Paper 2: Conduct of performers Sportsmanship and gamesmanship Spectator behaviour

Sportsmanship Advantages of spectators Disadvantages of spectators Sportsmanship is the sporting behaviour you would like to see in sport. Creation of atmosphere: Increasing pressure: Performers display good conduct and do not try to win by unfair means. • A large crown creates excitement • With spectators wanting you to win can Sportsmanship examples: interest and enjoyment lead to an increase in anxiety causing • Shows respect to their opponents and officials • Player can be more motivated performance to drop • • Shakes hands with opponents Interaction for the fans Safety costs/concerns: • Positive experience leads to more fans • Kicking the ball out of play if an opponent is injured • It is expensive to employ security staff who want to attend • Being honest if the ball is out or if they break a rule and repair damage caused by spectator • Raises income and raises the profile of behaviour Sportsmanship creates: the sport, increasing participation Negative effect on participation numbers • Good role models Home-field advantage: among young people: • Positive image for the sport • Teams and individual performers can • The reputation of a sport due to spectator • Satisfaction to know you have won honestly gain an advantage from being in familiar behaviour can cause a drop in the number

surroundings, with support and of young people interested and therefore a referee bias. loss of potential elite performers • You feel lifted with the majority of Potential for crowd trouble/: spectators for you and so you • Hooliganism can lead to fans not attending play better matches leading to a loss in ticket sales, Gamesmanship support and sponsorship Gamesmanship is the type of behaviour that you should not see from Reasons for hooliganism performers in sport. It is bending the rules (not breaking them) to gain an Hooliganism can often unfair advantage • Rivalries (local derby) • be fuelled by drinking Gamesmanship examples: Hype (from media) • Fuelled by drugs/alcohol excessive alcohol • Playing for time if winning • Gang culture • Entering a weaker team if the following match is more important • Frustration (official’s decision) • Sledging in • Displays of masculinity Gamesmanship creates: CCTV at stadiums Strategies to prevent hooliganism • Bad role models help prevent • • negative image for the sport Bans, fines, prison unwanted Hooliganism • Increased security • Dissatisfaction to know you have won due to an unfair advantage • Segregation The intense rivalry • Early kick-offs • All seater stadiums between Celtic and • Alcohol restrictions rangers leads to fans • Education being segregated