New : From the time allegations of misappropriation during the bidding for allocation of 2G spectrum surfaced, till Telecom Minister A Raja's ouster, high drama charged both politics in Delhi and . So what exactly is the Spectrum Scam that led to all this?

WHAT IS SPECTRUM SCAM?

y 2G licenses issued to private telecom players at throwaway prices in 2008 y CAG: Spectrum scam has cost the government Rs. 1.76 lakh crore y CAG: Rules and procedures flouted while issuing licenses

WHAT ARE THE CHARGES ON FORMER TELECOM MINISTER A RAJA?

CHEAP TELECOM LICENSES

y Entry fee for spectrum licenses in 2008 pegged at 2001 prices y Mobile subscriber base had shot up to 350 million in 2008 from 4 million in 2001

NO PROCEDURES FOLLOWED

y Rules changed after the game had begun y Cut-off date for applications advanced by a week y Licenses issued on a first-come-first-served basis y No proper auction process followed, no bids invited y Raja ignored advice of TRAI, Law Ministry, Finance Ministry y TRAI had recommended auctioning of spectrum at market rates

FAVOURITISM, CORPORATES ENCASH PREMIUM

y Unitech, Swan Telecom got licenses without any prior telecom experience y Swan Telecom given license even though it did not meet eligibility criteria y Swan got license for Rs. 1537 crore, sold 45% stake to Etisalat for Rs. 4200 crore y Unitech Wireless got license for Rs. 1661 crore, sold 60% stake for Rs. 6200 crore y All nine companies paid DoT only Rs. 10,772 crore for 2G licences

OTHERS IN THE NET

y DMK chief M Karunanidhi's daughter and MP Kanimozhi who has been named by the CBI as a co- conspirator with A Raja y Shahid Balwa, the promoter of Swan Telecom, who the CBI believes had a central role in the 2G spectrum scam. He has been accused of colluding with former Telecom Minister A Raja by allegedly channelising kickbacks Raja got from the spectrum sale into the real estate y Unitech chief Sanjay Chandra and DB Realty founder Vinod Goenka who have been chargesheeted for cheating and conspiracy y Three senior executives of Anil Ambani controlled ADAG, Gautam Doshi, Hari Nair and Surendra Pipara. All these are currently lodged in Tihar Jail y Former telecom secretary Sidharth Behura, who allegedly shut counters to physically block other telecom companies, faces the same charges as Raja. And so does Raja's Personal Secretary RK Chandolia

THE ROLE OF KALAIGNAR TV

One of the companies named by the CBI in the 2G scam - Swan Telecom - allegedly sent Mr Raja a Rs. 214-crore kickback that was routed through a maze of companies but rested finally with Kalaignar TV channel in Chennai that is owned mainly by Kanimozhi and Dayalu Ammal. Together, they have 80% stake in the company. Sharad Kumar, the Managing Director of Kalaignar TV, owns the balance and has also been accused of conspiring with Mr Raja.

KANIMOZHI STATEMENT: Read more at: http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/what-is-2g-spectrum-scam-66418&cp : Kanimozhi, the daughter of the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, is due tomorrow in the Delhi court that's trying 's biggest-ever scam - the 2G spectrum scam. Kanimozhi has been accused of conspiracy and accepting a bribe. Sources in the CBI say they will oppose her bail. That means the young MP from the DMK could be sent to jail.

"If that is what the legal system wants...we have to face everything legally...we cannot run away from things like the opposition leader in Tamil Nadu does," she said today to NDTV, while taking a swipe at her party's political bete noire, Jayalalithaa. "We have to respect the court...we have to face it...I can't keep running away," Kanimozhi said. "We have to face whatever the courts decide and I don't want to speculate...let's wait and see what happens tomorrow." The DMK MP says she doesn't expect leniency because she's a woman.

Kanimozhi, a Rajya Sabha MP, has been accused by the CBI of accepting a 214-crore bribe along with her partyman, A Raja, who is already in Tihar Jail. Mr Raja was Telecom Minister when he allegedly gave away licenses and 2G spectrum in 2008 to companies that did not meet the eligibility criteria. He has been accused of cheating, forgery and criminal conspiracy.

So far, the CBI has opposed bail for anyone who has been chargesheeted in the 2G scam, including five executives from some of the country's biggest companies - Swan Telecom, Reliance Telecom and Unitech Wireless. Sources in the CBI say that while opposing Kanimozhi's bail, they will argue, like in the case of the executives, that she could influence witnesses if she is not sent to jail.

Kanimozhi's husband and mother are in Delhi with her. M Karunanidhi, her father, reportedly wanted to accompany her to court tomorrow but she refused his offer. "We don't want him to travel all the way," she said. Mr Karunanidhi has in recent weeks been critical of what he describes as excessive publicity given to Kanimozhi's interrogation in March in Chennai. He also expressed his resentment of the chargesheet against her being leaked to the media a few days before the CBI presented it in court.

Kanimozhi, whose stepbrothers MK Alagiri and MK Stalin are also heavyweight politicians, is known to be her father's favourite.

Along with her stepmother, she owns a part of Kalaignar TV, a local channel in Chennai. A bribe from Swan Telecom to Mr Raja - a hefty thank you for a telecom license - was allegedly routed through a labyrinth of companies before it was deposited with Kalaignar. During her interrogation, Kanimozhi said that the money was part of an equity deal that collapsed; she said the money was returned with interest. However, the CBI points out that the return was made only after Mr Raja started being questioned about the 2G scam.

Today, she repeated the line of defence she offered during her interrogation by the CBI. "I am not a director and I have not made any decisions," she said, suggesting that she was not aware of the deals being struck by Kalaignar TV. However, the CBI has countered this claim in its chargesheet, describing her as an active player in her TV channel. The CBI pointed out that she lobbied hard for broadcasting permits and for Kalaignar to be added to Tata Sky's DTH service.

CHIDAMBARAM STATEMENT TO MM JOSHI

New Delhi: The rancor over Murli Manohar Joshi's report on the 2G scam is causing a political meltdown. Today, Mr Chidambaram has accused Mr Joshi of "gross distortion" in the section that dissects Mr Chidambaram's role. (Read: Chidambaram's complete rebuttal here) "Even a person of average intelligence," Mr Chidambaram charges, should be able to spot what Mr Joshi has incorrectly stated.

As Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, Mr Joshi drafted a report on the telecom scam and faulted, among others, the Prime Minister, his office, and Mr P Chidambaram who was Finance Minister in 2008 when the scam was executed, allegedly by A Raja as Telecom Minister. Mr Raja is now in jail for servicing companies who allegedly bribed him handsomely for licenses and spectrum at clearance prices.

At a meeting of the Public Accounts Committee yesterday, 11 of the 21 members, most of them from the Congress and DMK, voted against Mr Joshi's report. Mr Joshi, who is one of the Opposition BJP's most senior leaders, stormed out of the meeting. He says he had adjourned the meeting before the vote took place - so the report has not been rejected. The government believes that it has. The Speaker, Meira Kumar, is likely to play a crucial role in deciding who's correct.

Mr Chidambaram, who is now Home Minister, says that a letter written by him to the Prime Minister in January 2008, after telecom licenses were allotted, has been deliberately taken out of context by Mr Joshi. The report prepared by Mr Joshi faults Mr Chidambaram for asking the Prime Minister to "treat the matter as closed" - Mr Joshi says this is an example of the "multiple systematic failure" that allowed a "nefarious" Mr Raja to execute his scam. Mr Joshi says too many parts of the government looked away when Mr Raja had his hand in the cookie jar.

Not true, says Mr Chidambaram, alleging that "even a person with average intelligence" would have noticed that his letter referred not to the "entry fee" or what companies had to pay to enter the market, but to usage charges for spectrum. It is the entry fee - of 1600 crores per operator in 2008-that has shocked experts, mainly because that was the rate decided upon in 2001.

The term of the current Public Accounts Committee expires Saturday. Mr Joshi is meant to Chair the new committee as well.

New Delhi: Dayalu Ammal, wife of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M Karunanidhi and Additional Director of Kalaignar TV Pvt Ltd, has told CBI that she was not aware of the source of Rs. 200 crore which came to the channel in which she has a 60 per cent share.

The CBI, in its second chargesheet, has named Ammal as one of the witnesses in the while other shareholders Kanimozhi, daughter of Karunanidhi and Rajya Sabha MP along with the channel's Managing Director Sharad Kumar, have been named as accused.

"On being asked about the source of Rs. 200 crore which came to Kalaignar TV Pvt Ltd during December 2008 onwards, I state that I am not aware about the same as I am neither managing nor involving myself in the day-to-day affairs of the company," Dayalu Ammal said in her statement to CBI on March 11 this year.

The CBI had earlier told a Delhi court that Rs. 200 crore connected with the 2G spectrum scam had travelled from a partnership firm of Swan Telecom promoter Shahid Usman Balwa, who has been chargesheeted in the case, to Kalaignar TV Pvt Ltd.

Kanimozhi and Sharad Kumar hold 20 per cent share each in Kalaignar TV and the CBI has named both in its second chargesheet in connection with the Rs. 200-crore transaction.

Read more at: http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/not-aware-of-source-of-rs-200-crores-dayalu-ammal- 101928&cp

2G spectrum scam From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The 2G spectrum scam in India involved the issue of 1232 licenses by the ruling Congress-led UPA alliance[1] of the 2G spectrum to 85 companies[1] including many new telecom companies with little or no experience in the telecom sector at a price set in the year 2001.

The scam involved allegations regarding

y the under pricing of the 2G spectrum by the Department of Telecommunications which resulted in a heavy loss to the exchequer, and y the illegal manipulation of the spectrum allocation process to favour select companies

The issue came to light after the auction of airwaves for 3G services which amounted to 67,719 crore (US$15.1 billion) to the exchequer.[2] A report submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General based on the money collected from 3G licenses estimated that the loss to the exchequer due to under pricing of the 2G spectrum was 176,379 crore (US$39.33 billion).[3]

The scam came to public notice when the Supreme Court of India took Subramaniam Swamy's complaints on record [With Case type:Writ Petition (Civil),Case No:10, Year:2011].[4] it is a very dangerous scam by A Raja. There still many licenses sold from A Raja

Contents

[hide]

y 1 Civil Servants, Politicians and Corporations Involved in scam bad o 1.1 Politicians, Ministers and Parliamentarians involved o 1.2 Bureaucrats involved o 1.3 Corporations involved o 1.4 Corporate personalities involved o 1.5 Media persons and lobbyists involved y 2 Politicans, Ministers and Parlimentarians involved y 3 Petitioners to 2g scam y 4 Loss to Exchequer y 5 Relationship between media and government o 5.1 petitions over leak y 6 Response to scam y 7 Arrests and Chargesheets y 8 P.A.C. (Public Accounts Committee) y 9 Impact on stock markets y 10 See also y 11 References y 12 External links

[edit] Civil Servants, Politicians and Corporations Involved in scam bad

All the accused have been booked under sections 120(B) (criminal conspiracy), 468 (Forgery for purpose of cheating), 471 (using as genuine a forged document or electronic record), 420 (cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property) and 109 (abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment) of the Indian Penal Code.[5]

[edit] Politicians, Ministers and Parliamentarians involved

y Andimuthu Raja, Union Cabinet Minister for Communications and Information Technology : The Comptroller and Auditor General holds Raja personally responsible for the sale of 2G spectrum at 2001 rates in 2008, resulting in the previously mentioned loss of up to Rs. 1.76 lakh crores (US$40 billion) to the national exchequer.[6] In August, 2010, evidence was submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) showing that Raja had personally signed and approved the majority of the questionable allocations.[7] y M. K. Kanimozhi, Member of Rajya Sabha : On April 25, 2011 Kanimozhi was named as a co- conspirator in the supplementary chargesheet filed by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in connection with the 2G spectrum case. The chargesheet submitted before the Supreme Court establishes how Rs 200 crore connected with the scam traveled from a partnership firm of businessman Shahid Balwa of Swan Telecom to the Karunanidhi family-owned Kalaignar TV.[5] She has been charged with section 7 and 11 of the Prevention of Corruption Act. The sections deal with acceptance of alleged gratification.[8]

[edit] Bureaucrats involved

y Siddhartha Behura, Civil Servant (IAS officer of 1973 batch UP cadre) : He was the Telecom secretary who served in the DOT at the time of the 2G allocation. y Pradip Baijal, Civil Servant (IAS officer of 1966 batch MP cadre) : He is alleged to have recommended policies that favored certain Telecom companies when he was heading the TRAI. Post retirement, Baijal joined Noesis, a consulting firm.[9][10] Raja has made references to Baijal's decisions in 2003 as the basis for his decisions in 2008; something which has been attacked by Arun Shourie and several media pundits. The houses and offices of the bureaucrat were visited by the Central Bureau of Investigation in December 2010 as part of their investigations.[11] However, Baijal is expected to get a clean chit in this issue [12] y R K Chandolia, Civil Servant (IES officer of 1984 batch cadre) : He was private secretary of Raja during UPA-I when the licences were awarded. When Raja became the Telecom Minister once again in UPA-II, Chandolia had been promoted to the Joint Secretary rank. Raja re-designated him Economic Adviser, that gave him the charge of all important policy-related work. Chandolia interacted with all the licensees. It is said that it was Chandolia who, from DDG-access services A K Srivastava's room, had handed out letters of intent to representatives of various companies.[13]

[edit] Corporations involved

y Allianz Infra[14] y y Dishnet Wireless y Loop Mobile y Sistema Shyam Mobile (MTS) ʹ Sistema Mobile Russia y Reliance Communications y S Tel y Swan Telecom y Tata Tele Services y Unitech Group y Videocon Telecommunications Limited y Vodafone Essar y Virgin Mobile India

[edit] Corporate personalities involved

y Anil Ambani - Reliance Group (ADAG)[15] - y Ratan Tata y Shahid Balwa - Swan Telecom (now Etisalat DB) y Vinod Goenka - Swan Telecom (now Etisalat DB) y Venugopal Dhoot - Videocon Group y Prashant Ruia - Essar Group y Sanjay Chandra, Managing Director of Unitech Ltd and Unitech Wireless

All of them have either been questioned by the CBI or are prospective suspects in the scam.

[edit] Media persons and lobbyists involved

y Nira Radia, a former airline entrepreneur turned corporate lobbyist whose conversations with politicians and corporate entities were recorded by the government authorities. The contents were later leaked by unknown parties creating the Nira Radia tapes controversy [edit] Politicans, Ministers and Parlimentarians involved

y , former Union Cabinet Minister for Textiles : The main allegation revealed by Tehelka magazine and followed up in several other reports, is that Maran forced C Sivasankaran, owner of Aircel, to sell the telecom company to Maran's Malaysia-based friend T Ananda Krishnan in 2006. The reports allege that Maran deliberately delayed issuing spectrum licenses to Aircel's sister concern, Dishnet Wireless, when it was owned by Sivasankaran. He issued the licenses soon after it changed hands to Ananda Krishnan who owns Maxis.[16] y P. Chidambaram, current Union Cabinet Minister for Home Affairs : Subramaniam Swamy states that when the 2G Spectrum rate was finalised, P.Chidambaram was the finance minister of India and he had a major role in deciding the spectrum price with A.Raja. Subramaniam alleges that Chidambaram had received kickbacks and undervalued the spectrum cost.[17] [edit] Petitioners to 2g scam

y Subramaniam Swamy, activist lawyer and politician, whose letters to the Prime Minister demanding action and affidavits and cases in the Supreme Court brought the issue into the public limelight. y Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, a journalist who was one among the very first to write on the irregularities in the awarding of 2G spectrum allocation by the Telecom Ministry. He is also one of the petitioners in the 2G PIL currently being heard in the Supreme court.[18] y Prashant Bhushan, on behalf of the Centre for Public Interest Litigation. y Anil Kumar, on behalf of the civil society organisationTelecom Watchdog y Others:Several eminent people like former chief election commissioners J.M. Lyngdoh, T.S. Krishnamurthy and N. Gopalaswami and former central vigilance commissioner (CVC) P. Shankar are also petitioners in the suits filed by civil society groups.[14] [edit] Loss to Exchequer

The Controller and Auditor General of India used three different methods to assess the presumptive loss to the exchequer resulting from not auctioning 2G spectrum.[19]

The first method was based on the fact that S Tel, one of the licensees, explicitly offered to pay significantly higher license fees for the spectrum. Based on the fees offered by S Tel, the CAG estimated the loss to the exchequer at 67,364 crore (US$15.02 billion)

The second method was based on the price recovered by the 3G auction in 2010. The CAG reasoned that since 2G is really 2.75G (EDGE), its price should be comparable to that of 3G licenses. Based on this method, the CAG estimated the loss to the exchequer to be 176,000 crore (US$39.25 billion)

The third method was based on the fact that some of the licensees received FDI in the form of equity, shortly after the spectrum allocation. The CAG reasoned that this equity infusion was entirely due to the value of the allocated spectrum; this can be construed as re-sale of the spectrum by the licensee, and hence was a valid basis for assessing loss to the exchequer. Based on this method, the CAG estimated the loss to the exchequer to be anywhere between 57,666 crore (US$12.86 billion) (based on Etisalat's investment in Swan Telecom) and 69,626 crore (US$15.53 billion) (based on Telenor's investment in Unitech).

For its part, the Congress-party led government has publicly defended itself on this count and Kapil Sibal, who replaced A. Raja as the communication minister, has refuted the CAG reasoning.[20] He has also justified his government's decision not to auction 2G spectrum as being in line with the policy guidelines laid down by the 10th Five-Year Plan.[21][22] [edit] Relationship between media and government

Main article: Nira Radia tapes controversy

Media sources such as OPEN and Outlook reported that Barkha Dutt and Vir Sanghvi knew that corporate lobbyist Nira Radia was influencing the decisions of A. Raja.[23] The critics alleged that Dutt and Sanghvi knew about corruption between the government and the media industry, supported this corrupt activity, and suppressed news reporting the discovery of the corruption.[23]

[edit] Ratan Tata petitions over leak

The tapes leaked to the public include conversations between Nira Radia and Ratan Tata. Tata petitioned the government to acknowledge his right to privacy and demanded accountability for the leak, with the Minister for Home Affairs, CBI, Indian Income Tax Department, the Department of Telecommunication, and the Department of Information Technology as respondents in the petition.[24]

On April 4, 2011 Indian Parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC)questioned Tata Sons Chairman Ratan Tata and corporate lobbyist Niira Radia regarding their roles in 2G Scam.[25] [edit] Response to scam

In early November 2010 Telecom Minister A Raja resigned.

In mid November the controller Vinod Rai issued show-cause notices to Unitech, S Tel, Loop Mobile, Datacom (Videocon), and Etisalat to respond to his assertion that all of the 85 licenses granted to these companies did not have the up-front capital required at the time of the application and were in other ways illegal.[26] Some media sources have speculated that these companies will receive large fines but not have their licenses revoked, as they are currently providing some consumer service.[26]

In response to the various allegations, the Govt of India has replaced the then incumbent Telecom minister, A. Raja with Kapil Sibal who has taken up this charge in addition to being the Union minister for Human Resources Development.Mr Sibal contends that the "notional" losses quoted are a result of erroneous calculations and insists that the actual losses are nil.[20][21]

The CBI conducted raids on Raja and four other telecom officials - former telecom secretary Siddharth Behura, Raja's personal secretary R K Chandolia, member telecom K Sridhar and DoT deputy director general A K Srivastava on 8 December 2010.Kanimozhi, DMK MP and Karunanidhi's daughter, was arrested and sent to Tihar jail by a Delhi court which dismissed her bail plea in the 2G spectrum scam, saying there was a possibility of witnesses being influenced considering the "magnitude" of the crime.[27] [edit] Arrests and Chargesheets On February 2, 2011, the Central Board of Direct Taxes arrested former Telecommunications Union Minister Andimuthu Raja. The CBDT also arrested R.K. Chandolia, Raja's personal aide, and Siddharth Behura, the former Telecom Secretary.[28][29] Both Raja and Chandolia are heard in conversation with Niira Radia in the released Radia tapes.

On February 8, 2011, the CBI arrested based Dynamix Balwas (DB) group managing director Shahid Usman Balwa in connection with the 2G spectrum allocation scam. The CBI has evidence from the Income Tax department that Shahid Usman Balwa, considered close to Raja, was instrumental in channelling the kickbacks allegedly received by the former telecom minister.[30]

On March 29, 2011, in Delhi, the CBI arrested Asif Balwa (younger brother of the arrested former Managing Director of DB-Etisalat Group, Shahid Balwa) and Rajeev Agarwal for their alleged involvement in money transfer to the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's (DMK) Kalaignar TV channel.[31]

On April 2, 2011, the CBDT filed its first 80,000 page chargesheet in the 2G spectrum scam before a Special Court in Delhi naming nine individuals and three companies. It said the wrongful acts of the accused deprived the government exchequer of possible revenues amounting to INR Rs 30,985 crore (USD $ 6,983,322,233). The accused include the following individuals:[32]

1. Andimuthu Raja, former Telecom minister 2. Siddharth Behura, former Telecom Secretary 3. R.K. Chandolia, Raja's former personal secretary 4. Shahid Usman Balwa, former Director of Swan Telecom (now Etisalat DB) 5. Sanjay Chandra, Managing Director of Unitech Ltd and Unitech Wireless 6. Gautam Doshi, Group MD, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group 7. Hari Nair, Senior Vice-President, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group 8. Surendra Pipara, Senior Vice-President, Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group and Reliance Telecom Ltd 9. Vinod Goenka, Director, Swan Telecom (now Etisalat DB)

The three companies named are:

1. Swan Telecom 2. Unitech Wireless 3. Reliance Telecom

In the first chargesheet, the CBI had named lobbyist Niira Radia and 124 others as witnesses.

On 25 April 2011, in its second chargesheet in the scam, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) named five more accused individuals:[33]

1. Kanimozhi - Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament (DMK) and daughter of Tamil Nadu ex-Chief Minister M Karunanidhi 2. Sharad Kumar of Kalaignar TV 3. Karim Morani of Cineyug Films 4. Asif Balwa of Kusegaon Realty 5. Rajiv B Agarwal of Kusegaon Realty

On 20 May 2011, Special CBI Judge O P Saini of the Delhi court ordered the arrest of DMK Member of Parliament Kanimozhi and Kalaignar TV Managing Director Sharad Kumar after rejecting their bail pleas in the 2G spectrum case.[34]

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2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991. Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone conversations were digitally encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.

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First answer by Amitshah.in. Last edit by Kamuna. Contributor trust: 1736 [recommend contributor]. Question popularity: 51 [recommend question].

Can you answer these blackberry devices questions? y How do you fix your speaker phone on a blackberry? y How do you get blackberry app world after deleted? y How can you get blackberry app world back if you deleted it? y How do you download blackberry app world on a blackberry? Related answers: y What about 2g spectrum? 2G is means nothing but the wireless mobiles which was introduced in second generation are call as 2-G . spectrum is means nothing but it is a bandwidth which was given by y What is the full form of 2G in 2G spectrum? Second Generation telecommunication standard. Now #G is in operation and 4G is expected.

y What is mean by 2g and 3g spectrum? it is the new technology which is implemented to develop the mobile services...ie it brings higher speed to the users..so that internet computation becomes very easy...and voice clarity etc...

y What is 2g spectrum in Tamil? Dont know dont care 2G means 2nd Generation(Erandam Thalaimurai) & spectrum is a radio frequency band width this one used for make the communication path between the mobile phone users....

y What is Scandal of 2G Spectrum? THE SPECTRUM SCAM 2G licenses issued to private telecom players at throwaway prices in 2008 CAG: Spectrum scam has cost the government Rs. 1.76 lakh crore CAG: Rules and procedures flouted while...

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_2G_spectrum#ixzz1UziExArf

2G spectrum case: A chronology New Delhi, July 7 (IANS) The 2G telecom case took another turn Thursday with second DMK minister Dayanidhi Maran resigning from the union cabinet over his involvement in what is billed one of the biggest scams in India. A timeline of the case: - Oct 22, 2009: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) files a first information report (FIR) against unidentified officials of the department of telecommunications on the 2G spectrum (airwaves) auction, based on a reference from the Central Vigilance Commission.

- November first week, 2010: Media publishes contents of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) report on the 2G spectrum auction. The CAG said the public exchequer suffered a notional loss of Rs.1.76 lakh crore ($40 billion) due to faulty auction procedure under the then communications minister Andimuthu Raja in 2008.

- Nov 9, 2010: Protests start by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), the Left and other parties, which demand a joint parliamentary committee (JPC) probe into the spectrum scandal which washed away the five-week winter session of parliament.

- Nov 14, 2010: Raja submits his resignation to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in New Delhi. Claims he did no wrong.

- Nov 16, 2010: CAG report on 2G spectrum allocation tabled in both houses of parliament amidst uproarious scenes.

- Dec 8, 2010: The CBI raids the house of Raja and premises of former aides Siddharth Behura and R.K. Chandolia in New Delhi. It also raids houses and offices of Raja's relatives, associates and some journalists and social workers in Tamil Nadu linked to the DMK and Raja. The CBI claims recovering incriminating documents.

- Dec 15, 2010: The CBI raids the houses and offices of Niira Radia, a corporate lobbyist linked with Raja. She is subsequently questioned by the CBI several times.

- Dec 24-25, 2010, and Jan 31, 2011: The CBI questions Raja in New Delhi.

- Feb 2, 2011: The CBI arrests Raja, Chandolia and Behura.

- April 2, 2011: The CBI files charges against nine people and three firms -- Raja, Chandolia, Behura, Swan Telecom promoter Shahid Balwa, director Vinod Goenka, Unitech director Sanjay Chandra and three officials from the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group -- Gautam Doshi, Hari Nair and Surendra Pipara.

- April 20, 2011: Special city court denies bail to Goenka, Chandra, Doshi, Nair and Pipara.

- April 25, 2011: In a major embarrassment for Karunanidhi, daughter Kanimozhi named co-conspirator, along with Sharad Kumar of Kalaignar TV, Karim Morani of Cineyug Films, and Asif Balwa and Rajiv B. Agarwal of Kusegaon Realty.

- May 20, 2011: Kanimozhi's bail plea rejected. She is sent to judicial custody in Tihar Jail. Sharad Kumar also sent to jail.

- June 20, 2011: The Supreme Court refuses Kanimozhi's bail plea.

- July 6, 2011: The CBI files a status report in the Supreme Court, alleging that Maran had forced telecom promoter C. Sivasankaran to sell his Aircel stake to the Maxis group considered close to his family.

- July 7, 2011: Maran resigns from the union cabinet.