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Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame House STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A LIGHT STEEL FRAME HOUSE PEDRO EDUARDO RODRIGUES MENDES Dissertação submetida para satisfação parcial dos requisitos do grau de MESTRE EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL — ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM ESTRUTURAS Orientador: Professor Doutor José Miguel de Freitas Castro Coorientador: Doutor Smail Kechidi OUTOBRO DE 2019 MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ENGENHARIA CIVIL 2018/2019 DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL Tel. +351-22-508 1901 Fax +351-22-508 1446 [email protected] Editado por FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 PORTO Portugal Tel. +351-22-508 1400 Fax +351-22-508 1440 [email protected] http://www.fe.up.pt Reproduções parciais deste documento serão autorizadas na condição que seja mencionado o Autor e feita referência a Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil - 2018/2019 - Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2019. As opiniões e informações incluídas neste documento representam unicamente o ponto de vista do respetivo Autor, não podendo o Editor aceitar qualquer responsabilidade legal ou outra em relação a erros ou omissões que possam existir. Este documento foi produzido a partir de versão eletrónica fornecida pelo respetivo Autor. Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling Aos meus Pais Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling Agradecimentos O trabalho que se segue representa o culminar de um longo percurso percorrido pelo autor, ao longo do qual este contou com a ajuda de diversas pessoas que merecem o seu agradecimento. Em primeiro lugar um obrigado a todos os professores que me instruíram em todo o meu percurso académico, e em especial ao meu orientador Professor Doutor José Miguel Castro pela forma forma como cedo se disponibilizou para me ajudar a conhecer mais este assunto, e pela confiança que transmitia a cada obstáculo encontrado. Do mesmo modo, não posso de deixar de agradecer ao meu coorientador Dr. Smail Kechidi, cujo conhecimento sobre o assunto é notório e sem quem teria sido impossível fazer um trabalho tão completo uma vez que esteve sempre disponível para esclarecer todas duvidas que me foram surgindo. Aos meus colegas e amigos que me acompanharam nos bons e maus momentos ao longo destes anos, por todo o apoio que me deram quer esclarecendo-me dúvidas quer dando apoio moral quando assim o precisava. E principalmente, à minha família, por todos os sacrifícios que fez para que eu pudesse ter um curso superior, pelo apoio incondicional que me deram, tendo sempre confiado em mim. i Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling ii Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling Resumo Nos últimos anos surgiram novos sistemas de construção que garantem alto desempenho estrutural e ambiental. Entre outros, a estrutura de aço leve (LSF) está se tornando um sistema estrutural eficaz para edifícios de baixo e médio porte. Várias vantagens, como alta relação resistência / peso, baixo custo de transporte e facilidade de construção, agilizam o uso de elementos de aço enformado a frio em muitos países quer como elementos estruturais quer não estruturais. Além de oferecer excelentes propriedades estruturais, térmicas e acústicas, este sistema apresenta ainda uma solução sustentável, uma vez que a estrutura de aço é 100% reciclável e, ao mesmo tempo, permite economias significativas em termos de energia. Esta dissertação concentra-se nas propriedades das construções LSF, passando pelas várias características inerentes a este método, como as propriedades dos materiais e as principais seções transversais utilizadas, além de apresentar alguns revestimentos disponíveis no mercado. Posteriormente, é apresentado um estado de dimensionamento de acordo com as práticas europeias de projeto de uma estrutura de dois andares, feita de aço leve, adotando paredes resistentes ao corte com revestimento de madeira OSB como sistema de resistência lateral à carga. Palavras-chave: LSF, estruturas de aço leve, aço enformado a frio, dimensionamento de estruturas, Eurocódigos, sustentabilidade. iii Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling iv Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling Abstract In recent years, new innovative systems to ensure high structural and environmental performance have emerged. Among others, light steel framing (LSF) is becoming an effective structural system for low- and mid-rise buildings. Several desirable features, like high strength-to-weight ratio, low shipping cost and easiness of construction, expedite the use of CFS members in many countries as both structural and nonstructural members. While providing excellent structural, thermal and acoustic properties, this method also offers a sustainable solution, since the steel frame is 100% recyclable and at the same time, enables significant savings in terms of energy. This dissertation focusses on the properties of LSF constructions, going through the various characteristics inherent to this method like the properties of materials and main cross-sections used, while also presenting some claddings available in the market. Subsequently, analysis and design according the European design practices of a 2-storey structure made of light steel frame adopting OSB wood-sheathed shear walls as lateral load resisting system, are carried out. Key words: Light steel frame, structural design, Eurocodes, sustainability. v Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling vi Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling Table of Contents Agradecimentos ................................................................................................................. i Resumo ............................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ v 1. Introduction .......................................................................... 1 Contextualization .................................................................................................................................... 1 Scope and objectives ............................................................................................................................... 2 Dissertation layout .................................................................................................................................. 2 2. Historic contextualization ................................................... 5 3. Materials ................................................................................ 7 Steel ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 3.1.1. Protection ...................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2. Fabrication process ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.3. Common cross-sections .............................................................................................................. 11 Insulation and claddings .........................................................................................................................13 3.2.1. Facade claddings ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.1.1. Structural claddings ........................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1.2. Non-structural claddings .................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2. Thermal insulation ....................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.3. Acoustic insulation ...................................................................................................................... 19 Connections ............................................................................................................................................19 3.3.1. Steel-to-steel connections ........................................................................................................... 19 3.3.2. Cladding to framing connections ................................................................................................. 20 4. Constructive Method ......................................................... 21 Terminology ...........................................................................................................................................21 Foundations ............................................................................................................................................23 vii Structural Design of a Light Steel Frame Dwelling Constructive methods ............................................................................................................................ 24 4.3.1. Stick construction ........................................................................................................................ 24 4.3.2. Panel construction ....................................................................................................................... 25 4.3.3. Modular construction ..................................................................................................................
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