 Catalogue of Archaeological Sites and Buildings Catalogue entries for archaeological sites and features have been ordered geographically from west to east and given a numerical identifier. Where an entry has an associated PRN number the information has been obtained from the SYHER. All further information is referenced in the bibliography.

No. Name HER Ref. Grid Significance Description No. Reference 1 Site of Lane Head MSY13109 N/A Low Farm buildings shown on 18th-century mapping and found to contain remains of a 17th- Farm century timber-framed structure. 2 Building survey ESY196 SE 31640 Low A historic buildings survey was conducted with a watching brief being by Northern and watching 06147 Archaeological Associates (2010) to monitor demolition, which uncovered the remains of a brief 17th-century timber framed building (date determined by dendrochronology). 3 Building survey ESY200 SE 31627 Low Between November 2005 and January 2006 a building survey and watching brief by Northern and watching 06009 Archaeological Associates (2006a) during demolition was undertaken at Lane Head Farm brief South. 4 Building appraisal ESY112 SE 31628 Low Appraisal of Lane Head Farm North identified two separate cottages, one from late 18th 06006 century, the other from the late 19th century (Northern Archaeological Associates 2006b). 5 Dodworth Old MSY5402 SE 3167 Medium Dodworth Old Hall - divided into video shop and cottage. 1631 datestone over door. Grade II Hall 0452 listed (1286383). 6 Archaeological ESY197 SE 31530 Low Ahead of the construction of a supermarket adjacent to Dodworth Old Hall and following a Evaluation and 05254 desk-based assessment six evaluation trenches were excavated by Tony Sumpter watching brief Archaeological Consultancy (2003). No remains were detected during the evaluation but a cellar contemporary with the Hall and an earlier well was uncovered during demolition. 7 Medieval timber MSY4751 SE 3153 Medium Timber-framed building (joiner's workshop) Dodworth High Street. 15th or early 16th century framed building, 0522 (Ryder), stone clad in the 17th century. 20th-century alterations. Former outbuilding to 13 High Street Dodworth hall, 3 bay timber framed range at the right angles to street. Grade II listed (1151774). 8 Medieval cruck MSY4653 SE 3156 Low Remains of cruck building (Old Smithy) Dodworth High Street, Medieval? 3 bay cruck building 0524 building demolished 1953 except for north end truss, which remains standing in the garden. 9 Medieval Cottage, MSY4654 SE 3160 Low Site of cruck cottages Dodworth High Street. Medieval? On site of present community centre. Dodworth High 0510 Demolished c. 1940. Street

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No. Name HER Ref. Grid Significance Description No. Reference 10 Archaeological ESY75 SE 31671 Low In advance of a proposal to develop land at High Street/Stafford Walk ASWYAS conducted Evaluation 05098 an evaluation, which uncovered a number of buildings and a stone-lined well of post-medieval date. There were also finds of post-medieval pottery dating from the late 17th to 20th century. 11 Trial trenching ESY1288 SE 3181 Low Ten trenches excavated at Capitol Park, Dodworth. Geophysical survey (ESY113) had 0608 indicted the possible presence of a series of pits, but these were shown to be coal outcroppings. However, boundary ditches defining an enclosure were identified, tentatively dated as prehistoric due to the morphology. 12 Excavation at ESY1289 SE 3182 Low Excavation at a site by Junction 37 of the M1, Dodworth, Barnsley. An enclosure, undated Capitol Park 0607 though interpreted to be prehistoric on the basis of morphology, was recorded. 13 Geophysical ESY113 SE 31843 Low The magnetic survey indicated a number of pit type anomalies probably of archaeological survey and 06080 origins first identified on aerial photographs and field boundaries. The pit anomalies ran archaeological north-west to south-east along the line of Top Haigh coal seam, which at first suggested they evaluation may have been surface quarrying pits, however, the survey suggested that they were the result of coal outcropping and may be geological features (GSB 2004). 14 Probable MSY13110 SE 3184 Low Evaluation and area excavation recorded a number of features on a site at Capitol Park, prehistoric 0606 Dodworth, Barnsley (Northern Archaeological Associates 2005). These consisted of an enclosure enclosure ditch, which appeared to extend outside the area of excavation to the north and west, a ring of fence posts, gullies and a number of pits. Although not directly dated, the features appeared to be of probable prehistoric date. 15 Watching brief ESY1023 SE 3190 Low Topsoil stripping in advance of groundworks for the Dodworth bypass revealed a modern 0598 field boundary and evidence of ridge and furrow ploughing. 16 Evaluation and ESY983 SE 3182 Low Targeted trenching and mitigation at Pheasant Inn, Dodworth uncovered a pair of late 18th to mitigation 0501 early 19th-century cottages (ARCUS 2008). 17 Saville Hall and MSY5400 SE 3167 Medium Savile Hall, Dodworth - perhaps early 17th-century wing built onto earlier house (now Barn 0452 destroyed). Contemporary outbuilding and later 17th-century barn. Grade II listed (1314745). 18 Keresforth House MSY5254 SE 3291 Low Stone built house of 18th to 19th-century appearance. Some earlier works probably originally 0531 hall and cross wings plan. ?medieval timber framed. 19 Rob Royd MSY12123 Low The works was operated by the firm of HJ and J Spencer of Hope Works, Sackville Street in Bleachworks Barnsley at least from 1871. Work on the building of the Barnsley premises began in the 1850s. By 1904 a colliery had appeared on the site of the bleachworks. The headgear for this colliery could be seen alongside the M1 for some years after the construction of the motorway, but was subsequently dismantled. 20 Locke Park, MSY12150 Low Post-medieval public park Barnsley

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6 Impact Assessment Recorded heritage assets Direct impacts The proposed development site will have no direct impact on any of the heritage assets identified as part of this desk-based assessment. Impact on setting The three listed buildings located within or just beyond the study area, reflect the historic core of Dodworth (5 and 7), as well as a once isolated high-status residence (17). The proposed development is located immediately to the west of the M1 motorway and immediately to the west of established woodland associated with modern residential developments. Due to the well-developed nature of surrounding vegetation, the proposed development will not impact on the settings or the views to and from the listed heritage assets to the west (5 and 7) and south-west (17). Potential sub-surface remains There have been a number of archaeological investigations in the study area, including a group associated with the Capitol Park development to the north-west of the PDA (2-4 and 11-15). These comprise the investigation of a 17th-century timber-framed building (2) and later cottages (4) and undated, albeit likely prehistoric, features (11, 12 and 14), as well as ridge and furrow ploughing (15). Given the likelihood that the PDA has remained undeveloped since the mid-19th century, the potential for earlier remains to survive does exist. There is the potential for medieval agricultural activity such as ridge and furrow ploughing or night soiling to survive, as well as much earlier evidence for prehistoric or Roman settlement. Early modern field boundaries, as noted on historic mapping, may also be encountered.

7 Conclusion The proposed development site occupies land that has been undeveloped since at least the mid-19th century, and remains undeveloped to the present day. This lack of development might facilitate the survival of earlier (e.g. prehistoric, Roman or medieval) activity. This archaeological desk-based assessment has established that there is low potential for archaeological remains within the proposed development site based on the known heritage assets close by, but in the absence of any known archaeological interventions within the site itself, evidence for earlier activity cannot be entirely excluded. It is recommended that the proposed development site is further evaluated by undertaking a geophysical (magnetometer) survey, although mature woodland would be excluded from the survey area. This should allow the presence or absence of archaeological anomalies to be assessed. It is likely that subsequent mitigation in terms of archaeological trial trenching will

9 Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth also be necessary to test any observed anomalies, any apparently blank areas and the unsurveyable elements of the site. A sampling strategy in the order of 4% should be anticipated.

10 Inset see Fig. 2.

20 HERITAGE ASSETS

1 2 11 13 14 3 12 406000 4 15

18 6 5 8 20 7

9 10

16 405000

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the © ASWYAS 2017. permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Archaeological Services W Y A S © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Nepshaw Lane South, Morley, LS27 7JQ copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Tel: 0113 383 7500 Wakefield Metropolitan District Council licence 100019574, 2017. 432000 433000 Fig. 2. Site location, showing catalogued heritage assets, 1km study area and proposed developmen area 0 500m Fig. 3. Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1855, showing the proposed development area (not to scale)

Fig. 4. Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1894, showing the proposed development area (not to scale) Fig. 5. Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1907, showing the proposed development area (not to scale)

Fig. 6. Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1933, showing the proposed development area (not to scale) Fig. 7. Extract from the OS six-inch survey of 1949, showing the proposed development area (not to scale) Plate 1. Proposed development area from the south, Plate 2. Proposed development area from the west, looking looking north east

Plate 3. Proposed development area from the north-west, Plate 4. Proposed development area from the north, looking north-east looking south-east Archaeological Services WYAS Report No. 3048 Keresforth Road, Dodworth

Bibliography ARCUS, 2008, Archaeological Evaluation and Mitigation of Land at Pheasant Inn 88-90 High Street, Dodworth, Barnsley. Report no. 1096b/c.1(1) High Street/Barnsley Road, Dodworth, South Yorkshire. Archaeological Evaluation and Watching Brief British Geology Survey 2017, http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html (viewed November 2017) Burgess, A., 2002, Dodworth Development Site, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Desk-based Assessment. ASWYAS Report no. 1056 CIfA, 2011, Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment, Chartered Institute of Archaeologists GSB Prospection Ltd, 2004, M1 Junction 37, Dodworth, South Yorkshire. Geophysical Survey Report 2004/40 Marchant, J., Radcliffe, D., Lines, A. and Saich, D., 2008, South Yorkshire Historic Environment Characterisation Mills, A. D., 2003, Dictionary of British Place Names Northern Archaeological Associates, 2005, Capitol Park, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Post- excavation Assessment Report no. 05/120 Northern Archaeological Associates, 2006a, Lane Head Farm South, Capitol Park, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Buildings Survey and Watching Brief. Report no. 06/41 Northern Archaeological Associates, 2006b, Lane Head Farm North, Capitol Park, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Buildings Survey and Watching Brief. Report no. 06/39 Northern Archaeological Associates, 2010, Lane Head Farm (North), Capitol Park, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. Report no. 10/121 Soil Survey of England and Wales 1893, Soils of Northern England, Sheet 1 Tony Sumpter Archaeological Consultancy, 2003, High Street/Barnsley Road, Dodworth, South Yorkshire. Archaeological Evaluation and Watching Brief