Abbreviations
A/J Albino inbreed mice strain (The DMEM Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s Jackson laboratory) medium ABR Auditory brain response DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide AKT v-Akt murine thymoma viral DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid oncogene homologue DNR Dominant negative receptor ATOH1 Atonal homologue 1 dNTPs Dinucleotide triphosphates B27 Brewer neurobasal serum-free Dox Doxycycline supplement dsRNA Double stranded RNA BCA Bicinchoninic acid DTT Dithiothreitol BDNF Brain derived neurotrophic ECL Enhanced Chemiluminiscence factor EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid bFGF Basic Fibroblast growth factor EPHA Ephrin type-A receptor BglIII Bacillus globigii restriction EpiSCs Epiblast Stem Cells enzyme II ERK Extracellular regulated kinase BMP Bone morphogenetic protein ESCs Embryonic Stem Cells Brn3a Brain 3-A EYA Eyes absent homologue family BSA Bovine serum albumin F12 Ham’s nutrient mixture F12 CAG Cytomegalovirus, chicken β-actin FBS Foetal bovine serum and rabbit β-globin promoter FGF Fibroblast growth factor family CD133 Cluster of differentiation 133 FGFR Fibroblast growth factor (Prominin1) receptor family cDNA Complementary DNA FGFR1IIIb FGFR1 isoform IIIb CMV Cytomegalovirus FGFR2IIIb FGFR2 isoform IIIb CSCB Centre for Stem Cell Biology FITC Fluorescein isothiocyanate Ct Cycle threshold FOXG1 Forkhead box G1 DFNB DMEM, F12, N2 and B27 media Foxi1 Forkhead box I1 formulation G418 Geneticin DLX Distal less homeobox family GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
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GATA3 GATA binding protein 3 mESCs Mouse embryonic stem cells GBX2 Gastrulation brain homeobox 2 mMSCs Mouse mesenchymal stem GFP Green fluorescent protein cells GSK3β Glycogen synthase kinase 3 MMTV Murine mammary tumour beta virus HEK293 Human embryonic kidney 293 mRNA messenger RNA cell line MSX1 Msh homeobox homologue 1 hESCs Human embryonic stem cells NCBI National Center for hiPSCs Human induced pluripotent Biotechnology Information stem cells neo Aminoglycoside 3’- hMSCs Human mesenchymal stem phosphotransferase cells NeuroD Neuronal differentiation HNK1 Human natural killer 1 Ngn1 Neurogenin 1 HPRT Hypoxanthine NIH-3T3 NIH/Swiss embryonic phosphoribosyltransferase 1 fibroblast “3 day transfer 3x10⁵” HSCs Hematopoietic stem cells NotI Nocardia otitidis-cavarium HSPG Heparan sulphate proteoglycans restriction enzyme I IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1 NT3 Neurotrophin 3 Ig-III Third immunoglobulin-like NTERA Human testis embryonal domain carcinoma cell line IIIb Isoform “b” of Ig-III in FGFR OCT4 Octamer-binding protein 4 Iliac Isoform “C” of Ig-III in FGFR OTX2 Orthodenticle homeobox 2 KO Knockout P75 Nerve growth factor receptor LEF Lymphoid enhancing binding PAX Paired box gene family factor PBS Phosphate buffered saline LFNG beta-1,3-N- PBS/T Phosphate buffered saline, acetylglucosaminyltransferase lunatic 0.1% Triton X-100 fringe PCR Polymerase chain reaction LIF Leukaemia inhibitory factor PI3K Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase LTR Long terminal repeat PKR Protein kinase RNA-activated MEFs Mouse embryonic fibroblasts PLCγ Phospholipase C gamma
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PNK Polynucleotide 5’-hydroxyl-kinase SSEA Stage specific embryonic antigen PPR Preplacodal region ST2 Bone marrow derived stromal cell pSUPERIOR Suppression of line endogenous RNA inducible plasmid STAT Signal transducer and activator vector of transcription Q-PCR Quantitative PCR SU5402 VEGFR and FGFR inhibitor RAS Rat sarcoma viral oncogene family TBE 1X Tris-HCL, boric acid and EDTA RIPA Radioimmunoprecipitation assay electrophoresis buffer 1X buffer TBST Tris buffered saline with Tween RNA Ribonucleic acid TCF Transcription factor T-cell specific ROCK Rho-associated, coiled-coil- Tet Tetracycline containing protein kinase TetR Tetracycline repressor RPLP0 Ribosomal protein, large, P0 TGFβ Transforming growth factor β SAG Statoacoustic ganglion TRA1-60 Human pluripotent stem cell SB431542 TGF-β RI kinase inhibitor VI specific antibody “Trafalgar” SDS Sodium dodecyl sulphate TRKB Tyrosine kinase receptor B SEM Scanning electron microscopy TRKC Tyrosine kinase receptor C SHH Sonic hedgehog WB Washing buffer shRNA Short hairpin RNA WNT Wingless-type MMTV integration siRNA Small interfering RNA site family SIX Sine oculis homeobox homologue XhoI Xanthomonas holcicola SMAD4 Mothers against restriction enzyme I decapentaplegic homologue 4 Y27632 Inhibitor of Rho-associated SOX2 Sex determining region Y (SRY) kinases box 2
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