CHAPTER ± 1 Introduction of the Project 1.1: Concept & Significance
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CHAPTER ± 1 Introduction of the Project 1.1: Concept & Significance of the Study As governance and compliance has become a key part of any global enterprise KNPL has also sought to implement strict Governance models in line with its Japanese parent¶s mandate. The driving directive for the project came straight from the members and the users who wanted to see and practice strict controls on accountability and management in daily activities. As the organization grew and volumes increased, these part manual and part computerized system could not cope up with the increased transactions. Requirement of a real time and essential data was felt by the Management for effective data management, material management and inventory control. The whole project has a very strong base in SAP. Materials are key resources in an industrial enterprise since no production is possible without materials. Materials Management is a function responsibility for the co ordination of planning, sourcing, purchasing, moving, storing and controlling materials in an optimum manner so as to provide a pre decided service to the consumer at minimum cost. Materials Management is a term used to connote controlling the kind, amount, location, movement and timing of the various commodities used in and production by the industrial enterprise. The project runs through a wide range of activities starting from material management module to authorization concept. Company is divided into various departments. Each department uses specific materials. One department cannot have the access to the materials of the other. So a datasheet of the same was made incorporating specification of who can have access to what material and from where. Also the units now revised are mostly in terms of kg/lb. What is Master Data Master data, which may include reference data, is information that is the key to the operation of business and is the primary focus of the Information Technology (IT) discipline of Master Data Management (MDM). This key business information may include data about customers, products, employees, materials, suppliers, etc. which often turns out to be non-transactional in nature. In this regard, master data can support transactional processes and operations, but its use is certainly not limited to such (analytics/reporting is another area greatly dependent on an organization's master data). Master data is often used by several functional groups and stored in different data systems across an organization and may or may not be referenced centrally; therefore, the possibility exists for duplicate and/or inaccurate master data. Thus Master Data is that persistent, non-transactional data that defines a business entity for which there is, or should be, an agreed upon view across the organization. Impact of Master Data is shown below:- Master Data to be used in implementation of SAP should be perfect. It should not contain redundant data. Hence to reduce the work of users, analysis is done. These tasks help the user to input less data. Work is completed fast and in less time. Also data becomes perfect and not obtained by repeated transactions. 2 Once the analysis is done users won¶t be able to enter wrong data. E.g. Out of five choices may be from the drop down menu (which are analysed in the task) user will input any one of them which will allow user to restrict entering wrong data. Data which is used in factories like NIPA is segregated in worksheet comprising all the scrap materials. Accountability was one of the key focus areas in the project. Hence giving rise to the requirement of a role based authorization matrix with segregation of duties. This is a supplementary task which deals with the mitigation of access risk by creating a list of all the business processes and then correlating it with all the activities done at KNPL. Moreover after outlining the activities the same are correlated with the roles which are present in the system and as per the HR hierarchy. What is SAP? SAP is the leading ERP software package. SAP was the first to integrate a corporation's worldwide functions tightly into one application. SAP translated from its original German name, Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (Systems Analysis and Program Development) and renamed as Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing in 1977. Five former IBM programmers founded SAP AG one of the biggest European software company in Mannheim, Germany. The head office is in Walldorf, Germany. SAP was founded in 1972 and the first version of their software, SAP R/2, was released in 1979.SAP has evolved from SAP R/2 to SAP R/3 to my SAP solutions to SAP Business Suite. Its domination of the market occurred during the 1980s, expanding first throughout Europe (early 1980s) and then North America (1988). SAP R/3, an advanced, client-server based version of the popular R/2 product, was released in 1992 and sparked a stunning takeover of America's largest businesses. R stands for Real time. 3 stands for 3 tier architecture. SAP is both the name of the company and their ERP product SAP system comprises of a number of fully integrated modules, which virtually covers every aspect of the business management. Using SAP's products, companies can now integrate their accounting, sales, distribution, manufacturing, planning, purchasing, human resources, analysis and other transactions into one application. SAP applications thus provide an environment where "transactions are synchronized throughout the entire systems." With 56,000 installations serving 10 million users at 18,800 organizations in 120 countries across the globe, SAP ranks as the world's third-largest independent software provider. So far, there have been 3 systems developed by SAP namely, R/1, R/2, R/3. 3 y SAP is an extremely complicated system where no one individual can understand all of it. y SAP runs on a fourth generation programming language called Advance Business Application Programming (ABAP). It has many of the features of other modern programming languages such as the familiar C, Visual Basic, and Power Builder. Your programs name conventions begins with a letter yxxx or zxxx. y SAP graphical user interfaces (SAPGUI) runs on Windows / NT / UNIX / AS400. When you are using 3.x you can used the SAPGUI 4.x, there are no conflicts as the SAPGUI is basically a front end tools. y If you create dialog screen, remembers to tick Development Tools (utility programs for the Screen Painter) when you are installing SAPGUI 4.x. y In SAPGUI 4.x, you can configure whether to use the present 3.x screen design or the New 4.x Visual design (which is very graphical and computer resource hungry). y Disable the login image to reduce the memory usage. In transaction SM30, table SSM_CUST; create a new entries with Name HIDE_START_IMAGE and Value to be set YES. y SAP have move towards the Windows Explorer Screen Format. y SAP is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) software product capable of integrating multiple business applications, with each application representing a specific business area. These applications update and process transactions in real time mode. It has the ability to be configured to meets the needs of the business. Commands used in SAP :- MM01 Create MM02 Change MM03 Display 4 Ev l i of My SAP E P 5 E i Resource Pl i ER i not new to t e market lace. In fact SAP created ERP over 0 years ago. 0 years ago t e private sector was looking to streamline t e business process, eliminate redundancy and frankly reduce t e number of systems required to run t e business. ERP was t e answer. Many organi ations we able to significantly reduce systems, cycle time, reconciliation processes etc. Wit ERP, we were able to reduce cost, simplify t e IT landscape, and most importantly impact t e operation of t e business. During t ose times, most organi ations were able to achieve headcount reduction, inventory reduction, reduction of close time etc. In the late 80¶s and into the 90¶s companies started to embrace decision support. Many companies embraced the data warehouse concept. It was primarily used for reporting. SAP initially embedded many reports into our solution set. Today, not only is operational excellence and decision support necessary to survive but we must do more. In fact, we must create value in order to survive and effectively compete. Today, organi ations are focused on business performance, collaboration and innovation. Technology can not only reduce cost but it can definitely impact the operation. ERP is part of the solution. Total Company Value Evolution of ERP 6 Business Strategy using SAP New Maintenance Offerings Architecture Planning Custom Development Consulting System Integration Operations Planning & Optimization Hosting / Outsourcing Benefits of my SAP ERP SAP ERP delivers a comprehensive set of integrated, cross-functional business processes. With SAP ERP, we can gain the following benefits: Improve alignment of strategies and operations Improve productivity and insight Reduce costs through increased flexibility Support changing industry requirements Reduce risk Improve financial management and corporate governance Optimize IT spending Gain higher ROI faster Retain top performers Provide immediate access to enterprise information Overview of Presentation & Database Servers The presentation server is simply a GUI that is running at the user¶s workstation. It is a very light component, called as a thin client in common terminology. It is capable of sending requests to the application server, receiving the requests back and displaying the screen back to the user. Multiple instances of presentation servers can execute in the same work station. And generally the presentation layers are, to a good extent, downward compatible with the application servers, in terms of the version.