Formulary Exception Inflammatory Conditions – Cimzia® (Certolizumab Pegol for Subcutaneous Injection [Lyophilized] and SC Injection [Solution])

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Formulary Exception Inflammatory Conditions – Cimzia® (Certolizumab Pegol for Subcutaneous Injection [Lyophilized] and SC Injection [Solution]) Cigna National Formulary Coverage Policy Formulary Exception Inflammatory Conditions – Cimzia® (certolizumab pegol for subcutaneous injection [lyophilized] and SC injection [solution]) Table of Contents Product Identifier(s) National Formulary Medical Necessity ................ 1 13288 Conditions Not Covered....................................... 5 References .......................................................... 6 Revision History ................................................... 6 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE The following Coverage Policy applies to health benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Certain Cigna Companies and/or lines of business only provide utilization review services to clients and do not make coverage determinations. References to standard benefit plan language and coverage determinations do not apply to those clients. Coverage Policies are intended to provide guidance in interpreting certain standard benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Please note, the terms of a customer’s particular benefit plan document [Group Service Agreement, Evidence of Coverage, Certificate of Coverage, Summary Plan Description (SPD) or similar plan document] may differ significantly from the standard benefit plans upon which these Coverage Policies are based. For example, a customer’s benefit plan document may contain a specific exclusion related to a topic addressed in a Coverage Policy. In the event of a conflict, a customer’s benefit plan document always supersedes the information in the Coverage Policies. In the absence of a controlling federal or state coverage mandate, benefits are ultimately determined by the terms of the applicable benefit plan document. Coverage determinations in each specific instance require consideration of 1) the terms of the applicable benefit plan document in effect on the date of service; 2) any applicable laws/regulations; 3) any relevant collateral source materials including Coverage Policies and; 4) the specific facts of the particular situation. Coverage Policies relate exclusively to the administration of health benefit plans. Coverage Policies are not recommendations for treatment and should never be used as treatment guidelines. In certain markets, delegated vendor guidelines may be used to support medical necessity and other coverage determinations. National Formulary Medical Necessity Cigna covers certolizumab pegol (Cimzia®) for subcutaneous injection as medically necessary when the following criteria are met: Approval Duration: All approvals are provided for the duration noted below. In cases where the initial approval is authorized in months, 1 month is equal to 30 days. 1. Ankylosing Spondylitis. Approve for the duration noted if the individual meets ONE of the following (A or B): A) Initial Therapy. Approve for 3 months if the individual meets BOTH of the following conditions (i and ii): i. The medication is prescribed by or in consultation with a rheumatologist; AND ii. Individual has tried TWO of Enbrel, Humira, and Taltz [documentation required]. Note: If the individual has met criterion i but criterion ii is not met, offer to review for a Formulary product (Enbrel, Humira, or Taltz) using the appropriate standard Inflammatory Conditions criteria B) Individual is Currently Receiving Cimzia. Approve for 1 year if the individual meets BOTH of the following conditions (i and ii): i. Individual has had a response, as determined by the prescriber; AND Page 1 of 7 Cigna National Formulary Coverage Policy: FE Inflammatory Conditions – Cimzia Note: Examples of a response include decreased pain or stiffness, improved function or activities of daily living. The individual may not have a full response, but there should have been a recent or past response to Cimzia. ii. Individual meets ONE of the following conditions (a or b): a) Individual has been established on Cimzia for at least 90 days and prescription claims history indicates at least a 90-day supply of Cimzia was dispensed within the past 130 days [verification in prescription claims history required] or, if not available, [verification by prescribing physician required]; OR Note: In cases when 130 days of the individual’s prescription claim history file is unavailable to be verified, an exception to this requirement is allowed if the prescriber has verified that the individual has been receiving Cimzia for at least 90 days AND the individual has been receiving Cimzia via paid claims (e.g., individual has not been receiving samples or coupons or other types of waivers in order to obtain access to Cimzia). b) Individual has tried TWO of Enbrel, Humira, and Taltz [documentation required]. Note: If the individual has met criterion i but criterion ii is not met, offer to review for a Formulary product (Enbrel, Humira, or Taltz) using the appropriate standard Inflammatory Conditions criteria. 2. Crohn’s Disease. Approve for the duration noted if the individual meets ONE of the following (A or B): A) Initial Therapy. Approve for 3 months if the individual meets the following criteria (i, ii, iii, and iv): i. Individual is ≥ 18 years of age; AND ii. Individual meets ONE of the following conditions (a or b): a) Individual has tried or is currently taking corticosteroids, or corticosteroids are contraindicated in this individual; OR b) Individual has tried one other conventional systemic therapy for Crohn’s disease; AND Note: Examples of conventional systemic therapies for Crohn’s disease include azathioprine, 6- mercaptopurine, and methotrexate. A previous trial of a biologic also counts as a trial of one other agent for Crohn’s disease. Refer to Appendix for examples of biologics used for Crohn’s disease. A trial of mesalamine does not count as a systemic agent for Crohn’s disease. iii. Cimzia is prescribed by or in consultation with a gastroenterologist; AND iv. The individual has tried Humira. Note: If the individual has met criterion i and ii but criterion iii is not met, offer to review for a Formulary product (Humira or Stelara SC) using the appropriate standard Inflammatory Conditions criteria. B) Individual is Currently Receiving Cimzia. Approve for 1 year if the individual meets BOTH of the following conditions (i and ii): i. Individual has had a response, as determined by the prescriber; AND Note: Examples of a response include decrease in symptoms such as diarrhea, pain, bleeding; improvement in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), complete blood count, and/or fecal calprotectin (fCal). The individual may not have a full response, but there should have been a recent or past response to Cimzia. A individual with fistulizing Crohn’s disease or Crohn’s disease of the ileal pouch must meet the above criteria for Crohn’s disease in an adult. ii. Individual meets ONE of the following conditions (a or b): a) Individual has been established on Cimzia for at least 90 days and prescription claims history indicates at least a 90-day supply of Cimzia was dispensed within the past 130 days [verification in prescription claims history required] or, if not available, [verification by prescribing physician required]. Note: In cases when 130 days of the individual’s prescription claim history file is unavailable to be verified, an exception to this requirement is allowed if the prescriber has verified that the individual has been receiving Cimzia for at least 90 days AND the individual has been receiving Cimzia via paid claims (e.g., individual has not been receiving samples or coupons or other types of waivers in order to obtain access to Cimzia); OR b) Individual has tried Humira. Note: If the individual has met criterion i but criterion ii is not met, offer to review for the Formulary product (Humira or Stelara SC) using the appropriate standard Inflammatory Conditions criteria. 3. Plaque Psoriasis. Approve for the duration noted if the individual meets ONE of the following (A or B): A) Initial Therapy. Approve for 3 months if the individual meets the following criteria (i, ii, iii, and iv): i. Individual is ≥ 18 years of age; AND Page 2 of 7 Cigna National Formulary Coverage Policy: FE Inflammatory Conditions – Cimzia ii. Individual meets ONE of the following conditions (a or b): a) Individual has tried at least one traditional systemic agent for psoriasis for at least 3 months, unless intolerant; OR Note: Examples of traditional systemic agents for psoriasis include methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine, acitretin, or psoralen plus ultraviolet A light (PUVA). An exception to the requirement for a trial of one traditional systemic agent for psoriasis can be made if the individual has already has a 3-month trial or previous intolerance to at least one biologic. Refer to Appendix for examples of biologics used for psoriasis. A individual who has already tried a biologic for psoriasis is not required to “step back” and try a traditional systemic agent for psoriasis). b) Individual has a contraindication to methotrexate, as determined by the prescriber; AND iii. Cimzia is prescribed by or in consultation with a dermatologist; AND iv. Individual has tried TWO of Enbrel, Humira, Otezla, Skyrizi, Stelara subcutanous, Taltz, or Tremfya [documentation required]. Note: If the individual has met criterion i, ii, and iii but criterion iv is not met, offer to review for a Formulary product (Enbrel, Humira, Otezla, Skyrizi, Stelara subcutaneous, Taltz, or Tremfya) using the appropriate standard Inflammatory Conditions criteria B) Individual is Currently Receiving Cimzia. Approve for 1 year if the individual meets
Recommended publications
  • Leflunomide-Arava-Fact-Sheet
    Leflunomide PATIENT FACT SHEET (Arava) Leflunomide (Arava) is a drug approved to treat combination with other DMARDs. Leflunomide blocks the adults with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. formation of DNA, which is important for replicating cells, It belongs to a class of medications called disease such as those in the immune system. It suppresses the modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Leflunomide immune system to reduce inflammation that causes pain is often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis alone or in and swelling in rheumatoid arthritis. WHAT IS IT? Leflunomide is usually given as a 20 mg tablet once a the first 3 days after starting leflunomide. It may take day. Doctors will often prescribe a “loading dose” to be several weeks after starting leflunomide to experience an taken when the medicine is first prescribed. The loading improvement in joint pain or swelling. Complete benefits dose of leflunomide is usually 100 mg (or five 20 mg may not be experienced until 6 to 12 weeks after starting HOW TO tablets) once weekly for 3 weeks or 100 mg a day for the medication. TAKE IT The most common side effect of leflunomide is stomach pain, indigestion, rash, and hair loss. In fewer diarrhea, which occurs in approximately 20 percent than 10 percent of patients, leflunomide can cause of patients. This symptom frequently improves with abnormal liver function tests or decreased blood cell time or by taking a medication to prevent diarrhea. If or platelet counts. Rarely, this drug may cause lung diarrhea persists, the dose of leflunomide may need to problems, such as cough, shortness of breath or be reduced.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 American College of Rheumatology/American Association
    Arthritis Care & Research Vol. 69, No. 8, August 2017, pp 1111–1124 DOI 10.1002/acr.23274 VC 2017, American College of Rheumatology SPECIAL ARTICLE 2017 American College of Rheumatology/ American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Guideline for the Perioperative Management of Antirheumatic Medication in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Undergoing Elective Total Hip or Total Knee Arthroplasty SUSAN M. GOODMAN,1 BRYAN SPRINGER,2 GORDON GUYATT,3 MATTHEW P. ABDEL,4 VINOD DASA,5 MICHAEL GEORGE,6 ORA GEWURZ-SINGER,7 JON T. GILES,8 BEVERLY JOHNSON,9 STEVE LEE,10 LISA A. MANDL,1 MICHAEL A. MONT,11 PETER SCULCO,1 SCOTT SPORER,12 LOUIS STRYKER,13 MARAT TURGUNBAEV,14 BARRY BRAUSE,1 ANTONIA F. CHEN,15 JEREMY GILILLAND,16 MARK GOODMAN,17 ARLENE HURLEY-ROSENBLATT,18 KYRIAKOS KIROU,1 ELENA LOSINA,19 RONALD MacKENZIE,1 KALEB MICHAUD,20 TED MIKULS,21 LINDA RUSSELL,1 22 14 23 17 ALEXANDER SAH, AMY S. MILLER, JASVINDER A. SINGH, AND ADOLPH YATES Guidelines and recommendations developed and/or endorsed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) are intended to provide guidance for particular patterns of practice and not to dictate the care of a particular patient. The ACR considers adherence to the recommendations within this guideline to be volun- tary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in light of each patient’s individual circumstances. Guidelines and recommendations are intended to promote benefi- cial or desirable outcomes but cannot guarantee any specific outcome. Guidelines and recommendations developed and endorsed by the ACR are subject to periodic revision as warranted by the evolution of medi- cal knowledge, technology, and practice.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2017/0209462 A1 Bilotti Et Al
    US 20170209462A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2017/0209462 A1 Bilotti et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 27, 2017 (54) BTK INHIBITOR COMBINATIONS FOR Publication Classification TREATING MULTIPLE MYELOMA (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: Pharmacyclics LLC, Sunnyvale, CA A 6LX 3/573 (2006.01) A69/20 (2006.01) (US) A6IR 9/00 (2006.01) (72) Inventors: Elizabeth Bilotti, Sunnyvale, CA (US); A69/48 (2006.01) Thorsten Graef, Los Altos Hills, CA A 6LX 3/59 (2006.01) (US) A63L/454 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC .......... A61 K3I/573 (2013.01); A61K 3 1/519 (21) Appl. No.: 15/252,385 (2013.01); A61 K3I/454 (2013.01); A61 K 9/0053 (2013.01); A61K 9/48 (2013.01); A61 K (22) Filed: Aug. 31, 2016 9/20 (2013.01) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein are pharmaceutical combinations, dosing Related U.S. Application Data regimen, and methods of administering a combination of a (60) Provisional application No. 62/212.518, filed on Aug. BTK inhibitor (e.g., ibrutinib), an immunomodulatory agent, 31, 2015. and a steroid for the treatment of a hematologic malignancy. US 2017/0209462 A1 Jul. 27, 2017 BTK INHIBITOR COMBINATIONS FOR Subject in need thereof comprising administering pomalido TREATING MULTIPLE MYELOMA mide, ibrutinib, and dexamethasone, wherein pomalido mide, ibrutinib, and dexamethasone are administered con CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED currently, simulataneously, and/or co-administered. APPLICATION 0008. In some aspects, provided herein is a method of treating a hematologic malignancy in a subject in need 0001. This application claims the benefit of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • XELJANZ (Tofacitinib) XELJANZ XR (Tofacitinib Extended Release Tablets)
    Reference number(s) 2011-A SPECIALTY GUIDELINE MANAGEMENT XELJANZ (tofacitinib) XELJANZ XR (tofacitinib extended release tablets) POLICY I. INDICATIONS The indications below including FDA-approved indications and compendial uses are considered a covered benefit provided that all the approval criteria are met and the member has no exclusions to the prescribed therapy. FDA-Approved Indications A. Moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis B. Active psoriatic arthritis C. Moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis All other indications are considered experimental/investigational and are not a covered benefit. II. CRITERIA FOR INITIAL APPROVAL A. Moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 1. Authorization of 24 months may be granted to members who have previously received tofacitinib or any biologic DMARD indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Authorization of 24 months may be granted for treatment of moderately to severely active RA when any of the following criteria is met: i. Member has experienced an inadequate response to at least a 3-month trial of methotrexate despite adequate dosing (i.e., titrated to 20 mg/week). ii. Member has an intolerance or contraindication to methotrexate (see Appendix). B. Active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) 1. Authorization of 24 months may be granted to members who have previously received tofacitinib or any biologic DMARD indicated for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis. Tofacitinib must be used in combination with a nonbiologic DMARD (e.g., methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, etc.) 2. Authorization of 24 months may be granted for treatment of active PsA when all of the following criteria are met: i.
    [Show full text]
  • JAK-Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Focus on the Present and an Outlook on the Future
    biomolecules Review JAK-Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Focus on the Present and an Outlook on the Future 1, 2, , 3 1,4 Jacopo Angelini y , Rossella Talotta * y , Rossana Roncato , Giulia Fornasier , Giorgia Barbiero 1, Lisa Dal Cin 1, Serena Brancati 1 and Francesco Scaglione 5 1 Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (J.A.); [email protected] (G.F.); [email protected] (G.B.); [email protected] (L.D.C.); [email protected] (S.B.) 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU “Gaetano Martino”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy 3 Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Pordenone, 33081 Aviano, Italy; [email protected] 4 Pharmacy Unit, IRCCS-Burlo Garofolo di Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy 5 Head of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Director of Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, 20162 Milan, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-090-2111; Fax: +39-090-293-5162 Co-first authors. y Received: 16 May 2020; Accepted: 1 July 2020; Published: 5 July 2020 Abstract: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) belong to a new class of oral targeted disease-modifying drugs which have recently revolutionized the therapeutic panorama of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immune-mediated diseases, placing alongside or even replacing conventional and biological drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Data Sheet APO-LEFLUNOMIDE
    New Zealand Data Sheet APO-LEFLUNOMIDE 1. APO-LEFLUNOMIDE (10mg and 20mg tablets) 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Leflunomide 10mg or 20mg Chemical Structure: Leflunomide or N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-carboxamide), an isoxazole derivative. Its empirical formula is C12H9F3N2O2 The chemical structure of leflunomide is shown below: Excipient(s) with known effect Apo-Leflunomide do not contain gluten. Apo-Leflunomide contain lactose For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM APO-LEFLUNOMIDE 10mg are white, round, biconvex tablet engraved "LE" over "10" on one side and "APO" on the other side. Each tablet typically weighs 70mg. APO-LEFLUNOMIDE 20mg are white, arc triangular shaped biconvex tablet, engraved "LE" over "20" on one side and "APO" on the other side. Each tablet typically weighs 140mg. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications APO-LEFLUNOMIDE is indicated for the treatment of: • Rheumatoid arthritis, to improve signs and symptoms to retard joint destruction and to improve functional ability and quality of life. Leflunomide may be used in patients who have failed to respond to other treatments or as a first line of treatment in patients who have a contraindication to other treatments. • Active Psoriatic Arthritis. Leflunomide is not indicated for the treatment of psoriasis that is not associated with manifestations of arthritic disease. 4.2 Dose and method of administration Loading Dose Leflunomide therapy is started with a loading dose of 100mg once daily for 3 days. Avoiding a loading dose may decrease the risk of adverse events if leflunomide is used in combination with methotrexate.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Oral Agents for the Treatment of Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
    Journal name: Drug Design, Development and Therapy Article Designation: Review Year: 2017 Volume: 11 Drug Design, Development and Therapy Dovepress Running head verso: Guarnera et al Running head recto: Comparison of oral agents for RRMS treatment open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S137572 Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW Comparison of efficacy and safety of oral agents for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis Cristina Guarnera Abstract: In the therapeutic scenario of disease-modifying therapies for relapsing–remitting Placido Bramanti multiple sclerosis, the introduction of oral agents, starting in 2010 with fingolimod, has been a Emanuela Mazzon huge step forward in therapeutic options due to the easier administration route. Three oral drugs fingolimod, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate, which are clinically approved for the treat- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino- Pulejo”, Messina, Italy ment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, are reviewed in this work. Results of Phase III clinical trials and their extension studies showed that the three oral agents significantly reduced the annualized relapse rate – a superior efficacy compared to placebo. Fingolimod 0.5 mg con- sistently reduced clinical relapses and brain volume loss. In all Phase III studies, teriflunomide 14 mg dose showed a reduction in the risk of disability accumulation. Regarding safety profile, fingolimod had more safety issues than the other two agents. For this reason, it should be strictly monitored for risks of infections, cancers, and certain transitory effects such as irregular cardiac function, decreased lymphocyte count, and a higher level of liver enzymes. Adverse effects of teriflunomide are well characterized and can be considered manageable.
    [Show full text]
  • Rheumatological Conditions with Disease-Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs in Adults
    Leflunomide Traffic light classification- Amber 1 Information sheet for Primary Care Prescribers Part of the Shared Care Protocol: Management of Rheumatological Conditions with Disease-Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs in Adults Indications1 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis – licensed. Therapeutic Summary Leflunomide can be used to reduce disease activity in patients with rheumatological disease. Clinical benefit may take up to 6 months1. NSAIDs and simple analgesics may need to be continued. Patient reported adverse effects usually occur early in therapy, but please see explicit criteria for review below. A wash out procedure may be performed on advice of a specialist, when switching from leflunomide to another DMARD or in the case of a desired pregnancy (see contraindications), due to its long half-life. Products available Leflunomide film coated tablets - 10mg, 20mg and 100mg. Dosages and route of administration1,2 Leflunomide is given orally. Typical regime – 10-20mg once a day when monotherapy is used. In cases of combination therapy with another potentially hepatotoxic DMARD, like methotrexate, 10mg once a day is usually recommended (therapeutic efficacy may be reduced with the reduced dosage). Loading dose – 100mg once a day for 3 days may be used to speed up the onset of effect. Unacceptable gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhoea may occur when a loading dose is given and this is often omitted in routine practice. A loading dose is not recommended when used as part of combination therapy. Duration of treatment
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment Report
    15 December 2016 EMA/13493/2017 Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Assessment report Olumiant International non-proprietary name: baricitinib Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/004085/0000 Note Assessment report as adopted by the CHMP with all information of a commercially confidential nature deleted. 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5520 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union Table of contents 1. Background information on the procedure .............................................. 9 1.1. Submission of the dossier ..................................................................................... 9 1.2. Steps taken for the assessment of the product ...................................................... 10 2. Scientific discussion .............................................................................. 11 2.1. Problem statement ............................................................................................. 11 2.1.1. Disease or condition ........................................................................................ 11 2.1.2. Epidemiology .................................................................................................. 11 2.1.3. Clinical presentation ........................................................................................ 11 2.1.4. Management ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cimzia (Certolizumab Pegol)
    PHARMACY POLICY STATEMENT Kentucky Medicaid DRUG NAME Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) BILLING CODE For medical – J0717 (1 unit = 1 mg) Must use valid NDC code for self-administered product BENEFIT TYPE Pharmacy or Medical SITE OF SERVICE ALLOWED Outpatient/Office/Home COVERAGE REQUIREMENTS Prior Authorization Required (Preferred Product) QUANTITY LIMIT— 1200 per 28 days LIST OF DIAGNOSES CONSIDERED NOT Click Here MEDICALLY NECESSARY Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) is a preferred product and will only be considered for coverage under the pharmacy or medical benefit when the following criteria are met: Members must be clinically diagnosed with one of the following disease states and meet their individual criteria as stated. ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AS) For initial authorization: 1. Member must be 18 years of age or older; AND 2. Must have a documented negative TB test (i.e., tuberculosis skin test (PPD), an interferon-release assay (IGRA)) within 12 months prior to starting therapy; AND 3. Medication must be prescribed by a rheumatologist; AND 4. Member has had back pain for 3 months or more that began before the age of 50; AND 5. Member shows at least one of the following signs or symptoms of Spondyloarthritis: a) Arthritis; b) Elevated serum C-reactive protein; c) Inflammation at the tendon, ligament or joint capsule insertions; d) Positive HLA-B27 test; e) Limited chest expansion; f) Morning stiffness or post rest stiffness for 1 hour or more; g) Increased occiput to wall distance; AND 6. Member meets at least one of the following scenarios: a) Member has Axial (spinal) disease; b) Member has peripheral arthritis without axial involvement and has tried and failed treatment with methotrexate or sulfasalazine.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide for Refractory COVID-19
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.20114223; this version posted June 2, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide for Refractory COVID-19: An Open-label Controlled Study Qiang Wang,1* Haipeng Guo,2* Yu Li, 3* Xiangdong Jian,4* Xinguo Hou,5 Ning Zhong,6 Jianchun Fei,7 Dezhen Su,8 Zhouyan Bian,8 Yi Zhang,3 Yingying Hu,9 Ya n Sun,10 Xueyuan Yu,11 Yu an Li , 2 Bei Jiang,11 Yan Li, 11 Fengping Qin,11 Yingying Wu,11 Yanxia Gao, 1 Zhao Hu11 For numbered affiliations see end of the article Correspondence to: Z Hu, Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250012, China, [email protected]. 1 NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.20114223; this version posted June 2, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide for Refractory COVID-19: An Open-label Controlled Study ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of leflunomide for the treatment of refractory COVID-19 in adult patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Immunosuppressive Therapy DR
    OCTOBER 2017 Immunosuppressive Therapy DR. ANDREW MACKIN BVSc BVMS MVS DVSc FANZCVSc DipACVIM Professor of Small Animal Internal Medicine Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Starkville, MS A number of established immunosuppressive agents have been used in small animal medicine for many decades. Some have justifiably fallen out of favor whereas, for others, new and promising uses have been described in the recent veterinary literature. Established “old favorites” have included cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, azathioprine, danazol and vincristine, although cyclophosphamide and danazol are rarely used as immunosuppressive agents these days. Several potent immunosuppressive drugs developed over the past few decades in human medicine have recently made the leap to our small animal patients, and our use of drugs such as cyclosporine, leflunomide and mycophenolate is growing. Cyclophosphamide Cyclophosphamide, a cell-cycle nonspecific nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent, was one of the first major chemotherapeutic agents approved by the FDA over 50 years ago, and has since become very well-established in human medicine as both an antineoplastic drug and as an immunosuppressive agent. Within a few years of FDA approval in the late 1950s, the use of cyclophosphamide for the prevention of transplant rejection in experimental models and for the treatment of both neoplasia and immune-mediated diseases was described in both dogs and cats. Cyclophosphamide has persisted to this day as one of the core drugs used in many small animal cancer chemotherapeutic protocols. In contrast, after many years as one of the most commonly immunosuppressive drugs utilized to treat immune-mediated diseases in cats and dogs, the use of cyclophosphamide as an immunosuppressive agent in small animal patients has in the past two decades essentially faded away.
    [Show full text]