A 367302 TOTALITARIAN DEMOCRACY AND AFTER

Edited by Yehoshua Arieli and Nathan Rotenstreich

FRANK CASS LONDON • PORTLAND, OR CONTENTS

PREFACE

SERIES EDITOR'S PREFACE Michael Burleigh ix

Yehoshua Arieli: Jacob Talmon -An Intellectual Portrait 1

PART I: THE HISTORIOGRAPHY AND PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY IN RELATION TO HISTORICAL REALITY IN TERMS OF TOTALITARIAN DEMOCRACY John Dunn: Totalitarian Democracy and the Legacy of Modern Revolutions - Explanation or Indictment? 37 James H. Billington: Rival Revolutionary Ideals 56 Karl Dietrich Bracher: Turn of the Century and Totalitarian Ideology 70

PART II: TOTALITARIAN DEMOCRACY - CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND MODERNIZATION S. N. Eisenstadt: Totalitarian Democracy - Cultural Traditions and Modernization. Introductory Remarks 83 Michael Heyd: Christian Antecedents to Totalitarian Democratic Ideologies in the Early Modem Period 86 Shlomo Avineri: Different Visions of Political Messianism in the Marxist European Tradition 96 Michael Confino: Russian and Western European Roots of Soviet Totalitarianism 104 Moshe Zimmermann: The Historical Setting of German Totalitarianism 118 Hava Lazarus-Yafeh: Political Traditions and Responses in Islam 128 Uriel Tal: Totalitarian Democratic Hermeneutics and Policies in Modem Jewish Religious Nationalism 137 Ben-Ami Shillony: Traditional Constraints on Totalitarianism in Japan 158

PART III: THE VARIETIES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF TOTALITARIAN DEMOCRACY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES George L. Mosse: Political Style and Political Theory - Totalitarian Democracy Revisited 167 Yaron Ezrahi: Political Style and Political Theory - Totalitarian Democracy Revisited. Comments on George L. Mosse's Paper 177 Michael Walzer: Totalitarianism and Tyranny 183 Yirmiahu Yovel: Totalitarianism and Totality. A Response to Michael Walzer 193 Zeev Stemhell: Aux sources de I'ideologie fasciste: La revolte socialiste contre le materialisme 197 Baruch Knei-Paz: Ideas, Political Intentions and Historical Consequences - The Case of the Russian Revolution 232 Richard Lowenthal: Totalitarianism and After in Communist Party Regimes 262 Harold Z. Schiffrin: Totalitarianism and After in Communist Party Regimes. Comments on Richard Lowenthal's Paper 323

PART IV: THE IMPACT OF TOTALITARIAN DEMOCRACY ON THE JEWISH SITUATION Jonathan Frankel: Democracy and Its Negations - On Polarity in Jewish Socialism 329 Israel Kolatt: Zionism and Political Messianism 342 Anita Shapira: Zionism and Political Messianism. Comments on Israel Rolatt's Paper 354 Erik Cohen: The Israeli Kibbutz - The Dynamics of Pragmatic Utopianism 362 Menachem Rosner: The Israeli Kibbutz - The Dynamics of Pragmatic Utopianism. Comments on Erik Cohen's Paper 377 Ben Halpern: The Context of Hannah Arendt's Concept of Totalitarianism 386 Ephraim E. Urbach: Between Rulers and Ruled - Some Aspects of the Jewish Tradition 399