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Assessment of Pathogenic Bacteria Transfer from Pristionchus
Assessment of Pathogenic Bacteria Transfer From Pristionchus Entomophagus (Nematoda: Diplogasteridae) to the Invasive Ant Myrmica Rubra and Its Potential Role in Colony Mortality in Coastal Maine Suzanne Lynn Ishaq ( [email protected] ) School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 2615-8055 Alice Hotopp University of Maine Samantha Silverbrand University of Maine Jonathan E. Dumont Husson University Amy Michaud University of California Davis Jean MacRae University of Maine S. Patricia Stock University of Arizona Eleanor Groden University of Maine Research Article Keywords: bacterial community, biological control, microbial transfer, nematodes, Illumina, Galleria mellonella larvae Posted Date: November 5th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-101817/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/38 Abstract Background: Necromenic nematode Pristionchus entomophagus has been frequently found in nests of the invasive European ant Myrmica rubra in coastal Maine, United States. The nematodes may contribute to ant mortality and collapse of colonies by transferring environmental bacteria. M. rubra ants naturally hosting nematodes were collected from collapsed wild nests in Maine and used for bacteria identication. Virulence assays were carried out to validate acquisition and vectoring of environmental bacteria to the ants. Results: Multiple bacteria species, including Paenibacillus spp., were found in the nematodes’ digestive tract. Serratia marcescens, Serratia nematodiphila, and Pseudomonas uorescens were collected from the hemolymph of nematode-infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Variability was observed in insect virulence in relation to the site origin of the nematodes. In vitro assays conrmed uptake of RFP-labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 by nematodes. -
Review: the Energetic Value of Zooplankton and Nekton Species of the Southern Ocean
Marine Biology (2018) 165:129 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3386-z REVIEW, CONCEPT, AND SYNTHESIS Review: the energetic value of zooplankton and nekton species of the Southern Ocean Fokje L. Schaafsma1 · Yves Cherel2 · Hauke Flores3 · Jan Andries van Franeker1 · Mary‑Anne Lea4 · Ben Raymond5,4,6 · Anton P. van de Putte7 Received: 8 March 2018 / Accepted: 5 July 2018 / Published online: 18 July 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Understanding the energy fux through food webs is important for estimating the capacity of marine ecosystems to support stocks of living resources. The energy density of species involved in trophic energy transfer has been measured in a large number of small studies, scattered over a 40-year publication record. Here, we reviewed energy density records of Southern Ocean zooplankton, nekton and several benthic taxa, including previously unpublished data. Comparing measured taxa, energy densities were highest in myctophid fshes (ranging from 17.1 to 39.3 kJ g−1 DW), intermediate in crustaceans (7.1 to 25.3 kJ g−1 DW), squid (16.2 to 24.0 kJ g−1 DW) and other fsh families (14.8 to 29.9 kJ g−1 DW), and lowest in jelly fsh (10.8 to 18.0 kJ g−1 DW), polychaetes (9.2 to 14.2 kJ g−1 DW) and chaetognaths (5.0–11.7 kJ g−1 DW). Data reveals diferences in energy density within and between species related to size, age and other life cycle parameters. Important taxa in Antarctic food webs, such as copepods, squid and small euphausiids, remain under-sampled. -
Part 4 Appendices
Part 4 Appendices HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 139 Appendix 1. Proclamation of Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve 140 MANAGEMENT PLAN HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 141 142 MANAGEMENT PLAN Appendix 2. Native Fauna of the HIMI Marine Reserve Listed Under the EPBC Act Scientific Name Common Name Birds recorded as breeding Aptenodytes patagonicus king penguin S Catharacta lonnbergi subantarctic skua S Daption capense cape petrel S Diomeda exulans wandering albatross V S M B J A Diomeda melanophrys black–browed albatross S M B A Eudyptes chrysocome southern rockhopper penguin S Eudyptes chrysolophus macaroni penguin S Larus dominicanus kelp gull S Macronectes giganteus southern giant petrel E S M B A Oceanites oceanicus Wilson’s storm petrel S M J Pachyptila crassirostris fulmar prion S Pachyptila desolata Antarctic prion S Pelecanoides georgicus South Georgian diving petrel S Pelecanoides urinatrix common diving petrel S Phalacrocorax atriceps (e) Heard Island cormorant V S Phoebetria palpebrata light mantled sooty albatross S M B A Pygoscelis papua gentoo penguin S Sterna vittata Antarctic tern V S Non–breeding birds Catharacta maccormicki south polar skua S M J Diomedea epomophora southern royal albatross V S M B A Fregetta grallaria white–bellied storm petrel S Fregetta tropica black–bellied storm petrel S Fulmarus glacialoides southern fulmar S Garrodia nereis grey–backed storm petrel S Halobaena caerulea blue petrel V S Macronectes halli northern giant petrel V S M B A Pachyptila belcheri -
Genome Composition Plasticity in Marine Organisms
Genome Composition Plasticity in Marine Organisms A Thesis submitted to University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHYLOSOPHY in “Applied Biology” XXVIII cycle by Andrea Tarallo March, 2016 1 University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy Research Doctorate in Applied Biology XXVIII cycle The research activities described in this Thesis were performed at the Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy and at the Fishery Research Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan from April 2013 to March 2016. Supervisor Dr. Giuseppe D’Onofrio Tutor Doctoral Coordinator Prof. Claudio Agnisola Prof. Ezio Ricca Candidate Andrea Tarallo Examination pannel Prof. Maria Moreno, Università del Sannio Prof. Roberto De Philippis, Università di Firenze Prof. Mariorosario Masullo, Università degli Studi Parthenope 2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 1. On the genome base composition of teleosts: the effect of environment and lifestyle A Tarallo, C Angelini, R Sanges, M Yagi, C Agnisola, G D’Onofrio BMC Genomics 17 (173) 2016 2. Length and GC Content Variability of Introns among Teleostean Genomes in the Light of the Metabolic Rate Hypothesis A Chaurasia, A Tarallo, L Bernà, M Yagi, C Agnisola, G D’Onofrio PloS one 9 (8), e103889 2014 3. The shifting and the transition mode of vertebrate genome evolution in the light of the metabolic rate hypothesis: a review L Bernà, A Chaurasia, A Tarallo, C Agnisola, G D'Onofrio Advances in Zoology Research 5, 65-93 2013 4. An evolutionary acquired functional domain confers neuronal fate specification properties to the Dbx1 transcription factor S Karaz, M Courgeon, H Lepetit, E Bruno, R Pannone, A Tarallo, F Thouzé, P Kerner, M Vervoort, F Causeret, A Pierani and G D’Onofrio EvoDevo, Submitted 5. -
Mitochondrial DNA, Morphology, and the Phylogenetic Relationships of Antarctic Icefishes
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28 (2003) 87–98 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and the phylogenetic relationships of Antarctic icefishes (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) Thomas J. Near,a,* James J. Pesavento,b and Chi-Hing C. Chengb a Center for Population Biology, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA b Department of Animal Biology, 515 Morrill Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Received 10 July 2002; revised 4 November 2002 Abstract The Channichthyidae is a lineage of 16 species in the Notothenioidei, a clade of fishes that dominate Antarctic near-shore marine ecosystems with respect to both diversity and biomass. Among four published studies investigating channichthyid phylogeny, no two have produced the same tree topology, and no published study has investigated the degree of phylogenetic incongruence be- tween existing molecular and morphological datasets. In this investigation we present an analysis of channichthyid phylogeny using complete gene sequences from two mitochondrial genes (ND2 and 16S) sampled from all recognized species in the clade. In addition, we have scored all 58 unique morphological characters used in three previous analyses of channichthyid phylogenetic relationships. Data partitions were analyzed separately to assess the amount of phylogenetic resolution provided by each dataset, and phylogenetic incongruence among data partitions was investigated using incongruence length difference (ILD) tests. We utilized a parsimony- based version of the Shimodaira–Hasegawa test to determine if alternative tree topologies are significantly different from trees resulting from maximum parsimony analysis of the combined partition dataset. Our results demonstrate that the greatest phylo- genetic resolution is achieved when all molecular and morphological data partitions are combined into a single maximum parsimony analysis. -
Food and Feeding Ecology of the Neritic-Slope Forager Black-Browed Albatross and Its Relationships with Commercial Fisheries in Kerguelen Waters
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 207: 183–199, 2000 Published November 22 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Food and feeding ecology of the neritic-slope forager black-browed albatross and its relationships with commercial fisheries in Kerguelen waters Yves Cherel*, Henri Weimerskirch, Colette Trouvé Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UPR 1934 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France ABSTRACT: Food and feeding ecology of black-browed albatrosses Diomedea melanophrys rearing chicks was studied during 2 austral summers (1994 and 1995) at the Kerguelen Islands. Dietary analy- sis and satellite tracking were used to estimate potential interactions with commercial fisheries in the area. Fish comprised 73% by fresh mass of albatross diet; other significant food items were penguins (14%) and cephalopods (10%). Twenty-one species of fish (232 individuals) were identified and included mainly nototheniid and channichthyid species. The most important were Dissostichus elegi- noides (18.3% by reconstituted mass), Channichthys rhinoceratus (16.9%), Lepidonotothen squam- ifrons (11.6%), and to a lesser extent, Bathyraja sp. (4.5%) and Notothenia cyanobrancha (4.5%). The cephalopod diet was dominated by 3 taxa, the ommastrephid squids Todarodes sp. (7.6%) and Mar- tialia hyadesi (3.6%), and the octopus Benthoctopus thielei (2.4%). Satellite tracking indicated that during trips lasting 2 to 3 d, albatrosses foraged mainly over the outer shelf and inner shelf-break of the Kerguelen Archipelago. Birds moved to northern, eastern and southern waters, but never to the western Kerguelen shelf where there was a commercial longline fishery for D. eleginoides. Interac- tions with trawlers targetting D. -
Burkholderia As Bacterial Symbionts of Lagriinae Beetles
Burkholderia as bacterial symbionts of Lagriinae beetles Symbiont transmission, prevalence and ecological significance in Lagria villosa and Lagria hirta (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Dissertation To Fulfill the Requirements for the Degree of „doctor rerum naturalium“ (Dr. rer. nat.) Submitted to the Council of the Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena by B.Sc. Laura Victoria Flórez born on 19.08.1986 in Bogotá, Colombia Gutachter: 1) Prof. Dr. Martin Kaltenpoth – Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 2) Prof. Dr. Martha S. Hunter – University of Arizona, U.S.A. 3) Prof. Dr. Christian Hertweck – Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena Das Promotionskolloquium wurde abgelegt am: 11.11.2016 “It's life that matters, nothing but life—the process of discovering, the everlasting and perpetual process, not the discovery itself, at all.” Fyodor Dostoyevsky, The Idiot CONTENT List of publications ................................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 1: General Introduction ....................................................................................... 2 1.1. The significance of microorganisms in eukaryote biology ....................................................... 2 1.2. The versatile lifestyles of Burkholderia bacteria .................................................................... 4 1.3. Lagriinae beetles and their unexplored symbiosis with bacteria ................................................ 6 1.4. Thesis outline .......................................................................................................... -
Large-Scale Survey of Lithium Concentrations in Marine Organisms F
Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms F. Thibon, L. Weppe, N. Vigier, C. Churlaud, T. Lacoue-Labarthe, M. Metian, Yves Cherel, P. Bustamante To cite this version: F. Thibon, L. Weppe, N. Vigier, C. Churlaud, T. Lacoue-Labarthe, et al.. Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms. Science of the Total Environment, Elsevier, 2021, 751, pp.141453. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141453. hal-02928284v2 HAL Id: hal-02928284 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02928284v2 Submitted on 4 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms F. Thibona* & L. Weppea*, N. Vigiera, C. Churlaudb, T. Lacoue-Labartheb, M. Metianc, Y. Chereld and P. Bustamanteb, e a Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LOV), UMR 7093, CNRS, Sorbonne université, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France b Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, F-17000 La Rochelle, France c International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment -
Downloading the Zinc-Finger Motif from the Gag Protein Must Have Assembly Files and Executing the Ipython Notebook Cells Occurred Independently Multiple Times
The evolution of tyrosine-recombinase elements in Nematoda Amir Szitenberg1, Georgios Koutsovoulos2, Mark L Blaxter2 and David H Lunt1 1Evolutionary Biology Group, School of Biological, Biomedical & Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 2Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK [email protected] Abstract phylogenetically-based classification scheme. Nematode Transposable elements can be categorised into DNA and model species do not represent the diversity of RNA elements based on their mechanism of transposable elements in the phylum. transposition. Tyrosine recombinase elements (YREs) are relatively rare and poorly understood, despite Keywords: Nematoda; DIRS; PAT; transposable sharing characteristics with both DNA and RNA elements; phylogenetic classification; homoplasy; elements. Previously, the Nematoda have been reported to have a substantially different diversity of YREs compared to other animal phyla: the Dirs1-like YRE retrotransposon was encountered in most animal phyla Introduction but not in Nematoda, and a unique Pat1-like YRE retrotransposon has only been recorded from Nematoda. Transposable elements We explored the diversity of YREs in Nematoda by Transposable elements (TE) are mobile genetic elements sampling broadly across the phylum and including 34 capable of propagating within a genome and potentially genomes representing the three classes within transferring horizontally between organisms Nematoda. We developed a method to isolate and (Nakayashiki 2011). They typically constitute significant classify YREs based on both feature organization and proportions of bilaterian genomes, comprising 45% of phylogenetic relationships in an open and reproducible the human genome (Lander et al. 2001), 22% of the workflow. We also ensured that our phylogenetic Drosophila melanogaster genome (Kapitonov and Jurka approach to YRE classification identified truncated and 2003) and 12% of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome degenerate elements, informatively increasing the (Bessereau 2006). -
PDF File Includes: 46 Main Text Supporting Information Appendix 47 Figures 1 to 4 Figures S1 to S7 48 Tables 1 to 2 Tables S1 to S2 49 50
UVicSPACE: Research & Learning Repository _____________________________________________________________ Faculty of Science Faculty Publications _____________________________________________________________ This is a post-print version of the following article: Multiple origins of obligate nematode and insect symbionts by a clade of bacteria closely related to plant pathogens Vincent G. Martinson, Ryan M. R. Gawryluk, Brent E. Gowen, Caitlin I. Curtis, John Jaenike, & Steve J. Perlman December 2020 The final publication is available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000860117 Citation for this paper: Martinson, V. G., Gawryluk, R. M. R., Gowen, B. E., Curits, C. I., Jaenike, J., & Perlman, S. J. (2020). Multiple origins of obligate nematode and insect symbionts by a clade of bacteria closely related to plant pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(50), 31979-31986. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000860117. 1 Accepted Manuscript: 2 3 Martinson VG, Gawryluk RMR, Gowen BE, Curtis CI, Jaenike J, Perlman SJ. 2020. Multiple 4 origins of oBligate nematode and insect symBionts By a clade of Bacteria closely related to plant 5 pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 117, 31979-31986. 6 doi/10.1073/pnas.2000860117 7 8 Main Manuscript for 9 Multiple origins of oBligate nematode and insect symBionts By memBers of 10 a newly characterized Bacterial clade 11 12 13 Authors. 14 Vincent G. Martinson1,2, Ryan M. R. Gawryluk3, Brent E. Gowen3, Caitlin I. Curtis3, John Jaenike1, Steve 15 J. Perlman3 16 1 Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, 14627 17 2 Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, AlBuquerque, NM, USA, 87131 18 3 Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3N5 19 20 Corresponding author. -
Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean
Census of Antarctic Marine Life SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN CHAPTER 7. BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF FISH. Duhamel G., Hulley P.-A, Causse R., Koubbi P., Vacchi M., Pruvost P., Vigetta S., Irisson J.-O., Mormède S., Belchier M., Dettai A., Detrich H.W., Gutt J., Jones C.D., Kock K.-H., Lopez Abellan L.J., Van de Putte A.P., 2014. In: De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 328-362. EDITED BY: Claude DE BROYER & Philippe KOUBBI (chief editors) with Huw GRIFFITHS, Ben RAYMOND, Cédric d’UDEKEM d’ACOZ, Anton VAN DE PUTTE, Bruno DANIS, Bruno DAVID, Susie GRANT, Julian GUTT, Christoph HELD, Graham HOSIE, Falk HUETTMANN, Alexandra POST & Yan ROPERT-COUDERT SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTIC RESEARCH THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN The “Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean” is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The “Biogeographic Atlas” is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds- Ecosys- tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems). Edited by: Claude De Broyer (Royal Belgian Institute -
Recent Spread of a Drosophila Defensive Symbiont John Jaenike, Robert Unckless, Sarah N
REPORTS Down, 13. H. Kimura, K. Kasahara, T. Takeda, Tectonophysics 472, Fig. 3. (A) Stacked seismograms for microearthquakes in the A 1 s epicentre 18 (2009). Off-Kanto cluster. Vertical (UD) and radial (R) components are P P-S 2000 (nm/s) 14. S. Asano et al., J. Phys. Earth 33, 173 (1985). shown. A dashed vertical line indicates the arrival time of the UD 15. K. Suyehiro et al., Science 272, 390 (1996). P-S wave determined from cross-correlation analysis (22). (B) 16. S. Ozawa, H. Suito, M. Tobita, Earth Planets Space 59, Schematic ray paths of direct S and P-S waves are shown. Solid 1241 (2007). R and dashed lines denote P and S waves, respectively. A star 17. H. Hirose, S. Sekine, H. Kimura, K. Obara, Eos Trans. AGU S 89, U32A (2008). and an inverted triangle denote a hypocenter and a station, 18. H. Kimura, K. Kasahara, T. Igarashi, N. Hirata, respectively. 0246 Time (s) Tectonophysics 417, 101 (2006). 19. R. M. Nadeau, T. V. McEvilly, Science 285, 718 B (1999). 20. This is a reprocessing of (21) because only the depth S range where commercial drilling can reach was processed S VCR-layer previously. For processing, see (22). R1 21. Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC), “Shallow ocean R2 off the Boso Peninsula” (Report of the Marine P Fundamental Geophysical Survey, JNOC, 2000). 22. Materials and methods are available as supporting Fig. 4. Schematic illustration material on Science Online. 23. C. A. Zelt, P. J. Barton, J. Geophys. Res. 103, (B4), 7187 of subsurface structure, the (1998).