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LATEX Pour Les Débutants Sous Macos X LATEX pour les débutants sous MacOS X Paul SALORT - Jim 9 juin 2003 Remerciements Je remercie chaleureusement Julien SALORT et Benoit RIVET pour leur aide précieuse pour la rédaction de ce petit opuscule. Une page plus complète sur LATEX peut être consultée ici : http://jim.fcsm.free.fr/LaTeX.html I Préambule 1. Lorsque j’ai décidé d’utiliser LATEX pour la première fois, j’ai recherché sur le web quelles pouvaient être les sources de documentation pour un débutant. J’ai trouvé pas mal de ma- nuels d’initiation, dont quelques uns étaient rédigés ou traduits en français. – « Une Courte Introduction à LATEX 2e » traduit par Matthieu Herrb 1 – « Joli manuel pour LATEX 2e, Guide local de l’ESIEE » par Benjamin Bayart 2 – « Apprends LATEX ! » ouvrage de l’ENSTA par Marc Baudouin – « Guide d’introduction au traitement de textes LATEX » par Frédéric Geraerds La plupart de ces ouvrages sont de qualité, mais supposent des pré-requis que je ne possé- dais pas, ils sont tous rédigés par des unixiens plus habitués à la ligne de commande qu’à la simplicité d’un logiciel pour élaborer des documents LATEX . Ils ne m’ont donc pas permis de progresser à mon rythme, c’est aussi la raison de ce petit opuscule. 2. Utilisant un MacIntosh, je souhaitais également disposer d’un outil en GUI 3 sous MacOS X. Plusieurs outils étaient disponibles : – BBEdit Lite distribué par Bare Bones Software, Inc et disponible en téléchargement à l’adresse http://www.barebones.com/products/bblite/index.shtml – jedit, un programme OpenSource en java, disponible en téléchargement à l’adresse http: //www.jedit.org/index.php?page=download. Logiciel sans outils LaTeX à proprement parlé, sinon indentation et mise en gras des commandes. – Enhanced Carbon Emacs - 2.1 qui est une version carbonisée du logiciel emacs. Cette version carbonisée est téléchargeable ici : http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/∼franconi/enhanced-carbon-emacs/ – iTeXMac. Excellent logiciel de Jérôme Laurens aux multiples fonctionnalités, téléchar- geable ici : http://itexmac.sourceforge.net/Download.html. – TeXShop. Très bon logiciel téléchargeable ici : http://www.uoregon.edu/∼koch/texshop/texshop. html – OzTeX, portage du soft développé par Donald Knuth téléchargeable ici : http://www.trevorrow. com/oztex/index.html#download. Ce partagiciel a été développé par Andrew Trevorrow On peut également citer trois éditeurs qui peuvent être assimilés à du wysiwyg4 – Le projet Lyx propose une interface wygiwyg pour LaTeX.. mais LyX n’est pas disponible sous Aqua, il ne tourne que sous X115. Une mini-présentation peut être consultée sur la page http://cbenz.tuxfamily.org/livre_GNU_Linux/livre_GNU_Linux/node134.html#sec:logiciels_ cr__233_ation_doc ou encore en téléchargeant l’excellent tutoriel de Benoît Le Rohellec à l’adresse http://www.abul.org/conferences/LyX_DocBook/Lyx-DocBook-HOWTO.pdf 1Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs En Electrotechnique et Electronique 2l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Techniques Avancées 3Graphical User Interface 4What You See Is What You Get 5Une copie d’écran est disponible ici : http://jim.fcsm.free.fr/Diaporama/Html/5.htm II – Scientifist Assistant 6. La clé d’évaluation de ce logiciel coûte 129 dollars. – Le projet TexMacs http://www.texmacs.org/ Le meilleur à mes yeux, pour le débutant que j’étais, était iTeXMac. J’en appréciais les ou- tils d’aide à la saisie comme la palette d’outils très complète dans la version 1.2.6 (version instable) que je testais, et le fractionnement possible de l’Editeur LaTeX, très pratique. Une version stable notée 1.2d1 était disponible. De plus, « une mailing list » permettait de dis- cuter directement avec son auteur Dans tout ce qui suivra, n’importe quel outil de compilation LATEXpourra être utilisé. Rappelons que TeXShop7 qui possédait une palette d’outils permettant l’apprentissage des commandes LATEX 3. Je souhaitais disposer d’exemples du plus simple au plus détaillé, ainsi que d’une sorte de glossaire des principaux termes, commandes et environnement utilisés dans LATEX. 6http://www.advanced-science.com/html/scientific.htm 7TeXShop est distribué sous la licence GPL c’est à dire GNU General Public Licence, outil convivial développé par Richard Koch, Dirk Olmes et Gerben Wierda (teTeX) III Table des matières 1 Pour commencer : un exemple simple 3 1.1 Outils nécessaires. 3 1.2 Un exemple minimaliste . 3 1.2.1 Création d’un fichier source . 3 1.2.2 Résultat de la compilation . 4 1.2.3 Constatations sur la structure d’un document élaboré sous LATEX...... 4 2 Premières généralités 6 2.1 Le préambule et le corps . 6 2.2 Structure d’un document . 6 2.2.1 Environnement d’un document . 6 2.2.2 Le titre . 7 2.2.3 Les divisions d’un document . 7 2.2.4 Exportation vers html . 7 3 Notion de packages et exemples 9 3.0.5 Lire la documentation . 9 3.0.6 Installer un nouveau package . 9 4 Polices, encodages, langues étrangères 11 4.1 Utilisation simple . 11 4.1.1 Commandes de base . 11 4.1.2 Quelques mots des encodages . 12 4.1.3 Utilisation d’Unicode . 13 4.2 Utilisation avancée . 16 4.2.1 Différents types de police . 16 4.2.2 Installation de nouvelles polices . 16 4.2.3 Utilisation des polices . 18 4.2.4 Autres attributs de textes avec des packages tierces . 21 4.3 Quelques autres problèmes de police . 22 4.3.1 Autres techniques de grec . 22 4.3.2 Utilisation de l’inuktitut . 24 4.3.3 Utilisation de Symbol et ZapfDingbats avec pifont ............... 25 5 Quelques exemples simples 28 5.1 Rédiger une poésie sous forme de calligramme . 28 5.2 Rédiger un livre de chansons avec accords de guitare . 30 5.2.1 Installation du package requis . 30 1 TABLE DES MATIÈRES 5.2.2 Exemple traité : 3 chansons de Carla Bruni extraites de l’album Quelqu’un m’a dit ....................................... 31 2 Chapitre 1 Pour commencer : un exemple simple 1.1 Outils nécessaires... – Tout d’abord, il nous faut installer TeXShop ou iTeXMac et l’environnement LATEX 1. TeXShop est téléchargeable en passant par http://www.versiontracker.com et plus spé- cifiquement http://www.versiontracker.com/redir.fcgi/kind=1&db=mac&id=8523/texshop. dmg 2. iTeXMac est téléchargeable sur la page de son auteur, Jérôme Laurens http://sourceforge. net/projects/itexmac 3. L’environnement LATEX est téléchargeable grâce à l’application i-installer de Gerben Wierda. Son installation est simple. Rappelons-en les étapes : Après avoir lancé i-installer, il nous faudra choisir les paquetages requis, demander à l’application de récupérer les fichiers et de les installer. Pour teTex, il nous faudra cocher : « tex foundations » (le texmf) et « tex binaries » (les programmes). Notons que i-installer permet également de mettre en place ghostcript 6 et 7, imagemagick, quelques lib graphiques, et les polices cm- super. (Je vous conseille de le faire si cela n’est pas encore fait). 4. Vous aurez également besoin d’un ordinateur de marque MacIntosh 1 5. Il sera également indispensable dans ce qui suivra, de disposer du système d’exploita- tion MacOS X 2 Désormais nous considérerons que 4 conditions sont remplies : environnement LATEX en place et opérationnel, un outil de compilation (iTeXMac ou TeXShop) prêt à fonctionner sur un Ma- cIntosh doté de MacOS X 1.2 Un exemple minimaliste 1.2.1 Création d’un fichier source 1.2.1.1 Création avec TeXShop Dans TeXShop, taper Pomme+M 1http://www.apple.fr 2 Il est bien sûr évidement que sous MacOS pré-X LATEX est également utilisable mais pas les outils GUI préconisés dans ce document 3 CHAPITRE 1. POUR COMMENCER : UN EXEMPLE SIMPLE pour créer un nouveau document puis saisir les 6 lignes qui suivent : \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[applemac]{inputenc} \usepackage[french]{babel} \begin{document} Ceci est un test \end{document} Cliquer sur le bouton LATEX qui se situe dans la barre d’outils ou Menu(Composer) LATEX. Nommer ce document Test1 et décocher masquer l’extension .Dès lors, vous voyez défiler rapi- dement dans la fenêtre LaTeX Console de TeXShop les différentes manoeuvres qui généreront le document final. 1.2.1.2 Création avec iTeXMac Fichier > Nouveau Choisir Document TeX Copier coller le texte ci-dessus TeX > Compiler (ou dans la barre d’outils, cliquer sur l’icône notée C Vous venez de compiler votre premier fichier source 1.2.2 Résultat de la compilation 1. Vous visualisez instantanément le fichier généré qui apparaît dans une fenêtre dédiée à cet effet 2. 4 fichiers viennent d’être créés (a) Test1.tex qui est le fichier source, qui vous sert à créer le document. (b) Test1.aux, fichier qui contient diverses informations utiles à LATEX (c) Test1.log qui est le fichier d’historisation des messages contenues dans la Console La- TeX. (d) Test1.pdf, fichier résultat. 3. En cas d’erreur de saisie (le texte que vous venez d’écrire va être interprété), la Console va apparaître en premier plan avec un message d’erreur (pas toujours très clair pour un débu- tant). Un simple clic sur le bouton Erreur vous amène directement à l’endroit où l’erreur se situe. Vous noterez également que TeXShop dispose d’un vérificateur orthographique (en fait celui de MacOS X). Conseil n°1 : Créer un dossier pour chaque document LATEX vous permettra de mieux vous repé- rer par la suite. 1.2.3 Constatations sur la structure d’un document élaboré sous LATEX Très grossièrement nous observons 3 parties logiques à notre document source : 1. Indication du type de document que nous voulons rédiger. Ici nous avons créé un docu- ment de type article , au format a4 noté ainsi : \documentclass[a4paper]{article} 4 CHAPITRE 1.
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