South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (Final)

South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

SOUTH GREENOUGH

CAPE BURNEY

COASTAL PLANNING STRATEGY

PREPARED AND ADOPTED AS A LOCAL PLANNING STRATEGY PURSUANT TO REGULATIONS 12A AND 12B OF THE TOWN PLANNING REGULATIONS 1967

Final – May 2013

South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

DOCUMENT CONTROL Revision Description Date 0 Draft Strategy 17 August 2012 Draft Strategy 1 30 November 2012 Modified as per WAPC letter 30 November 2012. Final Strategy 2 Modified as per Council resolution 26 March 2013 23 May 2013 and WAPC letter 16 May 2013.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The City of Greater Geraldton acknowledges the work undertaken by We Are Arising and Coastal Focus in the preparation of this Strategy.

South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2010 Status of Coastal Planning in Western Australia Report recommended the development of a planning strategy for the coastline between Greenough River mouth and Dongara to address increasing development and recreational pressures. The need for a more detailed planning and management strategy for this area was also identified in the Batavia Coast Strategy. The South Greenough to Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (the Strategy) is a document developed in response to these pressures and needs.

The Strategy encompasses the coastal area west of the Brand Highway and Company Road from the Greenough River mouth at Cape Burney to the southern boundary of the City of Greater Geraldton, south of Headbutts beach. The study area has been divided into two sections based on the two dominant landscape features: the Dune System and the Coastal Plain.

The Strategy provides strategic planning guidance for future land use, development and subdivision that is consistent with local and State Government policy and sustainable development principles. It also provides management recommendations by taking into account the environmental, cultural and social values of the coastal systems.

During 2009 and 2010 (as part of the Dongara to Cape Burney Coastal Strategy project) the preparation and collation of important background information, including technical reports, was undertaken. These studies, undertaken by external consultants, included a Coastal Geomorphology report a Visual Landscape Assessment and a Vegetation Survey which are available from the WA Planning Commission’s website (www.planning.wa.gov.au).

The development of the Strategy included substantial community and stakeholder engagement through varied consultation methods such as public information displays, online surveys and community workshops.

All large scale, high impact, residential and tourist resort type development should be located within the existing urban settlement of Geraldton. Coastal nodes (major and minor day use) within the study area are identified. Major nodes should continue to be managed and upgraded to ensure a high level of facilities. Overnight accommodation of a low to medium scale could potentially be developed in the immediate Flat Rocks vicinity. Minor day use nodes should provide for a lower level of facilities.

Provision of formal access to the coast will assist in reducing indiscriminate, illegal access and associated environmental degradation and management implications. It is envisaged that additional coastal access locations may be appropriate as part of low impact rural tourism proposals in appropriately located sites.

Land use, development and subdivision proposals will only be supported if proven to be in accordance with the relevant criteria for either the Dune system or the Coastal Plain. Proposals should also align with the key objectives and the local vision of the Strategy.

South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

The South Greenough to Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy will be used to guide decision making within the strategy area. Implementation of the strategy’s recommendations will occur through various mechanisms, including:

 scheme amendments;  local planning schemes;  local planning strategies;  local planning policies;  subdivision and development applications; and  state and local government policies and strategies.

South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PART I: CONTEXT ...... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1.1 Background ...... 1 1.1.2 Study Area ...... 1 1.1.3 Purpose ...... 2 1.2 PLANNING CONTEXT ...... 3 1.2.1 State Planning ...... 3 1.2.2 Regional Planning ...... 4 1.2.3 Local Planning ...... 5 1.3 TECHNICAL REPORTS ...... 9 1.4 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ...... 10 1.4.1 On-line Survey and Website ...... 10 1.4.2 Community Workshops ...... 10 1.4.3 Other Consultation ...... 11 1.5 REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ...... 12 1.5.1 Biophysical Environment ...... 12 1.5.2 Coastal Geomorphology ...... 14 1.5.3 Vegetation ...... 15 1.5.4 Heritage ...... 16 1.5.5 Visual Landscape ...... 17 1.5.6 Land Use ...... 19 2 PART II: STRATEGY ...... 23 2.1 Principles and Objectives ...... 23 2.1.1 Scope ...... 23 2.1.2 Guiding Principles ...... 23 2.1.3 Local Vision ...... 23 2.1.4 Key Objectives ...... 24 2.2 Settlement and Coastal Tourism Hierarchy ...... 25 2.2.1 Coastal Nodes ...... 25 2.2.2 Major Nodes ...... 26 2.2.3 Minor Day Use Nodes ...... 26 2.2.4 Access ...... 26 2.3 Land Use, Development and Subdivision Guidelines ...... 27 2.3.1 Planning Precincts ...... 27 2.3.2 Dune System ...... 28 2.3.3 Dune System Land Use Guidelines ...... 28 2.3.4 Dune System Development Guidelines ...... 28 2.3.5 Dune System Subdivision Guidelines ...... 30 2.3.6 Coastal Plain ...... 30 2.3.7 Coastal Plain Land Use Guidelines ...... 31 2.3.8 Coastal Plain Development Guidelines...... 31 2.3.9 Coastal Plain Subdivision Guidelines ...... 32 2.3.10 Planning Approval...... 33 2.3.11 Revegetation Guidelines ...... 33

South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

2.3.12 Cash-in-Lieu of Revegetation ...... 34 3 PART III: MANAGEMENT ...... 35 3.1 Management Goals ...... 35 3.2 Management Recommendations ...... 35 3.2.1 Land Use ...... 35 3.2.2 Built Environment ...... 36 3.2.3 Heritage ...... 36 3.2.4 Visual Landscape ...... 36 3.2.5 Coastal Geomorphology ...... 36 3.2.6 Fire Management ...... 37 3.2.7 Water and Waste Management ...... 37 3.2.8 Tourism and Recreation ...... 37 4 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ...... 38

FIGURES Figure 1 – Study Area Figure 2 – Landscape Features Figure 3 – Land Tenure Figure 4 – Coastal Nodes

APPENDICES Appendix A – Summary of Community Workshop Outcomes & Online Survey Results Appendix B – Coastal Nodes Site Plans (Lucy’s Beach & Flat Rocks) Appendix C – Flood Mapping Appendix D – Tourism WA Visitor Survey Appendix E – Vegetation Condition Mapping

List of Technical Reports (available from the WA Planning Commission’s website www.planning.wa.gov.au)

 Dongara to Cape Burney, Western Australia: Coastal Geomorphology, October 2011 Prepared by Damara WA Pty Ltd  Dongara to Cape Burney: Visual Landscape Assessment, October 2011 Prepared by Ecoscape (Australia) WA Pty Ltd  Dongara to Cape Burney Coastal Vegetation Survey, August 2010 Prepared by Ecoscape (Australia) WA Pty Ltd

South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

1 PART I: CONTEXT For the purpose of this Strategy, the study 1.1 INTRODUCTION area has been divided into two sections based on the two dominant landscape 1.1.1 Background features rather than cadastral lines. The two distinctive landscape features The coastline, stretching from the throughout the study area are the dune Greenough River mouth at Cape Burney system and the coastal plain (see Figure to the southern boundary of the City, is 2). rich in ecological, socio-economic and heritage values with its sandy beaches, The high ridge of dunes is fragmented by high dune ridges and productive privately owned rural properties that farmland. Like many other coastal generally extend to Company Road and stretches in Western Australia this area is the Brand Highway. There are narrow under increasing pressure from human stretches of foreshore, which are either activity, conflicting user demands and Unallocated Crown Land or reserves accelerated climate change. If not vested in local government. These vary in adequately managed soon, these width but are generally less than 100m pressures will result in degradation of the wide. The majority of the study area is coastal environment and loss of private freehold land, with pockets of invaluable ecosystems services and crown reserve, crown lease, Unallocated functions. Crown Land and local government reserves (see Figure 3). The South Greenough to Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (the Strategy) is a document developed in response to these pressures. Specifically, the Strategy provides strategic planning guidance and management strategies for future land use, subdivision and development that is consistent with local and State Government policy, sustainable development principles, and takes into account the environmental values of the coastal systems and best practice coastal management.

1.1.2 Study Area

The study area (see Figure 1) is a coastal strip approximately 28km long and 2km wide, located west of Company Road and the Brand Highway from the Greenough River mouth at Cape Burney to the southern boundary of the City of Greater Geraldton (south of Headbutts beach).

1 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

1.1.3 Purpose be necessary to plan for this part of the coast. In 2009 the Department of In 2005 the WA Planning Commission Planning formed a Steering Committee published the Status of Coastal Planning and began a process to develop the in Western Australia Report (2004/2005). Dongara to Cape Burney Coastal Strategy. This document identified the need for and Unfortunately in 2011 the WA Planning subsequently recommended the Commission resolved to not proceed with development of a coastal strategy for the the Dongara to Cape Burney Coastal coastline between Greenough River Strategy, however the outcomes of that mouth and Dongara to address increasing process are being integrated into local development pressure in the future. planning processes and have been used in the development of this Strategy. The The WA Planning Commission’s more South Greenough to Cape Burney Coastal recent Status of Coastal Planning in Planning Strategy has been commissioned Western Australia (2010) states that a by the City of Greater Geraldton using the strategy covering the coast from the background and technical information Greenough River mouth to Dongara is (technical reports, community required to address increasing pressure. consultation and relevant information It should cover: foreshore reserve width; from surveys and desktop analysis) strategic planning (including subdivision gathered for the development of the guidance); management arrangements; Dongara to Cape Burney Coastal Strategy. and an assessment of conservation The Strategy aims to provide guidance for values, landform significance and the City of Greater Geraldton, the recreational needs. community, businesses and other government agencies on land use The Batavia Coast Strategy identifies the planning and development decisions in coastal strip between Dongara and the study area. Greenough as a priority area for more detailed, strategic planning activities to guide development and provide a strategic context for statutory provisions. Additionally, there have been a number of decisions by the State Administrative Tribunal that have acknowledged the need for "strategic plans and coastal management plans to distinguish those areas for conservation and those areas for low scale or more intensive residential development” (WATPAT 112, 2004).

In 2008, the Department of Planning, in conjunction with the (then) City of Geraldton-Greenough and the Shire of Irwin, re-commenced the planning for the Dongara to Cape Burney coast. It was initially envisaged that a strategy would

2 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

1.2 PLANNING CONTEXT  Guidance for the location and siting of essential infrastructure and The coastal environment is important to recreation facilities; and the lifestyle and livelihood of the people  Mechanisms for the protection of of Western Australia. The vast majority of environmental, cultural and the population choose to live and recreate heritage assets. at coastal locations. It is also important economically as it supports ports and The coast of Western Australia is well shipping, marine industries and mineral covered by a range of planning exploration. The coastal environment is instruments including regional strategies, under increasing pressure from human structure plans and detailed coastal plans. activity and conflicting user demands. However, plans always require review to Coastal planning and management based ensure that they are suited to current on sound principles of sustainability can planning needs. Many parts of the coast, help to resolve these conflicts and while covered by relevant strategies, have mitigate the impacts of our reliance on not had more detailed coastal plans coastal resources. prepared to assist with the implementation of these strategies and Planning provides an opportunity to day-to-day management. coordinate and integrate a range of community and agency activities and to 1.2.1 State Planning obtain implementation commitments and actions through an inclusive and The State Planning Framework is set out collaborative process. Development, in State Planning Policy No 1 and unites recreation and industry pressures on the existing State and regional policies, coast can be managed through the strategies and guidelines within a central formulation of regional, district and local framework which provides a context for plans, leading to more sustainable use in decision-making on land use and the future. Coastal planning strategies development in Western Australia. The provide a framework for the development planning framework informs the WA of land use planning and development Planning Commission, local government decisions by communities as well as local, and other stakeholders involved in the state and federal authorities. In addition planning process on those aspects of to identifying and resolving coastal State level planning policy that are to be management issues, coastal strategies taken into account, and given effect to, in generally provide: order to ensure integrated decision- making across all spheres of planning.  Strategic planning guidance for the location of suitable land uses adjacent to the coast;  Subdivision guidance for the scale, nature and form of development;  Principles and objectives for the management of human usage, access and conflicts;

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State Planning Strategy State Planning Policy No. 3.5 Historic Heritage Conservation The intent of the State Planning Strategy is to provide a long-term, coordinated This policy sets out the principles of sound vision for land use planning in Western and responsible planning for the Australia. It highlights that in planning for conservation and protection of Western the Central Region and the Midwest in Australia’s historic heritage. SPP3.5 seeks particular, protection of coastal and to conserve places and areas of historic marine environments is a priority. heritage significance and to ensure that development does not adversely affect State Planning Policy No. 2.6 State Coastal the significance of heritage places and Planning Policy areas.

SPP2.6 was gazetted in June 2003 and is 1.2.2 Regional Planning the principal State government policy for coastal planning guidance in Western Batavia Coast Strategy Australia. SPP2.6 provides appropriate measures for preparing local and regional The Batavia Coast Strategy provides a planning strategies, structure plans, framework for coastal planning and schemes, subdivisions, strata subdivisions management at a regional and local level and development applications. It also for the area of coast between Kalbarri and provides guidance for decisions and Dongara in the Midwest region. The instruments relating to planning along the sectors identified in the Batavia Coast coast, and identifies the processes Strategy relevant to this Strategy are involved in the preparation of a coastal Greenough (sector C) and Cape Burney planning strategy and/or foreshore (sector D – The Greenough River mouth). management plan. The Batavia Coast Strategy identifies both Major Day Use and Minor Day Use Sites in A review of the SPP2.6 is underway and in the study area as follows: May 2010 the WA Planning Commission endorsed a position statement for sea Major Day Use Sites – These sites level rise in recognition of nationally should continue to be managed and accepted and adopted increases in sea upgraded to ensure a high level of level rise projections. facilities, such as designated 2WD vehicle access, car parking areas, State Planning Policy No. 2.5 Agricultural ablution facilities, shelters, precincts to and Rural Land Use Planning demarcate and separate competing users (particularly off-road vehicles The aim of the SPP 2.5 is to ensure that: and pedestrians), information and the State’s priority agricultural land signage, walk trails and designated off- resource is protected; rural settlement road vehicle entry points, where opportunities are assessed and managed appropriate. sustainably; land use conflicts are minimised; and the State’s natural Sites identified in the study area are resources are adequately managed. Lucy’s Beach and Flat Rocks.

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Minor Day Use Sites – These are site on coastal dunes are identified on the Map public land where access where access as having ‘Environmental Value’. The can be gained generally without the ‘Central Greenough Heritage Area need to traverse private land. In some Boundary’ runs from the Brand Highway 'S cases, however public access is only Bend' north to Westbank and includes a possible by off-rod vehicles along the portion of the coastal plain referred to as beach and alternatively access through the ‘Front Flats’ area. private property. Where demand for use increases or private landowners The Local Planning Strategy identifies the are unwilling to allow continued soils of the Greenough Flats as being access, alternative arrangements may highly productive for agricultural pursuits need to be secured. This may require and is subject to encroachment from the creation of new road reserves and growth of Geraldton, thus further construction of access tracks or subdivision needs to be avoided. planned access from alternative points along the beach. A low level of The Local Planning Strategy highlights that development is recommended previous investigations of the stability of including planned public access by the coastal dune areas south of the dedicated public access tracks or Greenough River mouth indicated that rationalised beach access and/or there are two areas that are more stable tracks. than the majority of the dunes and may be capable of development for uses other Sites identified in the study area are than rural. These areas are at Westbank Cape Burney, South Cape Burney, and in the vicinity of Flat Rocks. The Devlins Pool (Blue Moonies), Ranches, appropriate future use for Flat Rocks Lucy’s Surf Spot, Duncans Pool, The needs to be determined as part of more Spot, Dhus Rock, Twomeys and detailed coastal planning for this Headbutts. coastline.

1.2.3 Local Planning The Local Planning Strategy acknowledges the potential for some form of more Local Planning Strategy (Greenough) intensive land use and development centred on Flat Rocks. Any proposal for The purpose of this document is to this area will need to have regard for the provide a strategic direction for the character and landscape values of the former Shire of Greenough area in terms area, coastal and land management of land use planning and development to considerations, including bush fire risk, ensure the coordination of infrastructure and infrastructure and service and urban growth. It identifies the likely requirements. This area will need to be land uses that will be established and clearly distinguished from surrounding indicates the preferred location for these coastal land, both spatially and in the land uses over the next 15 years. Town Planning Scheme, with specific zoning and development controls. Any The study area is shown on the Strategy proposals for this area will also need to Plan Map as ‘Rural’ with the Westbank address the recommendations of the Estate shown as ‘Rural Residential’. The Batavia Coast Coastal Planning Strategy,

5 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

(which identifies Flat Rocks as a major day Potential land uses include intensive and use area). extensive agriculture, recreation and tourism. The Rural Strategy provides The Flat Rocks area is described in the guidance on subdivision for heritage Local Planning Strategy as one of the best conservation, intensive agriculture to a surfing spots in Western Australia and minimum of 40ha on the Front Flats and also has good fishing and other coastal 10ha around the Greenough Hamlet. attractions. The area is presently undeveloped and there may be an City of Greater Geraldton Local Planning opportunity for a tourist development at Scheme No. 5 (Greenough) this location if compatible with strategic planning for the coastline. Local Planning Scheme No. 5 was gazetted in April 2010. The aims of the Scheme Local Rural Strategy (Greenough) relevant to this Strategy are:

This Rural Strategy guides future land use  To promote the sustainable use of and subdivision decisions for rural areas. rural land for agricultural purposes The agricultural areas are divided into six whilst accommodating other rural precincts based on the natural land units. activities;  To protect and enhance the Three areas are shown as ‘Other Areas’ environmental values and natural (Westbank, Reserve 7276 south of the resources of the Scheme area and Greenough River Mouth and Reserves to promote ecologically sustainable 37333 and 8613 at Lucy’s) on the Local land use and development; and Rural Strategy Map. Development  To safeguard and enhance the provisions for these other areas are found character and amenity of the built in either the Local Planning Strategy or and natural environment of the the Local Planning Scheme. Scheme area.

In general the coastal dunes are located in The Scheme covers the study area (south the ‘Quindalup Dunes’ precinct. The of Town Planning Scheme No. 1A). The precinct has little potential for agriculture majority of land in the study area is zoned and parts of the precinct (particularly in 'Rural'. This zone provides for extensive the southern section) have conservation agricultural uses which contribute to the values. Potential land uses include general wellbeing of the region and state conservation, recreation and tourism at and which are compatible with the Flat Rocks. The Rural Strategy provides capability of the land. Lot sizes in the guidance on subdivision for 'Rural' zone are to be consistent with the conservation/landscape protection Local Planning and Local Rural Strategies. purposes to a minimum of 60ha. Westbank is zoned ‘Rural Residential’, The coastal plain (containing the Front which provides for the use of the land for Flats) is located in the ‘Greenough Plains’ residential purposes in a rural setting for precinct. This precinct is characterised by alternative rural residential lifestyle while broadacre grazing and cropping with preserving the amenity of such areas, some intensive agricultural activities. ensure landscape protection and

6 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final) conservation and controlling land use Preservation and Parks and Recreation. impacts. The minimum lot size is 1 – 4ha Land uses will be considered by the local and certain land management issues need government based on the intended use of to be addressed for development the reserve. approval to be granted. Guidelines for Rural Development South of The land abutting the Greenough River (to the Greenough River Mouth Westbank) and the land abutting the coast is a Local Scheme Reserve for the Development and subdivision along the purpose of ‘Parks and Recreation’. rural coastline is guided by the Guidelines for Rural Development South of the Portions of the Front Flats are within the Greenough River Mouth. The general ‘Greenough Heritage Special Control Area’ objective of this study is to provide a where the purpose is to conserve and management framework for the enhance the overall heritage values and development and use of the coastal lands landscape character of the area. and nearshore waters.

In terms of land uses, the Scheme The guidelines cover issues such as land entertains uses such as Agriculture stability, recreation, access, coastal Extensive and Intensive, Bed and management, landscape protection and Breakfast, Holiday Home, Cottage subdivision. In general, the guidelines do Industry, Private Recreation, Rural Pursuit not support further subdivision of farming and a Single House. Other tourist related land along the coast and recommends land uses such as Tourism Development, that: Caravan Park, Hotel, Motel and Restaurant are not permitted in the  The entire coastal strip be zoned ‘Rural’, ‘Rural Smallholding’ or ‘Rural appropriately for Dune Protection Residential’ zones and would need a and Rural Residential; scheme amendment to allow for these  Subdivision in stable areas should uses to take place. be permitted for Rural Residential land use and subdivision should be With regard to use within a ‘Local Scheme in accordance with an approved Reserve’, the local government in making subdivision plan and be subject to a decision to develop a reserve, will have certain conditions; due regard for the intended use of the  A foreshore management plan reserve. should be undertaken when Rural Residential development is City of Greater Geraldton Town Planning undertaken; and Scheme No. 1A (Greenough River Resort)  No further subdivision should be permitted in the unstable parts of The City of Greater Geraldton Town the coast. Planning Scheme No. 1A was gazetted in May 1986 and covers the northern portion of the study area that abuts the Greenough River. The area is covered by two ‘Local Scheme Reserves’, Dune

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Greenough Flats and Walkaway Land Use Flat Rocks Structure Plan Strategy The broad objective of this Structure Plan Although adopted by the (former) Shire of (produced in 1997) was to set out a plan Greenough in August 2001, this Strategy for the future land use allocation in the has not been endorsed by the WA Flat Rocks area in an environmentally Planning Commission and is now sustainable manner. The overall superseded by the Local Planning and development concept was for a self- Local Rural Strategies. However it is contained coastal node incorporating worth noting the land use and subdivision rural-residential, tourist and commercial aspects. development.

The majority of the coastal dunes are Given the age of this Structure Plan and located in Precinct No. 5 – Coastal the outcomes of this Strategy it will be Preservation. The intent of this Precinct is necessary to update this Structure Plan to protect the landscape values and prior to any development at Flat Rocks. landform attributes and preserve habitat and natural flora and fauna. It advocates subdivision to a minimum lot size of 40ha for conservation purposes and does not support rural residential subdivision or tourist uses.

Westbank and the Flat Rocks area are located in Precinct No. 6 – Rural Residential. The intent of this Precinct is to facilitate subdivision for rural living (subject to detailed planning and Local Planning Policies rezoning) on stable landforms. The City of Greater Geraldton has over 30 The majority of the coastal plain is located policies dealing with various planning and in Precinct No. 1 – Agriculture where the development issues. Most relevant to this intent is to protect the land for Strategy is the ‘Low Impact Rural Tourism’ agricultural purposes. policy.

A small portion of the coastal plain near This policy provides for incidental tourist Westbank is located in Precinct No. 3 – accommodation in the rural areas in a Tourism where it is proposed to promote manner that does not conflict with a mix of tourist accommodation and existing or potential agricultural pursuits. activities complementary with the It establishes criteria for low impact agricultural landscape and historical tourist development in rural areas to significance of the area. It does not ensure that the environmental attributes, support the subdivision of agricultural landscape values and the visual and rural land. character and amenity of the municipality are not compromised.

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The policy defines “Low Impact Tourist  The Dongara to Cape Burney, Developments” as including farmstay Western Australia: Coastal accommodation that encompasses Geomorphology report describes chalets, cabins, guesthouse and bed & the geomorphology of the coast breakfast accommodation where between the northern limit of the occupation by any person is limited to a Dongara townsite and the mouth of maximum of 3 months in any 12 month the Greenough River at Cape period. Development is generally of Burney south. This will assist to single storey or split level construction identify areas of relative instability and has a character not dissimilar to farm including sections of the beach and dwellings. dune system that are potentially subject to environmental change. The policy prescribes the maximum scale of development that can be  The Dongara to Cape Burney: Visual accommodated on lots within the rural Landscape Assessment aims to areas as no more than 3 chalets/cabins or assess landscape features in order a bed & breakfast facility or a 4 bedroom to develop landscape management guest house which accommodates no objectives and design guidelines more than 8 people (or other tourist within the Dongara to Cape Burney facilities of similar land use intensity). area.

It further states that larger scaled  The Dongara to Cape Burney developments and land uses will not be Coastal Vegetation Survey aims to approved under this policy and will provide a regional context of native require, if found to be justified, an vegetation in the Greater Geraldton amendment to the Town/Local Planning region to allow informed planning Scheme to incorporate a site-specific decisions to be made. zoning for the development proposed. The Technical Reports are available from 1.3 TECHNICAL REPORTS the WA Planning Commission’s website (www.planning.wa.gov.au) During 2009 and 2010 (as part of the Dongara to Cape Burney Coastal Strategy project) the preparation and collation of important background information, including technical reports, was undertaken. This required a detailed desktop review of previous studies carried out in the study area and the identification of further studies required to cover information gaps. These studies, undertaken by external consultants, included:

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1.4 COMMUNITY plan, workshop locations and times, and CONSULTATION take part in the on-line survey.

The purpose of undertaking community Between August 2009 and January 2010 consultation was to gain an understanding an online survey was conducted to of community and key stakeholder determine the community’s level, and responses to issues relating to future area, of interest in being involved in the development and land use of the coast. preparation of the Strategy. The survey The objectives of the community also allowed the community to provide engagement process were to: their opinions on the future of the area by providing their feedback on issues such as  Inform the community that a access, future development and coastal coastal planning strategy is being management. Responses to the survey prepared; questions totalled 50.  Determine community attitudes regarding current use of the coast; Survey participants stated that they were  Establish community aspirations for likely to participate in community the future of the coast; engagement activities such as the on-line  Gain information regarding key survey and read reports and documents sites and issues; on the website. Those who provided  Provide the opportunity for a wide feedback via the website mainly have a range of residents and stakeholders landowner, holiday maker, fishing or off- to have input in the planning road vehicle interest in the study area. process;  Provide feedback to the community 1.4.2 Community Workshops on the project; and  Build capacity of local communities. Two sessions were held to consult with the communities and other interested A combination of informative, interactive groups and individuals to discuss the and facilitative engagement methods following questions: were used including on-line surveys and website, community workshops, mail  What do you value most about the drop and newsletters (see Appendix A). Dongara/Cape Burney coast?  What are the main issues that need 1.4.1 On-line Survey and Website addressing for the Dongara/Cape Burney coast? The website was used as an evolving tool  How would you like to see the to relay up-to-date information on Dongara/Cape Burney coast in 2030 development of the Strategy to the (in terms of development, land use, community. The website allowed the conservation, etc.)? community to download documents such as the project scope, the communications The key outcomes of the workshops relevant to the Strategy are as follows:

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Common Values Common Issues Participant’s ‘Vision’ (2030) Recreational use Coastal access Not much change Landscape (features & beauty) Building and managing Limited development development & population pressure Heritage (Aboriginal and European) Facility provision Increased coastal access Solitude Protection of cultural sites & Conservation of the heritage and environmental environment management Biodiversity Inherent risks (associated Protect biodiversity with the local environment) Table 1: Key Outcomes of Community Workshops

Feedback was also sought relating to the A key theme that arose in this following individual themes: consultation was that the community believed low scale, low-key development  Coastal management; in the study area would be beneficial for  Access; the management of informal coastal  Current usage and recreational access and of the foreshore reserve. needs; and  Future land use. City of Geraldton-Greenough Coastal Communities Study Limited access to beaches and controlled management of off-road vehicles were Although not part of this process, a recent issues of concern. Most respondents Coastal Communities Study was prepared were in favour of mixed access (2WD, by the Northern Agricultural Catchments 4WD, pedestrian and cycle) with several Council and Beckwith Environmental pointing out that this should be in a Planning in May 2010. This study controlled manner. Tourism was documented the values and opinions of a favoured as the most acceptable future representative sample of people living land use, with development on low and within 3km of the coast in Geraldton- sustainable scales. There was no clear Greenough. Responses totaled 506. The agreement from respondents on the most Coastal Communities Survey also involved appropriate locations for development. interviews with key coastal stakeholders from the tourism industry, businesses, 1.4.3 Other Consultation local government, coast care groups, and development industry. The study has also Community members also emailed and been used to inform this Strategy. telephoned members of the Dongara to Cape Burney Steering Committee. Some landholders also provided the Steering Committee with concept plans of their ideas for land use in the study area.

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1.5 REGIONAL  Poor land management CHARACTERISTICS  Unmanaged access  Grazing pressure 1.5.1 Biophysical Environment  Exotic weeds  Feral animals Ecological Values  Population growth (a multiplier for all the other threats) People value the ecology of an area in  Climate change (linked to increased different ways. Some people value erosion and water availability) conservation and recreational activities, others value the economic benefits of Other Threats: tourism or agricultural use. Appropriate  Changed fire regimes foreshore and land management is one of  Agricultural nutrients and the most important ways of ensuring contaminants maintenance, protection and  Changed hydrology enhancement of ecological values for  Not enough tourism development future sustainable use. and lack of facilities  Litter/rubbish dumping A positive community attitude is fostered  Stormwater runoff from urban by placing a high value on the areas environment and its ecology.  Recreational activities such as Encouraging community participation in fishing and surfing coastal planning and management gives  Mining of lime sands the community a sense of ownership of  Destruction of Aboriginal sites the area and the community will in turn  Camping want to protect the cultural and  Disease ecological significance of their coastline and adjacent land. Actively engaging the Climate community in coastal planning and management will also ensure the values The climate in the study area is and assets are passed on to future characterised as Mediterranean, with hot, generations. dry summers, and cool, wet winters. The climate of the region is strongly Through all the surveys, workshops and influenced by a band of high pressure studies completed as part of the Dongara known as the sub-tropical ridge which is to Cape Burney Coastal Strategy, a located south of Geraldton for much of common list of threats to the ecological the year, which results in prevailing values of the study area emerge. easterly winds. Hot summer days are largely the result of these north-easterly Priority Threats: winds blowing hot dry air from the  Clearing and fragmentation interior of the state; however, these are  Coastal erosion often moderated by south to south-  All terrain vehicles and motorbikes westerly afternoon sea breezes. The on dunes mean annual rainfall is approximately  Cars on beaches 460mm across an average of 80 days  New coastal development throughout the year.

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The State of the Environment Report: Hydrology Western Australia (2007) states that the impacts of climate change will be The Greenough River is the main river substantial, including accelerated loss of system in the study area and is located biodiversity, changes to economic within the Greenough River Basin. productivity and the availability of water Surface drainage in the area is seasonal, supplies, and hence people's lifestyles. with peak flows occurring between July The Climate Change Risks to Australia's and August. The Greenough River starts Coasts Report (2009) reaffirms that many in Yalgoo, approximately 240km north of coastal areas in Australia, and particularly Geraldton, and runs through the top third in Western Australia, are already and will of the study area, meeting the Indian increasingly experience accelerated Ocean at Cape Burney. The Greenough coastal erosion due to rising sea levels. River is a regionally significant waterway The Report also states that understanding in terms of biodiversity, habitat provision, both the short and long-term implications aesthetic values, cultural values and of these impacts is needed to inform recreation in the Mid West region. The adaptation planning. low relief of the Greenough River makes flooding a concern during high rainfall Geology events.

For the development of this Strategy, the Fauna geology of the region is described in the Coastal Geomorphology Technical Report. The fauna of the study area is typical of that found in the coastal sections of the The Study area falls within the Perth Geraldton Sandplains bioregion. Many of Basin, a deep trough nearly 1,000m long, the medium weight range mammals have containing mainly sedimentary rock. The become locally extinct as a result of Abrolhos sub-basin lies to the west of the introduced predators. More commonly study area and forms the offshore reef seen mammal species include the grey systems that are evident in the southern kangaroo, echidna and dunnart. As a portion of the study area. The Greenough result of predation and clearing, many Alluvium Flats are eroded plains that have bird species have also suffered declines. been infilled by flood events with alluvial The beach zone of the area also hosts a deposits. The Quindalup Dune System range of migratory wader species and adjoins the Greenough Alluvium Flats to marine birds. The Australian Sea Lion has the west and abuts the entire coastline of also been observed on the beaches within the study area. The dune system is the study area. The area has a high characterised by Calcareous deep and diversity of reptiles and frogs, with the shallow sand and makes up the sand swimming skinks being particularly foredunes, deflation plains, swales, diverse. Relatively little is known of the blowouts and parabolic dunes in the study invertebrate species of the area, however, area. The Tamala System consists of the variety of vegetation types in the area calcarenite, kankar and quartz sands and would be expected to host a wide range is associated with leached sands formed of species. over limestone.

13 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

Marine Vegetation range of 1.3m. High surge conditions related to mid-latitude storms and other The study area contains a high diversity of extreme events may combine with high seagrass species and macroalgal tides and wave activity to induce communities. Local habitats such as substantial beach responses and lead to limestone pavements, sand sheets and destabilisation of the coastal dunes, reef support seagrass and macroalgal especially along the more exposed growth. Major seagrass species surveyed sections of shore. in the area include Amphibolis griffithii, A. antarctica, Posidonia sinuosa and P. Compartments and Sediment Cells australis. The analysis (conducted as part of the 1.5.2 Coastal Geomorphology Coastal Geomorphology Technical Report) of the broad-scale stability and Metocean Processes susceptibility (vulnerability) of the coast between Dongara and Cape Burney, The Dongara to Cape Burney coast faces identifies landforms susceptible to southwest into the prevailing swell waves environmental change and subsequently of the region. The reef topography assists decision-making regarding the controls the coastal processes through its location of any proposed coastal effect on wave refraction and shoaling, development. An examination of the and by structurally supporting the modern coastal geomorphology, associated beach sands overlying its landward landform assemblages as well as extension beneath the beach and dunes. meteorological and oceanographic The shore is comprised of steep, narrow (metocean) processes was conducted for sandy beaches alternating with rocky the coast between Dongara and Cape coast. The sea breezes and storm winds Burney providing information relevant for are significant for determination of the the development of this Strategy. local wind-wave regime, set-up of water levels (surge) and mobilisation of the The coastal geomorphology report coastal sand dunes. identifies broad structural components of the coast (sediment compartments) that Wave buoys located offshore from are characterised by a common geological Dongara and Geraldton have recorded framework and smaller functional units wave data since 1993. Swell waves (sediment cells) associated with the generated in the southern Indian Ocean movement of sediment within each combine with locally generated wind- compartment. Compartments and waves to determine the regional wave Sediment Cells within the study area are regime. Wave heights in the area vary illustrated in Figure 2 of the Coastal with the season and geographic location Geomorphology Technical Report. The along the shore. During summer, wave two major landforms within the Strategy’s heights range between 0.5m and 3.0m, study area are the Headbutts to Phillips and in winter from 0.5m to over 4.0m. Road (Compartment 3) and the Phillips Road to Cape Burney South The region experiences predominantly (Compartment 4). diurnal tides, with a microtidal spring-tide

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An indicative scoring system was increased fire risks, fauna deaths, feral developed for five levels of landform animals and weed invasion. stability and sensitivity to change (see Table 5 of the Coastal Geomorphology Nine plant communities have been Technical Report). Recommendations identified in the study area being: pertaining to the coastal compartment and sediment cells are listed in Section 7.2 Community 1 Riparian Eucalyptus of the Coastal Geomorphology Technical camaldulensis low Report. woodland or forest. Community 2 Estuarine Casuarina obesa 1.5.3 Vegetation open woodland over Tecticornia spp. samphire A vegetation survey was conducted as shrubland. part of the Vegetation Survey Technical Report to gain a better understanding of Community 3 Foredune and Primary the vegetation associations and Dune Atriplex and vegetation conditions along the Dongara Scaevola shrubland and to Cape Burney coastline. The report of Spinifex tussock grassland. the survey also identifies areas of Community 4 Foredune Nitraria conservation significance and provides a billardierei open regional context for decision-making in shrubland. relation to development proposals that Community 5 Low Coastal Scaevola, may impact on existing native vegetation. Rhagodia, Templetonia and Alyxia open The survey covered 6,394.45ha of native shrubland. vegetation along the coastal strip Community 6 Coastal Thryptomene between Dongara and Cape Burney. Nine baeckeacea heathland vegetation communities were mapped from near Cape Burney. using a combination of statistical analysis Community 7 Taller Dune Slope Acacia of floristic quadrats and visual rostellifera, Alyxia assessment. A total of 122 taxa were buxifolia, Melaleuca identified from 25 quadrats. The deoressa and Templetonia vegetation of the Dongara to Cape Burney retusa shrubland. study area was mostly considered to be Community 8 Dune Swale and floristically similar to that found in the Greenough Alluvial Flats coastal areas of the Geraldton Regional Melaleuca Forest or tall Flora and Vegetation Survey. shrubland. Community 9 Mallee Eucalyptus The report identified that increasing obtusiflora and Eucalyptus development and recreational pressures oraria. are likely to have irreversible impacts on the study area’s fragile ecosystems. If not adequately managed, recreational activities such as camping, surfing and fishing have the potential to damage the coastal environment through soil erosion,

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The vegetation report provides a 1.5.4 Heritage preliminary hierarchy of conservation priorities and the location of the Aboriginal Heritage conservation priorities have been mapped. The identified conservation For more than 45,000 years, Aboriginal priorities are: people have left signs of their occupation in the Midwest region including the study  Significant Beard Vegetation area. The region is home to many associations (regionally and local different groups of Aboriginal people. significant) Collectively, the region's Aboriginal  Plant communities with restricted population is known as Yamaji People in extent (Plant community 1, 2, 3, 4, the northern portion of the study area 6, 8 and 9) and Noongar People in the southern  Plant communities with significant portion. The main language group is ecological function (Plant Amangu. community 2, 3 and 4)  Areas of vegetation in very good The Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972 provides condition. automatic protection for all places and objects in Western Australia that are Four areas have been identified as having important to Aboriginal people because of the highest priority as conservation connections to their culture. These places significance intersects. These areas are: and objects are referred to as Aboriginal sites. The study area contains 19 sites  Along the Greenough River listed on the Department of Indigenous opposite Devlin Pool Road in plant Affairs Aboriginal Heritage Enquiry community 2 Estuarine Casuarina System. obesa open woodland over Tecticornia spp. samphire Under section 17 of the Aboriginal shrubland; Heritage Act 1972 it is an offence to  Areas adjacent to plant community knowingly disturb or destroy an Aboriginal 2 Estuarine Casuarina obesa open site without the expressed consent of the woodland over Tecticornia spp. Minister of Indigenous Affairs, which can samphire shrubland near be applied for under section 18 of the Greenough River and plant Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972. community 8 Melaluca forest or tall Disturbance commonly arises through shrubland; development processes that impact the  Near Cape Burney in plant land on which a site is located. communities 3 Foredune and primarly dune Atriplex/Scaevola Native Title shrubland and 6 Coastal Thryptomene baeckeacea Native title is the recognition in Australian heathland; and Law that Indigenous people continue to  Areas with primary dune vegetation hold rights to land and water where a as the plant communities have a connection to their traditional laws and restricted extent and significant customs still exists. Native title may exist ecological function. on Unallocated Crown Land, reserve land

16 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final) or water bodies that are not privately 1.5.5 Visual Landscape owned. Native title rights are not recognised on residential freehold, farms The western portion of the study area held in freehold, residential, commercial, comprises a 2km wide coastal dune ridge or community purpose leases, and public that runs parallel to the coast, while the works such as roads. remainder lies within the adjoining flat or gently undulating coastal plain, also There are 3 registered native title claims parallel to the coast. The dunes remain in the study area: the Mullewa Wadjari primarily in their natural state with Community (WG6119/98), Amangu coastal heath and scrub plant People (WAD6002/04) and Naaguja communities and some small eucalypt Peoples (WG6194/98). woodlands in sheltered locations on the eastern side. The boundary between the European Heritage coastal dunes and the coastal plain is very abrupt with a steep dune face adjoining It is thought that the Dutch were the first the coastal plain. The two landscape units Europeans to make their mark on the contrast with each other markedly in Midwest coast with their ship Batavia terms of both topography and land use, as wrecked at the Abrolhos in 1629. English the coastal plain is cleared for agriculture. settlement of the region commenced in The greatest contrast is observed adjacent the 1800s. In 1846, several early to the floodplain of the Greenough River explorers and surveyors including Robert where the dune face is relatively steep Austin and Augustus and Francis Gregory, and the adjoining coastal plain is flat, with pioneered pastoralism and agriculture, as almost no remnant vegetation or well as mining industries from the Irwin structures. and Murchison Rivers. Agricultural land for wheat, oats, barley and hay was The findings of the Visual Landscape established along the Greenough Flats Assessment Technical Report have been between 1853 and 1857. integrated in the development of the Strategy. The Assessment describes The Greenough flats are zoned in Local landscape character and viewing Planning Scheme No. 5 as a Special experiences, and proposes a series of Control Area for its distinct heritage strategies for managing landscape character and value. Although many of character and views. the heritage listed sites are east of the study area, these sites still need to be The Assessment reveals that several of taken into consideration when planning the study area's landscape and viewing for development. Greenough Historic Site experiences are significant at a regional is a well know heritage site with many and/or state level, as they are uncommon heritage listed properties. Local Planning or have unique aspects. Scheme No. 5 also has the zoning provision 'Civic and Cultural' for heritage sites.

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Greenough River Mouth Moresby Range from North West Coastal Highway, and in various parts around the The final section of the Greenough River State's coast where there is a distinctive before it reaches the sea flows through a ridge long the coastline (e.g. Caves Road natural dune system. Comparable along the Leeuwin-Naturaliste ridge and landscapes exist north of Perth at the Lower Denmark Road west of Albany). lower reaches of Moore River at Guilderton. Like Moore River, the The example within the study area is Greenough River only has development unusual in several respects. First, the on its north bank, close to its mouth. This close proximity of the Brand Highway and means that views from the settlement are Company Road to the dune system (less across the river to the naturally vegetated than 1km) and second, the stark contrast dunes. Users of the lower reaches of the in topography and land use between the river would be enclosed within a natural flat, treeless, pastures and cropped areas view shed once they passed upstream of the foreground coastal plain and the from the settlement. On the basis of steep, vegetated dune ridge backdrop. similar landscapes being scarce in the Added to this mix is a series of mostly region, it is concluded that the Greenough historic homes and associated planted River is at least of regional significance for vegetation dotted along the base of the its landscape character. dune ridge.

Heritage Structures Site plans for two coastal nodes within the study area have been developed for A second feature of significance in the Lucy’s Beach and Flat Rocks (see Appendix study area's landscape is the visually B). The visual management objective for prominent heritage buildings, located the coastal nodes is restoration and both within and immediately adjacent to enhancement of visual character to the study area. These buildings have a improve the amenity and facilities for visual coherence, all being constructed of recreational purposes. ‘Blending’ is the the same materials and roughly from the more specific design objective for same time period when the Greenough development, by borrowing the visual Flats were in their 'hay day', the mid elements from the surrounding 1800’s. The rich orange tones of the local landscape. stone and mortar used for these buildings contrast strongly with the yellows and greens of pastures and the dark greens of the native vegetation on the dunes.

Continuous, Unobstructed Views from the Highway to the Dune System

The experience of travelling parallel and close to a major landform feature for some distance is highly valued. Examples include the South West Highway along the base of the Darling Scarp south of Perth,

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1.5.6 Land Use Horticulture

The coast is characterised by small sandy Horticulture is a small industry but embayments, rocky platforms and active growing in importance. While viable farm dune blowouts. It is mainly used for holdings for horticultural enterprises are recreational activities such as fishing and usually smaller than for dry land cropping, surfing. The dunes are partially to fully horticultural enterprises need to be vegetated in some areas, while others flexible and larger lot sizes are preferable. have been cleared, seasonally grazed or The viability of horticulture is very severely damaged by off-road vehicle sensitive to such factors as crop type, activities. demand, market price and stability, cost of inputs such as water, etc. These factors The major land use on the coastal flats is are subject to significant fluctuation and agriculture including grain and hay as such, growers need sufficient land to production, and grazing. Larger swales be able to adapt. along the coast have been cleared and are used for grazing. Analysis by the Department of Agriculture and Food indicates a sufficient number of Agriculture smaller lots available in the Geraldton region to satisfy demand. The trend in The land of greatest agricultural value are horticultural enterprises investment has the ‘flats’, where agricultural production been for larger property sizes with water is dominated by extensive areas of and suitable soils. The subdivision of rural cropping and grazing and small areas of land into progressively smaller lot sizes horticultural production on soils where reduces capacity and flexibility for diverse water supplies are favourable. The ‘flats’ and viable agricultural production. are considered high quality agricultural land (Tille et al 2012). The Department of Agriculture and Food does not support further subdivision of The ‘flats’ consist predominately of hard rural zone lots for agricultural purposes as cracking clays and self-mulching clays with industry trends are towards larger small areas of red loamy sands. The main production units. It does recognise the constraints to agricultural land uses on need for subdivision of land to meet the ‘flats’ are the risk of flooding, water overall needs of society where it conforms logging and water erosion (see Appendix to an endorsed strategy or supports C for flood mapping). agricultural industry outcomes.

Grazing occurs on the ‘flats’ often as an adjunct to cropping. Livestock includes both sheep and cattle. Property owners also make use of the dune vegetation along the coastline. However, production on the poorer sandy soils of the dunes is low and the risk of wind erosion is high.

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Tourism and Recreation were also camping, staying with friends or in a holiday home. Recreation and tourism is a key land use in the study area. It will play a critical role It is envisaged that with predicted growth in determining how the area develops in of the Midwest region, recreational users the future in terms of access and land use to the area will also increase. The key change. recreation issues associated with management of the coastal area are: In October 2009, Tourism WA undertook a visitor survey at key tourism sites along  Lack of access to the study the Dongara – Cape Burney coast (see area as a whole; only three Appendix D). formal access roads exist;  The requirement for Tourism WA staff visited Flat Rocks, Nine improved conservation of the Mile Beach, Seven Mile Beach, Devlins coastal dunes; Pool, Cape Burney and Lucy’s Beach to  Requirement for coastal conduct the interviews. Half of the foreshore reserves and interviews took place at Cape Burney, 12 foreshore management plans at Flat Rocks, 6 at Seven Mile Beach, 3 at to be created with any future Nine Mile beach and no interviews were development; conducted at the reminder of the sites.  The need for additional Visitors to the area were predominantly facilities and upgrade of on a day trip while the remainder were existing facilities; visiting the area for a longer period. The  Management of informal data illustrates that visitors tend to access camping; and the coast at various points in the study  Management of 4WDriving area in the same trip. For example, on private land and public visitors will take in Lucy’s Beach and Flat land. Rocks in the same visit. Recreational Requirements Approximately 29% of visitors surveyed were attracted to the area for fishing and Recreation along the Dongara to Cape 27% for surfing. Swimming, off-road Burney coast is becoming increasingly driving and hiking/walking were also popular. The anticipated growth of the popular recreational activities. Over 60% Midwest region will bring more visitors to of interviewees would like to see the area this stretch of coastline. The inshore retained in its current state with marine environment provides recreational additional access and an upgrade and opportunities such as camping, fishing, provision of facilities. snorkelling and diving, surfing, swimming and off-road driving. Accessibility to the Approximately half of all interviewees coast determines the popularity of were living locally as 'home' was their recreational nodes along this stretch of accommodation choice, and 31% were coast. Table 2 displays the recreational staying in a caravan park. Interviewees nodes along the study area’s coast (see Figure 4).

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road Vehicle use/access

Camping Diving/Snorkelling Surfing Recreational Fishing Off Swimming Constructed Parking and Access FacilitiesToilet Boat Launching Recreation Sites in the Study Area (City of Greater Geraldton) Headbutts - minor Twomeys - minor Dhus Rocks - minor Flat Rocks - major The Spot - minor Lucy’s Beach - major Ranches - minor Devlin Pool (Blue Moonies) - minor South Cape Burney - minor Table 2: Recreation Sites and Activities

The increasing demand for recreational  Rubbish dumped from campsite activities will result in a greater level of users and fishing parties, including informal access to these beaches. discarded fishing lines. Uncontrolled tourism and recreation,  Feral animals attracted to discarded including recreational fishing, off-road rubbish and fish wastes. vehicle use, camping and surfing has a  Fauna deaths from vehicle impact. high potential to cause damage to the  Weed invasion and spread of seed environment such as: due to soil disturbances from vehicles.  Soil erosion due to off-road vehicle use and unrestricted track access There are many land management issues through foredunes. that are associated with coastal  Damage to vegetation by vehicle recreation. These include key matters use and clearing for campsites. such as:  Fire damage from camp fires, discarded cigarettes and deliberate  Formal and informal access to arson. recreational nodes to reduce environmental degradation from activities such as off-road driving.

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 Conservation of landscape features for providing formal coastal access. As (e.g. dunes), vegetation and fauna. such, it is recommended that an  Establishing appropriate setbacks appropriate coastal foreshore reserve be for future developments. identified for the entire area and be  Identifying suitable locations for ceded to the crown free of cost when/if additional facilities within planning opportunity arises. recreational nodes.  Management of informal camping The Batavia Coast Strategy does not and accommodation in recreational recommend restricting off-road vehicle areas. access to this coastline where vehicles are  Overcrowding of some recreation accessing coastal nodes. The Batavia and camping sites. Coast Strategy recommends that access  Lack of foreshore management in tracks be designated and managed to recreational areas. protect coastal environments and  Large areas of the coast where minimise public safety risks. landholdings extend to the high water mark. Flat Rocks and Lucy’s Beach are the two coastal nodes in the City of Greater It is important that all recreational activity Geraldton with formal vehicle access. Flat sites and associated infrastructure, Rocks is accessed from the Brand Highway facilities and public access tracks, both via Flat Rocks Road and Lucy’s Beach from 2WD and 4WD, are in public ownership. Brand Highway via McCartney Road, then This will allow for controlled and formal Lucy’s Beach Road. The two nodes can management of the area and will reduce also be accessed from pedestrian paths or the potential of damage to the from informal tracks from West Bank surrounding environment. It will also take Road, Phillips Road and McCartney Road liability away from the private landowner. that link the Brand Highway to areas in close proximity to the beach. Coastal Access The provision of well-planned additional Access is a significant issue along this coastal access, plus the rationalisation of stretch of coast. The coastal access roads existing tracks to the foreshore areas in are of non-uniform standard and coastal the City of Greater Geraldton, is nodes are driving the growth of informal important for environmental preservation access routes across private freehold land. of the fragile dune environment. Most of these informal tracks are Currently, informal access though private traversable only in 4WD vehicles. Flat property to the beach is causing dune Rocks and Lucy’s Beach are the only blowouts, sand drift and vegetation recreational coastal sites available for degradation, especially in the Headbutts 2WD access within the study area. vicinity. Also continued public access through private properties could result in A narrow area of Unallocated Crown Land risk to public safety and legal issues. exists between most property boundaries and the high water mark. However, in some cases properties extend to the high water mark. This may have implications

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2 PART II: STRATEGY  To provide appropriate access to 2.1 Principles and Objectives the coast that reduces human impact to the fragile coastal 2.1.1 Scope environment.

The South Greenough to Cape Burney Economic development principle: Coastal Strategy has been commissioned  To enable the economic potential by the City of Greater Geraldton using the of appropriate tourism and background and technical information agriculture production of the coast gathered for the development of the through future planned land use Dongara to Cape Burney to Coastal change. Strategy. 2.1.3 Local Vision

The Strategy addresses both Planning and Management actions. The purpose of The local vision has been developed by Part II is to provide a strategic planning the Steering Committee, informed by the framework that guides future decision- outcomes of community engagement. making about land use, development and This aligns with the broader vision for the subdivision to ensure the protection of City of Greater Geraldton articulated in significant environmental assets, coastal the ‘Strategic Community Plan’ and the systems and community values of the ‘2029 and Beyond Community Charter’. coastline. The community will continue to enjoy 2.1.2 Guiding Principles the unique landscape features and recreational opportunities the area has These principles have been distilled from to offer by: a combination of technical reports, existing policy documents and community  Ensuring preservation of key engagement in the local area. These environmental attributes and principles will guide future decisions on ecosystem functions; planning and management in the study  Providing more formalised access to area. the coast; and  Planning for sustainable, low-key Environment principle: development that complements  To conserve and enhance the existing natural, rural and built natural environment, biological elements of the landscape. diversity and distinctive landscape of the coast.

Community development principles:  To enhance the area as a place to live and visit, promote low key and low-scale development that complements the landscape of the area, and encourage a range of tourism accommodation options.

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2.1.4 Key Objectives 8. Water and Waste Management: Avoid degradation or over use of

water supplies and minimise The principles and vision have production of waste. implications for specific aspects of planning, development and management. 9. Tourism and Recreation: Increase The following key objectives are intended the sustainable visitor capacity of to guide land use, development and the area through enhanced access, subdivision decision making. facilities and low key accommodation. 1. Land Use: Enhance the biological diversity, agricultural productivity and distinctive character of the landscape.

2. Built Environment: Increase the range of appropriately sited rural accommodation and formalised access to the coast.

3. Heritage: Recognise, promote and protect the Aboriginal, European and Geological history.

4. Visual Landscape: Maintain the key views, skyline and rural character through appropriate siting, materials, form and colour of infrastructure.

5. Coastal Geomorphology: Implement development and management that maintains landform stability and minimises vulnerability to change.

6. Agriculture: Maintain the availability of larger lots on productive soil by deterring subdivision and directing non- agricultural land uses onto poorer quality land outside of the study area.

7. Fire Management: Minimise bushfire hazard through siting of development and implementation of fire management plans.

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2.2 Settlement and Coastal urban settlement of Geraldton. This is in Tourism Hierarchy compliance with various State Planning Policies and the general guidance The urban settlement of Geraldton is gathered during community consultation. located to the north of the study area and is the regional centre of the Midwest. 2.2.1 Coastal Nodes Geraldton is the focus of commercial and administrative services in the region. The Planning, development and management best part of the local and visiting will direct fishing, surfing, camping and population to the study area would reside other recreational activity towards coastal in Geraldton. nodes. From the outcomes of the Technical Reports and community All large scale, high impact, residential consultation, the following major and and tourist resort type development minor nodes are identified (see Figure 4). should be located within the existing

Major Nodes Minor Day Use Nodes

 Lucy’sBeach (future)  Cape Burney  Flat Rocks  South Cape Burney  Devlins Pool  Ranches  Lucy’s Surf Spot  Duncan’s Pool  TheSpot  DhusRocks  Twomeys  Headbutts

Table 3: Coastal Nodes

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2.2.3 Major Nodes 2.2.4 Minor Day Use Nodes

Major nodes should continue to be Minor day use nodes should provide for a managed and upgraded to ensure a high lower level of facilities and access such as level of facilities such as designated 2WD 4WD access through dedicated tracks or vehicle access, car parking areas, ablution rationalised beach access. In some facilities, shelters, precincts to demarcate locations, low-scale parking, ablutions, and separate competing users, shelters and other low-scale tourism information and signage, walk trails and orientated infrastructure may be designated off-road entry points. appropriate.

The major nodes of Lucy’s Beach and Flat Currently, in many locations, informal Rocks provide formal access to the coast. access to the beach is through private Flat Rocks has a car park, ablution blocks property. Management of these access and a viewing platform for use during surf tracks should be considered part of any events. There are no facilities at Lucy’s development applications. Beach. 2.2.5 Access Due to the existing level of services and infrastructure, overnight accommodation Provision of formal access to the coast will of a low to medium scale could potentially assist in reducing indiscriminate, illegal be developed in the immediate Flat Rocks access and associated environmental vicinity (subject to further detailed degradation and management structure planning). The areas around implications. Barriers should be placed to Lucy’s Beach are not considered suitable restrict access north or south of the for overnight accommodation due to coastal nodes to prevent vegetation primarily geomorphological and visual damage and erosion. landscape constraints. It is envisaged that additional coastal Lucy’s Beach is presently located on access locations may be appropriate as Reserve 37333 which has the vested part of low impact rural tourism proposals purpose of ‘Rifle Range’. The Geraldton in appropriately located sites that satisfy Greenough Rifle Club is located setback requirements for physical immediately to the north-east and there processes, protection of environmental is a need to protect the ‘Shooting Safety values and other land use, development Template’. Therefore, any land uses and subdivision criteria referred to in and/or development must not adversely Section 2.3. affect the Rifle Club’s ability to operate. The exact location of coastal access will be determined on the provision of a site plan that discusses the existing location of informal access tracks, beach and dune conditions, proposed strategies for the protection of the environment and visual landscape considerations.

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The provision of public coastal access in 2.3 Land Use, Development the identified coastal nodes locations may and Subdivision Guidelines be facilitated through subdivision. It is also likely that a more substantial 2.3.1 Planning Precincts foreshore reserve will be required to accommodate any infrastructure or The subdivision and development amenity to accompany the access point guidelines are separated into two and parking (if provided). planning precincts (the Dune System and the Coastal Plain) based on the two Proponents of development at these dominant landscape features guided by locations will be expected to provide the soil mapping produced by the Department vehicle access and associated of Agriculture and Food. The use of infrastructure (including, but not limited cadastral lines as the basis for applying to car parking and vehicle management different criteria would not take into infrastructure, fencing and signage) all in account any aspects of the land such as accordance with an approved coastal topography, soil type or vegetation. management plan or the like. The result is that some landholdings traverse both planning precinct areas. Therefore, it is intended that the planning precinct boundaries of the Dune System and the Coastal Plain be flexible to allow for consideration of the merits of an application rather than being a hard line of separation.

Discretion may be applied to land traversed or adjacent to these boundaries where assessment and determination can be guided by the vision and objectives of the Strategy. For landholdings that are clearly contained within a single planning precinct, subdivision will only be supported in accordance with the relevant criteria for either the Dune System or the Coastal Plain.

27 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

2.3.2 Dune System 2.3.4 Dune System Development Guidelines The Dune System comprise three basic elements: a sandy coastline with a a) All development is to be either relatively narrow beach, occasional contained within a building shoreline reefs and rock platforms; a envelope or not be located in a vegetated dune system with north-south building exclusion area. A building trending ridges, swales and blowouts, envelope is to be shown where the with several plateau-like areas that amount of remnant vegetation or extend the width of the Dune System in areas of instability restrict the these locations; and a distinctive, location of development. Whereas continuous, scarp-like dune face that a building exclusion area is to be produces an undulating skyline as viewed used when a lot has some areas of from locations to the east. The Dune remnant vegetation that should be System predominantly comprises native protected or areas of instability that vegetation, although grazing has reduced should be avoided and the the natural species diversity and has remaining land is unencumbered in introduced weeds. terms of development location.

2.3.3 Dune System Land Use b) Building envelopes should be Guidelines located in cleared, stable areas so as to maximise remnant vegetation The following uses are considered preservation. appropriate subject to compliance with the relevant Local Planning Scheme, c) A building envelope should be a Council and WA Planning Commission maximum of 2,000m2. Larger policies: envelopes may be permitted to accommodate an existing dwelling  Conservation and outbuilding(s) and alternatively  Heritage Protection/Conservation smaller envelopes may be required  Industry Cottage in order to minimise clearing of  Low Impact Rural Tourism remnant vegetation.  Medium-Scale Tourism (at Flat Rocks) d) Building mass and scale should be  Recreation reduced by developing a number of  Recreation Private  Rural Smallholdings (at Flat Rocks) smaller buildings. Outbuildings  Aquaculture (at Twomeys) should be clustered and form a unified group with the main building. Colours should be chosen from the colour swatches in the Visual Landscape Assessment Technical Report.

28 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final) e) Development should be located at i) Vegetation should be retained on the base of the dunes and not be the dune ridgeline and skyline. visible on the dune face (from the Development should have Brand Highway/Company Road) vegetation (preferably native) and no built from should be visible screening and/or be nestled into above the dune skyline from Brand the existing vegetation and into the Highway/Company Road or the folds of the landform. coastline (except at identified medium-scale tourism locations). j) Roads and access tacks should be designed to provide view corridors f) Development should not detract with ocean and coastal plain from the identified key views in the glimpses. They should follow the Visual Landscape Assessment contours of the landform and be Technical Report. Development sited in the swales (not run directly should also ensure that natural over high points or ridgelines). elements retain their dominance in Development should utilise existing the landscape through the height of accesses and rationalize built form. unnecessary accesses (including access to the coast). g) Buildings sited at high points on the dunes which interrupt the k) All fencing should be of an open continuous natural dune skyline are and rural nature. discouraged. Where elevation is up to 20m building height should not exceed 25m AHD. Where the elevation is above 20m AHD, ensure that at least half of the dune face is visible above the built form. The aim is to ensure the variable height of the dune face is the dominant visual feature. h) Cut and fill methods which level out the landform are discouraged. Instead the natural contours of the land should be retained so development sits within the landscape. Roof pitch should align with the natural slope.

29 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

2.3.5 Dune System Subdivision e) An established project of tourist or Guidelines recreational significance (at the coastal nodes). The City MAY support subdivision in the following circumstances (subject to WA f) Rural Smallholdings at Flat Rocks Planning Commission policy): where the lots proposed are not less than 4ha, subject to detailed a) A foreshore reserve (where structure planning, land applicable) should be created with capability/suitability and all subdivision and/or appropriate rezoning. amalgamation proposals. b) Boundary relocations where no additional lots are created. c) Heritage places where subdivision can be shown as a mechanism to secure its conservation. d) Conservation purposes where the lots proposed are not less than 20ha minimum and 40ha average, PROVIDED a conservation covenant in perpetuity with an authority acceptable to the WAPC is registered on the certificate of title for newly created lots. The restrictive covenant will protect and preserve remnant or regenerated vegetation in perpetuity and should include among other things, provisions for:

• Prohibit further clearing; • Clearly delineate a building envelope and/or building exclusion area also shown on the subdivision plan; • On-going weed management; • Prohibit stocking; • Rationalize existing accesses; • Rehabilitate unstable/degraded areas with local provenance seedlings; and • Coastal management.

30 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

2.3.6 Coastal Plain 2.3.8 Coastal Plain Development Guidelines Within the study area the Coastal Plain is bounded by the study area boundary on a) Building mass and scale should be its east (comprising the Brand Highway, reduced by developing a number of Company Road and the Greenough River) smaller buildings. Outbuildings and the dune system to the west, should be clustered and form a although the unit actually itself extends unified group with the main further inland and extends into a low building. Colours should be chosen limestone ridge that separates the area from the colour swatches in the commonly known as the 'Front Flats' Visual Landscape Assessment along the Greenough River from the 'Back Technical Report. Flats'. This area is dominated by floodplains featuring alluvial soils which b) Development should not detract has some of the more significant from the identified key views in the horticultural activity and some of the Visual Landscape Assessment most productive broadacre land in the Technical Report. Development district. should also ensure that natural elements retain their dominance in 2.3.7 Coastal Plain Land Use Guidelines the landscape through the height of built form. The following uses are considered appropriate subject to compliance with c) Buildings sited at high points on the the relevant Local Planning Scheme, dunes which interrupt the Council and WA Planning Commission continuous natural dune skyline are policies: discouraged. Where elevation is up to 20m building height should not • Agriculture Extensive exceed 25m AHD. Where the • Agriculture Intensive elevation is above 20m AHD, ensure • Conservation that at least half of the dune face is • Heritage Protection/Conservation visible above the built form. The • Industry Cottage aim is to ensure the variable height • Industry Rural of the dune face is the dominant • Low Impact Rural Tourism visual feature. • Recreation • Recreation Private d) Cut and fill methods which level out • Rural Pursuit the landform are discouraged (unless required to establish minimum floor levels in the flood plain areas). Instead the natural contours of the land should be retained so development sits within the landscape. Roof pitch should align with the natural slope.

31 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final) e) Vegetation should be retained. e) Demonstrated long-term sustainable intensive agriculture f) Roads and access tacks should be where the lots proposed are not designed to provide view corridors less than 10ha AND the land is with coastal plain glimpses. They connected to a reticulated water should follow the contours of the supply. landform and be sited in the swales (not run directly over high points or ridgelines). Development should utilise existing accesses and rationalize unnecessary accesses (including access to the coast). g) All fencing should be of an open and rural nature.

2.3.9 Coastal Plain Subdivision Guidelines

Council MAY support subdivision in the following circumstances (subject to WA Planning Commission policy): a) Boundary relocations where no additional lots are created. b) Heritage places where subdivision can be shown as a mechanism to secure its conservation. c) Excisions of an established and sustainable rural industry and/or rural pursuit (e.g. vineyard, olive grove, grain storage facility) PROVIDED the balance of the land is not less than 40ha. d) Continued extensive agriculture where the lots proposed are not less than 250ha;

32 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

2.3.10 Planning Approval  Water and Waste Management e.g. Water sensitive urban design The planning approval of the local and local water management government is required for all development in both the Dunes System strategies. and the Coastal Plain planning precincts.  Tourism and Recreation e.g. Access Applications should identify relevant plan, coastal node infrastructure measures and actions that will meet the objectives of the Strategy and ensure and management. each development contributes to the local vision. Applications should also address 2.3.11 Revegetation Guidelines each relevant key objective and provide information and actions that will be taken For land within the Dunes System to achieve the objectives. planning precinct there is the opportunity for revegetation and rehabilitation  Land Use e.g. Vegetation condition, (utilising local indigenous species) to: land capability, weed management,  Rehabilitate and expand existing conservation covenants. areas of regionally significant  Built Environment e.g. Building vegetation; Envelopes/Building Exclusion Areas,  Rehabilitate and regenerate areas of degraded vegetation; location of fences and accessways.  Add to the high social and  Heritage e.g. Aboriginal or ecological values of the landscape; European Heritage, geoheritage.  Establish ecological linkages across the area;  Visual Landscape e.g. Siting, height,  Create habitat for native fauna; and form and materials of buildings,  Increase the quality of vegetation. fencing and roads to maintain visual

amenity. As a condition of subdivision, the local  Coastal Geomorphology e.g. government will require revegetation or regeneration measures as follows: Coastal stability, coastal setback

and foreshore reserves.  In areas that are mapped as having  Agriculture e.g. Proposed areas for ‘good’, ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ vegetation condition in the Coastal stocking, irrigation. Vegetation Survey Technical Report  Fire Management e.g. Bushfire (see Appendix E), a minimum of 1% hazard assessment and fire of the lot area revegetated with a combination of trees, shrubs and management plans. ground covers consistent with the indigenous plant communities of the locale. This is in addition to existing vegetation;

33 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

 In areas that are mapped as having 2.3.12 Cash-in-Lieu of Revegetation ‘degraded’ or ‘completely degraded’ vegetation condition in It is acknowledged that there may be the Coastal Vegetation Survey landowners more committed, skilled and Technical Report (see Appendix E), resourced to undertake revegetation and a minimum of 2% of the lot area rehabilitation and management. There revegetated with a combination of also may be instances where more trees, shrubs and ground covers positive biodiversity outcomes can be consistent with the indigenous achieved through revegetation and plant communities of the locale. rehabilitation of selective areas. This is in addition to existing vegetation; and In these instances and where landholders may not have the skills, resources, etc. to  In all other areas, a minimum of 3% carry out revegetation the City may of the lot area revegetated with a accept a cash contribution in lieu of combination of trees, shrubs and revegetation. The Local Government ground covers consistent with the Biodiversity Guidelines for the Perth indigenous plant communities of Metropolitan Region (June 2004) provide the locale. This is in addition to estimates of the costs associated with existing vegetation. undertaking certain management activities. To reconstruct, ‘upland’ areas

In some areas, the intended biodiversity (including weed control, seedling outcomes may be better achieved establishment, plant guards, watering in and replacement plantings) over a 5 year through weed management and period is estimated to cost $10.50/m2. regeneration, or planting other forms of This is the figure used for calculating the vegetation (shrubs or groundcovers) cash-in-lieu contribution and may be consistent with the indigenous plant revised from time to time by the City. communities of the locale. Monies collected will be held in trust for

use in achieving biodiversity outcomes Revegetation and rehabilitation should be within the study area. prioritised in locations within the lot:

 To establish linkages with neighbouring areas of remnant vegetation, or a buffer around the perimeter of remnant vegetation;  To regenerate or rehabilitate degraded vegetation to a higher quality; or  To provide screening of development.

34 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

3 PART III: MANAGEMENT current/future impacts on local 3.1 Management Goals biodiversity.  Prepare site-specific management The overarching management goals for plans for day use nodes to manage the study area are: competing uses.  Undertake on-going monitoring of  To ensure the preservation of key the use of both formal and informal environmental attributes and beach access tracks. ecosystem functions;  Close informal tracks close to the  To provide, and encourage the use beach and parallel with the shore of, recreational facilities at key and rehabilitate adjacent degraded coastal nodes; areas.  To reduce areas of degradation  Identify accesses to beaches that caused by recreational use; and are linked to sections of the coast  To ensure a consistent and joint stabilised by rock outcrops. Once approach to the protection and identified, these tracks should then restoration of the coastal be fenced to protect the dunes and environment. surrounding vegetation and vested in the council for maintenance. 3.2 Management Rehabilitate all other tracks through Recommendations private property.  Private landowners to prepare This management section aims to increase coastal management plans that knowledge and awareness on current and identify mitigation strategies for the potential land management issues protection and rehabilitation of impacting on the natural resources. It coastal areas. also encourages a more consistent use of  Flood mitigation structures best practice management techniques in (particularly levee banks) should order to minimise the impacts associated receive ongoing maintenance to with the increasing development and protect agricultural crops, land and recreational pressures. infrastructure from fold damage.  Provide signage containing information on access and 3.2.1 Land Use appropriate usage of the area.

 Protect and rehabilitate foredune and primary dune vegetation through activities such as track rationalisation, track maintenance, planting native species, weeds removal, dune matting, fencing, bollards and directional signage.  Monitor changes in the distribution, abundance and impact of invasive species to ensure management practices are adapted to minimise

35 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

3.2.2 Built Environment 3.2.4 Visual Landscape

 Undertake on-going maintenance  Materials used should be consistent of existing facilities at day use with and enhance or reflect the nodes; consider the provision of local character. new recreational facilities where  Avoid the use of highly reflective or needed. The character of the brightly coloured building materials landscape should be reflected and that contrast with the surrounding maintained in any development. landscape.  New roads, firebreaks, access tracks  Site buildings at low points of the and other linear features should dunes so that they do not interrupt follow the contour of the landform the continuous nature of the dune and not be oriented towards the skyline. key view-sheds.  Utlise vegetation screening  Retain natural character where it (preferably with local provenance currently exists and reduce visibility species). and potential visibility of  Built from should respond to the recreation, tourism or other natural topography. development nodes by containing

their visibility to within their

immediate view-shed and by

retaining or re-introducing local

native vegetation.

3.2.5 Coastal Geomorphology

 Establish and/or realign access tracks preferable through stable dunes perched on coastal limestone.

 Restrict coastal access and

recreational activities in proximity to active blowouts. 3.2.3 Heritage  Erect signage to raise awareness of

degradation issues and inform  Minimise site disturbance and users about appropriate use of day impact on heritage sites and use nodes. provide interpretive signage where appropriate.  Do not attempt to mimic heritage character but rather use contemporary design elements.

36 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

3.2.6 Fire Management 3.2.7 Water and Wastewater Management  Develop site planning for day use nodes that consider opportunities  Plant local indigenous native for site layout and design to species. minimise fire events and their  Minimise the need for drainage impacts. outfalls to the coast and ensuring  Undertake ongoing maintenance that the location and design of all works for facilities and structures minimises the impact on infrastructure installed at day use both physical and ecological nodes (these may include frequent processes and coastal amenity. rubbish removal, fencing around  Protect and enhance brushed areas, not brushing environmental, recreational and adjacent to access ways, and the cultural values of natural water installation of gas rather than wood systems and their hydrological barbeques). regimes.  Provide adequate buffers between  Manage contamination risks to coastal reserves and built structures groundwater from unsuitable that are at risk of fire damage. approaches to wastewater disposal.  Improve community awareness through signage about potential 3.2.8 Tourism and Recreation sources of ignition, such as motorbikes in dry vegetation, and  Undertake on-going management and inappropriate activities, such as maintenance of major nodes to illegal campfires, and burning ensure a high level of facilities. without a permit.  Undertake on-going maintenance of

access tracks to minor day use sites.

 Encourage users of the coast to use

only designated off-road vehicle

tracks in areas where they exist and

discourage from accessing the coast where tracks have not been formalized and there are signs of erosion.

37 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

4 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Agriculture Extensive means premises used for the raising of stock or crops but does not include agriculture intensive or feedlots.

Agriculture Intensive means premises used for trade or commercial purposes, including outbuildings and earthworks, associated with the following:

(a) the production of grapes, vegetables, flowers, exotic or native plants, or fruit or nuts; (b) the establishment and operation of plant or fruit nurseries; (c) the development of land for irrigated fodder production or irrigated pasture (including turf farms); or (d) aquaculture.

Biodiversity means ‘The variety of life forms – the different plants, animals and micro- organisms, the genes they contain, and the ecosystems they form’, National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological Diversity (2010). In this case, the aim is to conserve the variety of species and vegetation communities in the area.

Coastal Compartment means the length of shoreline bounded by broad scale changes in geology, geomorphic structures/landforms or changes in the aspect of the shore.

Coastal or Foreshore Management Plan means a local scale plan designating areas for various purposes such as public access, car parks, toilets and providing advice on management needs. Foreshore management plans tend to deal with a smaller area, are more detailed and prepared as part of a planning approval process, ongoing maintenance or upgrading program.

Coastal Susceptibility means the susceptibility of the coast to change in the frequency and intensity of metocean processes according to the geological structure, regional to sub- regional scale landforms and landform patterns of discrete sections of the coast.

Conservation means the careful management of the natural resources and environment so to avoid, or at the very least, minimise change.

Day Use Site means sites that are generally associated with a feature, activity or interpretation focus, suited to short stays. The area is designated and managed to provide visitor amenities for day use only. It may include parking facilities, shade shelters, barbecues, toilets and picnic areas but does not cater for, or permit, overnight stays.

Ecological Linkages means connected areas of ecosystems (e.g. bushland) that enable movement of animals, exchange of genetic material between plants and ensure ecosystems are more resilient in the face of change.

38 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

Heritage Protection/Conservation means, in relation to any place, the management of that place in a manner that will:

(a) enable the cultural heritage significance of that place to be retained; and (b) yield the greatest sustainable benefit for the present community without diminishing the cultural heritage significance of that place, and may include the preservation, stabilization, protection, restoration, reconstruction, adaptation, and maintenance of that place in accordance with relevant professional standards, and the provision of an appropriate visual setting.

Hobby Farm means the partial or entire use of a small landholding for rural activities that provide and agricultural interest and or/additional income for the owner of the land.

Industry Cottage means a trade or light industry producing arts and crafts goods which does not fall within the definition of a home occupation and which:

(a) does not cause injury to or adversely affect the amenity of the neighbourhood; (b) where operated in a residential zone, does not employ any person other than a member of the occupier’s household; (c) is conducted in an out-building which is compatible with the principal uses to which land in the zone in which it is located may be put; (d) does not occupy an area in excess of 50m²; and (e) does not display a sign exceeding 0.2m² in area.

Industry Rural means:

(a) an industry handling, treating, processing or packing rural products; or (b) a workshop servicing plant or equipment used for rural purposes.

Low Impact Rural Tourism means the use and development of land, principally for tourist purposes, in such a manner that does not detract from the rural and natural amenity of the locality, and includes the following criteria:

(a) located to avoid ridge lines, escarpments or visually exposed sites and situated where vegetation or land form can be utilised for screening; (b) sensitively located and designed to promote positive outcomes and positive environmental outcomes and minimise impact on vegetation, water courses, soil quality and existing land uses; (c) will not cause a net loss of vegetation; (d) scale and nature to be self sustaining on the land, or demonstrate the ability to provide servicing without significant modifications to existing infrastructure; (e) the nature of its scale, design, colours, materials, landscaping and use has minimal visual impact on the site and surrounding areas; and (f) minimal off-site environmental or social adverse impacts.

39 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

The maximum scale of development is restricted to no more than 3 chalets/cabins or a bed & breakfast facility or a 4 bedroom guest house which accommodates no more than 8 people (or other tourist facilities of similar land use intensity).

Medium-Scale Tourism means a range of tourist uses/development consistent with the rural ethos of the locality (e.g. café, caravan park, eco resort). Depending on the nature of the development it may require rezoning.

Recreation means the use of land for leisure purposes (e.g. fishing, swimming, bush walking, surfing).

Recreation Private means premises used for indoor or outdoor leisure which are not usually open to the public without charge and are complimentary to the rural ethos of the locality (e.g. guided walks, fishing tours, wildlife park).

Regeneration means the restoration of natural ecosystems through cyclic processes of renewal and self maintenance of species and their populations. Emphasis is more on removing threats (such as weeds and rabbits) than intensive revegetation.

Rehabilitation means to restore elements of ecological structure or function without necessarily attempting complete restoration to any specific prior condition.

Revegetation means establishment of native vegetation to a minimum standard in formerly cleared areas (that may be part of a rehabilitation or complete restoration).

Rural Pursuit means any premises used for:

(a) the rearing or agistment of animals; (b) the stabling, agistment or training of horses; (c) the growing of trees, plants, shrubs or flowers for replanting in domestic, commercial or industrial gardens; or (d) the sale of produce grown solely on the lot, but does not include agriculture – extensive or agriculture – intensive.

Rural Smallholdings means land used for minor rural pursuits, hobby farming, conservation and alternative residential lifestyle purposes. The land use seeks to preserve and enhance landscape quality, environmental and conservation attributes.

Sediment Cell means a length of shoreline in which interruptions to the movement of sediment along the beaches or near shore sea bed do not significantly affect beaches in the adjacent lengths of coastline. Within a sediment cell the sediments sources, transport pathways and sinks should be clearly definable.

40 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

Sustainability means the ability of our city-region’s environment, social, governance, economic and cultural systems to maintain their health and resilience in perpetuity. Sustainable development is ‘development that meets the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’.

Vulnerability means the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity. Systems that are highly exposed, sensitive and less able to adapt are vulnerable.

41 South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

FIGURES

Figure 1 – Study Area

Figure 2 – Landscape Features

Figure 3 – Land Tenure

Figure 4 – Coastal Nodes

DISCLAIMER: Whilst all care has been taken in the preparation of this data, this information is provided as a guide only and no responsibility shall be taken for any omissions or errors in this documentation. The accuracy provided is not to be used for legal purposes, but reference made to original documentation, which includes certificate of titles, survey diagrams & legal versions of the Town Planning Schemes. LEGEND Municipal Boundary Study Boundary W N S E CAPE BURNEY GERALDTON

NWC HWY GERALDTON-MT Figure 1 - Study Area LUCY'S BEACH

MAGNET RD BRAND HIGHWAY BRAND

FLATS ROCKS EDWARD RD EDWARD HEADBUTTS

WALKAWAY- ALLANOOKA SPRINGS RD SPRINGS ALLANOOKA

NANGETTY RD City ofGreaterGeraldton Shire ofIrwin Date: Drawing No: Department: Operator: 11/03/13 Scale: 1:1 LP/9/0090 Town Planning RJT N City of Greater Geraldton W E EDWARD RD

BRAND HIGHWAY

ALLANOOKA

SPRINGS RD

LEGEND

Dune System

Coastal Plain Shire of Irwin DISCLAIMER: Whilst all care has been taken in the preparation of this data, information is provided as a guide only and no responsibility shall be for any omissions or errors documentation. The accuracy provided is not to be used for legal purposes, but reference made original documentation, which includes certificate of titles, survey diagrams & versions the Town Planning Schemes.

Operator: RJT Department: Town Planning Figure 2 - Landscape Features Drawing No: LP/9/0090 Date: 14/08/12 Scale: 1:1 N

W E City of Greater Geraldton EDWARD RD S

BRAND HIGHWAY

ALLANOOKA

SPRINGS RD

LEGEND

Reserve

Freehold

Unallocated Crown Land (UCL) Shire of Irwin DISCLAIMER: Whilst all care has been taken in the preparation of this data, information is provided as a guide only and no responsibility shall be for any omissions or errors documentation. The accuracy provided is not to be used for legal purposes, but reference made original documentation, which includes certificate of titles, survey diagrams & versions the Town Planning Schemes.

Operator: RJT Department: Town Planning Figure 3 - Land Tenure Drawing No: LP/9/0090 Date: 14/08/12 Scale: 1:1 DISCLAIMER: Whilst all care has been taken in the preparation of this data, this information is provided as a guide only and no responsibility shall be taken for any omissions or errors in this documentation. The accuracy provided is not to be used for legal purposes, but reference made to original documentation, which includes certificate of titles, survey diagrams & legal versions of the Town Planning Schemes. LEGEND W N S E DEVLINS POOL(BLUEMOONIES) Major Nodes Minor DayUseNodes CAPE BURNEY RANCHES Figure 4 - Costal Nodes LUCYS BEACH

LUCYS SURFSPOT DUNCANS POOL HIGHWAY BRAND THE SPOT FLAT ROCKS DHUS ROCKS

TWOMEYS HEADBUTTS RD EDWARD

City ofGreaterGeraldton ALLANOOKA Date: Drawing No: Department: Operator: 23/01/13

Shire ofIrwin SPRINGS RD SPRINGS Scale: 1:1 LP/9/0090 Town Planning RJT South Greenough 2 Cape Burney Coastal Planning Strategy (final)

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Summary of Community Workshop Outcomes & Online Survey Results

Appendix B – Coastal Nodes Site Plans (Lucy’s Beach & Flat Rocks)

Appendix C – Flood Mapping

Appendix D – Tourism WA Visitor Survey

Appendix E – Vegetation Condition Mapping