The Buddhist Monastic Code II
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Buddhist Militarism Beyond Texts: the Importance of Ritual During the Sri Lankan Civil War
BUDDHIST MILITARISM BEYOND TEXTS: THE IMPORTANCE OF RITUAL DURING THE SRI LANKAN CIVIL WAR Iselin Frydenlund MF Norwegian School of Theology1 Abstract: This article addresses Buddhist militarism by exploring monastic-military ritual interactions during the Sri Lankan civil war, lasting from 1983 to 2009. Much has been written on the importance of Buddhism to Sinhala nationalism, the redefinition of the Buddhist monastic role in response to colonialism and the modernization process, as well as the development of a Buddhist just-war ideol- ogy. While these perspectives in various ways emphasize the importance of the Buddhist monastic order in pushing forward a Sinhala Buddhist nationalist agenda, little attention has been paid to the performative aspects of Buddhist militarism. Based on ethnographic data gathered during the Norwegian-facilitated peace talks (2000–2008), this article shows how rituals became crucial in conveying support to the state’s military efforts without compromising religious authority. By looking at Buddhist monastic ritual interaction in military institutions, this paper argues that the acceptance of the use of warfare is less anchored in systematized just-war thinking than the term “Buddhist just-war ideology” seems to suggest. Rather, through an anthropological approach to Buddhism and violence, this article shows that the term “Buddhist implicit militarism” better captures the rationale behind the broad monastic engagement with military institutions beyond minority positions of radical Buddhist militancy during a given “exception” in history. The essay concludes that monastic-military ritual interaction is a social field in which this “implicit militarism” is most clearly articulated. Key Words: Buddhism, militarism, just-war, violence, Sri Lanka, rituals 1Iselin Frydenlund is also Senior Researcher at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). -
Buddhism in America
Buddhism in America The Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series The United States is the birthplace of religious pluralism, and the spiritual landscape of contemporary America is as varied and complex as that of any country in the world. The books in this new series, written by leading scholars for students and general readers alike, fall into two categories: some of these well-crafted, thought-provoking portraits of the country’s major religious groups describe and explain particular religious practices and rituals, beliefs, and major challenges facing a given community today. Others explore current themes and topics in American religion that cut across denominational lines. The texts are supplemented with care- fully selected photographs and artwork, annotated bibliographies, con- cise profiles of important individuals, and chronologies of major events. — Roman Catholicism in America Islam in America . B UDDHISM in America Richard Hughes Seager C C Publishers Since New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © Columbia University Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Seager, Richard Hughes. Buddhism in America / Richard Hughes Seager. p. cm. — (Columbia contemporary American religion series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN ‒‒‒ — ISBN ‒‒‒ (pbk.) . Buddhism—United States. I. Title. II. Series. BQ.S .'—dc – Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. -
The Concept of Self-Liberation in Theravada Burmese Buddhism
ASIA-PACIFIC NAZARENE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY THE CONCEPT OF SELF-LIBERATION IN THERAVADA BURMESE BUDDHISM A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfilment of the Degree Master of Science in Theology BY CING SIAN THAWN TAYTAY, RIZAL NOVEMBER 2020 ASIA-PACIFIC NAZARENE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY WE HEREBY APPROVE THE THESIS SUBMITTED BY Cing Sian Thawn ENTITLED THE CONCEPT OF SELF-LIBERATION IN THERAVADA BURMESE BUDDHISTS AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THEOLOGY (SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY) Dr. Dick Eugenio _________ Dr. Phillip Davis __________ Thesis Adviser Date Program Director Date Dr. Eileen Ruger _________ Dr. Naw Yaw Yet ___________ Internal Reader Date External Reader Date Dr. Dick Eugenio _________ Dr. Larry Bollinger ___________ Academic Dean Date President Date ii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the self-liberation concept of Theravada Buddhism, with the hope that it can provide a foundation towards a dialogical exchange between Buddhists and Christians in Myanmar. To provide a better understanding of the context, the thesis offers a brief historical background of Buddhist-Christian relations in Myanmar. By mainly relying on the translation of the Pali Tipitaka, along with a number of secondary sources from prominent Buddhist scholars, the self-liberation concept of Theravada Buddhism is discussed, beginning with the personal experience of Gotama, the Buddha. The thesis is descriptive in nature. The research employs a basic qualitative method, integrated with the analytical and interpretive methods. Correlation and synthesis were done and are presented in the final chapter with an emphasis on implications for interfaith dialogue. The study produced some significant findings. -
Türk Halı, Kilini Ve Kınlılarında Kullanılan
Türk Halı, Kilini ve kınlılarında Kullanılan Resim/Picture I Kökboya {Rubia tincrorum L.) Madder ( Rubia tincrorum L.) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Recep Türk dokumalarında tabiattan elde edilen boyar- sülfat), siyah renkler için ise Fe2 (S04)3 (demir 3 sülfat), maddelerin kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Halk arasında FeS04 (demir 2 sülfat) ve kalay tuzlandır. Mordan olarak yaygın bir kanı ve adlandırma olarak bu türlerin hepsi Sn2+ katyonu 16-17, yüzyıllarda Avrupa’da kullanılmış “kökboya” biçiminde anılmaktadır. Bu makalede olmasına rağmen Türk ve İran tekstillerinde görüldüğü üzere boyalar sadece bitki köklerinden değil, kullanılmamıştır.5 bitkilerin toprak üstünde kalan bölümlerinden ve hatta böceklerden de elde edilmektedir. * Marmara Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi, Doğal Boya Araştırma Lâboratuvarı, Öğretim Üyesi. 1. H. Böhmer- R. Karadağ, “Analysis of Dyes”, Kaitag, 1. GİRİŞ Textile A rt From Daghestan, Textile Art Publication, London Türk halı, kilim ve kumaşlarında doğal boyarmaddeler 1993, s. 43; T. Eşberk- M. Harmancıoğlu, “Bazı Bitki Boyalannın ve boyama kaynakları sınırlı sayıda kullanılmıştır. Çoğu Haslık Dereceleri”, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı, litaretürlerin aksine boyama kaynağı olarak verilen Yıl 2, Fasikül 4,1952, s. 326; H. Schweppe, “Idenification of Dyes bitkilerin çoğunun çeşitli haslıklarının düşük olması ve in Historic Textile Materials”, Historic Textil And Paper I Materials: Convertion and Characterization, American Society, bazılarının ise boyarmadde içermediği yapılmış olan Washington D.С. 1986, s. 164; H. Schweppe, Handbuch der çalışmalarda tespit edilmiştir.1 Tarihî tekstillerin (halı, Naturfairbstoffe, Landsberg 1992; H. Schweppe, Historic Textile kilim ve çeşitli kumaşlarda) yapılmış olan boyarmadde and Paper Materials I, American Society, Washington, D.С. 1986, analizleri sonucunda, kullanılmış olan boyarmaddeler ve s. 174-183; H. Schweppe, Historic Textile and Paper Materials II, boyarmadde kaynaklarının sınırlı sayıda olduğu tespit American Society, Washington, D.C. -
Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia
Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia. A bibliography of historical and modern texts with introduction and partial annotation, and some echoes in Western countries. [This annotated bibliography of 220 items suggests the range and major themes of how Buddhism and people influenced by Buddhism have responded to disability in Asia through two millennia, with cultural background. Titles of the materials may be skimmed through in an hour, or the titles and annotations read in a day. The works listed might take half a year to find and read.] M. Miles (compiler and annotator) West Midlands, UK. November 2013 Available at: http://www.independentliving.org/miles2014a and http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/bibliography/buddhism/index.php Some terms used in this bibliography Buddhist terms and people. Buddhism, Bouddhisme, Buddhismus, suffering, compassion, caring response, loving kindness, dharma, dukkha, evil, heaven, hell, ignorance, impermanence, kamma, karma, karuna, metta, noble truths, eightfold path, rebirth, reincarnation, soul, spirit, spirituality, transcendent, self, attachment, clinging, delusion, grasping, buddha, bodhisatta, nirvana; bhikkhu, bhikksu, bhikkhuni, samgha, sangha, monastery, refuge, sutra, sutta, bonze, friar, biwa hoshi, priest, monk, nun, alms, begging; healing, therapy, mindfulness, meditation, Gautama, Gotama, Maitreya, Shakyamuni, Siddhartha, Tathagata, Amida, Amita, Amitabha, Atisha, Avalokiteshvara, Guanyin, Kannon, Kuan-yin, Kukai, Samantabhadra, Santideva, Asoka, Bhaddiya, Khujjuttara, -
Navigating the New Millennium
Navigating the New Millennium by Bhikkhu Bodhi BPS Newsletter Cover Essay No. 44 (1st Mailing 2000) © 2000 Bhikkhu Bodhi Buddhist Publication Society Kandy, Sri Lanka Access to Insight Edition 2005 www.accesstoinsight.org LTHOUGH our calculation of time’s passage in years and centuries carries no more weight against the vastness of the cosmic process than a feather Abefore a storm, still, being human, it is natural for us to nurture hope on reaching the threshold of a new millennium. Adherents of different religions also turn their thoughts toward the new millennium, and as Buddhists we might briefly ponder the question what the Dhamma can offer the world in the years ahead. From one angle it could be said that what Buddhism can offer humankind today is exactly what it has been holding out for the past twenty-five centuries: an acute diagnosis of the human condition and a clear path to final liberation from suffering. But while this statement is correct as far as it goes, it is not yet sufficient; for it does not take account of the fact that in any age the aspects of the Dhamma to be emphasized, and the way they are to be expressed, must address the particular problems faced by the people living in that age. The Buddha’s teaching acquires its incisive relevance, not merely by the cogency of its broad generalities, but by attuning its formulations to the precise problems that loom so large in the consciousness of the particular period in which it has taken root. Thus for the Dhamma to preserve its vitality and strength, it is not enough merely to repeat hallowed formulas inherited from the past, however true they might be in their own right. -
BUDDHISM, MEDITATION, and the NEGOTIATION of the PUBLIC SPHERE by Leana Marie Rudolph a Capstone Project Submitted for Graduatio
BUDDHISM, MEDITATION, AND THE NEGOTIATION OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE By Leana Marie Rudolph A capstone project submitted for Graduation with University Honors May 20, 2021 University Honors University of California, Riverside APPROVED Dr. Matthew King Department of Religious Studies Dr. Richard Cardullo, Howard H Hays Jr. Chair University Honors ABSTRACT This capstone serves to map and gather the oral histories of formerly undocumented Buddhist communities pertaining to their lived experiences in the Inland Empire. The ethnographic fieldwork conducted of 11 sites over the period of 12 months explored the intersection of diaspora, economy, and religious affiliation. This research begins to explore this junction by undertaking a qualitative and quantitative study that will map Buddhist life in the Inland Empire today. It will include interviews, providing oral histories, and will be accessible through a GIS map, helping Religious Studies and Anthropologist scholars to locate these sites and have background information on these locations. The Inland Empire represents many heavily populated, post-agricultural, and manufacturing areas in America today, which since the 1970s and especially since 2008 has suffered from many economic and social crises related to suburban poverty, as well as waves of demographic changes. Taking the Inland Empire as a petri dish for broader trends at the intersection of religion, economy, and the social in the American public sphere today, this capstone project hopes to determine how Buddhism forms at these intersections, what new stories about life in the Inland Empire Buddhist sites and communities help illuminate, and what forms of digital interfacing best brings anthropological analyses to the publics it examines. -
The Foundation of the Bhikkhunīsamgha
Sonderdrucke aus der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg OSKAR VON HINÜBER The Foundation of the Bhikkhunīsamgha A contribution to the Earliest History of Buddhism Originalbeitrag erschienen in: Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University for the Academic Year 2007, 11 (2008), S. [3]-29 The Foundation of the Bhikkhunisanigha A Contribution to the Earliest History of Buddhism Oskar von HINÜBER The revival of the ordination of nuns in the Theravada tradition is a long-standing issue of much, sometimes heated discussion culminating in a conference on this topic held in Hamburg'. This was an opportunity to reread the Vinaya of this school in order to trace possible obstacles to, or to find opportunities for the renewal of the bhikkhunt ordination. The best way to begin such an investigation seems to be a look back in history, to turn once again to the foundation of order of nuns as related in the Cullavagga of the Theravdda-Vinaya. This well known story is related in the Vinayapitaka in the tenth and last chapter of the Cullavagga that is at the end of the Khandhaka portion followed by two chapters on the first two councils at Rajagaha and VesälT, which may be considered as some sort of appendix treating events after the death of the Buddha. It is equally well known that the structure of the Khandhaka, that is Mandvagga and Cullavagga, is determined by the life story of the Buddha 2 : At the beginning of the text the enlightenment is described. Then follows in natural order the first sermon and the description of the foundation of the bhikkhusarngha, the order of monks, together with all the rules necessary to run the ever-growing Buddhist community. -
Chronology of the Pali Canon Bimala Churn Law, Ph.D., M.A., B.L
Chronology of the Pali Canon Bimala Churn Law, Ph.D., M.A., B.L. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Researchnstitute, Poona, pp.171-201 Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha to the time of Asoka which is as follows:-- 1. The simple statements of Buddhist doctrine now found, in identical words, in paragraphs or verses recurring in all the books. 2. Episodes found, in identical words, in two or more of the existing books. 3. The Silas, the Parayana, the Octades, the Patimokkha. 4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, and Samyutta Nikayas. 5. The Sutta-Nipata, the Thera-and Theri-Gathas, the Udanas, and the Khuddaka Patha. 6. The Sutta Vibhanga, and Khandhkas. 7. The Jatakas and the Dhammapadas. 8. The Niddesa, the Itivuttakas and the Patisambbhida. 9. The Peta and Vimana-Vatthus, the Apadana, the Cariya-Pitaka, and the Buddha-Vamsa. 10. The Abhidhamma books; the last of which is the Katha-Vatthu, and the earliest probably the Puggala-Pannatti. This chronological table of early Buddhist; literature is too catechetical, too cut and dried, and too general to be accepted in spite of its suggestiveness as a sure guide to determination of the chronology of the Pali canonical texts. The Octades and the Patimokkha are mentioned by Rhys Davids as literary compilations representing the third stage in the order of chronology. The Pali title corresponding to his Octades is Atthakavagga, the Book of Eights. The Book of Eights, as we have it in the Mahaniddesa or in the fourth book of the Suttanipata, is composed of sixteen poetical discourses, only four of which, namely, (1.) Guhatthaka, (2) Dutthatthaka. -
Bhutan Trade Statistic 2021 1St Quarter
BHUTAN TRADE STATISTICS (PROVISIONAL) 1st January to 31st March 2021 DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE & CUSTOMS MINISTRY OF FINANCE ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF BHUTAN TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1. Balance of Trade 1.1. Overall Balance of Trade I 1.2. Balance of Trade with India I 1.3. Balance of Trade with Countries other than India I 2. Trade in Electricity I 3. Top Ten Import and Export 3.1 Top Ten Commodities Import II 3.2 Top Ten Commodities Export II 4. Region wise Import and Export III 5. Country wise Import Ranking IV 6. Country wise Export Ranking Order V 7. Abbreviation VI 8. Contact details of BTS focal person VI 9. Appendix :- Appendix I: Import by BTC Section 1-1 Appendix II: Import by BTC Chapter 2-6 Appendix III: Import by BTC Code 7-142 Appendix IV: Export by BTC Section 143-143 Appendix V: Export by BTC Chapter 144-146 Appendix VI: Export by BTC Code 147-164 Appendix VII: Import from Countries other than India by Country and Commodity 165-278 Appendix VIII: Export to Countries other than India by Country and Commodity 279-288 Appendix IX: Export to Countries other than India by Commodity and Country 289-294 1. Balance of Trade 1.1 Overall Balance of Trade Trade Trade excluding Electricity Trade including Electricity Export 19,378.18 19,509.45 Import 8,029.42 9,326.05 Balance (11,348.76) (10,183.40) 1.2 Balance of Trade with India Trade Trade excluding Electricity Trade including Electricity Export 16,563.77 16,695.05 Import 5,410.84 6,707.48 Balance (11,152.93) (9,987.57) 1.3 Balance of the Trade with Countries other than India Trade Trade excluding Electricity Trade including Electricity Export 2,814.41 2,814.41 Import 2,618.58 2,618.58 Balance (195.83) (195.83) 2. -