2 HEREFORDSHIRE. [KELLY'S wardine, in Lngwardine; meend, nash, batch and bage (not The Dore flows through a district called the Golden Valley bach), as in Mowbage; tree, or trey ; pole, as in Yarpole. by Dorston, Peterchurch, Turnaston, Abbey Dore, to Ken­ Scarce words are scar, thorne, horne, worth, some, stow, derchurch and Pontrilas, where it joins the Monnow. by, stoke, how, stay, lynch, sitch, chart, holt, hurst, marsh, The Tame forms the north-east boundary of the county, pitch, head, water, dine, acre, eye. dividing it from Worcestershire. The Escley Brook runs by Michaelchurch Eskley, Longtown and Clodock, to the There is The Folly at Orleto and Eardisland, and in some Monnow. other places; but the name is not so common as in some other shires. The railways are chiefly branches of the Great Western system, but include also the Midland, Neath and Brecon, There is a Cockshoot or Cockshut at Dewchurch, Down, The Golden Valley, and a joint line of the London and A.bbey Dore and Putley; at Orcop, is Cockshed Wood. North Western and Great Western railways, this latter Much is used for great in many names, as, Much Birch, starting from Hereford runs north to Leominster and on to Much Dewchurch, Much Marcle &c. Shrewsbury, from this line runs a branch of the Great By is found only in three or four names. Stow, stoke Western from Woolferton in the north of the county, east­ QJ,ld worth are rarer here than in the south-west. There is ward to Tenbury and Bewdley; and a little south of this no wich, and about ten wicks. There are many Hamptons. line, another branch goes eastward from Leominster t() Steensbridge, and westward to Titley, whence it continues Burnthouse is not very common. to Kington, and new Radnor sending branches north to Many places end in son, as in Wyson, Catson, Lewson &c. Presteigne, and south to Bardisley, and here it connects There is a Furlong at Richard's Castle and Little Hereford with the Midland, Neath and Brecon railway (a line from and Hound's Furlong at Middleton. Hereford to Hay, Brecon, &0.). The Golden Valley railway leaves Hay for Pontrilas, where it meets the Great Western Peculiar names are Mileshiggins, Pennyplock, Stricksten­ branch from Hereford to Abergavenny, and from Hereford ning, Scatterbrain, Bargeains, Chilsons Orts, The Stitches, there are two other branches of the Great Western, one Hodghatch, Goodshop, Queestmoor, Quell, The Queach, The south-west to Ross, and thence to Gloucester and Mon­ Quob, The Yeld, Yare, The Wytch, The Plock, The Slade, mouth; the other east to Ledbury and to Worcester, while Sough, Slatch, Turningways, Twizling, Coldmanhill. from Worcester a branch runs to Bromyard, and this will Hall and house are common enough names for dwellings, ultimately• be continued to meet the Leominster branch at and among the latter names are barton, manor, court, SteeDSbridge. grange. Herefordshire is in the Oxford circuit. The assizes and Of the Normans there are remains in Hereford cathedral, quarter sessions are held at Hereford. County courts are the splendid chancel arches of Shobdon, Kilpeck, Leominster held at Hereford, Leominster, Ross, Kington, Bromyard and and Abbey Dore churches. Ledbury; the county contains 257 civil parishes and parts Herefordshire being a frontier county and within the of 3 others; has one court of quarter sessions, and is divided marches of Wales, there are considerable interesting remains into II petty sessional divisions. of castles and fortified houses, as Brampton Bryan, Bransil, For ecclesiastical purposes the shire is within the province • Goodrich, Longtown, Pembridge, Snodhill, Wigmore, Clif­ of Canterbury and diocese of Hereford, and is divided into the ford and Wilton Castles. Among fortified houses may be archdeaconries of Hereford and Ludlow. Hereford archdea­ mentioned Stepleton, Urishay, Eardisley, Kinnersley, and conry is subdivided into the rural deaneries of Al'denfield, many others. Frome, north and south divisions, Hereford, Leominster The shire is mostly hilly, watered by small bill streams (two divisions), Ro's, Weobley (one and two divisIOns), and subject to floods, and having for its chief watercourse the Weston. Ludlow archdeaconry is subdivided into the rural Wye, which is partly navigable for barges. deaneries of Clun, Ludlow, l'ontesbury, and parts of Stot­ tesden, Hridgnorth and WeDlock (two 4ivisions). sandsto~e Herefordshire belongs mostly to the old red The number of townships for poor law purposes under formation, and the soil is principally a deep, heavy, red the name of townships and parishes is 275 or rather more loam, changing to clay or gravel. than two square miles in a township. The number of town­ The minerals include limestone, sandstone and other ships for highway and manorial purposes is about 380. building stones, which are not much wrought. The population within the parliamentary bounds of the This shire is well known for its breed of oxen, and many city of Hereford is 20,267, including seven parishes in the horses are also bred. Timber is much grown, and the oak city and three in the op.t-liberties. The municipal borough is good; the mistletoe abounds on orchard and other trees. of Leominster has a population of 5,675. The other towns The orchards yield good cider and perry. Among the crops are Ledbury, with 4,303 people; Ross, with 4,897; Weob­ are wheat, barley, clover, vetches and turnips; hops are lay, 804; Bromyard, 1,460; Kington, 2,086; and Pem­ very largely grown inthis county. bridge, 1,129. The manufacturing operations of Herefordshire are small. The Registration districts are :- Brewing and malting are carried on. The mechanics are mostly engaged in the timber trade, carpenters, masons, smiths, tanners, skinners &c. No. Name. Area. Except by means of the Wye to Chepstow and the Bristol Channel, Herefordshire is wanting in water communication. - The Wye, rising in the mountains of Wales; enters the county near Clifford, on its western boundary, and flows by 337 Ledbury •••••••••••• 5°,767 12,613 Whitney, Bredwardine, Brobury, Preston-on-Wye, Byford, 338 Ross ................". 58,088 15,7°8 Bridge Solers, Hereford, Mordiford (where it receives the 339 Hereford ............ 146,266 41,874 unitedwaters of the Lugg and Frome rivers), Holme Lacy, 34° Weobley •••••••••••• 49,728 7,406 Fownhope, Sellack, Fawley .Chapel, Ross, Goodrich and 341 Bromyard............ 63,247 10,562 Whitchurch, where it soon after leaves the county, passing 342 Leominster ......... 66,409 13,796 by Monmouth and Chepstow to the Severn. 343 Kington • ••••••••••• 101,341 II,387 The Lugg flows by Aymestrey, Leominster, Ford, Boden­ - - - , 'I t - ham, Marden, Moreton-upon-Lugg, Lugwardine, Hampton­ Hishop and Mordiford, where, after receiving the waters of The following list gives the several poor law unions. with the Frome, it joins the Wye; the Arrow flows by Kington the parishes in each. and Pembridge to the Lugg below Leominster. Br'lmyard Union. The Pinsley brook rises near Shobdon, flows through Kingsland, and joins the Lugg at Leominster. ActonBeauchamp(Worcester)Hampton Charles The Frome arises from the confluence of several brooks Avenbury Linton near Bromyard, whence it flows by Avenbury and Bishop's Bishop's Frome Little Cowarne Frome, Canon Frome, Yarkhill and Weston Heggard, to Bredenbury or Bridenbury Lower Brockhampton Hampton, where it joins the Lugg. Bromyard LowerSapey or SapeyPrichard The one Leadon rises in Little Cowarne, and runs by Collington (Worcester) Much Cowarne to the,Frome at Yarkhill; the other Leadon Cradley Morton Jefferies flows by Bosbury, through Ledbury, to Gloucestershire. Edvin Loach (Worcester) Much Cowarne Edvin Ralph Norton with Brockhampton The Garron rises in Orcop, and thence flows through Llan­ Evesbatch Ocle Pychard garron and Marston into the Wye. Feltoll Pencombe The Monnow divides this county from l\Ionmoutb on the Grendon Bishop Saltmarsh south-west. Grendon Warren Stanford Bishop.