Examining the problems of a failed exegesis Bible
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} 1 Corinthians 1:12 (NASB) 12 Now I mean this, that each one of you is saying, "I am of Paul," and "I of Apollos," and "I of Cephas," and "I of Christ."
} Chafer said— } MacArthur said— } Piper said--- } Buttermore, Bush, Cone or Smith said-- } Book Study } Verse by Verse } Topical } Controversial } Theological
} Dispensational } Covenant Theology } Biblical } Topical } Look at the totality of scripture when building a doctrine } Study a single verse always in light of its immediate context } Normal sense of words cannot be abandoned unless there is overwhelming evidence to do so } Take the Bible literally and understand the Bible also uses figures, idioms, parables, types and even allegory. } Judaism (Today) } Replacement Theology } Separation Theology } Remnant Theology } Biblical Theology } There is a growing theology that believes today's Gentile Believers are grafted into Israel. This is a misinterpretation of Romans 11:13-25 } There is also a need as Arnold Fruchtenbaum many years wrote about, a systematic teaching on Israelology. Better still we need to grasp the very Biblical Doctrine of the Remnant of Israel. } About the Two Houses of Israel } 1. We believe that through the two-house restoration, both houses of Israel are having their blinders removed. 2. Judah-Yahudah needs Moshiach and Ephraim-Yisrael needs Torah and their identity as Yisrael’s other house restored. Isaiah 8:14 3. The House of Ephraim/House of Israel is not a replacement for the House of Yahudah. The two are rejoining to be one "stick" in His hand. Ezekiel 37:15-22 4. We believe that all believers in Moshiach Yahshua are physical and spiritual Yisrael, regardless of whether they come from Judah-Yahudah, Ephraim-Yisrael (10 tribes) or have no Yisraelite blood but have joined Yisrael’s Commonwealth through submission to Yisrael’s King the Moshiach Yahshua. Thus the eklessia / kahal is Yisrael restored. Ephesians 2:11-19
} Romans 11:13-25 (NASB) 13 But I am speaking to you who are Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle of Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 14 if somehow I might move to jealousy my fellow countrymen and save some of them. 15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 16 If the first piece of dough is holy, the lump is also; and if the root is holy, the branches are too. 17 But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them and became partaker with them of the rich root of the olive tree, 18 do not be arrogant toward the branches; but if you are arrogant, remember that it is not you who supports the root, but the root supports you. 19 You will say then, "Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in." 20 Quite right, they were broken off for their unbelief, but you stand by your faith. Do not be conceited, but fear; 21 for if God did not spare the natural branches, He will not spare you, either. 22 Behold then the kindness and severity of God; to those who fell, severity, but to you, God's kindness, if you continue in His kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off. 23 And they also, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 24 For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these who are the natural branches be grafted into their own olive tree? 25 For I do not want you, brethren, to be uninformed of this mystery—so that you will not be wise in your own estimation—that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in; } Don’t be married to a system or a theology } We could look at what the counterfeit has to offer and try to figure out how they arrived at their theology } We could do a verse by verse study of Romans 11:13-25 } We could do research about the majority opinion (now that is dangerous ground) } I want to make you familiar with this growing theological understanding } Then we will look at keys to unlock the context in Romans 11 } We will look at tools for Bible Study and how we would use them to unlock the mystery of Romans 11 83 times } <03498> rt;y" (yathar) (451b) 101x’s } Meaning: to remain over } <03499a> rt,y< yether (451d) 89x’s } Meaning: remainder, excess, preeminence } <06413> hj'yleP. peletah (812c) 26x’s } Meaning: an escape } <07604> ra;v' shaar (983d) 123x’s } Meaning: to remain, be left over } <07605> ra'v. shear (984b) 25x’s } Meaning: rest, residue, remnant } <07611> tyrIaev. sheerith (984c) 66x’s } Meaning: rest, residue, remnant, remainder } <08300> dyrIf' sarid (975a) 28x’s } Meaning: a survivor } <07611> tyrIaev. sheerith (984c) 66x’s } Meaning: rest, residue, remnant, remainder
} In Jeremiah } Jeremiah 6:9 9 Thus says the LORD of hosts, "They will thoroughly glean as the vine the remnant of Israel; Pass your hand again like a grape gatherer Over the branches."
} Jeremiah 8:3 3 "And death will be chosen rather than life by all the remnant that remains of this evil family, that remains in all the places to which I have driven them," declares the LORD of hosts.
} Jeremiah 11:23 and a remnant will not be left to them, for I will bring disaster on the men of Anathoth— the year of their punishment."
} Jeremiah 15:9 "She who bore seven sons pines away; Her breathing is labored. Her sun has set while it was yet day; She has been shamed and humiliated. So I will give over their survivors to the sword Before their enemies," declares the LORD.
} Jeremiah 23:3 "Then I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock out of all the countries where I have driven them and bring them back to their pasture, and they will be fruitful and multiply.
} Jeremiah 24:8 'But like the bad figs which cannot be eaten due to rottenness—indeed, thus says the LORD—so I will abandon Zedekiah king of Judah and his officials, and the remnant of Jerusalem who remain in this land and the ones who dwell in the land of Egypt.
} Jeremiah 25:20 and all the foreign people, all the kings of the land of Uz, all the kings of the land of the Philistines (even Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron and the remnant of Ashdod);
} Jeremiah 31:7 For thus says the LORD, "Sing aloud with gladness for Jacob, And shout among the chief of the nations; Proclaim, give praise and say, 'O LORD, save Your people, The remnant of Israel.'
} Jeremiah 39:3 Then all the officials of the king of Babylon came in and sat down at the Middle Gate: Nergal-sar-ezer, Samgar-nebu, Sar-sekim the Rab-saris, Nergal-sar-ezer the Rab-mag, and all the rest of the officials of the king of Babylon.
} Jeremiah 40:11,15 11 Likewise, also all the Jews who were in Moab and among the sons of Ammon and in Edom and who were in all the other countries, heard that the king of Babylon had left a remnant for Judah, and that he had appointed over them Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan.
15Then Johanan the son of Kareah spoke secretly to Gedaliah in Mizpah, saying, "Let me go and kill Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and not a man will know! Why should he take your life, so that all the Jews who are gathered to you would be scattered and the remnant of Judah would perish?"
} Jeremiah 41:10, 16 10 Then Ishmael took captive all the remnant of the people who were in Mizpah, the king's daughters and all the people who were left in Mizpah, whom Nebuzaradan the captain of the bodyguard had put under the charge of Gedaliah the son of Ahikam; thus Ishmael the son of Nethaniah took them captive and proceeded to cross over to the sons of Ammon. } 16 Then Johanan the son of Kareah and all the commanders of the forces that were with him took from Mizpah all the remnant of the people whom he had recovered from Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, after he had struck down Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, that is, the men who were soldiers, the women, the children, and the eunuchs, whom he had brought back from Gibeon.
} Jeremiah 42:2, 15, 19 2 and said to Jeremiah the prophet, "Please let our petition come before you, and pray for us to the LORD your God, that is for all this remnant; because we are left but a few out of many, as your own eyes now see us, } 15 then in that case listen to the word of the LORD, O remnant of Judah. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, "If you really set your mind to enter Egypt and go in to reside there,
19 The LORD has spoken to you, O remnant of Judah, "Do not go into Egypt!" You should clearly understand that today I have testified against you.
} Jeremiah 43:5 But Johanan the son of Kareah and all the commanders of the forces took the entire remnant of Judah who had returned from all the nations to which they had been driven away, in order to reside in the land of Judah—
} Jeremiah 44:7 'Now then thus says the LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, "Why are you doing great harm to yourselves, so as to cut off from you man and woman, child and infant, from among Judah, leaving yourselves without remnant, Jeremiah 44:12 'And I will take away the remnant of Judah who have set their mind on entering the land of Egypt to reside there, and they will all meet their end in the land of Egypt; they will fall by the sword and meet their end by famine. Both small and great will die by the sword and famine; and they will become a curse, an object of horror, an imprecation and a reproach.
} Jeremiah 44:14 'So there will be no refugees or survivors for the remnant of Judah who have entered the land of Egypt to reside there and then to return to the land of Judah, to which they are longing to return and live; for none will return except a few refugees.'"
} Jeremiah 44:28 'Those who escape the sword will return out of the land of Egypt to the land of Judah few in number. Then all the remnant of Judah who have gone to the land of Egypt to reside there will know whose word will stand, Mine or theirs.
} Jeremiah 47:4-5 4 On account of the day that is coming To destroy all the Philistines, To cut off from Tyre and Sidon Every ally that is left; For the LORD is going to destroy the Philistines, The remnant of the coastland of Caphtor. 5 "Baldness has come upon Gaza; Ashkelon has been ruined. O remnant of their valley, How long will you gash yourself? } Jeremiah 50:26 Come to her from the farthest border; Open up her barns, Pile her up like heaps And utterly destroy her, Let nothing be left to her.
} <5275a> u`po,leimma (hupoleimma) ONCE } Meaning: a remnant } <3005> lei/mma (leimma) ONCE } Meaning: a remnant } <3062> loipoi, (loipoi) 41x’s } Meaning: the rest, the remaining } <3641> ovli,goj (oligos) ???? } Meaning: few, little, small (as in Matt. 7:13-14)
} The only New Testament use of leimma is in Romans 11:5 where Paul said of Israel: “Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.” God has always preserved a remnant who would serve Him. The remnant is grounded in God’s action (ibid., 4:204). Paul saw the partial fulfillment of the remnant prophecies in his day and wrote of it in Romans 9–11. Those who are now part of the remnant are people who put their faith in Jesus Christ. God will again deal with His people Israel when He establishes the Messianic Kingdom (ibid., 4:209ff.). Some believe that the “remnant” (Isaiah 1:9) are those whom God has called, together with the Gentiles, into the churches of Christ (Günther and Krienke, “Remnant,” Colin Brown, 3:252). } Definition of REMNANT } 1a : a usually small part, member, or trace remaining } b : a small surviving group —often used in plural } 2: an unsold or unused end of piece goods
} NOUN } 1A part or quantity that is left after the greater part has been used, removed, or destroyed. } ‘the bogs are an endangered remnant of a primeval landscape’ } Synonyms } 1.1 A piece of cloth left when the greater part has been used or sold. 'He sat sewing patchwork cushions with all the remnants’ } Synonyms } 1.2 A surviving trace. 'A remnant of the past’ } 2Christian Theology A small minority of people who will remain faithful to God and so be saved (in allusion to biblical prophecies concerning Israel) } ‘if any one ceases to be a witness, he ceases to be one of the remnant’ } ADJECTIVE } attributive Remaining. } ‘remnant strands of hair’
} REMNANT OF ISRAEL ("she'erit Yisrael" or "she'ar"): By: Joseph Jacobs, Emil G. Hirsch } http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/ 12677-remnant-of-israel } View of Isaiah. } Concept of frequent occurrence in the utterances of the Prophets, and closely interwoven in their peculiar construction of Israel's history and destiny. The idea is indicated in the name of Isaiah's son Shear-jashub (Isa. vii. 3). Israel, steeped in sin and disloyal to Yhwh, will be severely chastised. The hostile nations, indeed, are the executioners of a deep, divine plan (comp. Isa. x. 5). Many, even the greater part, of Israel will fall or be carried away. The remnant will be saved and will return (Isa. x. 20, 21). In Isaiah's faith the impregnability of Jerusalem and the indestructibility of Israel are unshakable and fundamental elements. His doctrine of the remnant is, in the main, centered in them (Isa. x. 22, where the better reading would be ; for if, or since, "Yhwh is with thee, O Israel," as the sand by the sea will be Shear-jashub, the remnant that will repent and be saved). This remnant will no longer rely upon alliances with the surrounding nations, but upon Yhwh (Isa. x. 20). } The process by which this remnant is separated is likened to the gathering of grapes or the shaking of an olive-tree, the result being that some of the fruit is left. But though those who survive will be few in number, they shall be "called holy" (Isa. iv. 3, xvii. 6). } Isaiah's contemporary Micah (if the passages really belong to him; they have the appearance of being the utterances of later apocalyptic seers) proclaims the same doctrine. Exiled Israel will still have a remnant free to influence, for good or evil, its surroundings; and this remnant will be gathered again (Micah ii. 12, v. 6, 7). } Zephaniah (during the reign of Josiah) apparently identifies this remnant with the "meek" of the land. It has found a refuge and means of escape on the great and terrible day of judgment, and to it is promised the rulership of the Philistine coast-districts (Zeph. ii. 3, 7). This remnant "of the house of Judah" will be visited by Yhwh, and their captivity will return. This "remnant of Yhwh's people" will also despoil discomfited Ammon and Moab. In Zeph. ii. 9 this "she'erit" interchanges with "yeter goy" in the second half. In the third chapter of Zephaniah, which, however, bears every indication of being post-exilic, the remnant of Israel, "a poor and needy people" (Hebr.), is described as not committing iniquity, as speaking only the truth, and as living in blissful pastoral peace and security. } Application by Jeremiah. } Jeremiah makes most elaborate use of the theory. The prophet foresees that Judah is doomed to captivity; but he is equally certain that a remnant will survive. This remnant will have to endure much. It will be gleaned as thoroughly as a vine (Jer. vi. 9). It is described as "the remnant of my flock," and is promised restoration and increase (Jer. xxiii. 3). This remnant is the subject of a most fervent, but jubilant, prayer for succor (Jer. xxxi. 7). The remnant is the people of God (ib.). Jeremiah employs the phrase also in the sense of "those that escaped deportation" (Jer. xlii. 15, 19). } Ezekiel is moved by the signs of destruction to ask whether "the remnant" of Israel will not be spared (Ezek. ix. 8. xi. 13). The context shows that for Ezekiel the phrase has the value of a technical term connoting the congregation of Israel, the exiles; and in Haggai it has the same force, denoting the common people, the congregation, as distinct from the princes and priests (Hag. i. 12, ii. 2). } This congregation, or remnant, of Israel, according to the critical school, is identical with the loyal Ḥasidim (the "meek," the "poor") so often referred to in the Psalms, the martyrs during the Maccabean rebellion, the "servants of Yhwh," who, when the Maccabean princes proved false, remained true to their God. Many of the passages attributed to Isaiah, Zephaniah, and Micah are assigned by the critics to unknown writers of post-exilic and Maccabean times (comp. Duhm, "Jesaia," 2d ed., p. 75, Göttingen, 1902). } The phrase "remnant of Israel" ("she'erit Yisrael") has come to be a favorite name for Jewish congregations, as in the case of the oldest congregation in New York. } https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ remnant-of-israel a term denoting the belief that the ,(שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל .REMNANT OF ISRAEL (Heb { future of Israel would be assured by the faithful remnant surviving the calamities that would befall the people as a result of their departing from the way of God. On the one hand the prophets foretold the forthcoming exile and destruction of Israel, and on the other they held forth the hope and promise of its survival and eternity. The doctrine of the Surviving Remnant resolved this contradiction. The doctrine is referred to by most of the prophets. Thus Micah (2:12) states, "I will surely gather the remnant of Israel"; Jeremiah (23:3) "and I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries whither I have driven them and will bring them back to their folds, and they shall be fruitful and multiply." Joel promises, "For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be those that escape and among the remnant those whom the Lord shall call" (3:5), and the first half of the verse is repeated almost literally by Obadiah (v. 17). } It is in Isaiah, however, that the doctrine is found in its most developed form which greatly affected Israel's thoughts about the future. He gives his son the symbolic name Shear-Jashub ("a remnant shall return," 7:3) and in 10:22 the phrase is repeated as a statement of fact "a remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob." The most detailed description of the doctrine appears in 6:13. The land shall be utterly destroyed, the children of Israel will be "removed far away," only a tenth will remain – even that tenth "shall again be eaten up" but "the holy seed" shall remain. Isaiah's concept of the remnant may have included both the faithful minority and those who would accept God's message, under the impact of the forthcoming disaster. Paul applied Isaiah's teaching to the Church (Rom. 9:27). } In the daily prayers there are included the prayers "Guardian of Israel, Guard the Remnant of Israel, and suffer not Israel to perish." } After World War II the phrase the "remnant which survives" (she'erit ha-peletah) was applied to the survivors of the Holocaust.
} This is, basically, what Paul outlines in Rom. 9-11. God is faithful to His covenant promises to the physical seed of Abraham by saving a chosen remnant. Then, God has also added, to that remnant of Jews, a multitude of elect Gentiles. Paul illustrated this by the analogy of an olive tree, in Rom. 11. The olive tree represents Israel as the people of God. The root of the olive tree is the fathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Some of the natural branches (physical Jews) were cut off because of unbelief. Likewise, wild olive branches (Gentiles) have been grafted into the tree. God is free to cut off natural branches and free to graft in wild branches as He chooses. The Gentiles who come to faith in Christ, then, are now incorporated into the one, true people of God. However it is still the same tree that has its roots in the patriarchs. There’s an organic unity between the Old Testament people of God and the New Testament people of God. The church, then, is a reconstituted, reorganized Israel that is no longer defined strictly along ethnic lines. It is a people defined, ultimately, by their relationship to Jesus Christ, the true seed of Abraham. Only those Jews who believe on the Lord Jesus are now heirs of the promises, and those Gentiles who come to faith in Christ are also counted as true Israel and become the “seed of Abraham” and “heirs of the promises.” (WHAT IS WRONG HERE) } Finally, please note that this is not “replacement theology.” God didn’t cut off the Jewish people and replace Israel with the church. God cut off unbelieving Israel and saved a remnant. Then, God, in fulfillment of the very things prophesied to Abraham and Israel in the Old Testament, added a host of Gentiles to His true people – a people now defined by their relationship to Jesus Christ. }
} Some conclude that believing Gentiles are some sort of ‘True Israel’ but this concept cannot be found in scripture. Being Gentiles are spiritual seed of Abraham, for in Abraham all the families of the earth blessed but nonetheless they are not physical seed as well. In Romans 2:28 and 29 Paul describes a purely Jewish phenomenon within the nation of Israel } Let’s look to the real and forget mans opinions and conclusions and lets see what saith the Lord. } Romans 11:17 The Big Question: What exactly is the Olive Tree? Does the text tell us? Where to find an answer? Why do so many come to a seemingly differing option? } Other questions? What is God plan for national Israel? What happens to a Jewish believer today? A Gentile believer today? } Is it the Abrahamic Covenant? Or the Patriarchs themselves? This includes a land grant which the Gentiles have no part in } Is it the Mosaic Covenant? Living under the law takes you into a place where you are no longer under Grace. This contract was made with a nation. } Is it the Davidic Covenant? Promise of Messiah to rule and reign on the throne of which David’s dynasty was to sit on this throne forever. This is not fulfilled yet } What about the New Covenant? Yet future; also addresses to national Israel } Is it salvation by grace through faith? If this is true, v.21 implies that we can lose salvation } This tree along with it’s root must be equated to the plan and purpose of God in the world and into the ages
11 Therefore remember that formerly you, the Gentiles in the flesh, who are called "Uncircumcision" by the so-called "Circumcision," which is performed in the flesh by human hands— 12 remember that you were at that time separate from Christ, excluded from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who formerly were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. } In the Flesh= Uncircumcised } Separate fro Messiah } Excluded from Israeli citizenship } A foreigner as far as covenants of promise are concerned } Having no hope } Without God in the world } Does not say Israelites nor Jews } IN CHRIST JESUS } You who were far off are brought near by the sacrificial death of Messiah } Of the 2294x’s the word Israel is used most get stuck on one Galatians 6:16 } 1 Cor. 10:1 who is referred to as ‘our fathers’ } My favorite one is Gal. 3:28 } Therefore the olive tree is not the collective people of God either. If that is so the theological error that occurs is there is no distinction made between Israel and the Church } Distinction between Israel and the Church is maintained } Read the text as a one who received the letter would have understood it } Understand that Jewish believers in this age are still the remnant of Israel that proves God has not pushed His people aside (God is never on Plan B) } That all both Jew and Gentile come to Christ by faith and have their identity IN CHRIST } Gentile believers today are not Jews } Most importantly God’s faithfulness is again an essential understanding. God made promises to a nation yet to be fulfilled. } Romans 11:17-19 17 But if some of the branches were broken off, and you (Gentile Believers), being a wild olive, were grafted in among them (*Jewish believing remnant) and became partaker with them (*) of the rich root of the olive tree (Messiah), 18 do not be arrogant toward the branches(*); but if you are arrogant, remember that it is not you who supports the root, but the root supports you. 19 You will say then, "Branches were broken off (unbelieving ethic Israel) so that I might be grafted in."
} Romans 11:20-23 20 Quite right, they were broken off for their unbelief, but you stand by your faith. Do not be conceited, but fear; 21 for if God did not spare the natural branches, He will not spare you, either. 22 Behold then the kindness and severity of God; to those who fell, severity, but to you, God's kindness, if you continue in His kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off. 23 And they also, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.