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A New Bernissartiid Crocodyliform from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation (Wealden Group, Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, Southern England

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A New Bernissartiid Crocodyliform from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation (Wealden Group, Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, Southern England Editors' choice A new bernissartiid crocodyliform from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation (Wealden Group, Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, southern England STEVEN C. SWEETMAN, ULYSSE PEDREIRA-SEGADE, and STEVEN U. VIDOVIC Sweetman, S.C., Pedreira-Segade, U., and Vidovic, S.U. 2015. A new bernissartiid crocodyliform from the Lower Cre- taceous Wessex Formation (Wealden Group, Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, southern England. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (2): 257–268. A substantially complete skull of a small crocodyliform recently found on the foreshore near Yaverland on the south- east coast of the Isle of Wight, southern England is described. The locality, mode of preservation and associated matrix indicate that it is derived from one of the plant debris beds of the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation (Barremian, Wealden Group). The dentition, unique among crocodyliforms, serves to confirm that the specimen is referable to the, until now, monotypic family Bernissartiidae. Apomorphies, including placement of the choana entirely within the pterygoids and disposition of cranial sutures demonstrate that the Isle of Wight skull cannot be referred to Bernissartia fagesii, known from contemporaneous strata. Furthermore, these characters indicate that the specimen should not be referred to a new species of Bernissartia. It is therefore placed in a new genus and species, Koumpiodontosuchus apros- dokiti. The systematic position of Bernissartiidae, and characters used to diagnose Eusuchia, including placement of the choana(e) within the prerygoids, are discussed. Until recently this condition was thought to be restricted to Eusuchia with all non-eusuchian neosuchian crorocdiliforms possessing choanae bounded posteriorly by the pterygoids and an- teriorly by the palatines. While the choana of Koumpiodontosuchus aprosdokiti gen. et sp. nov. is entirely bounded by the pterygoids it differs from the choanae of eusuchians in lacking a median septum, being anteroposteriorly elongate and in its anterior placement. Key words: Crocodyliformes, Eusuchia, Neosuchia, Bernissartiidae, Cretaceous, Barremian, Wealden, England. Steven C. Sweetman [[email protected]] and Steven U. Vidovic [[email protected]], Palaeobiolo- gy Research Group, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burna- by Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, United Kingdom. Ulysse Pedreira-Segade [[email protected]], Département des Sciences de la Terre, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 et Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 2 rue Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France. Received 4 April 2013, accepted 28 February 2014, available online 11 March 2014. Copyright © 2015 S.C. Sweetman et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. face has been prepared to reveal the palatal bones, the sutures Introduction between them and the location of the choana. The crocodyliform assemblages of the Wealden Supergroup Institutional abbreviations.—IRSNB, Institut Royal des Sci- of southern Britain have recently been the subject of a com- ences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels; IWCMS, the Isle prehensive review which also involved the erection of a of Wight County Museum Service (incorporating Dinosaur number of new taxa (Salisbury and Naish 2011). The au- Isle museum and visitor attraction); NHMUK, the Natural thors were aware of the skull described here, but it had not History Museum, London. been accessioned in a registered collection. Furthermore, no Other abbreviations.—MPTs, most parsimonious trees. preparation of the specimen had been undertaken and most of the ventral surface was obscured by matrix. Subsequently, Nomenclatural acts.—The electronic edition of this article the skull was accessioned in a museum, and the ventral sur- conforms to the requirements of the amended Internation- Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 60 (2): 257–268, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00038.2013 258 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 60 (2), 2015 A B void of organic remains, reflecting unfavourable conditions N for their preservation. However, the plant debris beds, which London Cowes comprise localized debris flow deposits and which make up only a small proportion of the succession, contain a highly 200 km Ryde diverse fauna and flora derived from a variety of terrestrial and freshwater environments (see Sweetman and Insole 2010 Yarmouth Newport for a detailed discussion; Sweetman 2011a for a general re- view of the Wealden Group of the Isle of Wight; and Batten The 2011 for an account of the flora and fauna as a whole). The Needles Yaverland Brook Bay Sandown vertebrate fauna, which is best known for its high diversity of non-avian dinosaurs, also includes a diverse assemblage of Brighstone Bay crocodyliforms, comprising six named taxa and at least three locality Ventnor more known from fragmentary, isolated remains (Salisbury Paleogene (undifferentiated) and Naish 2011; Sweetman 2011b; SCS personal observa- Chalk Group 5km Gault/Upper Greensand tions). Among the former are isolated teeth referred by Buf- Cretaceous Lower Greensand Group fetaut and Ford (1979) to Bernissartia sp. indet., which may Wealden Group in fact belong to the taxon described below. Fig. 1. Outline map of southern Britain showing the location of the Isle of Wight (A). Outline geological map of the Isle of Wight showing the locality from which the holotype specimen IWCMS 2012.203–204 was Material and methods obtained (B). The skull is substantially complete, including both the cra- al Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and hence the new nium and mandibles in occlusion. It is broken, the break ev- names contained herein are available under that Code from idently having occurred during natural exhumation, into two the electronic edition of this article. This published work and parts diagonally from the anterior edge of the orbit on the right the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in side to approximately one quarter the length of the rostrum ZooBank. The ZooBank LSID (Life Science Identifier) for from its posterior end on the left side. The posterior part has this publication is: urn: lsid: zoobank.org: pub: 7C6C43AF- the accession number IWCMS 2012.203 and the rostral part B045-4AEC-A22E-29349F13A507. Bed Vectis Formation (Radley 1994) p Locality, geological and 40 palaeontological settings mudstone 39 plant debris bed p p sandstone / sand The skull was found in two parts loose on the beach north-east * * * 38 sideritic concretions of Yaverland coastal car park at UK National Grid Reference 37 calcareous concretions SZ 615851 on the south-east coast of the Isle of Wight (Fig. 1). limonitic concretions The posterior part was found in March 2011 and by remarkable 36 intraclasts p pyrite serendipity the gracile rostral section, which had suffered little 35 irregular lamination post-exhumation abrasion, was recovered some three months contorted lamination cross lamination later. Coastal erosion is continuous along this part of the coast 34 irregular surface and cliff falls commonly occur, especially during the winter mudcracks p p months. In the vicinity of the sites of collection the upper part * * 33 slickensides 32 burrows of the Wessex Formation is exposed and is late Barremian in 31 rootlet structures p p 30 age (Kerth and Hailwood 1988; Hughes and McDougall 1990; 29 plant debris comminuted plant debris Allen and Wimbledon 1991; Robinson and Hesselbo 2004). m 28 5 p p extrabasinal clasts At this locality it incorporates both isolated, and a stacked p p barite veins 27 sequence of plant debris beds (Sweetman and Insole 2010). bivalves These are the main source of plant, invertebrate and vertebrate 26 gastropods * ostracods and charophytes fossils. The state of preservation of the skull and the associated vertebrate remains 25 matrix suggest that it is derived from one of the plant debris 1 dinosaur footprints beds between beds 26 and 38 (Radley 1994; Fig. 2). Fig. 2. Schematic lithological log of the upper part of the Wessex Forma- The Wessex Formation represents primarily fluvial depo- tion exposed in the cliff and on the foreshore in the vicinity of Yaverland sition on a near coast floodplain with subordinate lacustrine on the south east coast of the Isle of Wight. Modified from Radley (1994) and terrestrial deposits. The majority of the succession is de- with additional data. SWEETMAN ET AL.—EARLY CRETACEOUS BERNISSARTIID CROCODYLIFORM FROM SOUTHERN ENGLAND 259 IWCMS 2012.204. The latter lacks small fragments adjacent present, are obscured by matrix but posterior teeth are robust to the fracture on the dorsal surface and a small section of and equivalent in size to the largest of the substantial number the mandible posteriorly on the left side. The premaxillae of isolated teeth of similar morphology recovered from mi- are missing their extreme anterior ends where the somewhat crovertebrate remains; dermal sculpture is well developed; procumbent first maxillary and procumbent dentary teeth (see and sutures are fully closed, rendering some of them difficult below) have also lost their anterior ends, apparently to abra- to determine. These features serve to confirm that the skull sion from wave action on the beach prior to collection. How- represents a mature individual which, based on an extrapola- ever, post-exhumation abrasion is minimal for both parts of tion
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