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REHABILITATION of HERITAGE BUILDINGS: Energetic Retrofit in the Historical District of the Budapest Old Jewish Quarter

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REHABILITATION of HERITAGE BUILDINGS: Energetic Retrofit in the Historical District of the Budapest Old Jewish Quarter REHABILITATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS: Energetic Title Retrofit in the Historical District of the Budapest Old Jewish Quarter Author(s) Sugár, Viktória Citation Issue Date Text Version ETD URL https://doi.org/10.18910/76582 DOI 10.18910/76582 rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University Doctoral Dissertation REHABILITATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS: Energetic Retrofit in the Historical District of the Budapest Old Jewish Quarter Viktória SUGÁR December 2019 Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 21 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC ........................................................................................ 21 1.2 AIM OF RESEARCH .............................................................................................................. 22 1.3 LIMITATIONS OF RESEARCH ......................................................................................... 23 1.4 FRAMEWORK OF STUDY, STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION ............................. 23 2 PART 1: ARCHITECTURE ........................................................................................................... 25 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW, PREVIOUS STUDIES ............................................................ 27 2.2 SHORT HISTORY OF BUDAPEST ................................................................................... 28 2.3 THE TRADITIONAL APARTMENT HOUSE TYPE IN GENERAL ...................... 30 2.4 CASE STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................. 32 2.4.1 Main data ............................................................................................................................ 32 2.4.2 History ................................................................................................................................ 32 2.4.3 Present state ....................................................................................................................... 36 2.5 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STOCK ............................................................ 37 2.5.1 Construction time range ................................................................................................... 37 2.5.2 Utilization of the stock – proportion of functions ....................................................... 38 2.6 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF STOCK: TYPOLOGIES ............................................ 39 2.6.1 Architectural style typology of the apartment buildings .............................................. 39 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.6.2 Geometry typology of the buildings ............................................................................... 55 2.6.3 Structural-material typology ............................................................................................. 56 2.7 CONNECTIONS AND QUANTITATIVE DATA OF TYPOLOGIES .................... 59 2.7.1 Connection between Architectural style and Layout ................................................... 59 2.7.2 Connection between Architectural style and Packages ................................................ 59 2.8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF PART 1 ............................................................. 61 3 PART 2: ENERGY .......................................................................................................................... 64 3.1 BUILDING ENERGETICS IN HUNGARY .................................................................... 66 3.1.1 Hungary’s energy usage .................................................................................................... 66 3.1.2 The ratio of buildings in the energy usage of Hungary ............................................... 66 3.1.3 The climate of Budapest ................................................................................................... 67 3.1.4 Measures for energy efficiency of buildings .................................................................. 67 3.1.5 Question of special buildings ........................................................................................... 68 3.1.6 Building typologies used for energy efficiency surveys ................................................ 69 3.2 THE HUNGARIAN BUILDING ENERGY CALCULATIONS ................................. 72 3.3 ENERGETICS CALCULATION ......................................................................................... 74 3.3.1 Boundary conditions ......................................................................................................... 74 3.3.2 Values analysed .................................................................................................................. 75 3.3.3 Surveyed stock of the case study area ............................................................................ 76 3.3.4 Analysis of stock: results of quantitative and qualitative surveys ............................... 78 3.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF PART 2 ............................................................. 91 4 PART 3: REHABILITATION ....................................................................................................... 94 4.1 PREVIOUS STUDIES AND EXAMPLES ABOUT REFURBISHMENT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS .............................................................................................................. 97 4.1.1 Previous studies of refurbishments ................................................................................ 97 4.1.2 Previous rehabilitations of traditional apartment houses ............................................ 99 4.2 POSSIBLE INTERVENTION TYPES FOR ENERGETIC REFURBISHMENT . 103 4.3 LIMITING FACTORS OF REFURBISHMENT ............................................................ 103 4.3.1 Dense urban fabric .......................................................................................................... 103 4.3.2 Heritage protection guidelines ....................................................................................... 104 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4 COMBINING THE POSSIBILITIES AND THE LIMITATIONS: APPLICABLE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGETIC REFURBISHMENT ................................ 107 4.4.1 Architectural interventions ............................................................................................. 107 4.4.2 Engineering interventions .............................................................................................. 110 4.5 REHABILITATION SCENARIOS – COMBINING POSSIBILITIES ..................... 111 4.5.1 Rehabilitation scenarios for structural upgrade........................................................... 111 4.5.2 Upgrade of heating and domestic hot water system .................................................. 112 4.5.3 Combination of structural and engineering scenarios................................................ 113 4.6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................................... 115 4.6.1 Boundary conditions ....................................................................................................... 115 4.6.2 Effect of the structural scenarios on the energetic values ......................................... 116 4.6.3 Effect of the scenario combinations, change in the total primary energy consumption 118 4.6.4 Optimized energy saving potential ............................................................................... 120 4.6.5 Change in energetic classification and complying to the Nearly Zero energy level 122 4.6.6 Decision support: Estimation of energy saving based on simple data of a building 123 4.7 COST EFFECTIVENESS AND FINANCING OPTIONS ......................................... 124 4.7.1 Factors hindering refurbishments ................................................................................. 124 4.7.2 Aspects and renovation scenarios surveyed ................................................................ 124 4.7.3 Costs and returns of a refurbishment ........................................................................... 125 4.7.4 Calculations and results .................................................................................................. 125 4.7.5 Possible funding of the refurbishment ......................................................................... 126 4.7.6 Further sources to support refurbishments ................................................................. 127 4.8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS OF PART 3 ........................................................... 129 5 GENERAL SUMMARY AND MAIN RESULTS OF THE DISSERTATION ............... 132 6 RELATED PUBLICATIONS ..................................................................................................... 138 7 APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................................... 145 7.1 APPENDIX A ......................................................................................................................... 146 7.2 APPENDIX B ......................................................................................................................... 147 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7.3 APPENDIX C ......................................................................................................................... 148 7.4
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