DOCSLIB.ORG

2007 Federal Register, 72 FR 37695; Centralized Library: U.S. Fish And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2007 Federal Register, 72 FR 37695; Centralized Library: U.S. Fish And Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 132 / Wednesday, July 11, 2007 / Proposed Rules 37695 action that affects the status of a ACTION: Notice of 90-day petition SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: If you geographical area and does not impose finding and initiation of status review. submit information or comments, please any new requirements on sources. Thus, include ‘‘Attn: Penguins’’ in the the requirements of section 12(d) of the SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and beginning of your message. Electronic National Technology Transfer and Wildlife Service (Service), announce a attachments in standard formats (such Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 90-day finding on a petition to list 12 as .pdf or .doc) are acceptable, but 272 note) do not apply. As required by penguin species: emperor penguin please name the software necessary to section 3 of Executive Order 12988 (61 (Aptenodytes forsteri), southern open any attachments in formats other FR 4729, February 7, 1996), in issuing rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes than those given above. Also, please this proposed rule, EPA has taken the chrysocome), northern rockhopper include your name and return address necessary steps to eliminate drafting penguin (Eudyptes moseleyi (E. in your e-mail message. If you do not errors and ambiguity, minimize chrysocome moseleyi)), fiordland receive a confirmation from the system potential litigation, and provide a clear crested penguin (Eudyptes that we have received your e-mail legal standard for affected conduct. EPA pachyrhynchus), snares crested penguin message, please submit your comments has complied with Executive Order (Eudyptes robustus), erect-crested in writing using one of the alternate 12630 (53 FR 8859, March 15, 1988) by penguin (Eudyptes sclateri), macaroni methods described above. examining the takings implications of penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus), royal Public Comments Solicited the rule in accordance with the penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli), white- ‘‘Attorney General’s Supplemental flippered penguin (Eudyptula We intend that any final action Guidelines for the Evaluation of Risk albosignata (E. minor albosignata)), resulting from this status review will be and Avoidance of Unanticipated yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes as accurate and as effective as possible. Takings’ issued under the executive antipodes), African penguin Therefore, we solicit comments or order. (Spheniscus demersus), and Humboldt suggestions from the public, concerned This rule proposing to approve the penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) as governmental agencies, the scientific redesignation of the Pittsburgh Area to threatened or endangered under the community, industry, or any other attainment for the 8-hour ozone Endangered Species Act of 1973, as interested party. We are opening a 60- NAAQS, the associated maintenance amended (Act). We find that the petition day public comment period to allow all plan, the 2002 base year inventory, and presents substantial scientific or interested parties an opportunity to the MVEBs identified in the commercial information indicating that provide information on the statuses of maintenance plan, does not impose an listing 10 species of penguins may be 10 species of penguins: emperor information collection burden under the warranted. We, therefore, are initiating penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), southern provisions of the Paperwork Reduction a status review of 10 species of penguins rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). to determine if listing under the Act is chrysocome), northern rockhopper warranted. To ensure that the status penguin (Eudyptes moseleyi (E. List of Subjects review is comprehensive, we are chrysocome moseleyi)), fiordland 40 CFR Part 52 soliciting scientific and commercial crested penguin (Eudyptes information regarding these species. We Environmental protection, Air pachyrhynchus), erect-crested penguin find the petition does not provide pollution control, Nitrogen dioxides, (Eudyptes sclateri), macaroni penguin substantial scientific or commercial Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping (Eudyptes chrysolophus), white- information indicating that listing of requirements, Volatile organic flippered penguin (Eudyptula two species may be warranted: snares compounds. albosignata (E. minor albosignata)), crested penguin and royal penguin. yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes 40 CFR Part 81 Therefore, we will not be initiating a antipodes), African penguin Air pollution control, National parks, status review for these two species in (Spheniscus demersus), and Humboldt Wilderness areas. response to this petition. However, we penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) ask the public to submit to us any new throughout their range, including: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. information that becomes available (1) Information on taxonomy, Dated: June 28, 2007. concerning the status of these two distribution, habitat selection and W.C. Early, species or threats to them or their trends (especially breeding and foraging Acting Regional Administrator. habitat at any time. habitats), diet, and population [FR Doc. 07–3325 Filed 7–10–07; 8:45 am] DATES: We must receive your comments abundance and trends (especially BILLING CODE 6560–50–P on or before September 10, 2007. current recruitment data) on these species; ADDRESSES: Submit any comments, (2) Information on the effects of information, and questions by any one climate change and changing ocean or DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR of the following methods: By mail to the land or sea ice conditions on the Special Assistant to the Deputy distribution and abundance of these Fish and Wildlife Service Assistant Director, International Affairs, species and their principal prey species U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. over the short and long term (especially 50 CFR Part 17 Fairfax Drive, Room 760, Arlington, VA information on known prey 22203; by fax to 703–358–2276; by e- substitutions, and what their effects Endangered and Threatened Wildlife mail to [email protected]; or and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a would be on these species); through the Federal eRulemaking Portal (3) Information on the effects of other Petition to List 12 Penguin Species as at www.regulations.gov. Threatened or Endangered under the potential threat factors, including Endangered Species Act FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. commercial fishing activities, Peter O. Thomas at the above address, contaminants, habitat loss, harvest, AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, or by telephone, 703–358–1708; or e- predation by other animals, and Interior. mail, [email protected]. diseases of these species or their VerDate Aug<31>2005 15:24 Jul 10, 2007 Jkt 211001 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\11JYP1.SGM 11JYP1 cprice-sewell on PROD1PC72 with PROPOSALS 37696 Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 132 / Wednesday, July 11, 2007 / Proposed Rules principal prey over the short and long Zealand, Peru, South Africa, and United statement in the Action Plan that term; Kingdom Territory Islands. The petition, ‘‘possibly the population is stable or has (4) Information on management which was clearly identified as such, increased slightly since the 1960s.’’ As programs for penguin conservation, contains detailed information on the quoted in the petition, the action plan including mitigation measures related to natural history, biology, status, and cites no human disturbance of colonies conservation programs, fisheries distribution of each of the 12 species. It and no records of snares crested management, and any other private, also contains information on what the penguins being caught in trawl nets, as tribal, or governmental conservation petitioner reported as potential threats well as the absence of introduced programs which benefit these species; to the species from climate change and mammalian predators on the Snares and changes to the marine environment, Islands. Unlike some of the other (5) Information relevant to whether commercial fishing activities, penguin species included in the any populations of the species may contaminants and pollution, guano petition, competition with fisheries for qualify as distinct population segments. extraction, habitat loss, hunting, prey species has not been documented We will base our finding on a review nonnative predator species, and other for this species. The petitioner reports of the best scientific and commercial factors. The petition also discusses that the greatest threat to this species is information available, including all existing regulatory mechanisms and the reduced prey availability due to information received during the public perceived inadequacies to protect these changing ocean conditions; however, comment period. species. specific data to support this are not We have determined that the petition Public Availability of Comments provided. Citations in the petition on presents substantial scientific or possible specific or general impacts of Before including your address, phone commercial information to indicate that climate change on penguins at various number, e-mail address, or other listing 10 species of penguins as Antarctic and sub-Antarctic latitudes do personal identifying information in your endangered or threatened may be not mention the snares crested penguin, comment, you should be aware that warranted: emperor penguin, southern yet the petitioners assert the species will your entire comment—including your rockhopper penguin, northern be affected on the basis of inferred personal identifying information—may rockhopper penguin, fiordland crested similarity with
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Rockhopper X Royal Penguin Hybrid from Macquarie Island
    VOL. 11 (2) JUNE 1985 35 AUSTRALlAN BIRD WATCHER 1985. II. 35-45 A Rockhopper x Royal Penguin Hybrid from Macquarie Island By KN.G. SIMPSON, Science Department, Victoria College - Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria 3125* Summary A specimen of Eudyptes penguin (Spheniscidae: Aves) originally collected in 1957 from North Head, Macquarie Island, after being identified as a Snares Penguin Eudyptes robustus Oliver 1953, has been re-identified as a hybrid between the Rockhopper Penguin E. chrysocome filholi Hutton 1878 and the Royal Penguin E. chrysolophus schlege/i Finsch 1876. Some facial identification features are discussed. Introduction AEudyptes penguin skin in the collections of the Museum of Victoria (MV) has a somewhat chequered history of identification and is festooned with labels and amendment tags. B7313, an adult female, was originally M/57 /B/111 collected by M. P. Hines under the auspices of Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) on 3 November 1957, in the North Head Rockhopper/Royal Penguin colony, Macquarie Island. It was identified in the field as a Snares Penguin Eudyptes robustus. Another penguin of generally similar appearance, MY B7312, was also collected during 1957. B7313 certainly (possibly B7312 as well), was submitted to the late Dr (Sir) R. A Falla in New Zealand for confirmation of identification, and published by Keith & Hines (1958). B7312, collected on 17 March 1957 after completing its moult, does meet all of the identifiable characters of E. robustus and I accept it as such. One earlier record of Snares Penguin at Macquarie Island was on 5 February 1950 [Gwynn (1953) - see his plate facing p.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Threatens Penguins
    SEPTEMBER 2009 Climate Change Threatens Penguins By: Shaye Wolf Penguins are not just found in •11 of 18 penguin species are Antarctica declining and considered an Penguins—waddling wonders of extinction risk the Southern Hemisphere Although penguins are commonly associated with Antarctica, penguins •Two species are considered Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, are found in a variety of habitats stable. family Spheniscidae) are flightless in the Southern Hemisphere. seabirds found almost entirely in Eighteen different penguin species •The population status of the the Southern Hemisphere. Although inhabit areas from Antarctica to the remaining five is unknown. their wings have become useless for Equator. They can be divided into Studies have linked climate change flight, they have become superbly three groups: to past, ongoing, and projected adapted to swimming and diving. population declines of many For example, Gentoo penguins •Four penguin species breed in Antarctica and/or the Antarctic penguin species. Because penguins can swim up to 35 km per hour— live in different ocean habitats of compared with 9 km per hour for islands: the Emperor, Adélie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguin. the Southern Hemisphere, climate the fastest Olympic swimmer. change affects penguins in these Emperor penguins can dive to •Most penguin species breed on regions in different ways. depths of more than 520 m to find islands in the sub-Antarctic waters food—deeper than any other bird. of the Southern Ocean (a.k.a. How is climate change affecting Penguins must return to land or sea Antarctic Ocean), the South Atlantic Antarctic penguins? ice to rear their young, however, Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean, and they are renowned for their The Antarctic continent is warming and the Southern Indian Ocean: as a whole,1 but the Antarctic feats of endurance as parents.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand
    Notornis, 2001, Vol. 48: 1-40 0029-4470 0 The Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. 2001 Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand COLIN M. MISKELLY Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Current address: Wellington Conservancy, Department of Conservation, PO. Box 5086, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] PAUL M. SAGAR National Institute of Water &Atmospheric Research, PO. Box 8602, Christchurch ALAN J.D. TENNYSON Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO. Box 467, Wellington R. PAUL SCOFIELD Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO. Box 56, Dunedin Abstract Bird records from the Snares Islands between Dec 1982 and Oct 2000 are summarised. Population estimates and distributions are given for the 29 breeding species. Bird species recorded breeding on the Snares Is for the first time since 1982 were southern black-browed albatross (Diomedea melanophtys), Chatham Island albatross (D. eremita), mallard (Anasplatyrhynchos), southern black-backed gull (Larus dominicanus), fantail (Rhipidura Juliginosa), and starling (Sturnus vulyaris). Fantails are now abundant on the Snares Is. Published work on the breeding chronology and breeding success of 8 intensively studied species is summarised, and new information on breeding ecology is presented for all breeding species. Sighting of 70 non-breeding and vagrant species are summarised;34 of these were new records from the Snares Is since 1980. The total bird list for the Snares Is is now 99 species, with a further 8 species reported from boats offshore. Miskelly, C.M.; Sagar, EM.; Tennyson, A.J.D;Scofield, R.l? 2001. Birds of the Snares Islands, New Zealand.Notornis 48(1): 1-40.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species Research 39:293
    Vol. 39: 293–302, 2019 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published August 22 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00970 Endang Species Res OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Sexual and geographic dimorphism in northern rockhopper penguins breeding in the South Atlantic Ocean Antje Steinfurth1,2,*,**, Jenny M. Booth3,**, Jeff White4, Alexander L. Bond5,6, Christopher D. McQuaid3 1FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa 2RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3QZ, UK 3Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 4Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA 5RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK 6Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, UK ABSTRACT: The Endangered northern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes moseleyi, like all pen- guins, is monomorphic, making sex determination of individuals in the field challenging. We examined the degree of sexual size dimorphism of adult birds across the species’ breeding range in the Atlantic Ocean and developed discriminant functions (DF) to predict individuals’ sex using morphometric measurements. We found significant site-specific differences in both bill length and bill depth, with males being the larger sex on each island. Across all islands, bill length contri - buted 78% to dissimilarity between sexes. Penguins on Gough Island had significantly longer bills, whilst those from Tristan da Cunha had the deepest. Island-specific DFs correctly classified 82−94% of individuals, and all functions performed significantly better than chance.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Isabellinism in Penguins
    Notornis, 2003, Vol. 50: 43-51 0029-4470 O The Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Inc. 2003 SHORT NOTE A review of isabellinism in penguins DAVID A. EVERITT Lake Tuggeranong College, P.O. Box 1188, Tuggeranong, ACT 2901, Australia [email protected] COLIN M. MISKELLY Wellington Conservancy, Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 5086, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] Isabellinism is a term used for a form of partial Hendrickson 1987). However, this derivation albinism, where a uniform lightening of is refuted in the Shorter Oxford dictionary (Onions pigmentation results in a greyish-yellow 1973). coloration instead of black. The 6th edition of The Isabellinism has, to our knowledge, been concise Oxford dictionary (Sykes 1978) defines observed in 12 of the 17 species of penguin from Isabella (noun) as "Greyish yellow; hence 5 of the 6 genera: king penguin (Aptenodytes isabelline". Some authors (e.g., Sage 1962; Schlatter patagonica); yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes 1977; Forrest & Naveen 2000) have used the term antipodes) (Plate 1A); Addie penguin (Pygoscelis leucistic to describe birds with very pale or adelie) (Plate 1B); gentoo penguin (P. papua) washed-out plumage; we here assume leucistic to (Plate lC, ID); chinstrap penguin (P. antarctica); be svnonvmous, , with isabelline. As leucistic Snares crested penguin (Eudyptes robustus) (Plate implies white or colourless, we suggest that 2A); macaroni penguin (E. chrysolophus); royal isabelline is a more appropriate term for birds with penguin (E. schlegeli) (Plate 2B); rockhopper this "faded" plumage. Here, we refer to all penguin (E. chrysocome); Magellanic penguin penguins previously described as leucistic or with (Spheniscus magellanicus) (Plate 2C); Humboldt diluted dorsal pigmentation as isabelline.
    [Show full text]
  • Kooyman Et Al: Foraging Patterns of Penguins
    Kooyman et al: Foraging patterns of Penguins https://www.internationalornithology.org/PROCEEDINGS_Durban/S... In: Adams, N.J. (et al): Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress 1998, pp 2021-2039 (1999) S34.2: Foraging patterns of polar penguins G. Kooyman1, C. Hull2, O. Olsson3, G. Robertson4, J. Croxall5 & L. Davis6 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0204 USA , fax 619 534 1305, e-mail [email protected]; 2University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia; 3University of Uppsala, Sweden; 4Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston 7050, Tasmania, Australia; 5British Antarctic Survey, Madinghay Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; 6University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Kooyman, G., Hull, C., Olsson, O., Robertson, G., Croxall, J. & Davis, L. 1999. Foraging patterns of polar penguins. In: Adams, N.J. & Slotow, R.H. (eds) Proc. 22 Int. Ornithol. Congr., Durban: 2021-2039. Johannesburg: BirdLife South Africa. Sub-antarctic and polar penguins have revealed important differences in the distances travelled to foraging areas, the physical and biological characteristics of foraging areas, and foraging patterns. Differences are associated with preferred prey and its abundance. Data were acquired using satellite transmitters and time/depth recorders, the former giving location and rates of travel, the latter diving depths and patterns. Distinctions between travel and feeding dives help to assess foraging success. Data were matched to satellite imagery for determination of sea surface conditions. Sub-antarctic penguins travel further than polar penguins, feed near the Antarctic polar front, and are primarily diurnal feeders. Polar species feed at edges of coastal ice, pack ice, and polynyas. Most locations are neritic.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text in Pdf Format
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 153: 217-228,1997 Published July 10 Mar Ecol Prog Ser l Foraging zones of royal penguins during the breeding season, and their association with oceanographic features Cindy L. H~ll'~',Mark A. Hindell', Kelvin Michae12 'Zoology Department, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C. Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia *Antarctic CRC and Institute of Southern Ocean and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania. GPO Box 252-77, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia ABSTRACT: Satellite transmitters were deployed on breeding royal penguins at Macquarie Island dur- ing 4 stages (first male foraging trip during incubation, n = 2; first female foraging trip during incuba- tion, n = 3; guard, n = 4; and early creche. n = 1) of the 1994/5 and 1995/6 breeding seasons. From these data, foraging zones, oceanographic features of the zones, and travelling behaviours were determined. Foraging trip length, area of foraging zone, and distance travelled were strongly correlated, and were greatest during incubation. The estimated rate of travel (mean velocity) was constant across individu- als and stages In the breeding season. No diurnal patterns in rates of travel were detected, nor any pat- terns on different days of a foraging trip. A meander coefficient (the degree of linear travel, to give an indication of foraging activity) was constant between stages in the breeding season, and day of the for- aging trip. but was greater from 07:OO to 18100 h, suggesting increased foraging activity. Foraging dur- ing all stages of the breeding season was offshore, in deep water (greater than 2000 m) and in the polar frontal zone.
    [Show full text]
  • 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List 12 Penguin Species As
    Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 132 / Wednesday, July 11, 2007 / Proposed Rules 37695 action that affects the status of a ACTION: Notice of 90-day petition SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: If you geographical area and does not impose finding and initiation of status review. submit information or comments, please any new requirements on sources. Thus, include ‘‘Attn: Penguins’’ in the the requirements of section 12(d) of the SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and beginning of your message. Electronic National Technology Transfer and Wildlife Service (Service), announce a attachments in standard formats (such Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 90-day finding on a petition to list 12 as .pdf or .doc) are acceptable, but 272 note) do not apply. As required by penguin species: emperor penguin please name the software necessary to section 3 of Executive Order 12988 (61 (Aptenodytes forsteri), southern open any attachments in formats other FR 4729, February 7, 1996), in issuing rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes than those given above. Also, please this proposed rule, EPA has taken the chrysocome), northern rockhopper include your name and return address necessary steps to eliminate drafting penguin (Eudyptes moseleyi (E. in your e-mail message. If you do not errors and ambiguity, minimize chrysocome moseleyi)), fiordland receive a confirmation from the system potential litigation, and provide a clear crested penguin (Eudyptes that we have received your e-mail legal standard for affected conduct. EPA pachyrhynchus), snares crested penguin message, please submit your comments has complied with Executive Order (Eudyptes robustus), erect-crested in writing using one of the alternate 12630 (53 FR 8859, March 15, 1988) by penguin (Eudyptes sclateri), macaroni methods described above.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Antarctic Penguins 2018 Report
    STATE OF ANTARCTIC PENGUINS 2018 STATE OF ANTARCTIC PENGUINS 2018 ABSTRACT other information about Antarctic penguins, integrating This report comprehensively summarizes the status — expert biological field surveys, satellite imagery analyses population size and population trends — of Antarctica’s and citizen science. five penguin species, continent-wide and in key regions. These species total at least 6.1 million breeding pairs Our goal is to keep everyone fully apprised of the latest, nesting at 661 or more sites across the entire Antarctic most accurate population data about Antarctic penguins continent. This report uses the most current scientific — both continent-wide and regionally—, and trends in data, including 3,617 records from 108 sources of on- such numbers. Additionally, we will note key references the-ground colony counts and satellite photo analyses. and report on the latest scientific papers and publications We continue to closely track the notable changes in relating to Antarctica’s five breeding species of penguins. the Antarctic Peninsula, which has undergone a well- documented period of warming over the last six decades. While work on MAPPPD’s predictive trend models There, we have noted Adélie and chinstrap declines and continues, MAPPPD is currently using a population gentoo increases; however, there are indications that dynamics model recently published and described in the warming trend has leveled off in recent years with a Che-Castaldo et al. (2017). This model was developed concomitant stabilization of some Adélie populations. Our for Adélie penguins and is being fine-tuned for use with report relies on Oceanites’ open access, publicly available chinstrap and gentoo penguins as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximum Diving Depths of Northern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes Chrysocome Moseleyi ) at Amsterdam Island
    Polar Biol (1997) 17: 119Ð122 ( Springer-Verlag 1997 ORIGINAL PAPER Yann Tremblay á Eric Guinard á Yves Cherel Maximum diving depths of northern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi ) at Amsterdam Island Received: 10 January 1996/Accepted: 31 March 1996 Abstract The mean maximum dive depth from 49 preying upon pelagic crustaceans during reproduction foraging bouts by northern rockhopper penguins, (Cooper et al. 1990). The limited information available measured using capillary-tube depth gauges, was on the northern rockhopper penguin at Gough Island 66$4 m (12Ð168 m). There were no di¤erences in the (40¡20@S; 09¡54@W) indicates that it preys mainly on maximum dive depths between male and female pen- crustaceans ('90% by mass), like its southern relative, guins. Northern rockhopper penguins dived deeper in while fish and squid are minor components of the diet early than in late creche stages (83$7vs57$4 m), (Klages et al. 1988). In the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and this was associated with probable dietary changes, northern rockhopper penguins breed on volcanic is- squid dominating the diet by mass (44%) in November, lands devoid of periinsular shelf. They are consequently and fish (64%) in December 1994 at Amsterdam Island. obligatory oceanic foragers, a unique feature among crested penguins during breeding. This paper reports the first data on maximum diving Introduction depths attained by northern rockhopper penguins while rearing chicks. Sexual and temporal di¤erences in Crested penguins (genus Eudyptes) are the most numer- diving depths were investigated in male and female ous penguins, both by number of individuals and num- penguins during the early and late creche stages.
    [Show full text]
  • An Apparent Hybrid Royal X Rockhopper Penguin at Macquarie Island
    VOL. 18 (3) SEP'IEMBER 1999 95 AUSTRALIAN BIRD WATCHER 1999, 18, 95-100 An Apparent Hybrid Royal x Rockhopper Penguin at Macquarie Island by CINDY L. HULV and ALAN WILTSHIRE2 1 Zoology Department, University of Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 (present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6) 2 Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment & Land Management, G.P.O. Box 99A, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 (present address: P.O. Box 3061, Launceston Delivery Centre, Tasmania 7250) Summary Several species of Eudyptes penguins breed in large, mixed colonies on subantarctic islands. However, interbreeding between species has rarely been recorded. This paper provides details of a possible hybrid Royal x Rockhopper Penguin on Macquarie Island, and summarises published records of hybrids and mixed pairs on Macquarie Island and elsewhere. Introduction There are six species of crested penguins Eudyptes and, at a number of locations, some species breed sympatrically (Warham 1975). Two species of crested penguins, the Royal Eudyptes schlegeli and Rockhopper E. chrysocome Penguin, breed sympatrically on Macquarie Island (54°33'S, 158°54'E ), where there are six mixed colonies of Royal and Rockhopper Penguins (Simpson 1985). An apparent hybrid Royal x Rockhopper Penguin (Plates 23-24) was observed on Macquarie Island in late October 1994. At that time of year, both species had returned to the island to breed after their winter departure. By the end of October, Royal Penguins had laid two eggs (the smaller~ egg', laid first, and the larger 'B egg') and were incubating, while Rockhopper Penguins were preparing to lay (Hull 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • A Royal Penguin Eudyptes Schlegeli in the Falkland Islands?
    Dehnhard et al.: Royal Penguin in the Falkland Islands 95 A ROYAL PENGUIN EUDYPTES SCHLEGELI IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS? NINA DEHNHARD1, KATRIN LUDYNIA1,2, ANA ALMEIDA3 1Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany ([email protected]) 2Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa 3Eco-Ethology Research Unit, ISPA, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal Received 19 October 2011, accepted 20 June 2012 SUMMARY DEHNHARD, N., LUDYNIA, K. & ALMEIDA, A. 2012. A Royal Penguin Eudyptes schlegeli in the Falkland Islands? Marine Ornithology 40: 95–98. The Royal Penguin Eudyptes schlegeli breeds only on Australia’s Macquarie Island and its nearby islets, about 1 200 km southwest of New Zealand. Vagrant Royal Penguins have been reported elsewhere in Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. Reports of Royal Penguins from other subantarctic islands, including Heard, Prince Edward and Marion Islands, South Georgia and the Falkland Islands are controversial, as these penguins could also be aberrant Macaroni Penguins E. chrysolophus, and species determination can be difficult because of high variation in facial colour in both species. We discuss here the recent sighting of an apparent immature Royal Penguin on New Island, Falkland Islands. A simultaneously visiting adult male Macaroni Penguin allowed a size comparison between the two individuals. This could be the first documented sighting of a vagrant Royal Penguin in the Neotropical region. Key words: Royal Penguin, Macaroni Penguin, body size, facial coloration, Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas INTRODUCTION anterior, fibrous-textured, yellowish-golden and black superciliary stripe crest feathers meet on the forehead (Williams 1995).
    [Show full text]