Initial Environmental Examination (Draft)

August 2013

IND: Rural Connectivity Investment Program – Project II

Prepared by Rural Road Development Agency, Government of for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS as of 16 August 2013

Currency unit – Indian rupee (Rs) Rs 1.00 = $ .01628 $1.00 = Rs 61.4250

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank APO – Accident Prevention Officer B.T. – Black Top BGL – Below Ground Level BIS – Bureau of Indian Standards BOQ – Bill of Quantity C.C. – Cement Concrete CD – Cross-drainage CGWA – Central Ground Water Authority CGWB – Central Ground Water Board Ch. – Chainage COI – Corridor Of Impact CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board CTE – Consent to Establish CTO – Consent to Operate DG – Diesel Generating DPR – Detailed Project Report EARF – Environmental Assessment Review Framework ECOP – Environmental Code of Practices EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMOP – Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP – Environmental Management Plan EO – Environmental Officer FEO – Field Environmental Officer GDP – Gross Domestic Product GOI – Government of India GSHAP – Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program HC – Hydrocarbon HH – House Hold IEE – Initial Environmental Assessment IRC – Indian Road Congress LHS – Left Hand Side MCM – Million Cubic Meter MFF – Multi-Tranche Financing Facility MoEF – Ministry of Environment and MORD – Ministry of Rural Development MOSRTH – Ministry of Road Transport & Highways MPRRDA – Madhya Pradesh Rural Road Development Authority NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standards NGO – Non-government organization NOx – Nitrogen Oxides NRRDA – National Rural Road Development Authority NSDP – Net State Domestic Product PIC – Project Implementation Consultant PIU – Project Implementation Unit PLF – Plant Load Factor PM – Particulate Matters

PMGSY – Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna PPE – Personal Protective Equipment’s PPTA – Project Preparation Technical Assistance PRI – Panchati Raj Institution ( Village Level Adminstration Set-up) RCIP – Rural Connectivity Investment Program RHS – Right Hand Side ROW – Right of way RRS I – Loan 2018-IND: Rural Roads Sector I Project RRS II – Loan 2248-IND: Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program RSES – ADB’s Environmental Safeguard Division SBD – Standard Bidding Documents SDP – State Domestic Product SO2 – Sulphur Dioxide SPCB – State Pollution Control Board SPS – ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 SRRDA – State Rural Road Development Authority STDs – Sexually transmitted diseases TDS – Total Dissolved Solids TSC – Technical Support Consultants UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WBM – Water Bound Macadam

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectare km – kilometer M – meter mi – mile

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION A. Project Background ...... 1 B. Project Roads Identification and Location ...... 1 C. Rural Road Construction Proposal ...... 2 D. ADB Safeguard Policies and Category of the Project...... 2 E. Objectives and Approach for Environmental Assessment ...... 3 F. IEE Methodology and Content ...... 3 G. Legal Framework and Legislative Requirements: ...... 4 H. Acknowledgement ...... 5 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT A. General...... 6 B. Sample Roads Selected in Madhya Pradesh State ...... 6 C. Project Description ...... 6 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A. Background ...... 11 B. Physical Environment ...... 11 C. Ecological Resources ...... 21 D. Socioeconomic Environment ...... 27 E. Salient Environmental Features of Sample Roads ...... 28 IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES A. Common Impacts during Design and Construction Phase ...... 49 B. Common Impacts during Post Construction and Operation Phase...... 57 C. Road Specific Impacts ...... 59 V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN, INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND GRIEVANCE ADDRESS MECHANISM A. Environmental Management Plan ...... 60 B. Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 60 C. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities ...... 61 D. Institutional Environmental Responsibilities ...... 61 E. Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) for RCIP ...... 64 F. Capacity Building ...... 66 G. Consultation and Information Disclosure ...... 66 H. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 66 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE A. General...... 68 B. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ...... 68 C. Beneficiaries’ Comments ...... 68 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Conclusions ...... 71 B. Key Recommendations ...... 72

List of Tables Table II-B: ROW Requirement ...... 7 Table III-A: Summary Key Environmental Features of the Sample Roads Districts ...... 12 Table III-B: Maximum Observed Ambient Air Quality during 2008 ...... 16 Table III-C: Ambient Air Quality Status of Madhya Pradesh in Previous Years ...... 16 Table III-D: Land Use Pattern in the State ...... 20 Table III-E: List of Common Flora of Project Districts ...... 23 Table III-F: List of Common Fauna of Project Districts ...... 24 Table III-G: List of Protected Areas in Madhya Pradesh ...... 26

Table III-H: Demographic Profile ...... 27 Table III-I: Salient Environmental Features of Sample Roads ...... 29 Table VI-A: Addressal of Issues and Concerns under the Project ...... 69

List of Figures Figure II.1 : Typical Cross-section of Rural Roads ...... 10 Figure III.1 :Geographical / Geological Map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 17 Figure III.2 : Seismic Zone Map ...... 19 Figure III.3 : Hazard Zone Map ...... 19 Figure III.4 : Decadal Water Table Conditions in the Project Districts ...... 21 Figure III.5 : Map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 22 Figure III.6 : Protected Areas of Madhya Pradesh ...... 26 Figure V.1 : Institutional Arrangement for EMP Implementation ...... 62

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Background

1. As one of the key features of the Government’s poverty reduction agenda for the rural sector, the Government of India (GOI) is implementing a nationwide rural road investment program, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). PMGSY aims to provide all-weather road connectivity to currently unserved habitations in India’s rural areas, where 70% of the population live. The Government of India (GOI) launched “The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)” in year 2000. The objective of PMGSY is to provide all-weather road connectivity to all rural habitations with a population of more than 500 persons in plains and and 250 persons in hill states. This program is being implemented through National Rural Road Development Authority (NRRDA) under Ministry of Rural Development (MORD) at central level and through State Rural Road Development Authority/Agencies (SRRDA) at state level.

2. The Rural Connectivity Investment Program (RCIP) is continuation of Rural Road Sector II Investment Program (RRS IIP) and is a multitranche financing facility (MFF) that will construct or upgrade to the all-weather standard about 9,000 km of rural roads connecting around 4,800 habitations in the states of , , Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and (RCIP states). The RCIP will also focus on improvement of institutional arrangements, business processes and associated capacity building. This will especially be done in relation with design, operation, safeguard, financial, road safety, and asset management matters. Investments in rural roads will improve connectivity, cut transport costs, and provide enabling infrastructure to areas currently with poor access to markets and urban towns, and thus contribute to growth and equity in the country’s largest sector. Project 1 (Loan 2881) totaling $252 million is currently ongoing.

3. The Government is now planning to submit to ADB the second Periodic Finance Request (PFR) that includes the proposal for about 654.05 km of rural roads in the state of Madhya Pradesh. MPRRDA is the implementing agency (IA) for ADB-funded subprojects in the state. The preparatory works for the proposed second batch of roads have been completed for the state. As per the requirements of ADB, it is mandatory that the subprojects under the programme comply with ADB's environmental safeguards. The project as per classification of ADB has been categorized as ‘Category B’ project and therefore requires an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE). The initial environmental examination (IEE) for the first batch has been prepared by using environmental checklist. The report has been prepared by M/s Operations Research Group (P) Ltd., the Technical Support Consultants (TSC) appointed by National Rural Road Development Agency (NRRDA) under the ADB loan assistance.

B. Project Roads Identification and Location

4. PMGSY has prepared specific guidelines for the selection of roads under this programme. The key requirements is that any road will be eligible for construction or upgradation only if it is part of the Core Network1 and satisfy the following environmental safeguards:

1 Core Network is that minimal network of roads (routes) that is essential to provide access to essential social and economic services to all eligible habitations in the selected areas through at least single all-weather road connectivity. A core network comprises of through routes and link routes. Through routes are the ones, which collect traffic from several link roads or a long chain of habitations and lead it to marketing centres either directly or through the higher category roads i.e., the district roads or the state or national highways. Link routes are the roads connecting a single habitation or a group of habitations to through routes or district roads leading to market centres. Link routes generally

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i. The selected road shall not disturb any cultural heritage designated by the Government or by international agencies, such as UNESCO, and shall avoid any monuments of cultural or historical importance; ii. The selected road shall not pass through any designated wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, notified ecological sensitive areas or area of internationally significance (e.g., protected wetland designated by the Wetland Convention); and iii. The subprojects shall only involve activities that follow Government of India laws and regulations and meets funding agency safeguard policies.

5. The MPRRDA has selected about 654.05 km of rural roads to be taken up under RCIP as sample subproject roads in Madhya Pradesh. The 654.05 km of roads comprises 267 different stretches spread over in nine districts of the State. Within each district, the roads are further scattered in several blocks and sub divisions. In this batch of subprojects, the longest road is 11.00 km (M. N. Road to Badchapra in Ratlam Block of Ratlam district), while the shortest is 0.510 km (Khudel Road to Mundla Jetkaram in Indore block of ), the average length works out to 2.54 km. The list of 654.05 km roads with location and length is given in Appendix 1.1.

C. Rural Road Construction Proposal

6. The proposal for rural road construction works typically considers a 10-12 m right of way (ROW), which includes side slopes for embankment, side drains on either side of the alignment. The roads consists both Black Top (B.T.) and Cement Concrete (C.C.) as per the ROW availability.

7. The construction proposals are confined to the existing alignment of the unpaved tracks. Majority of these are foot/pathways traditionally used by the villagers and transformed into the present form of unpaved tracks/roads through minor construction works taken up by the communities, local bodies and state Government over the decades.

D. ADB Safeguard Policies and Category of the Project

8. The Asian Development Bank has defined its Safeguard requirements under its ‘Safeguard Policy Statement 2009’ (SPS 2009). The SPS 2009 require environmental assessment, mitigation and commitment towards environmental protection. The prime objectives of these safeguard policies are to (i) avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people, where possible; and (ii) minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and affected people when avoidance is not possible. ADB as per SPS 2009 classify a project into category A, B or C depending on potential adverse environmental impacts.

9. The project has been evaluated considering outcome of Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist2 and the same is enclosed as Appendix 1.2. All environmentally sensitive components along each subproject roads is critically analyzed to assess the magnitude and extent of likely impacts. These sample subproject roads stretches do not pass through any protected areas nor located near any archeologically important monument. As per selection guidelines, none of the selected subproject road passes through reserved forests

have dead ends terminating on a habitation, while through routes arise from the confluence of two or more link routes and emerge on to a major road or to a market centre. 2 REA checklist defined for Roads and Highways as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003. 3

either. Few tree-cutting though may be involved. The roads primarily pass through agricultural and residential areas. Most of the roads follow existing village roads and unpaved movement paths. As such, land acquisition is also low. Hence, the project will fall under category B as per ADB SPS 2009.

10. No categorization is made under environmental legislation since these small roads do not require any environmental clearance in accordance to Indian Environmental (Protection) Act and Rules, 1986 amended till date.

E. Objectives and Approach for Environmental Assessment

11. The prime objectives of the environmental assessment is to identify the likely environmental impacts during design, construction and operation stage of each subproject and suggest cost effective mitigation and monitoring measures with institutional mechanism applicable to all the subprojects as well as specific to a subproject.

12. Since there is large number of subproject roads involved under RCIP and magnitude of each road is small, preparation of individual IEE’s for each road will be difficult and time consuming. ADB had finalized Environmental Code of Practices (ECOP) checklist (Appendix 1.3) under RRS III, which is modified for RCIP. Subprojects specific Initial Environmental Assessment (IEE) is carried out as per this ECOP checklist. These completed ECOP checklist with annexures on tree, utility and community structures, strip maps and photographs for each selected sample road are enclosed as Appendix 1.4.

13. The findings of subproject specific assessment suggest that similar issues exist amongst the state roads with very few subproject specific issues. Therefore, state specific IEE report has been prepared based on ECOP checklist of selected sample subproject roads (about 100 km per state). This IEE approach will be followed for conducting environmental assessment for remaining subprojects under RCIP.

F. IEE Methodology and Content

14. The state specific IEE has been largely structured as per SPS, 2009 and ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). The IEE reports EMPs, including EMPs, monitoring plans, cover the most environmentally sensitive components in state as well as specific to subproject roads.

15. Corridor of Impact: The direct area of influence or the corridor of impact (COI) has been considered as, 10 m on either side of the proposed sample roads alignment Based on the proposed cross-section.

16. Field visits, Primary and Secondary Data Collection: Each selected sample road was visited along with concerned PIU officials for environmental assessment and identification of associated environmental issues. Each road specific strip map was prepared during the field visit to capture the information related to tree inventory, utility and community structures located along the proposed road alignment, surface water bodies, and ecological sensitivities. Secondary environmental information pertaining to the environmental issues, protected area, forests areas were collected from various government and non-governmental/research institutions for assessment of the baseline environment of the project locations, district and state as a whole.

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17. Data Analysis, Impact identification and Mitigation Measures: Information collected was analyzed and impact was identified using experts’ assessment and following established practices. Mitigative measures are proposed common to larger roads and specific to the roads. EMP is prepared considering mitigative measures and institutional framework of SRRDA.

18. The IEE report includes following seven chapters including this introduction Chapter.

• Chapter 1- Introduction • Chapter 2- Description of Project • Chapter 3- Description of Environment • Chapter 4- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures • Chapter 5- Institutional Requirement and Environmental Monitoring Plan • Chapter 6- Public Consultation and Information Disclosure • Chapter 7- Conclusion and Recommendation

G. Legal Framework and Legislative Requirements

19. India has well defined institutional and legislative framework. The legislation covers all components of environment viz air, water, soil, terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna, natural resources, and sensitive habitats. India is also signatory to various international conventions and protocols.

20. As per Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006; amended in 2009 defines the environmental impact assessment for defined development projects. All new or expansion of National and State Highways requires Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Clearance from central or state level Environmental Appraisal Authority. However, small roads projects as proposed under RCIP do not require environmental assessment or clearance as per above notification. Since above environmental assessment requirement is not applicable, the mainstream environmental concerns specific procedures that were formulated under Rural Roads Sector I (RRS I) and Rural Roads Sector III Investment Program (RRS III) will in any case be implemented.

21. In addition to above, new road construction or road improvement work attract many legislation including for diversion of forest land, tree cutting, opening of new quarry, establishment of temporary workshops, construction camps, hot mix plants, and use of vehicles for construction. The legislation applicable for sample RCIP roads are listed below:

Sl. No. Legislation Applicability 1. Environment (Protection) Act Not applicable to these rural roads. It is applicable 1986-EIA Notification 2006 only to National and State highways. (Amended 2009) 2. Forests (Conservation) Act As per above Act/Rules Forest Clearance from 1980 (Amended 1988), and Department of Forests/Ministry of Environment Forest (Conservation) Rules, and Forests Govt. of India is required for 1981, (Amended 2003) diversion of forest land (if any) for non-forest purpose. Prior permission is required from forests department to carry out any work within the forest areas and felling of roadside trees. Cutting of trees need to be compensated by compensatory afforestation as per permission condition. 5

Sl. No. Legislation Applicability 3. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, Not Applicable, since no sample road is selected if 1972 (Amended 1993); Not it passes through protected areas. applicable in this case. Since No roads will be selected passing through protected areas or sanctuaries 4. The Water (Prevention and Placement of hot-mix plants, quarrying and Control of Pollution) Act 1972 crushers, batch mixing plants, discharge of (Amended 1988), and the sewage from construction camps requires No Water (Prevention and Control Objection Certificate (Consent to Establish and of Pollution) Rules, 1974 Consent to Operate) from State Pollution Control 5. The Air (Prevention and Board prior to start of construction or setting up Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, specific facility. Authorisation will also be required (Amended 1987), and the Air for disposal of Hazardous Waste like waste oil etc. (Prevention and Control of from State Pollution Control Board Pollution) Rules, 1982 6. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 (Amended 2002) 7. The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2008 (Amended 2009), and the Batteries (Management and Handling) Rule, 2001 8. Guidelines for Ground Water Permission from Central Ground Water Authority Extraction Prescribed by (CGWA) is required for extracting ground water for Central Ground Water construction purposes, from declared as Semi- Authority under the power critical, Critical and Overexploited areas from ground granted under Environment water potential prospective. For NOC, An application (Protection) Act 1986 in the prescribed Performa is to be submitted either to the Office of the Regional Director, (CGWB) of the concerned state, or to Member Secretary, CGWA, New Delhi

22. The PMGSY Scheme and Guidelines (2004) No. 12025/8/2001-RC, Ministry of Rural Development (MORD) also defines environmental safeguards particularly with respect to sample road selection and regulatory compliance which is also to be complied with.

H. Acknowledgement

23. The consultants gratefully acknowledge the support received from NRRDA and MPRRDA officials throughout the environmental assessment process. We also acknowledge the assistance received from respective PIUs during field visits and other Govt. agencies for primary and secondary data collection as well during public consultation.

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II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT A. General

24. The PMGSY program has mandate to provide all-weather roads to all the rural habitations within the country. RCIP is planned to meet above objective. The selection of roads in the five states for funding under the RCIP is done by the State Rural Roads Development Agencies by selecting roads from their core network that is decided by taking into account different parameters made by the respective state governments. The broad specification for road alignment selection, payment design, construction methodology, geometric designs are same and is as per the “Specification for Rural Roads” published by IRC on behalf of the Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India. The design details presented in this chapter are as per above specifications. Minor changes will apply depending on road specific issues and design consideration.

25. Since topography of selected project districts Madhya Pradesh state is largely flat, the design details applicable to flat terrain suit the requirements, and therefore do get mentioend in following section.

B. Sample Roads Selected in Madhya Pradesh State

26. The Madhya Pradesh state has selected 267 roads with a total length of 654.05 Km spread over nine districts as summarised at Table II-A below and detailed at Appendix 1.1.

Table II-A: Summary of District Wise Rural Roads Average Road Length Total Sl. No of Road (Km) District Length No. Roads Length (km) Max Min (Km) 1 15 31.75 2.07 4.125 0.810 2 41 104.10 2.60 9.5 0.7 3 Indore 36 110.81 3.09 5.6 0.510 4 Jabalpur 51 91.86 1.81 5.2 0.600 5 Mandsaur 19 47.60 2.42 4.40 0.700 6 Neemuch 25 61.36 2.15 3.40 0.750 7 Ratlam 26 75.475 3.008 11.00 0.800 8 Sehore 14 55.65 2.88 5.630 1.00 9 27 75.45 2.86 6.80 0.800 Total/Average 267 654.05 2.54 6.18 0.74

C. Project Description

1. Rural Road Construction Proposals

27. The proposed rural road construction work will provide 7.5 m roadway width3 with 3.75 m carriageway in accordance with the IRC-SP 20: 2002 in plain terrain. The proposal considers a 3.75 m cement concrete pavement with lined storm water drains for stretches passing through built-up areas, waterlogged/water overtopping/ flood-prone areas. The pavement design considers a base layer of variable thickness as per the design with granular sub-base, 150 mm

3 The road width may face reduction of width to 6m as per PMGSY recent decision. 7 thick water bound macadam (WBM grade I & II) and finally topped with 20 mm thick bituminous pavement. Adequate cross-drainage structures like pipe or slab culverts/bridge structures do get included for drainage channels across the roads. Few minor bridges will also need to be constructed. Figure 2.1 shows the typical cross section of the rural roads.

28. The rural road construction works will be in conformance with the Rural Roads Manual and/or Technical Specifications (IRC: SP20: 2002) for Rural Roads published by the Indian Road Congress (IRC) on behalf of Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. The broad design considerations do get a mention at a later part of this chapter.

2. Present Condition

29. The project roads mainly pass through plain terrain and agricultural area. The project roads have several cross-drainage structure, electric post and telephone post along the existing alignment. There are some community physical structures like Temple, primary or secondary schools beside the roads alignment, but will not be affected due to the widening of roads. There are some utilities besides the roads. Some of these may need shifting.

3. Alignment and Profile

30. The existing road is generally an earthen track with some stretches of brickbat soling (description of the road surface). The construction works should adhere to the existing alignment. The existing horizontal and vertical alignment/profile will be generally maintained except for minor smoothening or corrections to sustain consistent design speed without causing any land acquisition requirements and thereby the possible social and/or environmental concerns.

4. Design Considerations

31. Geometrical Design and ROW Requirements: The geometric design standards for this project will conform to PMGSY (ADB) guidelines and the guidelines as stated in IRC-SP 20:2002 and the final recommendations of NRRDA expert committee (refer D.O. no. - 17305/1/2007-Tech/12 dated 30/09/2010). Recommended design standards vis-à-vis the standards followed for this road are described below. The requirement of ROW as per PMGSY guidelines considered for the design is given at Table II-B below:

Table II-B: ROW Requirement Plain and Rolling Terrain (ROW in m) Road classification Open Area Built-up Area Width Range Width Range

Rural roads 15 15-25 6.0 6.0 (ODR and VR)

ODR= other district road, VR= village road.

32. Since terrain is plain, the design speed considered is as per recommended design speed of 50 km/h for ruling terrain (40 km/h as minimum speed). The radius of horizontal curve will be 90 m ruling minimum (60m absolute minimum). The vertical alignment design is as per ruling gradient of 3.3% applicable for plain terrain.

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33. Pavement and Embankment Design: Considering the sub-grade strength, projected traffic and the design life, the pavement design for low volume PMGSY roads are proposed to be carried out as per guidelines of IRC: SP: 72 – 2007 or IRC SP:77 “Design of Gravel Road” and IRC SP:62-2004 “Cement Concrete roads”. In built-up area for hygienic and safety reasons, C.C pavement is proposed with a hard shoulder and appropriate line drain. A design life of 10 years is considered for the purpose of pavement design of flexible and granular pavements. The embankment height considered as 1 m (average) from ground to crust except at the approaches of cross-drainage structures. The embankment height will vary in flood prone area as per the HFL.

34. Roadside drain: As the insufficient drainage of surface water leads to rapid damage of road, road side drain (Figure 2.1) are provided on the locations of habitation areas with concrete pavement. The rain water will flow along the longitudinal slope and intermittent gaps in concrete curbs.

35. Carriageway: The carriageway is proposed as 3.75 m as per IRC-SP20 : 2002. It may be even restricted to 3.0 m, where traffic intensity is less than 100 motorized vehicles per day and where the traffic is not likely to increase due to situation, like dead end, low habitation and difficult terrain condition. The ROW requirement in built-up/constricted area may be even reduced to 5 m.

36. Shoulder: Earthen shoulder shall be constructed in layers and compacted to 100% of Proctor’s Density. It is proposed to have 1.875 m wide shoulder (0.875 m hard shoulder and 1 m earthen shoulder) on either side of carriage way. In MP, the road width is considered as 6 m (3.75 carriageway and 1.125 m shoulder on either side).

37. Surfacing: Slow setting bitumen emulsion will be applied as primer on water bound layer. Rapid setting bituminous emulsion shall be used for Tack coat. Premixed carpet 20 mm thick and mixed with equivalent viscosity grade bitumen shall be laid as surfacing course. 6 mm thick, Type B seal coat is considered for sealing of the premixed carpet.

38. Structural Works :Following grades of concrete are proposed for Structural works as per specified MORD and IRC specifications:

• Concrete in superstructure of Slab Culvert – M-25 (RCC) • Concrete in Abutment cap, Dirt wall of slab culverts – M-25 (PCC) • Brickwork in Abutment, Return Wall, Headwall – Cement mortar (1:4) • Concrete below Abutment, Return Wall, Headwall – M-10 (PCC) • Concrete in pavement (on carriageway) – M-30 (PCC) • Concrete in pavement (on shoulder and drain) – M-25 (PCC)

5. Construction Methods

39. Since these are smaller roads, NRRDA has framed specific guidelines for cost-effective construction of these rural roads. As per the guideline of NRRDA, construction by more of manual means is preferred. Motor grader & tractor-towed rotavator shall be used for handling of bulk materials like spreading of aggregates in sub-base & base courses by mix-in-place method. Compaction of all items shall be done by ordinary smooth wheeled roller, if the thickness of the compacted layer does not exceed 100 mm. It is also considered that, hot mix plant of medium type & capacity with separate dryer arrangement for aggregate shall be used for bituminous 9 surfacing work that can be easily shifted. A self-propelled or towed bitumen pressure sprayer shall be used for spraying the materials in narrow strips with a pressure hand sprayer. For structural works, concrete shall be mixed in a mechanical mixer fitted with water measuring device. The excavation shall be done manually or mechanically using suitable medium size excavators.

6. Available Right of Way

40. As per the information available with Madhya Pradesh Rural Road Development Agency (MPRRDA), ROW (8-12m) is available for all the sample roads. In some of the road, it is put to agricultural use by the adjacent landowners. The private landowners along the proposed right of way (ROW) however, are voluntarily parting the encroached land and in some cases are ready to part even their own private land without any compensation if required, anticipating the developmental benefits from the road construction works.

7. Traffic

41. The present traffic data on each of these rural roads typically vary between 10-25 vehicles per day on most of the rural stretches. The traffic largely comprises motor cycles/two wheelers, tractors, light commercial vehicles, animal drawn carts and bicycles.

8. Economic Assessment

42. The economic analysis carried out under the project has indicated that the rural road construction works will act as a catalyst for the rural economic growth and poverty alleviation of the community in the region.

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Figure II.1 : Typical Cross-section of Rural Roads

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Background

43. Baseline environmental conditions about all facets of environment viz. physical, biological and socioeconomic have been established using both primary and secondary sources, consultation with local people, and interaction with forests officials and other Government officials. Efforts have been made to collect the latest information both at regional as well as local level especially along the project roads alignment. This will help to predict likely changes in the environment due to the RCIP road construction and will serve as performance indicators for various components.

44. The baseline information is presented below at state level and district level. Road specific environmental salient features has also been summarised in this chapter.

45. Madhya Pradesh is located between lat. 21°04'N and long. 74°02' and 82°49' E, The geographical area of the state is 308,144 km2 (118,975 sq mi) which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km2 (36,765 sq mi) constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. The state boundary touches six states of the country, namely Chhattisgarh, , , Orissa, & . The selected Sample roads fall in Dhar, Sagar, and Damoh districts of the state. Summary key environmental features of these three districts are given in Table III-A.

B. Physical Environment

1. Meteorology and Climate

46. Madhya Pradesh has a topography that is crossed from north to south by plains separated by upland areas. The climate is extreme in the north of Madhya Pradesh. It is cool and breezy in the central parts and humid in the eastern and southern regions. Best time to visit is between Septembers to February. The state has three main seasons:

• Winter: November to February are the months of winter during which the average temperatures range from 10° to 27° C (50° to 81° F). Winters are usually pleasant and dry. • Summer: The March-to-May season is hot and dry. Summers are hot, with an average temperature of 29°C (85°F) and a high temperature that at times reaches 48°C (118°F). • Monsoon season: The climate is monsoonal between June to September. During the monsoon season temperatures average 19° to 30° C (66° to 86° F). Madhya Pradesh receives an average annual rainfall of about 1200 mm (nearly 50 in), of which 90 percent falls during the monsoon season.

2. Ambient Air Quality

47. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution sources other than traffic and few brick-kilns existing in the area. These were located in open area and operate only for few months. As such, the ambient air quality (for parameters SO2, RSPM and NOX) is expected to be within the limits in most of rural and semi urban areas. However, in absence of any existing data on ambient air quality levels of the project area, secondary sources were referred.

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Table III-A: Summary Key Environmental Features of the Sample Road Districts Ecologically Geomorphology Sensitive Area Major Major Soil Location (Major Physiographic Districts Climate (Wild Life Drainage Type Principal Crops Units and land use) Sanctuaries/

National Park etc) ° has an ° The climate is dry to ° The district has ° The district is part of ° The district ° The soil is area of 2772. 40 sq. km. sub-humid and the 437.19km2 area the Vindhya Plateau falls mostly medium to ° Bhopal is divided into two average yearly under forest. in the shallow sub-divisions- rainfall is around ° Van Vihar is a Parbati black and Huzur 1130 mm. forest area watershed ° Bhopal district has a total around Bhopal area. Other population of 2,368,145 smaller as per 2011 census rivers are Bhopal ° Bhopal is surrounded by Halali, Bah, Guna to the north, Sagar, Vidisha in north-east, Kolar etc. Raisen in East and South-East, Sehore in south and south-west and Rajgarh in the north- west zone ° Indore is situated on ° The climate is semi- ° Indore forms part of ° Chambal ° The soil is Plateau at 553 arid and the annual the Malwa and and of medium metres above sea-level rainfall ranges Nimar Plateau Kshipra to deep ° It is located between 23o between 850 to 900 Rivers are black type N longitude and 76o E mm the mian latitude rivers of ° The total area of the Indore district is 3898 sq kms ° Saraswat, ° Indore district’s total Khan and Indore population is 3,272,335 Gambhir as per 2011 census are the ° Indore is surrounded by other rivers Ujjain district in the north, Dewas in the east, Khargone (West Nimar) in the south and Dhar district in the west ° Indore district is divided 13

Ecologically Geomorphology Sensitive Area Major Major Soil Location (Major Physiographic Districts Climate (Wild Life Drainage Type Principal Crops Units and land use) Sanctuaries/

National Park etc) into five Tehsils, namely Depalpur, Sanwar, MHOW, HATOD and Indore ° Jabalpur is divided into ° The climate is dry ° Jabalpur forms part ° The district The soil is of four tehsils, namely sub-humid and the of the Kaimur falls mostly medium Sihora, Patan, Jabalpur average annual Plateau and Satpura in the black type and Kundam rainfall ranges hills Narmada ° The total population of between 1050 to watershed is 1100 mm area. Other 2,15,1203 as per 2001 smaller census rivers are Jabalpur ° Jabalpur is surrounded , by Katni in the north & Hirann, north-east, Damoh in the Sindor etc. north and norh-west, Narsimhapur in the south-west, Seoni in the south and Mandla in the south-east ° Total Geographical area ° The climate is ° Mandsaur forms part ° Shivna The soil is Wheat, Jowar, of Mandsaur district is tropical to semi-arid of the Malwa and river is medium to Maize and 5521 Sq. Km dry, and average Nimar Plateau main deep black pulses like ° The total population of annual rainfall ranges drainage Gram, Urad Mandsaur district as per between 850 and system of and Arhar are Mandsaur 2001 census is 1183274 900 mm Mandsaur the main ° Mandsaur has four sub- crops divisions namely Mandsaur, Sitamau, Malhargarh and Garoth ° Neemuch lies between ° The climate is semi- ° ° Neemuch forms part ° ° The soil is ° Wheat, 24.15 and 24.35 degree arid and average of the Malwa and medium to Jowar, Maize north longitude, and annual rainfall rnages Nimar Plateau deep black and pulses Neemuch between 74.45 & 75.37 between 850 and like Gram, degree east latitude 900 mm Urad and ° The population of Arhar are the

14

Ecologically Geomorphology Sensitive Area Major Major Soil Location (Major Physiographic Districts Climate (Wild Life Drainage Type Principal Crops Units and land use) Sanctuaries/

National Park etc) Neemuch as per 2011 main crops census is 825958 ° Sehore stretches ° The climate is dry to ° ’s ° Narmada, The soil is of between22.31 degree to sub-humid and the height is around Parvati, medium 23. 40 degree north average yearly 1500 ft to 2000 ft Dudhi, black type longitude, and from 76.22 rainfall is around from the sea level Newaj, degree east to 78.08 1100 to 1150 mm Kolar, degree east latitude Papnas, ° Sehore has a total Kulans, Sehore population of 1,311,008 Seewan, as per 2011 census Lotia ° Sehore is surrounded by among seven districts, viz, others, are Bhopal, Raisen, the main , Dewas, rivers of Shajapur, Rajgarh and Sehore ° Tikamgarh extends ° The climate is dry ° Tikamgarh forms ° Betwa, ° The soil is ° The main between the latitude 24 sub-humid and part of the Dhasan,Ja of mixed crops of the degree 26 minute and 25 average annual mni, Bagri red and district are degree 34 minute N and rainfall rnages Plateau region and Barua black type Jowar, between 78 degree26 between 700 to 750 are the Wheat, minute and 79 degree 21 mm main rivers Paddy, Urad minute Longitudes of and Till, ° is Tikamgarh Soyabean bounded by amongst the Tikamgarh district to east, Lalitpur oilseeds while district Uttar Pradesh to Sugarcane West, to North also is grown and Sagar to South to a certain ° The total area is 5048 sq extent. km ° Besides ° The total population is Gram, Urad 1,202,998 as per 2001 and Moong census are among ° Tikamgarh has three sub- other 15

Ecologically Geomorphology Sensitive Area Major Major Soil Location (Major Physiographic Districts Climate (Wild Life Drainage Type Principal Crops Units and land use) Sanctuaries/

National Park etc) divisions namely important Tikamgarh, Niwari and pulses of the ; and six tehsils district and namely, Niwari, Jatara, are grown Tikamgarh, , generally in and Kharif ° Ratlam has an area of ° The average ° Part of Malwa ° Chambal ° The soil ° Wheat, Jowar 4861 Km2. It is in the temperature is 55 Plateau having and Shipra types range Maize, pulses western border of degree Fahrenheit basaltic flows and along with from like Chana Madhya Pradesh and average rainfall rocks, besides Alot its medium and Urad bordering . is 90 cm, which blocks, Vindhyan tributaries, balck to besides ° Ratlam has five tehsils,, occurs mainly sandstones Khan and shallow Soyabean nine towns and 1063 between July and Ratlam Gambhir black along and villages (2001 census), August every year are the with red Groundnut with a population of major rivers and yellow are t he main 1,454,483 (2011 census), in Ratlam soil. It is crops. Cotton population density of 299 found is also persons per sq km and a sulphur another main sex ratio of 973 females deficient crop per 1000 males ° Damoh is located ° The average ° The district has ° The region is rich in ° Kopra, ° Medium ° Paddy, between 23.09 Degree temperature varies a forest area of limestone. However, Sonar, Black, maize, black North Longitude and between 33.76-18.16 4135 sq kms the major part of the Gouraya Mixed Red gram, green 79.03 Degree East Degree Celsius with terrain is plain area, and Bama and Black gram, Latitude. It has an area of the highest and expect perhaps fora are major soil as well soybean, 7306 sq kms lowest temperature part of the Kaimur rivers. as Red and pigeon pea ° Damoh has a population recorded being 38 hills Irrigation Yellow soil are the major Damoh of 1,083,949 as per 2001 and 6 Degree mainly types are crops grown. census with a population Celsius. Damoh has depends found in density of 173 per sq km an average rainfall upon Ratlam and a sex ratio of 913 of 903.5 mm. monsoon district. The females per 1000 males. rainfall soil found It has five towns, 1229 is sulphur villages and seven deficient blocks. Source: Central Ground Water Authority Report and other District/Govt. Website.

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Table III-B: Maximum Observed Ambient Air Quality during 2008 SO2 NO2 RSPM Area Classification (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Industrial ( maximum observed value) 30 27 265 Residential ( maximum observed value) 8 20 105 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Industrial and Residential Areas 80 80 100 Source: National Ambient Air Quality Status, 2008, CPCB, and Table 3.3.

48. The above table reveals that the concentration of all the pollutants is higher in industrial areas especially respirable suspended particulate matter. The levels of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are however, well within the limits (NAAQS). The higher particulate matter levels are attributed to the vehicular movement on unpaved roads and the loose dust in the agricultural fields that lead to formation of dust clouds over short periods. The same can be concluded from Table III-C, which provides a comparison of the air quality at different locations.

Table III-C: Ambient Air Quality Status of Madhya Pradesh in Previous Years Type of SO2 NO2 RSPM SPM City Location Area 2008 2008 2008 2008 Bhopal Govindpura 1 7 17 91 205 Arera colony R BDL 34 129 356 Hamidia road R 9 20 124 308 T.T. Nagar R 5 11 62 120 Dewas Eid Parry(I)Ltd I 20 27 96 218 Vikas Nagar R 15 22 72 187 Gwalior Dindyal Nagar R 8 18 133 234 Maharaj Bada R 9 14 92 306 Indore Polo ground I 12 22 240 357 Kothari market R 12 22 217 325 Scheme no. 78 R 6 12 131 203 Jabalpur Vijay Nagar R BDL 25 136 297 Nagda Chem. D Labor club I 30 18 113 158 Grasim guest house no 2 R 15 25 92 132 Grasim Kalyan Kendra R 22 32 97 141 Sagar Pt. Deendayal Nagar R 3 17 115 232 Satna Sub divisional Off. I 4 BDL 265 410 Regional office R BDL BDL 115 166 Ujjain District office I 15 16 154 317 Regional office R 7 9 70 151 Mahakal temple S 12 12 82 174 Singrauli Jayant township R 78 386 NTPC Vidyanagar R 86 326 Waidhan R 49 227 National Ambient Industrial Area ( I ) & Not Air Quality Residential Area ( R) 80 80 80 100 Prescri Standards ( 24 hourly average) bed Source: National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Series, CPCB R – Residential and other areas, I – Industrial area, L- Low, M- Moderate, H – High and C – Critical levels of pollution based on exceedence factor (calculated for n > 50 days). 17

3. Noise

49. Along the proposed road construction proposals, there is neither significant industrial activity nor significant vehicular traffic contributing to ambient noise levels. The occasional vehicular movement on the unpaved roads contributes to increased noise levels over short duration and limited to daytime. The existing roads do not appear to have vehicular traffic in the nigh time. Therefore the ambient noise levels are expected to be within the National Ambient Noise Standards.

4. Topography and Geomorphology

50. The State of Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state of the country. It covers an area of 30.82 million hectare, which constitutes 9.37% of the land area of the country. “Madhya Pradesh” by virtue of its geographical location can be termed as “Heart of India”. The state is surrounded by in the West, Rajasthan in the North-West, Uttar Pradesh in the North- east, Chhattisgarh in the East and Maharashtra in the South. Landlocked in the central part of the country, Madhya Pradesh has topography that crossed from north to south by plains separated by upland areas. Geographically, Madhya Pradesh consists of a plateau with a mean elevation of 1,600 ft above sea level, interspersed with the mountains of the Vindhya and the Satpura ranges with the Chhattisgarh plains to the east. The hills give rise to the main river systems - the Narmada and the Tapti, running from east to west, and the Chambal, Sone, Betwa, , and the Indravati west to east. Ground elevation varies from 270 m to 750 m above mean sea level.

51. The soils of state are rich and fertile. The state has a variety of soils ranging from richclayey to gravely. The major groups of soils found in the state can be divided in to following four categories i.e. alluvial, medium & deep black; shallow & medium black; and mixed red & black. Categorically state has two agro-climatic zones namely (i) Central Plateau & Hill Region, and (ii) Western Plateau & Hill Region. These two zones have been further sub-grouped and the description regarding area and its soil &geological features.

Figure III.1 :Geographical / Geological Map of Madhya Pradesh

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5. Geology/Soil

52. The geology /soil of the state of Madhya Pradesh is given below:

Sub-group Rainfall Zone District covered Climate Type of Soil (Region) (mm) Chattarpur, Dry sub- Mixed red & Bundelkhand , 700 Tikamgarh humid Black Chhattisgarh Moist sub- Mandla, Dindori 1570 Red & Yellow Hills humid Jabalpur, Panna, Kaimur Satna, Rewa, Sidhi, Dry sub- Plateau & Seoni, Katni, Balaghat, 1100 Medium Black humid Satpura Hills Shahdol, Anuppur, Umariya Bhopal, Damoh, Central Vindhya Dry sub- Shallow to Raisen, Sagar, Sehore, 1130 Plateau and Plateau humid Medium Black Hill Region Vidisha Satpura Betul, Chhindwara, Dry sub- Shallow to 1220 Plateau humid Medium Black Central Dry sub- Narmada Hosangabad, Harda 1300 Deep Black humid Valley Morena, Bhind, Gwalior, Guna, Medium Black Gird 670 Semi-arid Shivpuri, Ashoknagar , alluvial Sheopur Medium to Jhabua Hills Jhabua 988 Semi-arid black deep Indore, Dhar, Ujjain, Western Ratlam, Dewas, Plateau and Malwa & Mandsaur, Rajgarh, Medium to Hill Region Nimar 874 Semi-arid Shajapur, Khandwa, deep black Plateau Khargone, Neemuch, Badwani, Burhanpur

53. Soil -The major soil types within the project districts can be classified into three groups namely vertisol, altisol, and entisols. These soil types are further classified into red yellow loamy, black cotton soils. The entisols is sub-classified into younger alluvial, and laterite soils. The Atlisols is sub-classified into lateritic and alluvial soils. The vertisol is sub-classified into baslic black cotton soil, older alluvial soils. Textures of soils are medium to heavy grained.

6. Earthquake & Seismicity

54. Seismic Hazard. The seismic hazard map of India was updated by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in 2000.4 The main change was merging of Zones I & II. As per this updation, Zone II and III (low to moderate Risk) stretches across the length of the MP State (Figure 3.2). According to GSHAP data, the state of Madhya Pradesh falls in a region of low to moderate seismic hazard.

4 IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings (Fifth Revision). 19

Madhya Pradesh State

Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune

Figure III.2 : Seismic Zone Map

Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002

Figure III.3 : Hazard Zone Map 7. Land use

55. The most of the geographical area (307560 sq. km i.e. about 98 percent) of the state is available for utilization. Agriculture is the major land use in state followed by forests. The area under various land uses in the state is presented in the Table III-D. Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture, barren forest land and residential areas. (Table 3.4).

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Table III-D: Land Use Pattern in the State Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Total Geographical area 30,825 Reporting area for land Utilization 30,756 99.78 Forests 8683 28.17 Not Available for cultivation 3350 10.87 Permanent pastures and other grassing land 1360 4.41 Land under miscellaneous tree crops & groves 19 0.06 Culturable wasteland 1177 3.82 Fallow lands other current fallows 621 2.01 Current fallows 599 1.94 Net area sown (as per agriculture census 1995- 96 expect total cropped area) 14,945 48.48 Source: State of Forest Report, 2005, Forest Survey of India Dehradun.

8. Hydrology and Water Quality

56. Madhya Pradesh is criss-crossed by India’s four major rivers namely Narmada, Tapti, Sone and Mahanadi along with their numerous tributaries. Availability of water in from these rivers to the state is more than 81000 million cubic meters annually, out of which approximately 56857million cubic meters i.e. 69.74% could be utilized.

57. None of the rural road crosses any natural stream except two roads, which crosses Keth River and Chamla rivers. Sample road are mostly crossed by seasonal small channels. Ground water being extracted through hand pumps or tubewell is the main source of water supply to villagers.

58. Surface Water Quality: In Madhya Pradesh, pollution is increasing in most of surface water resources in major towns due to increasing urbanization trend. The estimated surface water available for use is around 306682 Million Cubic Meter (MCM). None of the water sources are safe for drinking or bathing without conventional water treatment. Rivers such as Narmada, Sone,Tapti Chambal, ken and Betwa, etc. are found to be polluted at different stretches due to industrial, domestic and agricultural pollution. Among all the rivers, Narmada and Ken River is the most polluted.

59. Groundwater Quality and Availability: The total Net Ground Water availability of Madhya Pradesh (1998) is 31093575.60 ha of which total current Ground Water Draft is 1437520.00 ha. The state is currently exploiting 46% of the available ground water. On 70% dependable yield, groundwater usage is around 66%. In hilly and undulating regions, springs, rivulets and wells provide drinking water. Most households in rural areas now rely on hand pumps for their supply of drinking water.

60. Among the 50 districts of the state, current ground water condition is safe in 40 districts. In 10 districts the ground water condition is in critical in 5 blocks and overexploited in 24 blocks. In sample project districts, five blocks (Badnawar, Dhar, Manawar, Nalcha, and Tirla) in district Dar falls under overexploited category.

61. Fluoride, salinity and iron affect the quality of water in Madhya Pradesh. There are 4,018 villages with 7,746 sources in 22 districts that have been affected by fluoride; 562 villages with 21

1,269 sources in 13 districts that have been affected by salinity; and 856 villages with1, 449 sources in eight districts that have been affected by iron.

62. As per the central ground water board (CGWB) report, the groundwater quality of all the project districts Sagar, Sidhi, Dhar and Damoh, in both shallow and deeper aquifers is good and suitable for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. The Decadal (1995-2005) water table condition during pre-monsoon is shown in Figure 3.4.

Central Ground Water Board Northern Region Bhopal Figure III.4 : Decadal Water Table Conditions in the Project Districts

63. Hydrogeology: The largest State of the country is underlain by formations in age ranging from Achaean to Recent. One fifth of the area is occupied by granite gneisses and meta-sedimentary rocks, whereas one tenth by Gondwanas comprising sand stones, lime stones & marbles. The Deccan Trap covers a larger part of the State whereas the Quaternary alluvium covers 6% of the State area. The alluvial deposits form prolific aquifers where tube wells can yield in the range of 50-80 m3/hr. The yield of tube wells in sand stones of Gondwanas ranges between 20-30 m3/hr; whereas in limestone of Gondwanas, it varies between 50-80 m3/hr. The yield of tube wells in select area ranges between 20-30 m3/hr.

C. Ecological Resources

64. Variability in climatic and edaphic conditions brings about significant difference in the forest types of the state. There are four important forest types viz. Tropical Moist, Tropical Dry, Tropical Thorn, Subtropical broad leaved hill forests. The forest area can also be classified based on the composition of forest and terrain of the area. Based on composition, there are three important forest formations namely forest, Sal forest and miscellaneous forests. bearing areas are widely distributed in the state. To obviate pressure on the natural forests, plantations have been undertaken in forest and non forest areas to supplement the availability of fuel wood, small timber, fodder, etc.

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65. The forest cover has been classified in dense forest and open forest. The latest estimates of Forest Survey of India (FSI), published in the State of Forest Report (SFR) 2003, suggest that the total forest cover of M.P. is 76,429 sq. km., which is 24.79% of the land area - dense forest constituting 13.57% and open forest 11.22%. In addition to these two categories of cover, the land having canopy cover of less than 10% is classified as scrub. The area under scrub is not included in the forest cover. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are rich, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. Figure 3.5 shows the forest map of the state. Project districts largely have open forests.

Figure III.5 : Forest Map of Madhya Pradesh

66. The project area lies in tropical climate zone.It has a medium range of flora and fauna. Flora, fauna and vegetation types found in the areas have been described separately below. However, none of the roads consists of any rare, endangered or threatened floral species.

67. Although, none of the road stretches passes through any forest land/area5 but still has trees, which might require felling during clearing up operations for construction of rural roads. In most of cases, tree cutting has been minimized by suitably modifying the alignment. The list of commonly found flora in the sample road districts is given at Table III-E.

5 The two sample project passes through small patches of forests land which already been converted to non forest land after obtaining necessary permission from forest department. 23

Table III-E: List of Common Flora of Project Districts S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family Large Trees 1. Achar Buchanania lanzan (spreg) Anacardiaceae 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Combretaceae 3. Aam Mangifera indica (Linn) Anacardiaceae 4. Awla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5. Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn) Caesalpiniaceae 6. Kardhai Anogeissus pendula Combrataceae 7. Kala siras Albizia lebbek Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 8. Kevlor Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 9. Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 10. Kullu Sterculia urens Stcrculiaceae 11. Kem Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 12. Khair Acacia catechu Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 13. Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae 14. Gunja Gardenia pinnata Burseraceae 15. Jamun Syzygium cuimini Myrataceae 16. Tendu Diospyros melanoxeon Ebenaceae 17. Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 18. Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 19. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae 20. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 21. Palas Butea monosperma Leguminosea (papilionaceae) 22. Pangra Erythrina Suberosa Leguminosae (Pipilionaceae) 23. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 24. Bad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 25. Bahera Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 26. Babul Acacia nilotica Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 27. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 28. Bhirra Chloroxylon Swietenia Meliaceae 29. Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Simarubiaceae 30. Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 31. Shisham Delbergia latifolia, Roxb Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 32. Safed Siras Albizzia procera, Benth Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 33. Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 34. Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 35. Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 36. Seja Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 37. Semal Bombax cieba Malvaceae 38. Haldu Adina Cardifolia Rubiaceae Small Tree 39. Amaltash Cassia fistula Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 40. Astara Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae)

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S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 41. Asta Bauhinia racermosa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 42. Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Rhamnaceae 43. Ber Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae 44. Lokhandi Ixora arborea Rubiaceae 45. Sehra Bauhinia retusa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) Shrubs and Herbs 46. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 47. Arandi Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae 48. Aak Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 49. Gokhru Tribulus terrestris Zygophllaceae 50. Zhadneri Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 51. Tulsi Ocimum Sanctum Labiatae 52. Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae 53. Dhavai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 54. Nirgudi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 55. Neel Indigofera pulchella Leguminosae 56. Pawar Cassia tora Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 57. Beshram Ipomoea pescaparae Convolvulaceae 58. Bhatkatiya Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 59. Vidyasini Lantana camara Verbenaceae 60. Shatavari Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae 61. Sitafal Anona Squamosa Anonaceae 62. Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleacaae 63. Ratanjot Jatropha curacas Evphorbiaceae 64. Gunja Abrus precatorious Leguminosea 65. Amrbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae

68. The clearance of the vegetation and felling of trees for the road construction is an environmental concern. However, very small number of tree is falling within ROW and which can be saved with design considerations.

1. Terrestrial/Avian fauna:

69. The general faunal assessment was carried out in subproject area. The species generally found are given in Table III.F.

Table III-F: List of Common Fauna of Project Districts S. No. Local Name Zoological Name Family Mammals 1. Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 4. Common five Stripped squirrel Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae 5. Field rat Bandicota bengalensis Muridae 6. Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae 7. Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae 25

S. No. Local Name Zoological Name Family Reptiles 1. Python molurus Indian python Pythonidae 2. Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae 3. Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae 4. Hemidactyhus flaviviridis House Lizard Gekkonidae 5. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Agamidae 6. Naja naja Indian cobra Elapidae 7. Varanus bengalensis Moniter Lizard varanidae Avifauna 1. White Egret Egretta alba Ardeidae 2. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae 3. Common or Grey Quail Cotuenix coturnix Phasianidae 4. Red wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadridae 5. Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Collumbidae 6. Indian Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto Collumbidae 7. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Collumbidae 8. Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittacidae 9. Rose Ringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri Psittacidae 10. Blossom Headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae 11. Koel Eudynamys scolopaceae Cuculidae 12. Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Small Blue King Fisher or Alcedoatthis Alcedinidae 13. Common Kingfisher 14. White Breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae 15. Green Bee Eater Merops orientalis Meropidae 16. Indian Pitta Pitta brachyuran Pittiade 17. King Crow; Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruidae 18. Large Racket tailed Drango Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruidae 19. Common Mynah Aeridotheres tristis Sturnidae 20. Jungle Mynah Aeridotheres Sturnidae 21. House Crow Corvus splendens Corvidae 22. Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae 23. Red vented Bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Pycnontidae 24. Jungle Babbler Turdoidesstriatus Muscicapidae Timalinae 25. Pied Bush Chat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae 26. Magpie Robin Copsychus-saularis Muscicapidae Turdinae 27. Indian Robin Saxicola fulicatus Muscicapidae Turdinae 28. Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae 29. Purplesun Bird Nectarinia asiatica Nectarinidae 30. House Sparrow Passer-domesticus passerinae 31. Red Munia Estrilda amandava Estrildinae

2. Wild Life and Protected Areas

70. Madhya Pradesh is a pioneer state in the national movement for conservation of flora and fauna. Conservation oriented legal provisions were made in the erstwhile Acts regulating hunting of game-birds and wild animals. There are 9 national parks and 25 sanctuaries spread over an area of 10,862 sq. km constituting 11.40% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the state (Figure 3.6). Efforts are under way to increase the protected area network to 15% of the forest or 5% of the geographical area as suggested by State Wildlife Board. There is no wildlife Sanctuaries/National Parks, Reserves, etc. along the project area.

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Legend: National Park Sanctuaries

SL No shown above are synchronised with Sl. No in the table below

Figure III.6 : Protected Areas of Madhya Pradesh

71. Table III-G provides details of national park and sanctuaries corresponding to serial Number indicated at Figure 3.6 above.

Table III-G: List of Protected Areas in Madhya Pradesh I. List of National Park in M. P. (Sl. No. Below Correspond to Figure above) Area in S.No. Name and District of National Park Fauna Sq.Km. Tiger, Panther, Gaur, , Sambar, , , Barking Deer, Swamp 1. Kanha National Park, District Mandla 940 km² Deer, (), & variety of upland birds. Tiger, Panther, Gaur, Chital, Sambar, Bandhavgarh National Park, District 2 437 km² Nilgai, Chinkara, Barking Deer, Wild Umaria Boar & variety of upland birds. , District Panna, Tiger, Chital, Chinkara, Sambar and the 3 543 km² Chhatarpur Sloth Tiger, Panther, Bison, Chital, Sambhar, , District Seoni, Nilgai, Chinkara, Barking Deer, 4 293 km² Chhindwara Chowsingha, Wild Boar & variety of upland birds. Tiger, , Sambar, Chital, Bherki, Satpura National Park, District Nilgai, Four-horned antelope, Chinkara, 5 524 km² Bison (gour), Wild Boar, Wild Dog, Bear, Black Buck, Fox, Porcupine 27

I. List of National Park in M. P. (Sl. No. Below Correspond to Figure above) Area in S.No. Name and District of National Park Fauna Sq.Km. Tiger, Panther, Sambar, Chital, Gaur, 6 , District Sidhi 1938 km² etc. Panther, Chital, Sambar, Nilgai, , Chinkara, Black Buck, Chausingha, Wild 7 354 km² DistrictShivpuri Boar, Crocodiles in lake, & variety of upland birds. , 8 4.45 km² Tiger, Panther, Lion, Bear, Hyena etc. DistrictBhopal Mandla Plant Fossils National Park, 9 0.27 km² District Mandla Plant Fossils II. List of Wild Life Sanctuaries in M.P. (Sl. No. Below Correspond to Figure above) S. No. Sanctuary SL. No. Sanctuary 1. Bori 13. Panpatha 2. Bagdara 14. Kuno 3. Phen 15. Pench 4. Ghatigaon 16. Ratapani 5. Gandhisagar 17. Sanjay Dubri 6. Karera 18. Singhori 7. Ken Ghariyal 19. Son Ghariyal 8. Kheoni 20. Sardarpur 9. Narsinghgarh 21. Sailana 10. N. Chambal 22. Ralamandal 11. Nauradehi 23. Orchha 12. Pachmari 24. Gangau 25. V. Durgawati

3. Aquatic Biology

72. No wetland or large water body falls in and around the selected project roads area. Fisheries activities are also minimal in subproject areas.

D. Socioeconomic Environment

1. Demography

73. As per census 2001, Madhya Pradesh has a total population of 60 million persons. (Table III-H). It has one of the largest tribal populations in the country. Out of the 50 districts in the State, 19 are predominantly tribal. Eighty-nine blocks (approx. 28%) of the total 313 development blocks are tribal blocks.

Table III-H: Demographic Profile Indicators Status Indicators Status Population Literacy Total 6,03,85,218 Total 64.11% Male 3,14,56,973 (52%) Male 76.80% Female 2,89,28,245 (48%) Female 50.30% SC 15.17% SC 58.57% ST 20.27% ST 41.16%

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Urban 1,61,02,400 (27%) Urban 79.40% Rural 4,42,82,528 (73%) Rural 57.80% Sex ratio 920

2. Literacy and Education

74. The State literacy rate presently is 64.11% (source: Census 2001), which is close to the national literacy rate of 64.8 %. While the female literacy has considerably improved over the last decade, a great disparity persists in the literacy rates of males and females. Some blocks such as Alirajpur, Jobat (district Jhabua), Karahal (district Sheopur), (district Khargaon), Sendhwa (district Badwani), and Bajna (district Ratlam) have literacy rates below 35%.

3. Affluence

75. About 18.8 million People is considered living below poverty line in Madhya Pradesh, which constitutes about 43% of total population.

4. Agricultural

76. Agriculture is the main occupation in the state. About half of the land area is cultivable. The extent of availability of cultivable land varies depending on topography, rainfall, and soils. The larger cultivable land is found in the Chambal valley, Malwa Plateau, Rewa Plateau, and Chhattisgarh Plain.

77. The prime crop of the state is Cereals (about 41%), followed by pulses (about 20%), oilseed (about 30%) and vegetables, fruits, fodder, and other horticultural crops (about 9%).

5. Industries, Cottage and small industries

78. The state has various industrially developed estates. The major industrial produce includes cement, pigiron, steel ingots, news print, and sugar. Industrialization is low in the subproject areas. However, there is high potentiality for the growth of cottage and small industries in subproject areas. Better communication and transport facilities may be contributory in this growth.

6. Public Facilities (Communication, health services, water supply, power)

79. State has well-developed postage and telephone system. Subprojects areas also has good access to these facilities. Educational facilities are available in the village areas as well. However, rural population has to depend on urban areas for undergraduate level education. The urban area has well organised water supply systems. However, rural areas including subproject areas still depends on hand pumps.

80. MP state has total power generation capacity of 6305 MW. However, state is still power deficient. About 97.43% villages in the state are electrified.

E. Salient Environmental Features of Sample Roads

81. The salient environmental features of sample roads are summarized in Table III-I below:

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Table III-I: Salient Environmental Features of Sample Roads Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area and there are no endangered species • Habitation area located between CH-2000m to CH-2400m, CH-2700m CH-2800m with connecting village Sarwani Jagir • There was no grazing ground located on the chainage. • Agriculture land lies between CH-00m to CH- 2000m, CH-2400m to CH-2700m. • There are no barren land on this road and it passes mostly through agricultural land • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain Mundri to prone to landslide or erosion. 1 Ratlam Ratlam Sarwani Jagir • Big ponds were found at CH-400-500m and CH- (2.80 Km) 1700-1800m far away i.e. 300m from the proposed alignment • There was found some water crossing structures at Ch-00m to Ch-100m, Ch-1200m to Ch- 1300m, CH-1800m to CH-1900m, CH-2200m to CH-2300m has proposed CD. • There are few points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area was found on the road • There are 39 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that were found on the road • No faunal habitat, breeding ground, rare, endangered or threatened species etc. are found within 100 m of the road shoulder • Some utility, community and religious structures are found along the road • The topography is flat at almost all locations • No part of the road passes through forest area, nor any endangered species are found alongside the project road • The project road passes through the target village, namely Brahmankhedi, at CH 2900 to 3100 mtrs. Indore Ujjain • Agriculture land lies on both sides of the road Road to between Ch 00m to Ch 2700M 2 Indore Sanwer Brahman • There are grazing grounds located between (3.10) CH2700m till CH 2900m • The project road does not pass through any barren land • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain that may be prone to landslides • A few water crossing are there between CH500- 600m, Ch 800-900m, Ch 1800-1900m and CH 2600-2700m. CD’s have been proposed on the

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Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) above-mentioned locations • There are some points of water stagnation and related issues on or near the road. • A total of 19 trees are there within 10m of the center-line of the proposed alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No forest area or endangered species are found along the project road • The project road is passing through village namely Laxmanpura between CH-800m to CH- 1000m. • Agriculture land lies on both side of road between Ch-00m to CH-500m. • The project road is not passing through grazing land or barren land. Tikamgarh • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain Jatara Road to 3 Tikamgarh Tikamgarh prone to landslide or erosion. Laxmanpura (0.95) • Some water crossings have been found between CH-00m to CH-100m, CH-400m to CH- 500m, CH-700m to CH-800m at the proposed alignment. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • A total of 09 trees are falling within 10m of the center line of proposed alignment. • No rare, endangered or threatened species are there within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility, community and religious structures are found along the road • The topography of the road is flat in almost all the locations • However, some hills area is found at CH-1600m to CH-9500m along the proposed alignment. • Forestland is there at Ch-1400m to Ch-9500m at proposed alignment. However, no part of the chainage cuts thoruhg any forestland. • Inhabited area starts at Ch-400m to Ch-1200m, Ch-7400m to Ch-7800m and Ch-9000mto Ch- 9500m with connecting village Samnapur, Khari Tendukhe Samnapur to and Jamun respectively. 4 Damoh da Jamun (9.50) • Significant agricultural land was not found along the proposed alignment • Grazing ground land is no there along the proposed alignment. • No Barren land is there along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • There was not found any pond along the project road. 31

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) • There was found at Ch-1400m to Ch-1600m, Ch-2600m to Ch-2800m, Ch-3600m to Ch- 3800m, Ch-5400m to CH-5600m and Ch-7200m to Ch-7400m has been CD proposed and Ch- 400m to Ch-600m Existing CD • There are not at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area is there along the project road. • There was not found any faunal habitat at 11000 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility structures, religious/cultural and community structures/buildings were found alongside the proposed road alignment • Topography of the road is flat at almost all locations • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • There are no endangered species on this alignment • Inhabited area starts at Ch-00m to Ch-200m with connecting village Rampura • Agriculture land lies between Ch-200m to Ch- 700m • No barren land or grazing ground were found along the proposed alignment • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be MDR(ATP) to 5 Damoh Damoh constructed to avoid any erosion. Rampura (1.00) • There was not found any pond at proposed alignment. • There was found some water crossing points at Ch-300m to Ch-400m • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • There are not found any flood prone area along the project road. • There are 19 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more, on the proposed alignment • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility structures, religious/cultural and community structures/buildings were found alongside the proposed road alignment • The topography of the road is flat is almost all locations Tendukhe L118 to Oriya 6 Damoh • No part of the project road passes through any da Mal (2.00) forest area • Inhabited area starts at Ch-1600m to Ch-2000m

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Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) starting village Oriya Mal • Agriculture land is at Ch00m to Ch-700m along the proposed alignment. • No grazing gorund or barren land is there along the proposed alignment. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • There was not found any pond along the proposed alignment. • There was found water crossing points at Ch- 100m to Ch-200m, Ch-400m to Ch-500m, Ch- 1000m to Ch-1100m have Existing CD. • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area is there along the project road • There are 09 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more, along the project road • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some community, utility, religious and cultural structures are found alongside the road alignment • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landlsides or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will have to be constructed to avoid any erosion • No pond was found along the proposed alignment • Some water crossing structures a at CH 00m- 100m, CH 200m-300m and CH 1200m-1300m. CD’s have been proposed at CH 500m-600m. CH 800m-900m has existing CD’s Bhopal Beraisya • There are some points of water stagnation and 7 Bhopal Berasiya Road to Pardi other drainage issues on or near the road (1.45) • No flood prone area is found along the project road • There are 27 trees of dbh 30 cm or more that are found along the road • No rare, endangered or threatened species or faunal habitats were found within 100m of the road shoulder • Utility structures and some religious cultural or community structures/buildings are found on the road. Sihora Silondi • The topography of the project road is flat at Road to almost all locations. 8 Jabalpur Sehora Chhanagawa • No part of the project road passes through any (2.70) forest area. 33

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) • No endangered species are found along the project road • Inhabited area starts at Ch-2200m to Ch-2700m with connecting village Chhanagawa. • Agriculture land lies between Ch-00m to Ch- 2100. • Grazing ground was not found along the proposed alignment. • No Barren land is there along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • There was found pond at Ch-2300m to Ch- 2400m at the proposed alignment. • Small nullahs, streams and chhanels are there at Ch-00m to 100m, Ch-200-300m, Ch-300m to Ch-400m, Ch-600m to CH-700m, Ch-900m to Ch-1000m, CH-1900m to Ch-2000m, Ch-2000m to Ch-2100m and Ch-2400m to Ch-2500m has been proposed CDs. • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area is there along the road • There are 34 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more, along the road • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Utility structures are found. • Some of the religious cultural or community structures/buildings are found. • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • Inhabited area starts at Ch-00mto Ch-100m connecting village Dosaigaon and at Ch-800m to Ch-1200m with connecting village Borana. • Agriculture land lies between Ch-100m to Ch- 900m. Dosaigoan to 9 Ratlam Ratlam • Grazing ground was not found along the Borana (1.2) proposed alignment. • No Barren land along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • There was not found any pond along the proposed alignment. • There was some water crossing structures like

34

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) streams, nullahs and rivulets found at Ch-200m to Ch-300m, Ch- 500m to Ch-600m, CH-700m to Ch-800m has proposed CD. • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area is there on the road • There are 48 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more, that are there on the road. • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and religious cultural or community structures/buildings were found on the road • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • Inhabited area starts at Ch-2000m to 2800m with connecting village Nandlai • Agriculture land lies between Ch-00m to Ch- 2000m at both side of the alignment. • Grazing ground was not found along the proposed alignment. • No barren land is there along the project road • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • There was found at Ch-600m to Ch-700m, Ch- 900m to Ch-1000m, Ch-1600m to Ch-1700m, Ch-2400m to CH-2500m, Ch-2700m to Ch- R. S. Road to 2800m pond the proposed alignment. 10 Ratlam Ratlam Nandlai (2.80) • There was found some water crossing point at Ch-100m to Ch-200m, Ch-300m to Ch-400m, Ch-600m to Ch-700m, Ch-900m to Ch-1000m, Ch-1100m to Ch-1200m, Ch-1500m to Ch- 1600m, Ch-1600m to Ch-1700m & Ch-1900m to Ch-2000m proposed CD. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road. • No flood prone area is found alongside the project road • There are 22 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are there along the project road • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some of the utility structures, community structures and religious structures are found along the road. 35

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through and forest area • Inhabited area starts at Ch-700m to Ch-1000m with connecting village Larni. • Agriculture land was not found along the proposed alignment • No Barren land was found along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. Sitamou Basai • No pond was found along the proposed 11 Mandsaur Sitamou to Larni (1.00) alignment. • Some water crossing points at Ch-300m to Ch- 400m. CD has been proposed at this point. • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area is there along the project road • There are 10 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are found alongside the project road • No rare or endangered and threatened species or faunal habitat were found within 100m of the road shoulder • Some utility structures and religious cultural or community structures/buildings were found alongside the road alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • Unclassified forest area is there at Ch-600m to Ch-5000m along the proposed alignment. • Inhabited area starts at Ch-00m to Ch-600m and Ch5200m to Ch-5600m with connecting village Gaji Khedi To Ramgarh. • No agriculture land was found along the project road, neither were grazing ground or barren land found Gaji Khedi Road • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain 12 Sehore Ichhawar to Ramgarh prone to landslide or erosion. However, (5.60) sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • A river is there at Ch-5000m to Ch-5200m along the proposed alignment. • There was found some water crossing points at Ch-200m to Ch-400m, Ch-600m to CH-800m, CH-1000m to 1200m, Ch-1200m to Ch-1400,m, Ch-1400m to Ch-1600m, Ch-2200mto Ch- 2400m, CH-2600m to Ch-2800m, Ch-3000m to CH-3200m, Ch-3600m to Ch-3800m, Ch-4200m to CH-4400m has been CD proposed. At CH-

36

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) 5000m to CH-5200m has proposed bridge. • There were some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area is there along the project road • There are 45 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are found along the project road • No faunal habitat is there at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some religious cultural or community structures/buildings are there along the project road • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • Inhabited area namely and Alampura are respectively located at Ch 00mto CH 100m, and CH 1100m to CH 1600m. • Agriculture land lise between CH100-600m, CH800-900m LHS and CH 600-1000m RHS • Grazing ground is there at CH 600-800m LHS alongside the proposed alignment. • No barren land is there on the proposed alignment • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • There is a small pond at CH 900-1000m along T11-Heerapur the road shoulder of the proposed alignment. 13 Sehore Sehore Road to • Nullahs, stream and small rivulets are thereat Alampura (1.60) CH 400-500m, CH 900-1000m and CH 1200- 1300m. CD’s have been proposed for the above-mentioned chainages • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • No flood prone area is there along the project road. • There are 5 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are found in the proposed alignment. • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility structures, religious cultural or community structures/buildings were found on the proposed alignment

• The topography of the project road is flat at NH-7 to Dhadra 14 Jabalpur Jabalpur almost all locations. (2.85) • There was found hilly area between Ch-2400m 37

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) to Ch-2500m on the proposed alignment • No forest area is there along the proposed alignment • The project road is passing through village namely new habitation, Dhadra between Ch- 1400m to Ch-1500m, Ch-2700m to Ch-2800m respectively. • Agriculture land lies on both side of agriculture between Ch-00m to CH-1200m RHS and Ch- 1700m to Ch-2200m both side. • The project road is not passing through grazing land. • The project road is not passing through the barren land. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • No pond is there on the proposed alignment. • Some water crossing points has been observed between Ch-1700m to Ch-1800m, Ch-2400m to Ch-2500m, Ch-2600m to Ch-2700m has been CD proposed on above mentioned locations and Ch-2200m to Ch-2300m has been existing CD. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • A total of 04 trees are falling within 10m of the center line of proposed alignment. • No rare, endangered or threatened species have been found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility, community and religious structures are there on the proposed alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • Inhabited area starts at Ch-800m to Ch-1000m with connecting village Gothada. • Agriculture land was found at Ch-00m to Ch- 800m both side of the alignment

Neemuch • Grazing ground was not found along the 15 Neemuch Jawad Singoli Road to proposed alignment. Gothada (1.00) • No Barren land is there along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • No pond is there along the proposeds alignment • Some water crossing points are there at Ch-00m to Ch-100m, Ch-400m to Ch-500m, & Ch-700m to Ch-800. CD’s are proposed at these points. • There are at some points of water stagnation

38

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) and other drainage issues on or near the road. • No fold prone area is there along the project road • There are 13 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more, on the project road. • No faunal habitat, breeding ground etc. is found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and religious/community/cultural structures were found alongside the proposed road • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No forest area was found alongside the proposed alignment • The project road passes through Siloda Bujurg (new habitation) spread in phases at CH400- 600m and then at Ch 1800m (end-point). • The project road passes through agriculture land on both sides at CH-00m to 400m and at CH- 700 to 1300m. • Grazing ground is there at CH-1400to Ch- 1600m. • There is no barren land along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • No pond is there along the project road Indore Ujjain 16 Indore Sanwer Road to Siloda • Some nallahs, stream, rivulets and other water Bujurg (13.70) crossing are there at CH00-100m, Ch 1200- 1300m and CH 1400-1500m. CD’s are proposed on these points However, CH1500-1600m has existing CD and CH 100-200m, CH 300-400m and CH 900-1000m have field crosses. • There are few points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • The area along the project road is not flood prone. • There was found 04 trees with a dbh of 30 cm are passing through the proposed alignment. • No faunal habitat, breeding ground etc. is found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species are found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures were found alongside the proposed alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at all locations. Mandsuar • The proposed alignment does not pass through 17 Mandsaur Mandsaur Bypass Road to any forest area Aghoriya (2.95) • Inhabited area starts at Ch-2200m to Ch-2950m with connecting village Aghoriya. 39

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) • Agriculture land was found at Ch-100m to Ch- 2200m both side of the alignment • Grazing ground was not found along the proposed alignment. • No Barren land is there along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • No pond is there along the proposed alignment • There was found some water crossing points at Ch-200m to Ch-300m, Ch-800m to Ch-900m, Ch-1900m to Ch-2000m, Ch-2700m to Ch- 2800m has proposed CD and Ch-1500m to Ch- 1600m and Ch-2100m to Ch-2200m pipe proposed. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road. • No flood prone area is there along the project road. • There are 46 trees with a dbh of 30 cm that are there along the proposed alignment • There is no grazing ground along the project road. • There is no barren land along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • No faunal habitat, breeding ground etc. is found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species are found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures were found alongside the proposed alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • Inhabited area starts at Ch-900m to Ch-1100m, Ch-2000m to Ch-2200m with connecting village Pipariya tola and at ch-2600m connecting village Pipariya. • Agriculture land lies between Ch-00m to Ch- T05 to Pipariya 18 Jabalpur Jabalpur 200m, Ch-700m to Ch-900m, Ch-1400m to Ch- (2.60) 2000m and Ch-2300m to Ch-2600m. • Grazing ground was found at Ch-200m to Ch- 700m along the proposed alignment. • No barren land is there on the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • No pond is there alongside the project road. • There was found at Ch-00m to 100m, Ch-100- 200m, Ch-600m to Ch-700m, Ch-800m-Ch-

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Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) 900m, Ch-1700m- Ch-1800m, Ch-1800m-Ch- 1900m, Ch-2500m-2600m and where as Ch- 1300m to Ch-1400m have existing causeway. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road. • The proposed alignment is not flood prone in nature • There are 24 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are there alongside the proposed alignment. • No faunal habitat, breeding ground etc. is found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures were found along the proposed alignment. • The topography of the project road is flat at all locations. • Unclassified forest area is there at Ch-00m to Ch-1800m • Inhabited area starts at Ch-2100m to Ch-2500m with connecting village Panoli. • Agriculture land was not found along the proposed alignment. • Grazing grounds was not found along the proposed alignment. • There is no barren land along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • There was found at Ch-1300m to Ch-1400m RHS & Ch-1400m to Ch-1500m, Ch-1900m to Neemuch Ch-2000m LHS pond which is far away 12-15m 19 Neemuch Jawad Singoli Road to from the proposed alignment. Panoli (2.50) • There was found some water crossing points at Ch-00m to Ch-100m, Ch-300m to Ch-400m, Ch- 900m to Ch-1000m & Ch-1300m to Ch-1400m has CD proposed • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • There are 04 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are found alongside the alignment • There is no lake/swamp along the project road. • The area along the project road is not flood prone. • No faunal habitat, breeding ground etc. is found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures were found along the proposed alignment 20 Indore Mhow A. B. Road to • The topography of the project road is flat at 41

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) Shahda (2.10) almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • The project road is passing through village namely Shahda Ch-1800m to Ch-2100m • Agriculture land lies on both side of agriculture between Ch-1300m to Ch-1700m both side of the proposed alignment. • No grazing ground is there along the project road. • Barren land is there along the Ch-500m to Ch- 1200m on both sides of the proposed project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • No pond is there along the proposed alignment • A few water crossing has been observed between at ch-1200m to Ch-1300m CD has been proposed on above mentioned locations • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • A total of 40 trees is falling within 10m of the center line of proposed alignment. • No rare, endangered or threatened species have been found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility structures, religious, cultural or community structures/buildings are found on the proposed road alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • The project road is passing through village name Atariya between Ch-5400m to Ch-6000m • Agriculture land lies on both side of agriculture between Ch-400m to Ch-4200m. • The project road is passing through no grazing land. Baldevgarh Kakarwaha • The project road is not passing through barren 21 Tikamgarh Tikamgarh Road to Atariya land. (6.10) • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • Some water crossing points are there at Ch- 400m to Ch-600m, Ch-600 to Ch-800m, Ch- 1600 to Ch-1800m has been proposed CDs on above mentioned locations and Ch- 2400m to 2600m, Ch-3200m to Ch-3400m, Ch-3800m to Ch-4000m, Ch-4400m to Ch-4600m has been existing CDs. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road

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Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) • A total of 05 trees is falling within 10m of the center line of proposed alignment. • No rare, endangered or threatened species have been found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some community structures were found along the proposed alignment. However, there were no utility structures found. • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • The project road is passing through village namely Bagrun, Kheda and Mithawali between Ch-600m to Ch-800m, Ch-1400m to Ch-1600m, Ch-6800m to Ch-7000m respectively. • Agriculture land lies on both sides between Ch- 2400m to Ch-5800m. • The project road is not passing through grazing land. • The project road is not passing through the barren land. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • No rare or endangered species are there on the proposed alignment. Patha Patori • A pond has been found between Ch-1800m to Baldevgar 22 Tikamgarh Road to Ch-2000m and Ch- 6200m to Ch-6400m LHS h Midawali (7.00) along the proposed alignment • Some water crossings are there between Ch- 00m to Ch-200m, Ch-2200mto Ch-2400m, Ch- 3200m to Ch-3400m, Ch-4600mto Ch-4800m, Ch-6200m to Ch-6400m CD have been proposed on above mentioned locations and between Ch-1800m to Ch-2000m, Ch-5400m to Ch-5600m has existing CDs and Ch-2800m to Ch-3000m, Ch-3400m to Ch-3600m, Ch-5000m to Ch-5200m field cross proposed. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on between Ch-1800m to Ch-2000m RHS. • A total of 79 trees are falling within 10m of COI of proposed alignment. • No rare, endangered or threatened species have been found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility structures, religious and community structures are found along the project road • The topography of the project road is flat is all Choraldam locations 23 Indore Mhow Road to Buralia • There was found forest area between Ch-00m to (5.60) Ch-3800m both side on the proposed alignment. • No rare, endangered or threatened species 43

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) have been found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • The project road is passing through village namely Nachanvore and Buralia between Ch- 4600m to Ch-4800m, and Ch-5400 to Ch-5600m respectively. • Agriculture land lies between Ch-4000m to CH- 5200m and RHS proposed alignment. • The project road is not passing through any grazing land. • The project road is not passing through any barren land. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • A pond is located on the of project road between Ch-4800m to 5400m which is far away 15m from the proposed alignment • Some water crossings have been observed between Ch-00m to Ch-200m, Ch-200m to Ch- 400m, Ch-600m to Ch-800m, Ch-800m to Ch- 1000m, Ch-1200m to Ch-1400m, Ch-1400m to Ch-1600m, Ch-1600m to Ch-1800m, CH-2000m to Ch-2200m, Ch-2200m to Ch-2400m Ch- 2600m to ch-2800m, Ch-2800m to Ch-3000m, Ch-3200m to Ch-3400m, Ch-3600m to Ch- 3800m, Ch-3800m to Ch-4000m, Ch-4200m to Ch-4400m, Ch-4600m to Ch-4800m, Ch-5000m to Ch-5200m CDs have been proposed on above mentioned locations. • There are some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road. • A total of 19 trees are falling within 10m of the center line of proposed alignment. • Some utility and community structures were found along the proposed alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • The proposed alignment does not pass through any forest area • Inhabited area starts at Ch-2400m to Ch-3100m with connecting village Pinda • Agriculture land was found at Ch-00m to Ch- 3000m both side along the proposed alignment Dalauda Digon • Grazing ground was not found along the 24 Mandsaur Mandsaur Road to Pinda proposed alignment. (3.10) • No Barren land is there along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • No pond is there along the proposed alignment.

• There was found some water crossing points at

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Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) Ch-800m to Ch-900m has EX CD. • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road. • There are not found any flood prone area along the project road. • There are 08 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are there along the proposed alignment. • No faunal habitat, breeding ground etc. is found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species are found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures as well as religious structures were found along the proposed alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No forest area was found along the proposed alignment • Inhabited area starts at Ch-00m To Ch-100m With Connecting Arjunkhedi and at Ch-2200m To Ch-3040m Khejraghat. • Agriculture land lies between Ch-100m to Ch- 2100m. • Grazing ground was not found along the proposed alignment. • No Barren land is there along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • No pond is there along the proposed alignment. T-11( • There was found 13 water crossing structures at Arjunkhedi) to Ch-00m to Ch-100m, Ch-100m to Ch-200m, Ch- 25 Bhopal Berasiya Khejra Ghat 200m to Ch-300m, Ch-300m to Ch-400m, Ch- (3.04) 400m to Ch-500m, Ch-500m to Ch-600m, Ch- 600m to Ch-700m, Ch-800m to Ch-900m, Ch- 900m to Ch-1000m, Ch-1300m to Ch-1400m, Ch-1500m to Ch-1600m, Ch-2000m to Ch- 2100m, and Ch-2400m to Ch-2500m has proposed CD • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • There are not found any flood prone area along the project road. • There are 13 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are there along the proposed alignment. • There is no barren land along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. • No faunal habitat, breeding ground etc. is found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species 45

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures as well as religious structures were found along the proposed alignment • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No part of the project road passes through any forest area. • Inhabited area starts at CH-1800m to Ch- 1950m. It has the has connecting village Thunakhurd. • Agriculture land lies between Ch-100m to Ch- 1700m. • Grazing ground is not there along the proposed alignment. • No barren land is there along the proposed alignment • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be T08 (Jharkheda constructed to avoid any erosion. Ghati-Sehore • There is a small pond at CH-00m to Ch-100m 26 Sehore Sehore MDR) to along the road shoulder at the proposed Toonakhurd alignment. (1.95) • Some nullahs, streams and rivulets are there at Ch-00m to 100m, Ch-400-500m, CH-1300m to Ch-1400m, CH-1600m to Ch-1700m and Ch- 1800m toCh-1900m has proposed CD. • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • There are not found any flood prone area along the project road. • There are 40 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are there along the proposed alignment • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures as well as religious structures were found along the proposed alignment. • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • Forest is located at Ch-2100m to Ch-2400m • Inhabited area starts at Ch-00m to Ch-400m, Ch-5200m to Ch-5400m with connecting village Dhatrawada to Dhatrawada and Kankarwa. 27 Ratlam Ratlam Kankarwa (5.40) • Agriculture land lies between Ch-800m to Ch- 1900m Ch-3000m to CH-4100m at both side of the alignment. • Grazing ground was found Ch-400m to Ch- 800m, Ch-1900m to Ch-3000m and Ch-4100m to Ch-5200m along the proposed alignment.

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Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) • Barren land was not found along the project road. • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain prone to landslide or erosion. However, sufficient cross-drainage structures will be constructed to avoid any erosion. • Some lakes and swamps was found Ch-3100m to Ch-4100m pond along the proposed alignment. • There was found few water crossing points at Ch-200m to Ch-300m, Ch-500m to Ch-600m, Ch-1500m to Ch-1600m, Ch-1700m to Ch- 1900m, Ch-2200m to Ch-2300m, Ch-2900m to Ch-3000m, Ch-4300m to Ch-4400m, Ch-4500m to Ch-4600m & Ch-4700m to Ch-4800m proposed CD & Ch-3100m to Ch-3300m, Ch- 3500m to Ch-3600m & Ch-4000m to Ch-4100m has EX CD. • There are at some points of water stagnation and other drainage issues on or near the road • There are not found any flood prone area along the project road. • There are 133 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that were found along the proposed alignment • There was not found any faunal habitat at 100 m of the road shoulder. • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures as well as religious structures were found along the proposed alignment. • The topography of the project road is flat at almost all locations. • No immediate forest area is there near to the proposed alignment. • Inhabited area starts at Ch-00m to CH-300m and Ch-3200m to CH-3350m with connecting village Rampura and Goria Sankheda. • Agriculture land lies between Ch-400m to CH- 2400m Rampura • No part of the project road lies in hilly terrain Balachoun Road prone to landslide or erosion. However, 28 Bhopal Berasiya to Goria sufficient cross-drainage structures will be Sankheda (3.35) constructed to avoid any erosion. • There was found small pond at Ch-2600m to Ch-2800m • There was found some water crossing structures at Ch-00m t o Ch-200m, Ch-400m to CH-600m, CH-800m to Ch-1000m, CH-1200m to CH- 1400m, Ch-1800m to CH-2000, CH-2200m to Ch-2400m and Ch-2400m to Ch-2600m has proposed CD. • There are some points of water stagnation and 47

Sl Name of Road Name Block Salient Environmental Features No District (Length, in Km) other drainage issues on or near the road • There are not found any flood prone area along the project road. • There are 25 trees of dbh of 30 cm or more that are there along the proposed alignment • No rare, endangered or threatened species were found within 100 m of the road shoulder. • Some utility and community structures as well as religious structures were found along the proposed alignment.

CD proposed at CH-3400m Road Name: Pond at RHS, CH-4000-4100M Road Name: Choraldam to Buraliya Dhatrawada to Kankarwa Block Name: Mhow District Name: Indore Block Name: Ratlam District Name: Ratlam

CD proposed at CH 1900-2000M Road Name: Pond at CH 1600-1700M, LHS Road Name: Mandsaur Bypass Road to Aghoriya R. S. Road to Nandlai Block Name: Ratlam Block Name: Mandsaur District Name: Ratlam District Name: Mandsaur

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CD proposed at CH 2200M Road Name: Road environment at CH 100M Road Name: Rampura Balachhoun to Goria Sankheda Sihora Silondi Road to Chhanagawa Block Name: Berasiya Block Name: Sehora District Name: Bhopal District Name: Jabalpur

Road condition at CH 400-500m, HP at LHS. CD proposed at CH 00M, Starting Point Road Name: Sitamou Basai to Larni Road Name: Tikamgarh Jatara Road to Block Name: Sitamou Laxmanpura District Name: Mandsaur Block Name: Tikamgarh District Name: Tikamgarh

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IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

82. Road improvements work brings substantial economic and social benefits to rural communities and national economies. However, it may also cause adverse environmental impacts though of smaller magnitude, since rural road subprojects are planned to follow the existing alignments and will be of 7.5 m width only. The impacts are largely expected to be during construction phase, which can be mitigated through engineering measures and adoption of best construction practices. This section outlines the identified impacts during design, construction and operation phases along with proposed mitigation measures to eliminate or minimize the adverse impacts.

83. The associated environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature, and extent of the proposed activities. Impacts are analyzed on both generic and specific nature and are being classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major.

84. Since the issues associated with most of the roads are similar, the impacts and mitigation measures given below are applicable to most of the subprojects. Issues specific to any sample roads have been separately indicated.

A. Common Impacts during Design and Construction Phase

1. Climate change

85. Impact: The proposed roads are analyzed considering climate change vulnerability screening checklist defined under EARF to RCIP. The resource (like barrow earth, aggregate, cement, concrete) requirements for these rural roads as such are minimal. None of these resources is likely to be affected by climate changes such as changes in temperature and precipitation. None of the project roads is located in natural hazard area or passes through protected areas or flood-prone areas. Only three sample roads, Sawalkhedi to Semera Madho in , Ratlam Gujri road to Jalod in Dhar district and SH 49 – Itwaheeralal in are prone to flood from Keth River, Chamla River and Nala, respectively. The habitation is low along these rural roads and as such, no exponential population growth is expected considering the generic trend of population migration from rural to urban areas. Most of the subproject roads pass through agricultural fields and along the existing alignments with low embankment height of 1m (average) from ground to crust except at the approaches of cross- drainage structures. As such, the subproject roads are unlikely to be vulnerable or increase the vulnerability of surrounding areas (with respect to population growth, settlement patterns, increasing runoff or landslides).

86. Mitigation Measures: Compensatory tree plantations6 (1:3) will be made to compensate the loss of trees cut for construction of subproject roads. Efforts shall be made to plant additional trees for increasing the carbon sink. The tree may be planted with help of village Panchayat.7 All non-sample rural roads to be included in RCIP will also be screened for climate change vulnerability and necessary mitigation measures shall be adopted for minimisation of identified vulnerability if any.

6 SRRDA mostly undertake this activity through state forest department. The forest department plants tree either along the proposed roads if land is available otherwise on nearby degraded forest land. 7 Village Panchayats are planting trees at along rural roads with funding under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act scheme. The PIUs may facilitate with them for planting trees along the road. Some of the PIUs in different states are already helping Village Panchayats for the same.

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2. Finalization of Alignment

87. Impact: The proposed rural road will be constructed to provide 7.5 m roadway in accordance with PMGSY guidelines and technical specifications (IRC-SP 20: 2002) in plain terrains. Sample rural road construction works are proposed aligned to existing road (earthen track with some stretches of brickbat soling). The existing road passes through plain terrain and primarily agriculture areas. None of sample roads passes through any protected monument or protected areas. Impacts due to road alignment and design is expected to be minor and limited to shifting of some common utilities, community structures (temple, school) and trees located along the road alignment.

88. Mitigation Measures: The road alignment is finalized considering availability of right of way. The ROW is reduced in built up area or constricted areas to minimize land acquisition. The road alignment has also been modified to avoid tree cutting, shifting of utilities or community structure to the extent feasible. Some of the measures taken include widening of the road on one end to maintain the tree on the road edge to avoid its cutting, using retaining wall to minimize the road width to 5 m wherever required. The road is aligned to follow natural topography to avoid excessive cut and fill. All future roads to be included in RCIP will follow above measures. In addition these subprojects will comply with the following criteria for alignment finalization:

i. The road will be part of district core network and will comply with PMGSY guidelines ii. Subproject shall not disturb any cultural heritage designated by the government or by the international agencies, such as UNESCO, and shall avoid any monuments of cultural or historical importance. iii. Subproject will not pass through any designated wild life sanctuaries, national park, notified Eco sensitive areas or area of international significance such as protective wet land designated under Wetland Convention, and reserve forest area.. iv. Subproject to comply with local and National legislative requirements such as forest clearance for diversion of forest land and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

3. Land Acquisition

89. Impact: Minor impact since no land acquisition is involved due to various measures considered for finalization of road alignment. Villagers have volunteered to donate their land if at certain stages land is required for geometrical correction or alignment adjustment for avoiding tree cutting or shifting of community structure. There could be some impact on the encroachers. However, most of them have also volunteered to shift from the proposed alignment.

90. Mitigation Measures: All efforts shall be made to minimize the land acquisition while finalising the alignment. In an unavoidable situation, first adopt suitable engineering measures to reduce the ROW requirement or donation of land from land owners. In the encroached areas, efforts shall be made to restricted road construction to the available space.

4. Protected Areas (National parks, wild life sanctuaries, Eco sensitive zones, protected /historical monuments) and forest areas.

91. Impact: Madhya Pradesh has many wild life protected areas. Some of these are present in those districts where subprojects are located (Figure 3.6 and Table III-A and Table III-G). However, none of sample roads passes through any of these protected areas. 51

92. None of the sample road passes through any forest land except two roads (Kalkuwa To Bachhama, and Hatta Sehora Rd. SH-51 to Belkhedi Patera) where small patch of forest land is acquired.8 As such, project has no impact on forest cover of the district/state/country. Madhya Pradesh is also known to have several archaeological monuments and historical monuments spread all over the state. However, none of them is located within 5 km of subproject roads.

93. Mitigation Measures: Since there are no impact protected/ecologically sensitive areas, no such measures are proposed. In case of any additional diversion of forest land is involved, prior forest clearance shall be obtained under Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 (amended 1988).

5. Land Clearing Operations

94. Impact: The site clearing operations may have impact on utilities, community properties a land use and vegetation profile of the area if adequate considerations not given to road alignment, utility and community structure shifting plan, tree felling, and demolition waste disposal.

95. Mitigation Measures: The following steps shall be taken to minimize the associated impact with land clearing operations.

i. The land clearing operation should be undertaken as per the defined road alignment and community structure, utility and road furniture shifting plan. ii. The road land width shall be clearly demarcated on the ground. iii. The utility and community structure shifting shall be as per plan and with consultations and concurrence of the community. iv. Tree felling shall be limited to those, which could not be saved even by design measures. The tree shall be cut with a permission of Forest department. The vegetable cover shall be removed and disposed in consultation with community. v. All public utilities shall be shifted with a concurrence of respective agencies/authority and to the adjacent location approved by them. vi. The top soils shall be collected and preserved for reuse as a base for turfing of embankment slopes or development of barren areas along roadside. The top soil shall be preserved at identified location with the provision of watering /grass development on the heap surface to prevent air pollution.

6. Cut and Fill and Embankment construction

96. Impact: Inadequate alignment planning may increase the cut and fill requirement as well as need for more borrow earth for embankment formation leading to some impact on land use. Inadequate provision for drainage and embankment slop protection may lead to soil erosion, water logging. People have also raised concern of water stagnation along the road in certain section9 and undulating road sections. Inadequate balancing of cut and fill and poor drainage design may lead to excessive road earth/hillock cutting and poor drainage.

97. Mitigation Measures: The alignment design shall consider options to minimize excessive cuts and fills. The cut and fill quantities shall be used for embankment to minimize

8 Requisite permission has already been obtained from forest department for the diversion of the same vide its letter no 963 dated 25-03-2011 and No 19 dated 01-01-2010. 9 Some of road were water stagnation problem is reported includes Road Hatta-Gaisabad to Devera, Hatta Sehera Road SH-51 to Belkhedi Patre, Itwaheeralal to Shikarpura in Damoh district.

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barrow earth requirement. The design shall be as per relevant IRC provisions for cut and fill, slope protection and drainage. Adequate provision shall be made for cross-drainage structure for maintaining natural drainage pattern in the subproject area and preventing soil erosion. Adequate drainage shall be provided to prevent water logging. The top soil of the cut and fill area shall be used for embankment slope protection.

98. Due consideration is given to above aspect for alignment finalization of sample road. With the adoption of appropriate mitigation measures, the impact due to above activity on land use and other environmental component is expected to be minimal.

7. Establishment of Construction Camp, Temporary office and Storage Area

99. Impact: The congregation of labor population and technical staff in the subproject area during the construction phase is likely to put considerable stress on the limited resources of village areas. Some of the associated impacts are related to health, safety of the laborers at the construction campsites, availability of safe drinking water, and sanitation.

100. The establishment of construction camp temporary office and storage area will reduce land productivity if these are established on agricultural land. Loading and unloading of construction material, transportation of material, handling of fuel and waste disposal from these areas may have direct and indirect impact on soil, water and air quality.

101. Mitigation Measures: The following steps are taken to minimize/reduce these impacts: • Construction campsites shall be located away from any local human settlements (minimum 500m away) and preferably located on lands, which are not productive barren/waste lands presently. Similarly temporary office and storage areas shall be located away from human settlement areas (minimum 500 m). • The construction camps, office and storage areas shall have adequate water supply, sanitation and all requisite infrastructure facilities. This would minimize dependence of construction personnel on outside resources, presently being used by local populace and minimize undesirable social friction thereof. • The construction camps shall be located at a minimum 500 m from forest land/areas to deter the construction labor in trespassing. Similarly, temporary office and storage areas shall be located at a minimum 500 m from forest land/areas. • The construction camps, office and storage areas shall have septic tank/soak pit of adequate capacity so that it can function properly for the entire duration of its use. • All construction camps shall have rationing facilities particularly for kerosene/LPG so that dependence on firewood for cooking is avoided completely to the extent possible. • The construction camps, office and storage areas shall have health care facilities for adults, pregnant women and children. • All construction personnel shall be subjected to routine vaccinations and other preventive/healthcare measures. • Contractor shall arrange all personal protective equipment (PPEs) like helmet, boots, earplugs for workers, first-aid and fire fighting equipment at construction sites. An emergency plan shall be prepared to fight with any emergency like fire. • Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. Domestic solid waste shall be disposed of in a control manner. The recyclable waste shall be sold off and non-saleable and biodegradable waste shall be disposed through secured land filling. 53

• All fuel oil/lubricant unloading and storage shall be made on the paved areas away from storm water drainage. • After completion of construction work, the camp /temporary office/storage areas sites shall be restored to its original condition.

8. Traffic Movement

102. Impact: Construction work along the existing road could cause disturbances to traffic movements. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated.

103. Mitigation Measures: The contractor will prepare appropriate traffic diversion scheme, which shall be implemented in different stretches of the road as per the progress of the construction work. This plan shall be approved by PIU and implemented before start of any construction work to avoid any inconvenience to the present road users. The diversion plan should ensure smooth flow of traffic, minimize accidents to road users during construction works. Adequate signboards shall be placed much ahead of diversion site to caution the road users. The road signs should be bold, visible, and retro-reflective in nature for the night visibility

9. Associated Impacts due to Construction Activities

a. Loss of productive soil, erosion and land-use

104. Impact: No land use will change due to the project since required ROW is available throughout the alignment. Land use though will change temporarily of construction camp, temporary office storage areas for the period of construction. This will also result in loss of soil productivity. Soil erosion may take place along steep and un-compacted embankment slope, and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative effect viz. siltation, embankment damage, drainage clogging etc. The siltation, due to soil erosion may occur only in the ponds located close to the roads. There are two roads in Damoh district and two roads in Dhar district where ponds are located close to the existing road. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stockpiles may also lead to siltation. Land use may also change due to borrowing the earth.

105. Mitigation Measures: It shall be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road, construction camp and temporary office of the storage facilities is restored back to its original land use before handing it over back to land owner. The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas, etc.) shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. The topography of all the sample roads throughout the stretch is plain except in case of two roads where it is undulating for some stretches and two roads where it is hilly terrain. Therefore, cut and fill shall be planned as per IRC provisions and rural road manual. All steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area. IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion.

b. Borrow Areas and Quarries

106. Impact: Borrow areas if left un-rehabilitated may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground

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for mosquitoes and vector born disease. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution.

107. Mitigation Measures: The project area is generally having a flat terrain. It is recommended that borrowing from agricultural land shall be minimized to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed from already low-lying areas. The borrow earth shall be obtained from identified locations and with prior permission for landowner and clear understanding for its rehabilitation. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed. The borrow area shall be located/ rehabilitated as per the guidelines given at Appendix 4.1. Fly ash will also be used in road embankment as per IRC guidelines wherever thermal power plant is located within 100 km of the road alignment. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. The strong aggregate shall be sourced from existing licensed quarries.

c. Hydrology and Drainage

108. Impact: The activities involved with proposed road development may alter the hydrology and drainage of the area if adequate provision is not made for cross-drainage structure, control disposal of waste, adequate provision of drainage in habitat areas.

109. None of the sample roads is crossing any natural stream. Certain project roads are crossing local and seasonal drain. Village ponds are also located close to few roads. Due to poorer drainage water stagnation found during primary survey of the existing roads. Inadequate design and poor handling of construction material may aggravate the water logging situation.

110. Mitigation Measures: Adequate engineering measures like embankment height above high flood line, retaining wall, cros drainage structures are proposed for protection of sample roads from flood. Adequate provisions are also made for bank stabilisation (like toe wall, slop stabilisation), and prevention of silt runoff during construction and operational stages.

111. The provision of adequate cross-drainage structure shall be made to ensure smooth passage of water and maintaining natural drainage pattern of the area. Side drainage connecting to nearby natural drains like nala shall be made in water stagnant area. The discharge capacity of the CD structure shall be designed accordingly. The construction work shall be planned in dry season so that water quality of the water channel is not affected due to siltation. Elaborate drainage system shall be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area. Provision of additional cross-drainage structure shall be made in the areas where nearby land is sloping towards road alignment in both the both sides.

112. Provision of concrete road construction in habitat area with drainage of both side of the road shall be made as per the design provision and with adequate slope to prevent any water logging.

d. Compaction and Contamination of Soil

113. Impact: Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries, equipments and construction camps/storage facilities. It may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to 55 be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery.

114. Mitigation Measures: To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp/temporary office/storage areas. Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non-biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. All efforts shall be made to minimize the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners.

e. Construction Debris and Wastes

115. Impact: Uncontrolled disposal of debris and waste may create unhygienic and unsafe condition around the disposal areas.

116. Mitigation Measures: All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross-drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre-designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected with the consent of villagers and Panchayat. The dumping site should be of adequate capacity. It should be located at least 1000 m away from the residential areas. Dumping sites should be away from water bodies to prevent any contamination of these bodies.

f. Air Quality

117. Impact: The potential sources of air emission during the construction phase of the project are: • Dust from earth works (during site preparation). • Emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines. • Fugitive emissions from vehicles plying on the road, during the transport of construction materials. • Emissions other than dust particularly from the hot mix plants and laying of bitumen. Hot mix plant will generate carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. • Localised increased traffic congestion in construction areas. Most of the emissions will be in the form of coarse particulate matter, which will settle down in close vicinity of construction site. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas, especially, due to emission discharge from low height of the stack.

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118. Mitigation Measures: All these impacts will be temporary and hence, no significant impact is envisaged. The following measures will be taken to minimize these: • Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and aggregates shall be covered. • Dust suppression measures like water sprinkling, shall be applied in all dust prone locations such as unpaved haulage roads10, earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing plant areas. • Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 0.5 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. • Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. • Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height (30 m) or as may be prescribed by state pollution control board (SPCB) to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Consent to establish and operate shall be obtained from State Pollution Control Board and comply with all consent conditions. • Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height. Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. • The requisite PPE (helmet, mask, boot, hand gloves) shall be provided to the construction workers. • Permits: Contractor must obtain “Consent to Establish” before setting up Hot Mix plant, batching plants. The consent can be obtained by applying to State Pollution Control Board in prescribed format and with requisite fee. The consent to establish must be converted to ‘Consent to Operate” once condition of consent to establish is complied with.

g. Noise Quality

119. Impact: Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of various construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles and earthmoving equipment. Blasting for cutting of hill areas may intermittently increase the ambient noise level.

120. Mitigation Measures: The noise level will be intermittent and temporary and will attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. Further, vehicles and equipment should be fitted with silencers and maintained regularly. No blasting shall be made for cutting the hillock areas. The workers shall be provided with personal protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. Workers’ exposure to noise will be restricted to less than 8 hours a day. Workers duty shall be regulated accordingly.

h. Groundwater and Surface Water Quality and Availability

121. Impact: Water will be required for compaction of formation and domestic purposes in the workers camp. These requirements will be mainly sourced from groundwater. Also, the depth to water table in some part is depleting annually. Any uncontrolled abstraction can further deteriorate the situation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. The drinking water supply to the habitat is primarily through hand pumps and bore wells. No significant impact is anticipated on surface water bodies except probability of siltation during construction. Due to non-availability of required water from surface water bodies, water requirements for drinking and construction purpose shall be met from ground water sources.

10 Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% to 98%. 57

122. Mitigation Measures: Requisite permission shall be obtained for abstraction of groundwater from State Ground Water Board/Central Ground Water Authority11 if applicable. The contractor shall arrange for water required during construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected. Water-intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible. Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting. Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity. Measures are already purposed in earlier section for prevention of siltation in water bodies.

i. Biological Environment

123. Impact: Since the sample roads are not passing through any protected areas or forest area, there is no diversion of forest land. The major adverse impacts will be due to tree cutting, Siltation and contamination of as water bodies may affect the aquatic life. Since there are only ponds and non-perennial water bodies (Kath River and few canals), the aquatic life is minimal and no significant impact is anticipated on aquatic life.

124. Mitigation Measures: All efforts shall be taken to avoid tree cutting wherever possible. Requisite permission from forest department shall be obtained for cutting of roadside trees. Compensatory afforestation shall be made on 1:3 ratio basis. Additional trees shall be planted wherever feasible. All care will be taken to avoid siltation/contamination of water bodies. Movement of herbivores like cattle, goats, cows, etc., have been observed in the surrounding agriculture fields. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible.

j. Impact on Common Property Resources

125. Impact: There are public utilities like Electric transformer, electric poles, and hand pumps all along the rural roads. The road construction may require shifting of these utilities. There are many community structures like school, playground village office temples.

126. Mitigation Measures: All efforts are made to minimize shifting of common utilities and community structures. ROW has been reduced in constricted areas with appropriate engineering measures to minimize land acquisition and shifting of community structures. The community structures/utilities which cannot be saved will be shifted to adjacent area with the concurrence and in consultation with community.

F. Common Impacts during Post Construction and Operation Phase

1. Air Quality

127. Impact: Decrease in air quality due to increase in traffic, idling at congestions.

128. Mitigation Measures: The bad road conditions the main cause of poor air pollution at present. The improved road conditions will result in the improved ambient air quality. Also, the subproject road is largely traversing through vast open agriculture areas which will provide

11 As per Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), there are 43 notified blocks in India where prior permission is required fro extraction of ground water. Currently Dhar Block, Manawar Block Mandsaur Block, Sitamau Block, Neemuch Block, Jaora, and Indore block are notified in Madhya Pradesh. None of subproject area falls under notified block area.

58 adequate dispersion to gaseous pollutants generated from vehicles and will offset the increased pollutants.

2. Noise

129. Impact: During the operational phase, movement of traffic will be the prime source of noise. Traffic congestion and pedestrian interferences increase the use of horns. This may result in increased noise levels at habitat areas, nearby schools and religious places. 130. Mitigation Measures: Awareness signboard shall be provided for safe driving near the habitat areas. Speed limitation and honking restrictions may be enforced near sensitive locations.

3. Land, Soil, Tree Plantation

131. Impact: The better access can lead to conversion of agriculture land for residential and commercial purposes close to roads, which may result in loss of productive land and agricultural produce. Since the rural road are aimed at connecting the villages, and with the general trend of migration of rural population to urban areas, the phenomena of conversion of agriculture land to residential area is unlikely to change.

132. The land occupied for construction camp /temporary office/material storage area will remain unproductive if it is not restored after completion of construction activities.

133. It shall be essential to ensure the survivability of the compensatory tree planted.

134. Mitigation Measures It shall be ensured that all construction camp/temporary office/material storage areas are restored to its original conditions. The borrow area rehabilitation will also be ensured as per the agreed plan with the land owner. Contractor and PIC will ensure the same and obtained clearance from PIU before handling over the site to SRRDA.

135. The PIC will undertake survivability assessment and report to PIU the status of compensatory tree plantation at a stage of completion of construction with recommendation for improving the survivability of the tree if required.

4. Groundwater

136. No impact is anticipated on groundwater due to the project during operation phase, hence, no specific mitigation is proposed.

5. Hydrology and Drainage

137. Impact: Water accumulation incidence may occur due to inadequate availability of cross-drainage structure or clogging of cross-drainage structures.

138. Mitigation Measures: Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt shall be done from drainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions shall be regularly conducted.

6. Socioeconomic Impact

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139. Assessment of project impact on socioeconomic conditions point to the conclusions that positive benefits are many fold compared to its adverse impact.

140. Positive Impacts: The better road access is likely to contribute the overall economic condition of village community. With the quick access to urban market areas, the farmers are likely to get better prices for their farm produce. Children will also be able to access the school and education facilities in the nearby urban areas.

141. Safety Measures shall be adopted as per NRRDA guidelines. Some of them are highlighted below : • Speed breakers (rumble strips) as per IRC: 99-1988 shall be provided at sharp curves design and bends where the curve design speed is less than 40 km per hour in plain in rolling terrain. • Speed breakers shall also be provided at a threshold of habitation (as per NRRDA guidelines) at regular intervals (150-200 m) through habitation. • The speed breakers are provided and directional sight boards installed at sites where reverse horizontal curves are closely spaced and speed reduction is required. • Hazard markers to be installed at each end of all box culverts, river crossing causeways and similar CD structures • Shoulder side slopes shall not be steeper than 2h:1V unless stone pitching of the slopes is provided. • Cement concrete pavement and V-shaped drain is constructed to the full width of the available roadway within densely populated habitation. • Directional sight board are installed on all sharp curves and bends • At a main road, intersection or crossing “STOP” sign and ‘T-intersection’ warning sign shall be installed on the village road.

G. Road Specific Impacts

142. Many adverse impacts of road projects can be avoided or minimized by applying environmentally sound design, construction and operation and maintenance practises. The review of the environmental salient features specific to sample roads given in chapter III identify that mitigation measures applicable to all the road are same except variation in terms of magnitude of the measures which depends on length of the road, presence of pond, number of community structure (mostly temples, playground, school) likely to be shifted, number and type of common utility (hand pump, water tank, electric transformer, electrical poles). The requisite forest clearance has already been obtained for diversion of some forestlands. However, more tree cutting may be involved in the areas where compensatory Afforestation will be undertaken. The appropriate design measures shall be taken for correcting the profile of the road or aligning the roads such that the cut and fill requirement is minimal.

143. Flooding is involved in three roads. Water stagnation and water logging problem is also identified along many existing sample road areas. Adequate design measures for drainage, road levels shall be taken for prevention of water logging or water stagnation or road overtopping during rains.

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V. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN, INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND GRIEVANCE ADDRESS MECHANISM

A. Environmental Management Plan

144. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility for implementation and monitoring, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, timeframe and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimize the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options.

145. The EMP is prepared as per Environmental Management Standard (ECOP) applicable to rural road defined be ADB in the EARF for RCIP.

146. The identified impacts are insignificant and are related to clearing operations of RoW, traffic diversions, setting and operation of construction camps, quarry and borrowing operations, transportation of materials, construction of cross-drainage structures, air & noise pollution due to construction activities and operation of construction equipment, tree cutting and shifting of utilities and physical community structure.

147. Appropriate mitigation measures are identified for all rural road construction and operation activities. The identified impacts associated with rural roads and mitigative measures are largely common to most of the roads. The EMP is detailed at Appendix 5.1. It provides action common to all roads at pre construction, construction and operation stage. Since IEE is carried out prior to preparation of DPR, the EMP will be updated specific to road as per DPR requirements by PIU and included with DPR which shall be available to contractor at the time of bidding. The areas to be updated as per DPR provisions are highlighted under location column of EMP.

148. Since, these are rural road, the vehicular density and speed will be low. Movement of vehicles would be confined primarily for transfer of agricultural produce to market places. As such, no major emergency is anticipated. In any accidental eventuality, local administration can be reached quickly for help though Gram Panchayat (village administration) communication systems.

B. Environmental Monitoring Plan

149. The environmental monitoring program is prepared with aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives: • To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed • To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to before the project scenario. • To assess compliance to regulatory requirements • To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements.

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150. For rural roads, Environmental Monitoring plan will be more observation oriented and it provides observation areas with frequency of monitoring at pre construction aspects,12 construction stage and operation stage. A monitoring plan with monitoring indicator and frequency of monitoring is given at Appendix 5.2.

C. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities

1. Institutional Arrangement

151. NRRDA constituted by MORD is the nodal agency for the implementation of PMGSY in India. SRRDA is the state level agency responsible for implementation of PMGSY program in the state. NRRDA has developed various guidelines and defined institutional arrangements for effective and timely implementation of PMGSY program, which also covers measures for environmental and social safeguards. In line with the defined institutional requirements, each SRRDA has set up district level project implementation units (PIUs). NRRDA also appoints Technical Support Consultant (TSC) to provide technical support for capacity building in SRRDA/PIUs, facilitating them for environmental and social safeguard compliance monitoring and due diligence. SRRDA appoints PIC (project implementation consultant) for supervision of construction work. PIC also helps PIU in monitoring the EMP.

152. NRRDA is also responsible to coordinate with SRRDA and ensure compliance to ADB safeguard requirements.

153. The institutional arrangement at National Level and state level for implementation of PMGSY including RCIP is shown at Figure 5.1.

D. Institutional Environmental Responsibilities

154. The institutional environmental responsibilities for different level and function is elaborated below.

155. MORD13 the executing agency has the responsibility for monitoring implementation of the EMP for all subprojects and undertaking necessary due diligence. MORD ensure this through its Nodal Agency NRRDA (National Rural Road Development Authority). MORD will also ensure that:

i. ADB is given access to undertake environmental due diligence for all subprojects, if and when needed as per EARF requirements ii. SRRDA meet all environmental assessment requirements in accordance with EARF iii. It undertakes random monitoring of the implementation of the EMP iv. Ensure compliance to legislative requirements such as forest clearance for diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes and Consent to Establish/Operate for hot mix plant, batching plant v. Appoint Technical Support Consultant (TSC) to assist SRRDA for various environmental aspect and safeguard compliances

12 Aspects related to alignment selection for inclusion of new roads. 13 MoRD implements it through its nodal agency NRRDA which undertakes this with the help of Environmental Expert of Technical Support Consultant

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Ministry of Rural Development (MORD), ADB Government of India

National Rural Roads Development Authority (NRRDA) Project Implementation Authority (National Level)

Technical Support State Rural Development Agency Consultants (TSC) (State Level) Appointed by NRRDA

Project Implementation Unit Environmental (PIU) Expert of TSC (District Level)

RCIP roads Project Implementation Consultant (PIC)

Contractor Environmental Officer (EO) (Provided by PIC –One Part Time/ full Time on need basis) or appointed by SRRDA

Implementation of EMP Monitoring Implementation of EMP

Figure V.1 : Institutional Arrangement for EMP Implementation 63

156. SRRDA14 will ensure that: i. ECOP checklist is prepared for each road ii. The completed ECOP checklist is included in the DPR with the help of PIC. iii. Ensure that all required statutory environmental clearances are obtained and comply with clearance conditions; iv. Ensure that the subproject specific EMPs and respective budget are included in the bidding documents; v. Ensure that the ECOP checklists and EMP (including general and site specific issues) are made available to the contractors vi. Undertake routine monitoring of the implementation of the EMP including spot checks on site and prepare monitoring reports at least once a year vii. With the support of technical support consultants prepare satisfactory environmental due diligence reports of the earlier tranche/periodic financing request before implementing the next tranche viii. Appoint Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) for construction supervision and assist PIUs for EMP implementation and related safeguard compliances

157. PIU will be responsible to:

i. Complete the ECOP checklists and prepare subproject specific EMPs (including monitoring plan) for each subproject ii. Obtain necessary statutory environmental clearance prior to commencement of civil works iii. Update the respective ECOP checklists and EMPs if there are any changes in alignment of the subprojects iv. To conduct monitoring of all subprojects and prepare pre-, during and post- construction monitoring checklists through the project implementation consultants v. Prepare and submit to SRRDA annual monitoring report as per ADB defined format

158. The Technical Support Consultants (TSC) appointed by NRRDA. The Environmental Expert of TSC :

i. Will provide technical assistance to SRRDA/PIU regarding environmental aspects, environmental permitting/clearances requirement ii. Periodically review EMP implementation status including spot site inspections iii. Conduct workshops/capacity building program at different level and functions iv. Prepare environmental Due Diligence report for each tranche before implementing next tranche v. Prepare state Level IEE reports and EMPs for non sample roads based on the ECOP checklist completed by the PIC

159. Project Implementation Consultant (PIC) is appointed by SRRDA. PIC will provide one Environmental Officer (EO). The EO will be responsible to ensure adherence and implementation of EMP at all stages of works by the contractor. The EO, if found warranting may also conduct field tests, independent of the contractor to determine the effectiveness of EMP under approval of PIC/PIU. The broad duties/responsibilities of the Environmental Officer will include:

14 With assistance from PIU (Project Implementation Unit).

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• Review of project design and specifications to ensure their adequacy and suitability with respect to the implementation of EMP • Collection and dissemination of relevant environmental documents including amendments to environmental protection acts issued by the various agencies, namely, ADB, Government of India / State and local bodies • Interact with the counterpart of the Contractor(s), review work progress/plans and ensure implementation of the EMP • Coordination with the NGOs, community groups and Government departments on environmental issues, provide clarifications/ and obtain clearances during project implementation if any, as required from the regulatory authorities and/or submitting periodic compliance reports as required by the State Authorities • Monitoring sensitive environmental attributes during construction and operation stages15 to ensure that the suggested mitigation measures in the EMP are implemented • Facilitate PIU for preparation of annual monitoring report as per ADB defined format • Documentation of the environmental management/monitoring activities for the regular project implementation progress report; which will serve as the basis for the annual environmental monitoring reports • Conducting environmental training/awareness programs for the contractors, the project implementation personnel and the communities

160. Contractor is appointed by SRRDA for construction of road and ensure implementation of EMP proposed. The broad duties of contractor are as follows:

• Make adequate costs provision for EMP requirements while biding • Ensure effective implementation of mitigative measures as per road specific EMP • Comply with all applicable legislative requirements and obtain necessary consents for to Establish/Operate before start of hot mix plant and batching plants. Comply with al permit conditions • Create awareness amongst workers for environment, occupational health and safety aspects. Participate in training and awareness programme along with its executives conducted by PIC • Provide PPE and adequate resources for Environment Occupational Health and Safety • Follow all the guidelines for borrowing earth and restoration of borrow areas, setting up construction camps • Sourcing of quarry material from approved quarries only • Provide all required input to PIC for environmental monitoring as per EMP.

E. Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) for RCIP

161. ADB has prepared an Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) which identifies the broad scope of the MFF, outlines the policy, environmental screening and

15 Normally PIC is supposed to undertake five site visits and five monitoring reports as per contracts being issued by different SRRDA. It is proposed that PIC shall submit the following five monitoring reports: (1) First report at pre construction stage, (2) Second report after three months of start of construction or on completion of 25% construction, (3) Third report after seven months of start of construction or on completion of 75% of construction, (4) Fourth report after one month of completion of construction and first year of operation stage, and (5) Fifth report in second month of second year of operation stage. 65 assessment, and institutional requirements for preparing the environmental assessments to be followed for subsequent batches and tranches. This EARF also specifies criteria for eligibility for selection of rural roads under RCIP. The sample roads are selected following these criteria. The EMP, monitoring requirement, institutional aspects, capacity building, grievance redress mechanism presented in this chapter are developed in line with above EARF. The eligibility criteria for selection of roads under RCIP, environmental assessment requirement for each tranche and legal framework are given below:

2. Selection Criteria and Environmental Assessment Requirement

162. The following criteria will be followed for selection of non sample roads: (i) No Category A (as per ADB’s SPS) subproject will be included in the MFF (ii) Subprojects will be eligible for construction or upgrading in accordance with the PMGSY guidelines, and be included in the respective district core network (iii) The subprojects shall not disturb any cultural heritage designated by the Government or by international agencies, such as UNESCO, and shall avoid any monuments of cultural or historical importance (iv) The subproject will not pass through any designated wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, other sanctuaries, notified ecological sensitive areas or area of internationally significance (e.g., protected wetland designated by the Wetland Convention) (v) The projects shall only involve activities that follow Government of India laws and regulations, ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

163. The following environmental Assessment requirement will be followed roads included under RCIP: (i) ECOP checklists with annexes on trees, utility structures, community structures, strip plans and photographs will be completed for each and every road (ii) Based on the requirements of the PMGSY guidelines separate ECOP checklists will be prepared for bridges that are longer than 15 m (iii) Based on the completed ECOP checklists for roads and bridges, IEE reports will be prepared at a state level. These reports must contain a general EMP and a site specific EMP where there are site specific issue. (iv) ADB’s REA checklist for roads and highways will be completed based on the state level IEE reports prepared and submitted to ADB to confirm categorization

164. The vulnerable to climate change will also be screened following screening checklists, which was integrated in the ADB REA Checklists and corresponding mitigation measures will be prepared. (i) Is the project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (ii) Could changes in precipitation patterns or evaporation rates over the lifespan of the project affect its sustainability and cost (i.e., increased landslides increase maintenance costs)? (iii) Does the project use or depend on resources which could be affected by climate changes such as changes in temperature, precipitation, wind (increased soil moisture content in the sub-grade)? (iv) Are there any demographic or socioeconomic aspects of the subproject and project area (e.g., population growth, settlement patterns) that increase the vulnerability of the project and surrounding area?

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(v) Could the subproject potentially increase the vulnerability of the surrounding area (i.e., by increasing runoff, encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)

3. Legal Framework

165. As per Indian legislation, an environmental clearance is not required for rural roads. However, it may attract provisions of Forest Conservation Act, Wildlife (Protection) Act, and other legislation related with Air, Water and Noise pollution controls and prevention. The legislative applicability screening is presented in chapter 1 of this report and it will apply for non- sample road as well. Additionally, to ensure conformance to ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS), the subprojects will be subject to the following requirements:

(i) Submission of a completed Rapid Environment Assessment (REA) checklist for Roads and Highways and a categorization form for each state level IEE that is prepared. (ii) An Initial Environmental Examination16 (IEE) report including the preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and a Monitoring Plan. (iii) Regular monitoring of implementation of the EMP and submission of monitoring reports and due diligence reports to ADB as necessary

F. Capacity Building

166. Existing capacity of the State Rural Roads Development Agencies (SRRDAs) and Project Implementation Units (PIUs) for implementing environmental safeguard issues need substantial strengthening. Capacity building activities will mainly comprise training workshops for SRRDA and PIU environmental officers on (i) completion of environmental code of practice (ECOP) checklists; (ii) preparation of environmental management plan (EMP) and monitoring plans; (iii) monitoring of EMP implementation and completion of pre-, during and post- construction monitoring checklists; and (iv) preparation of monitoring reports. These few workshops have already been conducted at participating states though ADB appointed Environmental specialist. Additional training will be carried out periodically, by In-house trained and experienced officials.

G. Consultation and Information Disclosure

167. During the preparation of ECOP and Detailed Project Report (DPR), the PIU has to ensure consultation, and attending to concerns of the affected people. 168. All environmental assessment documents are subject to ADB’s Public Communication Policy (2011) and will be made available to the public, upon request. The SRRDAs are responsible for ensuring that all environmental checklist documentation, including the environmental due diligence and monitoring reports, are properly and systematically kept as part of the Investment Program specific records. MORD must disclose state specific sample road IEE reports on its website.

H. Grievance Redress Mechanism

169. PRI administered village level committee is the first contact point for any aggrieved person. This committee will try to settle the concern by them self or in consultation with contractor or PIU. The unresolved concerned are forwarded to PIU for further action. PIU

16 As per selection criteria, no Category A subproject will be included under RCIP. 67 resolves these concerns in consultation with PIC, SRRDA, and contractor as the situation demands. This is an established practice and is seen effective enough in RRS II. PIC will also collect concerns received by this committee in the intervening period and report the effectiveness of action taken.

170. At national level NRRDA has made provision of registering complain /suggestion through its website. NRRDA forwards these complains to concerned SRRDA for necessary actions. SRRDA directly or through concerned PIU initiate the appropriate action and update the complainant as well as NRRDA. It is proposed that NRRDA website will be cross-linked to each SRRDA website as well or SRRDA will also make provision of complain registry at its website.

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VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. General

171. Public consultation was undertaken consistent with the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, coordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected.

172. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with the intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. The informal consultation generally started with explaining the subprojects, followed by an explanation to potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to loss of agricultural land, effect on air and noise quality of the area due to traffic, water availability, accident and risk.

173. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the subproject. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact.

B. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements

174. In India, public consultation is mandatory in case of Category A and B1 category projects17 in select conditions. Being a category B project as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003, consultation was carried out during the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan.

C. Beneficiaries’ Comments

175. The project has immense acceptability among the local people. They perceived that in addition to providing all weather connectivity, the subproject road would bring positive socioeconomic changes in the area. Local people mainly discussed on issues related to drainage and commencement of the construction work. 176. Some of the general issues raised during the different consultation sessions can be summed up as follows:

• Construction Camp - The participants did not apprehend any adverse impact due to the construction camp near to their villages. They responded positively towards providing support to these, if required, in terms of any food, water requirements. • Water Logging and Drainage - Participants informed about few low-lying areas in sample roads where water logging takes place during monsoon season. The villagers requested for provision of adequate drainage and cross-drainage

17 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory. 69

structures at these locations. Villagers also reported for road overtopping in one road where they have suggested to raise the road levels. • Loss of Livelihood and Income Restoration Options - This issue was raised by those who had encroached on the proposed alignment. However, they offered the encroached space for the proposed project, if demanded. • Road Safety - Safety issues did not raised concern among the inhabitants including women. • Land Acquisition - People were in full support of the project and were ready to donate their land for the same, if required. • Losses of Idols/Shrines - Participants supported the project and were willing to shift the idols, burial grounds and other religious structures observed at certain locations. • Loss of Trees Due to Road Construction - Respondents were of the opinion that trees cutting should be avoided or else minimized. For trees to be cut compensatory plantation should be done. Some villagers expected additional plantation should be done. Recommended tree species for plantation were other local varieties. • Impacts on Health - Separate consultation sessions were organised by social team to identify issues pertaining to health specifically for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Settlements along the rural roads were reported to be getting exposed to such diseases. • Ambient Air & Noise Quality – The respondents viewed that these are the problems of urban areas and their villages are still untouched from this aspect. They even do not anticipate any of these problems after the completion of the project. • Inconvenience during Construction - The participants viewed that they will manage it, as it will be temporary. • Employment during Construction - The locals expected that they should be given preference in employment during project implementation. • Perceptions and Expectations - Perceptions and expectations of the community recorded during the consultation sessions can be broadly listed as: ‹ The public and the affected persons appreciated and supported the project with their open hearts. ‹ Community at large appreciated overall benefits to them resulting from project development; ‹ They were aware of the increased access, lesser commuting time after project implementation;

• Addressal of Issues - The project has tried its best to address all the issues raised during consultations under the constraints of suitability from engineering point of view. Some of the provisions made under the project to address the issues and concerns of the community are given in Table VI-A.

Table VI-A: Addressal of Issues and Concerns under the Project Issue/Concern Addressal under the project Water Logging and There is provision of adequate cross-drainage structures. Road level Drainage are also planed where water overtopping exists. Road Safety Adequate safely signage planned all along the rural road. Land acquisition and The proposed RoW is 12m along the rural road. No land acquisition

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Issue/Concern Addressal under the project Mode of is planned in project road. compensation Loss of roadside Roadside Shrines/Temples shall be relocated after consultations with idols/shrines villagers Loss of trees Compensatory afforestation will occur at the ratio of three trees for each tree that fell. Increased pollution Pollution levels are not crossing the prescribed limits of CPCB and levels planned plantation will screen the emission. Utilities and basic All the utilities, electric poles, telephone lines, wells, tube wells etc. to infrastructure be affected will be relocated under the project cost. Employment of locals Locals will be given preference for employment during the project during construction implementation

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VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusions

177. The findings of Environment Assessment of sample roads indicate that impacts are mostly similar and subprojects are unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage, are temporary in nature, and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts.

178. The project received immense support from local people as they perceive that this project will improve the overall connectivity and bring various economic opportunities to the people of the area.

179. All sample roads included under RCIP were selected based on ecological and climate change consideration defined under EARF. Accordingly, none of the sample roads passes through protected areas or encroaches precious ecology (sensitive or protected areas) or any historical or archeologically protected areas. As per selection guidelines, none of the selected sample road passes through reserved forests either. Few trees cutting though may be involved.

180. None of the rural road crosses any natural stream. However, in case it is so then adequate engineering measures are proposed for the protection of road from the flood.

181. All the sample roads are aligned with existing village roads and unpaved movement paths. As such, land acquisition is nil or very minimal which is also acquired through donations from villagers.

182. Considering insignificant environmental sensitivity, the project is categorized as category B as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 09.

183. No categorization is made under environmental legislation of India, since these small roads do not require any environmental clearance in accordance to Indian Environmental (Protection) Act and Rules, 1986 amended till date. However, clearance from Forest Department will be required for cutting of trees.

184. The impacts identified are mostly related to alignment selection, land clearing, borrowing earth, cutting of trees, shifting of utilities and community structures, establishment of construction camp or material storage areas, transportation of material and operation of hot mix plant. All identified impacts are either eliminated or minimized through design consideration and suitable mitigative measures.

185. Environmental Management plan covering all stages of road construction (design, construction and operation) is prepared with defined responsibility for its implementation. Environmental Monitoring plan is also prepared to ensure effective implementation of EMPs.

186. NRRDA/SRRDA has defined institutional setup including with specified responsibility for environmental management. Existing capacity of the State Rural Roads Development Agencies (SRRDAs) and Project Implementation Units (PIUs) for implementing environmental safeguard issues need substantial strengthening. The capacity enhancement is proposed through focused workshops and training session. Few workshops have already been conducted at participating

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states through ADB appointed Environmental specialist. Trained and experienced in-house officials should carry out more raining in future periodically.

187. The IEE also indicate that rural road construction works does not warrant further EIA study for subsequent rural road construction works in MP State.

B. Key Recommendations

188. Any major changes or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require updation of ECOP and IEE. The updated ECOP and IEE will have to be submitted to NRRDA, and ADB for concurrence before civil works commence.

189. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize/avoid the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan.

190. These IEE is prepared based on ECOPs and feasibility stage. Subproject specific EMP shall be improved as per the final provisions made under DPRs. The updated EMP if there is any change, shall also be sent to ADB for information.

191. Executing agency shall ensure that updated road specific EMP forms part of DPR and is available to contractor at the time of bidding. . The contractor will specify the quantity and budget for various activities like rehabilitation of borrow earth pits, first aid and sanitation facilities at construction camp and temporary office/material storage place as per EMP requirements. The same shall be revised if there is any change in the project design. Any such change shall be reported to ADB as well.

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Appendix 2.1: Details of Roads in Madhya Pradesh

Length S.No. District Blocks Name of Roads (kms.) 1 2 3 4 5 Bhopal

1 MDR to Mangalgarh 0.81 2 MDR to 1.8 3 Sukaliya to Pipaliya Kadim 1.3 4 Berasiya Sironj road to Khejra Misar 1.55 5 SH-18 - Dhaturia road to Dohaya 2.3 6 Bhopal Berasiya road to Khadampur 3.95 7 Rampura Balachoun to Goria Sankheda 3.35 8 Bhopal Berasiya Bhopal Berasiya road to Tanda 2.5 9 Arjunkhedi to Khejra Ghat 3.04 10 Berasiya Najirabad road to Hinotiya Piran 0.925 11 Badli-Bhilkho road to Damila 1.525 12 Lalriya Babchiya road to Chhapryai 1.6 13 Bhopal Berasiya road to Pardi 1.45 14 Behrawal- Barkhedi road to Bhatni 1.525 15 Runha to Bhakwaha 4.125 15 Roads Bhopal Total 31.75 Damoh

16 Bhatera to Barkhera Nahar 1.5 17 Phutera to Menwar 3 Batiyagarh 18 To2 to Mahuakheda 2.5 19 L092 (Aanjani-Agara road) to Bandha 3.5 20 Arthkheda to Dasonda 3 21 T04 Hinoti Jhapan to Hardua 1 22 Adhrota to Hatri 3 23 Bilai to Patouha 3.5 Damoh Damoh 24 Mudiya To Bari 3.1 25 MDR (ATP) To Rampura 1 26 T03 Km 117/2 To Khairuwa 1.6 27 Bilai Road To Chhapri Thakur 3 28 Hatta-Gaisabad Road to Kuluwakalan 6.4 29 Madiyado-Bandha Road to Kanakpura 2 Hatta 30 Madiyado-Bardha Road to Tidni Madiyado 2.2 31 Madiyado-Chouraiya Road to Ghogra 1.5 32 Madiyado-Bardha Road to Digi 2 Hatta 33 Patera Raneh Road To Barkhera Chain 1.2 34 Abhana-Tendukheda-Patan Road to Muderi Tejgarh 1.5 35 Sakha-Bhajiya to Kanepur 2.5 36 Dugani to Bhineni 3.1 Jabera 37 Singhpur-Bhajiya to Salaiya Badi 0.7 38 Imaliya to Rampura 2.5 39 Damoh Abhana-Patan Road To Bhainsakhar 4 40 Damoh-Patera Road to Harpalpura 1 41 Nayagon-Kota App. Road to Muari 3 42 Saliya to Deori Chhoti 3 Patera 43 to Sarangpura 3 44 Muari to Munda 1.8 45 Hatta-Sehora Road to Pala Arjuni 1.4 46 Pathariya (SH-14) To3 to Mahantpur 2.2

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Length S.No. District Blocks Name of Roads (kms.) 47 Satouwa to Shahpur 3.2 48 Narisingarh to Mahuna 3.5 49 Jortala to Abookhedi 2.9 50 Jerat to Berkhera Jaisingh 3 Pathariya 51 Berkhera Jaisingh to Guda 2 52 L118 to Oriya Mal 2 53 Damoh T02 to Baheriya Mal 2.6 54 Tendukheda Tejgarh Pura Road to Keolari Upadhyay 1.3 55 Samnapur to Jamun 9.5 56 Bamnoda To Keolari 1.8 41 Roads Damoh Total 104.1 Jabalpur

57 T02 to Jhirna 1.5 58 T 09 to Sunawal 1.8 59 Kastra (L066) to Rampurikala 2.3 60 SH22 (T08) to Dehrikala 1 61 Dewari Jamdori 3 Kundam 62 SH 22 (T08) to Tikariya 1.05 63 Jabalpur T-01 to Jungh 2.05 64 T-10 to Karanpura 1.55 65 Karaghat(L-034) to Bisanpura 1.9 66 T-01 to Chhirpani 2.25 67 Pondikala to Pondikhurd 2.15 68 Patan MDR (Sakara) to Chhiturha 1.875 69 ORD-3 to Rampura 0.85 70 L 043 to Maili 5.2 71 NH12 to Dharampura 0.95 72 NH 12 to Khari 1.05 73 Shahpura L-021 to 1.3 74 T-02 MDR Tilwara-Chargawan Rd Sukha to Sagada 2.5 75 T-02 MDR Tilwara-Chargawan Rd Sukha to Bharatpur 0.95 76 NH-12 to Barkheda 2 77 Sihora Silondi Road to Chhangawa 2.675 78 Sihora Silondi Road to Deori Naveen 2.05 79 Sihora Silondi Road to Deori Kanhai 0.78 80 NH-7 to Gorakoni 1.5 81 Sihora NH-7 to Ghugri Naween 2.3 82 Phanwani Kumhi to Junwani 1 83 Jabalpur Sihora Silondi Road to Budari 0.6 84 NH-7 to Gunharu 0.8 85 Keolari to Deorikala 1.35 86 Singod Road to Nunikala 2.8 87 ODR to Gurgaon 1.73 88 LPR to Bandhi 1.6 Panagar 89 LPR to Tilgavan 3.375 90 Padariya Road to Tidni 1.85 91 Sonpur to Veerner 1.1 92 (L 123) Chargaon to Sivni 1.5 93 T08 to Pipariya 0.92 94 Jabalpur T05 Pipariya 2.625 95 NH7 to Bamhni 3.55 96 T 04 to Padariya 1.6 75

Length S.No. District Blocks Name of Roads (kms.) 97 Harrai to Dhora 2.125 98 L-083 to Thana 0.75 99 T-08 to Padua 0.6 100 NH-7 to Dhadra 2.85 101 Indrana to Mudari 1.525 102 Majholi Sihora Road to Sagodi 2 103 Lamkana Road to Richhi Pindrai 1.2 104 SH 37 to Jamuniya 1.1 105 Harsinghi to Jhingrai 4.1 Jabalpur Majholi 106 Suhajani to Gathora 1.95 107 Padwar Road to Dungriya 1 51 Roads Jabalpur Total 91.855 Neemuch

108 Neemuch Singoli Rd (SarwaniaMaharaj) To Upreda 3.3 109 Neemuch Singoli Rd To Kachhala 1 110 Neemuch Singoli Rd (Phusaria) To Lalganj 2.7 111 Jat - Gwaliorkala Rd To Daulatpura Jat 2.5 112 Neemuch Singoli Rd To Gothada 1 113 Jawad Ruppura To Ranawat Kheda 2.9 114 Bolkheda Rd To Akli 3.4 115 Neemuch Singoli Rd To Kheda Bhangota 1 116 Jawad - Morvan Rd To Lodh 1.5 117 Neemuch Singoli Rd To Panoli 2.5 118 Lalpura To Ghati 2.6 119 Manasa Jharda Rd To Gaganyakhedi 0.75 120 Neemuch Chandarpura Kanjarda To Bilwas 3 121 Rampura - Bhasara Rd To Basi Block 2.9 122 Piplya handi MalahedaRd To Aranyadhani 1 Manasa 123 Dudlai Dewaran To Badodiya Buzurg 2.5 124 Rampura-Bhanpura Rd To Barwadiya 1 125 Manasa - Jharda Rd. To Sarsi 1 126 Manasa Rmpura Rd To Amad Amargarh Block 2.8 127 Berkheda hada To Champi 2 128 Kothdi Istmurar To Dalawada 3 129 Neemuch To Chauthkheda 3.4 Neemuch 130 Neemuch-Manasa road To Dulakheda 1.5 131 Lawasa choraha To Lewada 1 132 Lasudi tanwar To Umaheda 2.3 25 Roads Neemuch Total 61.36 Ratlam

133 Panthpiploda to Tajkheda 2.8 134 Mandawal to Kothadi (K) 2 135 Alote Barod Rd. to Dhapna 3 136 Lasudia Surjamal to Nimbakhedi 2.5 Alot 137 Pipliya Thukhar to Kammakhedi 2 138 Alot Gogarpur Rd. Jahanabad 5.5 Ratlam 139 Khajuri Devra to Garda 4.8 140 Alot- Barod Rd. to Kamlakhedi 3.7 141 Dhatrawada to Kankarwa 4.5 142 Khokra to Khimakhedi 2.2 Jaora 143 Barkhedi to Nagdi 2.4 144 Mhow Neemuch Rd. to Parvalia 0.6

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Length S.No. District Blocks Name of Roads (kms.) 145 Mallakhedi to Bhanpur 3.9 146 Rola to Ranayara (D) 2.05 147 Ringnod to Manyakhedi 4.05 148 Sukheda to Dhaturiya 4.5 149 Piploda Shakkerkhedi to Bilandpur 3 150 Shukheda to Bhakerkhedi 4.3 151 M.N.Road to Badchapra 11 152 Bati Badodiya to Nalkui 1.3 153 Ratlam Becha to Laptiya 2 154 R.S.Road to Nandlai 1.7 155 Mundri to Sarwani Jagir 4 156 M.N Road to Amleti 2.1 157 Ratlam Ratlam Namli to Bharoda 1 158 Kanari To Dantora 0.8 26 Roads Ratlam Total 75.475 Sehore

159 Astha Kannod Road To Guradiya Sirajjudin 2.5 160 Astha Shujalpur Road Dhanana 3.33 Astha 161 Guradiya Vajyapat To Magarkhedi 3.7 162 Rampurkalan To Awlikheda (Kerpani) 3.25 163 Silkheda (T03) Mungawali 3.4 164 Hirapur road to Alampura 1.25 165 Jherkheda Ghati Sehore Road to Thoona Khurd 1.55 Sehore Sehore 166 Sehor Sewaniya Road To Bakhtal (Molga) 5.63 167 Sehore Charnal Chandbad Road To Manpura 1.5 168 Khari to Awalikheda 3.05 169 Gajikhedi To Ramgarh 4.7 170 Ichhawar To Mogra 4.05 Ichhawar 171 Diwadiya Chainpura To Shahpura (Jamoniya Fatehpur) 3.4 172 Brijeshnagar To Kaneriya 1.95 14 Roads Sehore Total 55.65 Tikamgarh

173 Mau Jhansi Road to Kalothra 3.4 174 Niwari Niwari- Road to Khas 2.5 175 Orcha-Chakarpur road to Radhapur 0.8 176 Jeron Road To Bamroli 4.27 177 Simra Road to Mahuabag 1.2 178 Simra Jeron to Patariya 1.95 Prithvipur 179 Jeron Road to Nayakhera 1.6 180 Orchha Road to Tenipura 2.4 181 Pathariya Road to Digwankala 3.7 182 Lidhora to Antpura 3.35 Tikamgarh Jatara 183 Malpitha to Lakhepura 1.35 184 Ratanguwan to Alopa 3.2 185 Palera Dinau Road to Kankanpura 4.45 186 Syawani Jawar Road to Banpura 0.9 187 Sirora to Shyampura 2.25 188 Tikamgarh-Chhatarpur Road to Dudiankhera 1.7 189 Futer-Teela Road to Bachhoda 0.9 Baldevgarh 190 Baisa to Banpura Khurd 3.1 191 Patha-Pathori Road to Midawali 6.8 192 Jatara- Road to Banpura Sapon 1.6 77

Length S.No. District Blocks Name of Roads (kms.) 193 Baldevgarh-Kakarwaha road to Attariya 5.85 194 Baldevgarh-Kakarwaha road to Sunda Dharmapura 1.65 195 Tikamgarh-Jatara Road to Bamhori Nakiwan 1.9 196 Tikamgarh Sukwaha Road to Shyampura 2.75 197 Darguwa Gudanwara road to Nagara 3 198 Tikamgarh-Jatara Road to Laxmanpura 0.95 199 Baldevgarh Kakarwaha Road to Rashankhera 3.1 27 Roads Tikamgarh Total 75.45 Mandsaur

200 Bhanpura Garoth Bhanpura Road to Dhabla (Manohar) 1 201 Sathkheda to Ranayara 3.5 202 Garoth Panwadi to Piplya Raja 2.6 Mandsour 203 Shamgarh to Junapani Dhornya 4.4 204 Sokri to Kheda khadan 2.6 Malhargarh 205 Hingoria to Akyamedi 2.5 206 Dalauda-Digon road ot Pinda 3.1 207 Katlar to PipalKhedi 1.6 Mandsour 208 Nandwel to Balodiya 2.8 209 NH-79 to Lakhmakhedi 0.7 210 Sitamou Basai road to Larni 1 211 Sitamou Basai road to Padli 3 212 Mandsour Kachanara to Khajurimanda 2.9 213 Titrod to Gangakhedi 2.85 214 Sitamou Sitamou Basai road to Khatrukhedi 1.8 215 Suwasara Shamgarh road to Hanspura 2.4 216 Suwasara Dokerkhedi Road to Lakhwa 2.1 217 Guradiyavijay to Dhanadakheda 2.4 218 Guradiyavijay to Kanakheda 2.9 19 Roads Mandsaur Total 47.595 Indore

219 Kishanpura (Machal) to Bajarangpura 4.15 220 Piranwas to Gadibillod 1.8 221 Limbodapar to Palasiyapar 4 222 Girota road to Parinalwasa (Pirnlwasa) 3.4 Depalpur 223 Atahada to Deora khedi 3.4 224 Dep.-Gautam. to Chitoda 3.8 225 Agra-Ataheda Road.to Nogawan Surf 0.7 226 Pirnawasa to Osara 4.9 227 Semliya Chau to Jalod Kau 3.75 Indore 228 Khudel Road to Mundla Jetkaram 0.51 229 Bagdi Manpur Road to Julwanya 3.1 Indore 230 Gawloo Khandwa Road to Surtipura 2.6 231 Choraldam Road to Buralia 5.6 232 Mhow Mandleshwar to Jamniya 3 233 Jambuzurg to Ghodakhor 2.7 234 Mhow Rampuriya Manpur Road to Olani 4.3 235 A.B. Road to Shahda 2.1 236 Khurda Manpur Road to Rai Kunda 2.7 237 A.B. Road (Umaria) to Pipliya Malhar 1.9 238 Kadwali to Rampuriya 2.1 239 A.B. Road (Yeshwant) to Gol Kheda 4.3 240 Sanwer Jambodi Sarvar to Ajnoti 4

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Length S.No. District Blocks Name of Roads (kms.) 241 Gawala to Kamod Kamlya 3.85 242 Indore Ujjain Road to Siloda Bujurg 1.8 243 Indore Ujjain Road to Brahman Khedi 3.1 244 Jamodi to Solsindi 4.2 245 Kachaliya to Rang Karadia 4.2 246 Sanwer Road to Bawaliya Khedi 2.3 247 Kachaliya to Pipliya Kaysha (Kaystha) 4.1 248 Shahna to Mundla Husain 2.5 249 Faraspura to Bhondwas 2.1 250 Faraspura to Melkalma 3.6 251 Chituoda to Magar Khedi 2.1 252 Ajnod to Balghara 2.3 253 Indore Ujjain Road to Padriya (Padliya) Bajrang 5.1 254 Indore Ujjain Road to Amli Kheda 0.75 36 Roads Indore Total 104.96 254 Grand Total 654.05 79

Appendix 2.3 Rural Roads Environment Check List

RURAL ROADS: ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST

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Appendix 4.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management

I. SELECTION OF BURROUGH AREAS 1. Location of borrow areas shall be finalized as per IRC: 10-1961guidlines. The finalization of locations in case of borrows areas identified in private land shall depend upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. If, agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites, arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. 2. The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. i. The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. ii. The borrow pits preferably should not be located along the roads. iii. The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum. iv. The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. v. The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available.

II. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY 3. The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing program approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following; i. Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition. ii. No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from. iii. Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un-acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately.

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III. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level. (iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside. B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) At location where private owners desire their fields to be levelled, the borrowing shall be done to a depth of not more than 1.5m or up to the level of surrounding fields C. Borrow Areas near River side

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow area near to any surface water body will be at least at a distance of 15m from the toe of the bank or high flood level, whichever is maximum. D. Borrow Areas near Settlements

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage. (iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers 251

of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/SPCB guidelines. E. Borrow Pits along the Road

4. Borrow pits along the road shall be discouraged and if deemed necessary and permitted by the Engineer. The following precautions are recommended: (i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Ridges of not less than 8m widths should be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (iv) Small drains shall be cut through the ridges of facilitate drainage. (v) The depth of the pits shall be so regulated that there bottom does not cut an imaginary line having a slope of 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the edge of the final section of bank, the maximum depth of any case being limited to 1.5m. (vi) Also, no pit shall be dug within the offset width from the toe of the embankment required as per the consideration of stability with a minimum width of 10m.

IV. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS

5. The objective of the rehabilitation program is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level.

6. Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following; • Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface. • Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment. 7. The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

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Appendix 5.1: Environmental Management Plan

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing Measures common to all sample roads Design and Pre Construction Stage Climate Change o Compliance to climate change All through Pre Part of Project PIU/ MPRRDA 1. Consideration and vulnerability check point given the alignment Construct Project Preparation Vulnerability under EARF and adoption of of each rural ion Cost Consultant/ screening necessary mitigative measures as road Phase design may be required consultant o Efforts shall be made to plant additional trees for increasing the carbon sink. The tree may be planted with help of PRI ( Panchati Raj Institution) Finalization of o The road will be part of district core o All Pre Part of Project PIU/ MPRRDA alignment network and will comply with through Construct Project Preparation PMGSY guidelines the ion Cost Consultant/ o Subproject shall not disturb any alignment Phase design cultural heritage designated by the of each consultant

government or by the international rural road

agencies, such as UNESCO, and 2. shall avoid any monuments of cultural or historical importance. o Subproject will not pass through any designated wild life sanctuaries, national park, notified Eco sensitive areas or area of international significance such as protective wet land designated under Wetland Convention, and reserve forest area.. o Subproject to comply with local and National legislative requirements 253

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing such as forest clearance for diversion of forestland and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. o Alignment finalization considering availability of right of way and in consultation with local people. o ROW may be reduced in built up area or constricted areas to minimize land acquisition as per PMGSY Guidelines. o Adjust alignment to the extent feasible to avoid tree cutting, shifting of utilities or community structure. o The road shall follow natural topography to avoid excessive cut and fill. Land acquisition o Avoid or minimize land acquisition. o All Pre Land to be PIU, Govt. of Environmental 3. o Land acquisition, compensation through Construct made Madhya officer under packages, resettlement and the ion available Pradesh , and the PIC will rehabilitation, poverty alleviation alignment Phase by the other also coordinate programs for affected people and of each state and ensure implementation all other related issues are rural road Governme addressed through Social Impacts nt and Resettlement & Rehabilitation report. 4. Biological o All efforts shall be taken to avoid Throughout environment - Tree tree cutting wherever possible. the project planting o Requisite permission from forest section of department shall be obtained for the road. cutting of roadside trees. (Highlight o Provision of Compensatory Tree cutting Afforestation shall be made on locations &

254

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing 1:3.ratio basis. proposed o Permission shall be taken for likely diversion of any forest land if plantation involved. Provision shall be made location) for additional compensatory tree plantation. Planning for land o The road land width shall be clearly All through Pre Necessary PIC, PIU, Environmental clearing demarcated on the ground. the Rural Construct cost Forest officer under o The utility and community structure roads ion provisions Department the PIC will shifting shall be planned in excepting in Phase have been NGOs (shifting coordinate and 5. consultations and concurrence of stretches of made. of utilities shall ensure

the community. habitations All other be carried out

o Tree felling shall be limited to (Attach or costs are by respective those, which could not be saved Refer to included governmental even by design measures. The tree specific under bodies at cost shall be cut with a prior permission sections of project to be of Forest department. DPR for the cost. reimbursed by Officials of o The vegetable cover shall be utilities to be project, Forest removed and disposed in shifted along implementing Department, consultation with community. with agency). Contractor and local NGOs o All public utilities shifting shall be chainages for To increase and planned with prior concurrence of the location survival rate of coordinated by respective agencies/authority and of such new saplings, a Environmental to the adjacent location approved structures) core Tree officer of by them Management Construction Committee is to Supervision be created to Consultant for ensure specific complete package. retrieval of vegetative cover and timely 255

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing replacement of perished plantations. implementation Unit (PIU) of MPRRDA, Shifting on Common o All efforts are made to minimize As Construct Borne by Contractor is Environmental Properties shifting of common utilities and determined ion Contractor responsible for officer and 8. Resources community structures. by contractor Phase ensuring other team o The community structures/utilities under provision of members of which can not be saved will be approval of facilities under PIC will monitor and ensure shifted to adjacent area with the PIC /PIU approval by appropriate concurrence and in consultation (Attach or PIC / PIU implementation with community. Refer to specific Environmental sections of officer will DPR for regularly community interact with the structures to local people be shifted who are likely to be affected along with to ensure that chainages for their interests the location are protected of such and no social structures) resentment sets in. Cut and Fill and o The alignment design shall All through Pre Part of Project PIU/ MPRRDA Embankment consider options to minimize the alignment Construct Project Preparation Construction design excessive cuts and fills. of each rural ion Cost Consultant/ & planning o The cut and fill quantities shall be road Phase design used for embankment to minimize consultant

barrow earth requirement. (Highlight the

o The design shall be as per relevant high flood 6.

256

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing IRC provisions for cut and fill, slope level, protection and drainage. chainage for o Adequate provision shall be made action and for cross-drainage structure for linkages to maintaining natural drainage DPR section) pattern in the subproject area and preventing soil erosion. o Side drain for channelizing water to nearby natural drain in water stagnation /logging prone area. o The top soil of the cut and fill area shall be used for embankment slope protection o Embankment will be designed above High Flood Level (HFL) wherever, area is prone to flood. 7. Hydrology and o Provision of adequate cross- Near all Drainage drainage structure shall be made to drainage ensure smooth passage of water crossing, and maintaining natural drainage nalas and pattern of the area. The discharge river capacity of the CD structure shall crossings be designed accordingly. etc. o Provision of adequate side drainage shall be made in water (indicate HFL stagnant/logging areas. Level and o The construction work near water Highlight the body shall be planned preferably in chainage for dry season so that water quality of action and the water channel is not affected linkages to due to siltation and rain water DPR section) runoff. o Elaborate drainage system shall be 257

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area. o Provision of additional cross- drainage structure shall be made in the areas where nearby land is sloping towards road alignment on both the sides. o Provision of concrete road construction in habitat area with drainage of both side of the road shall be made as per the design provision and with adequate slope to prevent any water logging. o Road level shall be fixed above HFL. Embankment slope stabilization measures shall be planned. Stabilization measures may include vegetative treatment, stone pitching, retaining wall where feasible, low cost options such as bamboo / eucalyptus tree pilling . 8. Establishment of o Construction camp sites shall be As Pre- To be All facilities are PIU Construction Camp, located away from any local human determined constructi included to be planned temporary office and settlements (minimum 0.5 km by contractor on and in and storage area away) and preferably located on under constructi contractor’ implemented lands, which are not productive approval of on s cost by contractor barren/waste lands presently. PIC/PIU/ stage under approval o Similarly temporary office and (ref- by PIU / PIC storage areas shall be located Labelled: away from human settlement areas WASTE OIL;

258

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing (minimum 500 m). and o The construction camps, office and hazardous storage areas shall have provision sign be of adequate water supply, displayed at sanitation and all requisite oil handling infrastructure facilities. areas and o The construction camps shall be sold off to located at a minimum 0.5 km from SPCB/ forest land/areas to deter the MoEF construction labor in trespassing. authorized Similarly, temporary office and re-refiners). storage areas shall be located at a (Contractor minimum 0.5 km from forest to specify the land/areas. cost o The construction camps, office and provision storage areas shall have provision made for of septic tank/soak pit of adequate PPE and capacity so that it can function other properly for the entire duration of its environment use. al sanitation o All construction camps shall have measures provision of rationing facilities required per particularly for kerosene/LPG so construction that dependence on firewood for camp / cooking is avoided completely to temporary the extent possible. office / o The construction camps, office and storage storage areas shall have provision area) of health care facilities for adults, pregnant women and children. o Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) like helmet, boots, earplugs for workers, first aid and fire fighting 259

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing equipments shall be available at construction sites before start of construction. An emergency plan shall be prepared to fight with any emergency like fire. o Provision shall be made for domestic solid waste disposal in a control manner. The recyclable waste shall be sold off and non- saleable and biodegradable waste shall be disposed through secured land filling. o Provision of paved area for unloading and storage of fuel oil, lubricant oil, away from storm water drainage. Traffic Movement o The contractor will identify the As proposed Pre- To be All facilities are PIU areas were temporary traffic under DPR constructi included to be planned diversion may be required. He and on and in and would prepare appropriate traffic determined constructi contractor’ implemented 9. movement plan for ensuring by contractor on s cost by contractor

continued flow of traffic during and stage under approval

construction phase. This may approved by by PIU / PIC include movement of the traffic from PIC/PIU/ the site of the construction area. (Highlight the This kind of a temporary diversion chainages shall be finalized with the which may concurrence of respective PIU. require traffic o Wherever, cross-drainage structure diversions) work require longer construction time and road is to be blocked for longer duration, the PIU / DPR Consultant shall define appropriate

260

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing measures for traffic diversion before the start of the construction. o The diversion plan should ensure smooth flow of traffic, minimize accidents to road users during construction works. o Adequate signboards shall be placed much ahead of diversion site to caution the road users. The road signs should be bold and retro reflective in nature for good visibility in day and night both. 10. Occupational Health o Speed breakers (Rumble strips) as Throughout and Safety per IRC: 99-1988 shall be provided the project at sharp corves design and bends section at where the curve design speed is the location less than 40 km per hour in plain determined and rolling terrain. by contractor o Speed breakers shall also be and provided at a threshold of habitation approved by (as per NRRDA guidelines) at PIU regular intervals (150-200 m) through habitation and near schools (Highlight the or religious places. location with o The speed breakers shall be chainage for provided and directional sign such boards installed at sites where requirements reverse horizontal curves are ) closely spaced and speed reduction is required. o Provision shall be made for Hazard markers at each end of all box culverts, river crossing causeways 261

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing and similar CD structures o Shoulder side slopes shall not be steeper than 2h:1V unless stone pitching of the slopes is provided. o Cement concrete pavement and V- shaped drain shall be constructed to the full width of the available roadway within densely populated habitation and as per feasibility. o Provision shall be made for Directional sight board shall be installed on all sharp curves and bends o At a main road, intersection or crossing “STOP” sign and ‘T- intersection’ warning sign shall be installed on the village road. o It is proposed to approach railways for adequate safety at unmanned railway crossing where applicable. Adequate clearly visible sign shall be provided on both side of the railway crossing Construction Stage Sourcing and Borrow Earth: As Borrow During Engineeri The selection transportation of o The borrow earth shall be obtained sites and Design ng cost of quarries and 11. construction material from identified locations and with quarries (if and material PIC /PIU/TSC ( aggregates , earth) prior permission for landowner and required) constructi selection will be Environmental location. clear understanding for its on Stage the officer and

rehabilitation. The Indian Road responsibility of other team (List the members of Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline contractor probable PIC will should be used for selection of under approval locations for monitor borrow pits and amount that can be of PIC

262

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing borrowed. borrow /PIU/TSC o Borrowing earth from agricultural areas. Environmental land shall be minimized to the (Highlight the officer and extent possible. Further, no earth identified other team shall be borrowed from already low- quarries, if members of lying areas. already PIC will ensure o A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off identified. appropriate from the borrow pit and this will be Contractors implementation stored in stockpiles in a designated should also of mitigation area for height not exceeding 2m indicate the actions. and side slopes not steeper than quarry they 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). are likely to o Borrowing of earth will not be done use if not continuously throughout the stretch. already o Ridges of not less than 8m widths identified at will be left at intervals not DPR stag) exceeding 300m. o Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. o The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). o The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside. o Fly ash will also be used in road embankment as per IRC guidelines wherever thermal power plant is located within 100 km of the road alignment. o The borrow area shall be rehabilitated as per the 263

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing understanding arrived with the land- owner. The rehabilitation plan may include the following: ° Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original ground surface. ° Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. Aggregate : o The stone aggregate shall be sourced from existing licensed quarries o Copies of consent/ approval / rehabilitation plan for use of existing source will be submitted to PIU. o Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage

Transportation of Construction Material o Existing tracks / roads are to be used for hauling of materials to the extent possible. o Prior to construction of roads,

264

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing topsoil shall be preserved or at least shall be used for any other useful purposes like using in turfing of embankment rather than allowing its loss by construction activities. o The vehicles deployed for material transportation shall be spillage proof to avoid or minimize the spillage of the material during transportation. In any case, the transportation links are to be inspected at least twice daily to clear accidental spillage, if any. Loss of Productive o It shall be ensured that the land Thought out During Included Design PIU / MPRRDA 12. Soil, erosion and taken on lease for access road, the road the in project Consultant and land use change construction camp and temporary section Construct cost Contractor office of the storage facilities is (The ion stage restored back to its original land contractor use before handing it over back to shall include land owner. the cost for o The top soil from the productive the measures land (borrow areas, road widening as part of the areas etc.) shall be preserved and construction reused for plantation purposes. cost) o It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. o Cut and fill shall be planned as per IRC provisions and rural road manual. o All steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. o Shrubs shall be planted in loose 265

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing soil area. o IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. o Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion Compaction and o To prevent soil compaction in the Throughout • Design • Project • Design PIU 13. Contamination of Soil adjoining productive lands beyond the project and prepara consultant the ROW, the movement of section of constru tion and construction vehicles, machinery the road s ction cost Contractor, and and equipment shall be restricted to stage constru the designated haulage route. (The ction o The productive land shall be contractor cost reclaimed after construction activity. shall include o Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted the cost for with anaerobic treatment facility the shall be provided at construction measures as camp/temporary office/storage part of the areas. construction o Domestic solid waste at cost) construction camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. o The non-biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. o Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location.

266

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing o The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. o All efforts shall be made to minimize the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. o To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. Construction Debris o All excavated materials from • Throughou • Design • Project • Design PIU 14. and waste roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, t the and prepara consultant cross-drainage will be used for project constru tion and backfilling embankments, filling pits, section of ction cost Contractor, and landscaping. the road stage and o Unusable debris material should be constru suitably disposed off at pre- ction designated disposal locations, with cost approval of the concerned authority. o The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure manner at designated landfill sites only in an environmentally accepted manner. 267

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing o For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected with the consent of villagers and Panchayat for the same. The dumping site should be of adequate capacity. It should be located at least 500 m away from the residential areas. Dumping sites should be away from water bodies to prevent any contamination of these bodies. Air and Noise Quality o Vehicles delivering loose and fine • Near all • During • Include Contractor PIU/ MPRRDA 15. materials like sand and aggregates drainage Constr d in shall be covered. crossing , uction enginee o Dust suppression measures like nalas and stage ring water sprinkling, shall be applied in river cost all dust prone locations such as crossings unpaved haulage roads, etc. earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing areas. o Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 0.5 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. o Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. o Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height (30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit

268

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing gases. Consent to establish and operate shall be obtained from State Pollution Control Board and comply with all consent conditions. o Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height ( as per regulation height of the stack of open to air DG set shall be about 0.5 m for 5 KVA and about 0.7 m for 10 KVA DG sets, above top of sound proofing enclosure of the Dg set). . Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. o The requisite PPE (helmet, mask, boot, hand gloves, earplugs) shall be provided to the construction workers. o Workers’ exposure to noise will be restricted to less than 8 hours a day. Workers duty shall be regulated accordingly. Biological o Compensatory Afforestation shall Throughout during Part of DFO and PIU and 16. environment - Tree be made on 1:3.ratio basis as per the project the engineerin MPRRDA MPRRDA planting the plannings. section of design g work o Additional trees shall be planted the road and cost wherever feasible. (Highlight Construct included Tree cutting ion stage

locations & proposed 269

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing likely plantation location) Ground Water and o Requisite permission shall be Throughout constructi constructi Contractor, PIC/PIU 17. Surface Water obtained for abstraction of the project on stage on cost Quality and groundwater from State Ground section of Availability Water Board/Central Ground Water the road Authority if applicable. (The o The contractor shall arrange for contractor water required during construction shall include in such a way that the water the cost for availability and supply to nearby the measures communities remains unaffected. as part of the o Water intensive activities shall not construction be undertaken during summer cost) period to the extent feasible. o Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting if feasible o Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity. o Preventive measures like slop stabilisation, etc shall be taken for prevention of siltation in water bodies. Occupational Health o Verification of implementation of 19. and Safety provision made at planning stage. o Each worker is provided with requisite PPE o Directional sight board shall be

270

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing installed on all sharp curves and bends o At a main road, intersection or crossing “STOP” sign and ‘T- intersection’ warning sign shall be installed on the village road. o Operation Stage Air and Noise Quality o Awareness sign board shall be Throughout Operatio constructi Contractor, PIC/PIU provided for slow driving near the the project n stage on cost habitat areas to minimize dust section at stage 19. generation due vehicle movement.. the location Speed limitation and honking determined restrictions may be enforced near by contractor sensitive locations. and approved by PIU Site restoration o All construction camp/temporary (The office/material storage areas are to contractor be restored to its original shall include conditions. the cost for o The borrow areas rehabilitation will the measures be ensured as per the agreed plan as part of the with the landowner. construction o Obtained clearance from PIU cost) before handling over the site to SRRDA. o PIC to undertake survivability assessment and report to PIU the status of compensatory tree plantation at a stage of completion of construction with recommendation for improving the 271

SL. Project Mitigation Measures Location Time Cost Responsible Responsible for No. Action/Environmental Frame for Monitoring Attributes Implementing survivability of the tree if required Hydrology and o Regular removal/cleaning of Throughout Operatio constructi Contractor, PIC/PIU 20. Drainage deposited silt shall be done from the project n stage on cost drainage channels and outlet points section at stage before the monsoon season. the location o Rejuvenation of the drainage determined system by removing by contractor encroachments/ congestions shall and be regularly conducted approved by PIU Occupational Health o Directional sight board shall be Throughout Operatio constructi Contractor, PIC/PIU 21. and Safety installed on all sharp curves and the project n stage on cost bends section at stage o At a main road, intersection or the location crossing “STOP” sign and ‘T- determined intersection’ warning sign shall be by contractor installed on the village road. and approved by

PIU

Note : 1. Road specific measures may vary depending on its location and environmental setting around. The exact extent of activities and related measures requires will depend on final alignment selection. Table 1 provides the list of common utilities, ponds, or community structures falling within 2-4 M of the road and may require shifting. Efforts shall be made to adopt the mitigative measures listed under respective section above including measures of aligning road on one end to save the the structures/trees as much as possible. The PIU will update this EMP before attaching it with the DPR and either list or refer to the section of DPR for highlighting the exact location with chainage of action areas (regarding shifting of common utilities, community structures, location of CD structures, embankment height in the flood prone areas, slope stabilization measures with locations near ponds or water bodies, tree cutting locations) 2. The information to be updated in the standard EMP before attaching it with DPR is highlighted under location column of the standard EMP.

272

Table 1: Madhya Pradesh: Environmental Features Within 0-4 m from Road Edge That May Require Shifting /Protection Measures

Hand Electric Trans- Telephone Ponds Water Flood S.No Block Road Name Trees Temple School Water Tank River Forest Pump Poles former poles /Well logging prone Ratlam District Mundri to 1. Ratlam - - - - 25 ------Sarwani Jagir R. S. Road to 2. Ratlam - - - - 20 2 ------Nandlai Dosaigaon to 3. - 2 - - 25 1 - - 1 well - - - - Ratlam Borana Dhatrawada to 4. Ratlam - - 1DP - 32 ------Kankarwa Indore District Indore Ujjain 5. Sanwer Road to 3 10 - - 15 1 1 ------Brahmankhedi Indore Ujjain 6. Sanwer Road to Siloda - - - - 2 ------Bujurg A. B. Road to 7. Mhow ------1 ------Shahda Choraldam Road 8. Mhow ------to Buralia Tikamgarh District Tikamgarh 9. Tikamgarh Jatara Road tp - - - - 5 ------Laxmanpura Baldevgarh 10. Tikamgarh Kakarwaha Road - 1 - - 5 ------to Atariya Patha Patori 11. Baldevgarh Road to - - - - 13 ------Midawali Damoh District Tendukhe Samnapur to 1 12. - - - - 54 2 - 1 Well - - - - da Jamun hospital MDR(ATP) to 13. Damoh ------Rampura Tendukhe L118 to Oriya 14. 1 - - - 6 1 ------da Mal Jabalpur District Sihora Silondi 15. Sihora Road to 2 - - - 34 1 1 - 1 Pond - - - - Chhanagawa 16. Jabalpur NH-7 to Dhadra - - - - 1 ------17. Jabalpur T05 to Pipariya 3 - - - 24 - 1 ------273

Hand Electric Trans- Telephone Ponds Water Flood S.No Block Road Name Trees Temple School Water Tank River Forest Pump Poles former poles /Well logging prone Mandsaur District Sitamou Basai to 18. Sitamou 1 - - - 1 ------Larni Mandsaur 19. Mandsaur Bypass Road to - - 1 - 6 ------Aghoriya Dalauda Digon 20. Mandsaur - - - - 1 ------Road to Pinda Sehore District Gajikhedi Road Panchayat 21. Ichhawar 3 - - - 37 1 1 1 well - - - - to Ramgarh Bhawan T08 (Jharkheda Ghati-Sehorew 1 Anganwadi 1 Well 22. Sehore 2 - 1 - 39 - 1 - - - - MDR) to Centre 1 Pond Toonakhurd Heerapur Road 23. Sehore (T11) to 3 - 1 - 3 - 1 ------Alampura Neemuch District Neemuch Singoli 24. Jawad 1 2 1 DP ------Road to Gothada Neemuch Singoli 25. Jawad - 1 - - 1 ------Road to Panoli Bhopal District T11-Arjunkhedi 26. Berasiya Road to Khejra 1 - - - 13 1 - - 1 Well - - - - Ghat Rampura Balachhoun 27. Berasiya 1 - - - 26 ------Road to Goria Sankheda Bhopal Berasiya 28. Berasiya 1 - - - 26 ------Road to Pardi

274

Appendix 5.2: Environmental Monitoring Plan

I. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Monitoring Responsibility: PIU with Support from PIC Monitoring Frequency: Once prior to start of construction Road Name with Block and District Name:. Road Length: Report No.: .

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay Climate o Compliance to climate change vulnerability check point All through the No. of Additional 1. Change given under EARF and adoption of necessary mitigative alignment Tree plantation Consideration measures as may be required Proposed and o Efforts shall be made to plant additional trees for increasing Vulnerability the carbon sink. The tree may be planted with help of PRI ( screening Panchati Raj Institution) Finalization of o The road will be part of district core network and will comply All through the Compliance to 2. alignment with PMGSY guidelines alignment of Conditions of o Subproject shall not disturb any cultural heritage designated each rural road Forest Clearance by the government or by the international agencies, such as if applicable UNESCO, and shall avoid any monuments of cultural or historical importance. o Subproject will not pass through any designated wild life sanctuaries, national park, notified Eco sensitive areas or area of international significance such as protective wet land designated under Wetland Convention, and reserve forest. o Subproject to comply with local and National legislative requirements such as forest clearance for diversion of forestland and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. o Alignment finalization considering availability of right of way and in consultation with local people. o ROW may be reduced in built up area or constricted areas to minimize land acquisition as per PMGSY Guidelines. 275

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay o Adjust alignment to the extent feasible to avoid tree cutting, shifting of utilities or community structure. o The road shall follow natural topography to avoid excessive cut and fill. Land o Avoid or minimize land acquisition. All through the 3. acquisition o Land acquisition, compensation packages, resettlement and alignment of rehabilitation, poverty alleviation programs for affected each rural road people and all other related issues are addressed through Social Impacts and Resettlement & Rehabilitation report. Biological o All efforts shall be taken to avoid tree cutting wherever Throughout the 4. environment - possible. project section Tree planting o Requisite permission from forest department shall be of the road obtained for cutting of roadside trees. o Provision of Compensatory Afforestation shall be made on 1:3.ratio basis. o Permission shall be taken for diversion of any forest land if involved. Provision shall be made for additional compensatory tree plantation. Planning for o The road land width shall be clearly demarcated on the All through the Tree cutting land clearing ground. Rural roads permission from o The utility and community structure shifting shall be planned excepting in Forests or in consultations and concurrence of the community. stretches of Revenue 5. o Tree felling shall be limited to those, which could not be habitations department as saved even by design measures. The tree shall be cut with a applicable prior permission of Forest department. Permission of o The vegetable cover shall be removed and disposed in concerned utility consultation with community. Authorities o All public utilities shifting shall be planned with prior No. and concurrence of respective agencies/authority and to the proposed location adjacent location approved by them of compensatory trees plantation, Concurrence from community for utility, community

276

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay structure, and vegetation cover removal Shifting on o All efforts are made to minimize shifting of common utilities As determined Common and community structures. by contractor Properties o The community structures/utilities which can not be saved under approval 6. Resources will be shifted to adjacent area with the concurrence and in of PIC /PIU consultation with community. Cut and Fill and o The alignment design shall consider options to minimize All through the Embankment excessive cuts and fills. alignment of Construction o The cut and fill quantities shall be used for embankment to each rural road 7. design and minimize barrow earth requirement. planning o The design shall be as per relevant IRC provisions for cut and fill, slope protection and drainage. o Adequate provision shall be made for cross-drainage structure for maintaining natural drainage pattern in the subproject area and preventing soil erosion. o Side drain for channelizing water to nearby natural drain in water stagnation /logging prone area. o The top soil of the cut and fill area shall be used for embankment slope protection o Embankment will be designed above High Flood Level wherever, area is prone to flood. Hydrology and o Provision of adequate cross-drainage structure shall be Near all Drainage made to ensure smooth passage of water and maintaining drainage natural drainage pattern of the area. The discharge capacity crossing , nalas 8. of the CD structure shall be designed accordingly. and river o Provision of adequate side drainage shall be made in water crossings etc. stagnant/logging areas. o The construction work near water body shall be planned preferably in dry season so that water quality of the water channel is not affected due to siltation and rain water runoff. o Elaborate drainage system shall be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and 277

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay subsurface water of the area. o Provision of additional cross-drainage structure shall be made in the areas where nearby land is sloping towards road alignment on both the sides. o Provision of concrete road construction in habitat area with drainage of both side of the road shall be made as per the design provision and with adequate slope to prevent any water logging. o Road level shall be fixed above HFL. Embankment slope stabilization measures shall be planned. Stabilization measures may include vegetative treatment, stone pitching, retaining wall where feasible, low cost options such as bamboo / eucalyptus tree pilling . Establishment o Construction camp sites shall be located away from any local As determined Location of of Construction human settlements (minimum 0.5 km away) and preferably by contractor Construction 9. Camp, located on lands, which are not productive barren/waste under approval camp with temporary lands presently. of PIC/PIU/ planning of office and o Similarly temporary office and storage areas shall be located (ref- Labelled: requisite facilities storage area away from human settlement areas (minimum 500 m). WASTE OIL; and making o The construction camps, office and storage areas shall have and hazardous provision of such provision of adequate water supply, sanitation and all sign be facilities prior to requisite infrastructure facilities. displayed at oil start of o The construction camps shall be located at a minimum 0.5 handling areas construction. km from forest land/areas to deter the construction labor in and sold off to Availability of trespassing. Similarly, temporary office and storage areas SPCB/ MoEF consent to shall be located at a minimum 0.5 km from forest land/areas. authorized re- establish from o The construction camps, office and storage areas shall have refiners). pollution control provision of septic tank/soak pit of adequate capacity so that board for setting it can function properly for the entire duration of its use. up the camp. o All construction camps shall have provision of rationing facilities particularly for kerosene/LPG so that dependence on firewood for cooking is avoided completely to the extent possible. o The construction camps, office and storage areas shall have provision of health care facilities for adults, pregnant women

278

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay and children. o Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs) like helmet, boots, earplugs for workers, first aid and fire fighting equipments shall be available at construction sites before start of construction. An emergency plan shall be prepared to fight with any emergency like fire. o Provision shall be made for domestic solid waste disposal in a control manner. The recyclable waste shall be sold off and non-saleable and biodegradable waste shall be disposed through secured land filling. o Provision of paved area for unloading and storage of fuel oil, lubricant oil, away from storm water drainage. Traffic o The contractor will prepare appropriate traffic diversion As proposed Movement scheme approved by respective PIU. This shall be under DPR 10. implemented prior to start of construction to avoid any and inconvenience to the present road users. This shall be determined by implemented in other stretches of the road as per the contractor and progress of the construction work. approved by o The diversion plan should ensure smooth flow of traffic, PIC/PIU/ minimize accidents to road users during construction works. o Adequate signboards shall be placed much ahead of diversion site to caution the road users. The road signs should be bold and retro reflective in nature for good visibility in day and night both. Occupational o Speed breakers (Rumble strips) as per IRC: 99-1988 shall Throughout the Health and be provided at sharp corves design and bends where the project section 11. Safety curve design speed is less than 40 km per hour in plain and at the location rolling terrain. determined by o Speed breakers shall also be provided at a threshold of contractor and habitation (as per NRRDA guidelines) at regular intervals approved by (150-200 m) through habitation. PIU o The speed breakers shall be provided and directional sign boards installed at sites where reverse horizontal curves are closely spaced and speed reduction is required. o Provision shall be made for Hazard markers at each end of 279

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay all box culverts, river crossing causeways and similar CD structures o Shoulder side slopes shall not be steeper than 2h:1V unless stone pitching of the slopes is provided. o Cement concrete pavement and V-shaped drain shall be constructed to the full width of the available roadway within densely populated habitation and as per feasibility. o Provision shall be made for Directional sight board shall be installed on all sharp curves and bends o At a main road, intersection or crossing “STOP” sign and ‘T- intersection’ warning sign shall be installed on the village road. o It is proposed to approach railways for adequate safety at unmanned railway crossing where applicable. Adequate clearly visible sign shall be provided on both side of the railway crossing 1111112. Grievance o Obtaining information from Village level Grievance redress Each Sample Redress committee, PIU as applicable road once. Note: Each report must enclose Photograph to the maximum possible action points, even if work is in progress.

280

II. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Monitoring Responsibility : PIU with Support from PIC Monitoring Frequency : (First Report after third month of start of construction or 25% construction . Second report after ninth month of construction or 75% construction). Project Details:. Road Stretch Name : . Monitoring Report Quarter No.: ..

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay Sourcing and Borrow Earth: At Borrow Compliance to 1. transportation of o The borrow earth shall be obtained from identified sites and IRC guidelines construction material locations and with prior permission for landowner and clear quarries (if and stated ( aggregates , earth) understanding for its rehabilitation. The Indian Road required) criteria, Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for location. Permission selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed. from land o Borrowing earth from agricultural land shall be minimized owners, to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed Rehabilitation from already low-lying areas. of borrow o A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and areas this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than Availability of 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). valid consent o Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through of quarries out the stretch. o Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. o Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. o The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). o The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside. o Fly ash will also be used in road embankment as per IRC guidelines wherever thermal power plant is located within 100 km of the road alignment. 281

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay o The borrow area shall be rehabilitated as per the understanding arrived with the land-owner. The re- habilitation plan may include the following: ° Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original ground surface. ° Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development.

Aggregate : o The stone aggregate shall be sourced from existing licensed quarries o Copies of consent/ approval / rehabilitation plan for use of existing source will be submitted to PIU. o Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage

Transportation of Construction Material o Existing tracks / roads are to be used for hauling of materials to the extent possible. o Prior to construction of roads, topsoil shall be preserved or at least shall be used for any other useful purposes like using in turfing of embankment rather than allowing its loss by construction activities. o The vehicles deployed for material transportation shall be spillage proof to avoid or minimize the spillage of the material during transportation. In any case, the transportation links are to be inspected at least twice daily to clear accidental spillage, if any. Loss of Productive o It shall be ensured that the land taken on lease for access Thought out Soil, erosion and road, construction camp and temporary office of the the road 2. land use change storage facilities is restored back to its original land use section before handing it over back to land owner.

282

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay o The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas etc.) shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. o It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. o Cut and fill shall be planned as per IRC provisions and rural road manual. o All steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. o Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area. o IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. o Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion Compaction and o To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive • Throughou 3. Contamination of lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction t the Soil vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to project the designated haulage route. section of o The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction the road s activity. o Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp/temporary office/storage areas. o Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. o The non-biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. o Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. o The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. o All efforts shall be made to minimize the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place 283

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay prior to disposal. o To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re- fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. Construction Debris o All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, • Throughou and waste drains, cross-drainage will be used for backfilling t the embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. project o Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off section of 4. at pre-designated disposal locations, with approval of the the road concerned authority. o The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure manner at designated landfill sites only in an environmentally accepted manner. o For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected with the consent of villagers and Panchayat for the same. The dumping site should be of adequate capacity. It should be located at least 500 m away from the residential areas. Dumping sites should be away from water bodies to prevent any contamination of these bodies. Air and Noise o Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and • Near all 5. Quality aggregates shall be covered. drainage o Dust suppression measures like water sprinkling, shall be crossing , applied in all dust prone locations such as unpaved nalas and haulage roads, earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing river areas. crossings o Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located etc. at least 0.5 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. o Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. o Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height

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SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay (30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Consent to establish and operate shall be obtained from State Pollution Control Board and comply with all consent conditions. o Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height ( as per regulation height of the stack of open to air DG set shall be about 0.5 m for 5 KVA and about 0.7 m for 10 KVA DG sets, above top of sound proofing enclosure of the Dg set). . Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. o The requisite PPE (helmet, mask, boot, hand gloves, earplugs) shall be provided to the construction workers. o Workers’ exposure to noise will be restricted to less than 8 hours a day. Workers duty shall be regulated accordingly. 6. Biological o Compensatory Afforestation shall be made on 1:3.ratio Throughout environment - Tree basis as per the plannings. the project planting o Additional trees shall be planted wherever feasible. section of the road Ground Water and o Requisite permission shall be obtained for abstraction of Throughout Surface Water groundwater from State Ground Water Board/Central the project 7. Quality and Ground Water Authority if applicable. section of Availability o The contractor shall arrange for water required during the road construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected. o Water intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible. o Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting if feasible o Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity. o Preventive measures like slop stabilisation, etc shall be taken for prevention of siltation in water bodies. 285

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay Occupational Health o Verification of implementation of provision made at Throughout 8. and Safety planning stage. the project o Each worker is provided with requisite PPE section at o Directional sight board shall be installed on all sharp the location curves and bends determined o At a main road, intersection or crossing “STOP” sign and by contractor ‘T-intersection’ warning sign shall be installed on the and village road. approved by PIU 9. Grievance Redress o Obtaining information from Village level Grievance redress Each Sample committee, PIU as applicable road once. Note: Each report must enclose Photograph to the maximum possible action points, even if work is in progress.

286

III. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING OPERATION STAGE

Monitoring Responsibility: PIU with Support from PIC Monitoring Frequency: ( On completion of construction and after one month of first and second year of maintenance period) Project Details:. Road Stretch Name: Monitoring Report No.: ..

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay Air and Noise o Awareness signboard shall be provided for slow driving Throughout the 1. Quality near the habitat areas to minimize dust generation due project section at the vehicle movement. Speed limitation and honking location determined restrictions may be enforced near sensitive locations. by contractor and approved by PIU Site restoration o All construction camp/temporary office/material storage Throughout the road Survivability 2. areas are to be restored to its original conditions. stretch report, land o The borrow areas rehabilitation will be ensured as per owner the agreed plan with the landowner. concurrence o Obtained clearance from PIU before handling over the of land site to SRRDA. reversal o PIC to undertake survivability assessment and report to PIU the status of compensatory tree plantation at a stage of completion of construction with recommendation for improving the survivability of the tree if required Hydrology and o Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt shall be done Throughout the Drainage from drainage channels and outlet points before the project section at the monsoon season. location determined o Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing by contractor and encroachments/ congestions shall be regularly approved by PIU conducted 287

SL. Environmental Mitigation Measures Location Additional Compliance Corrective No. Attributes Monitoring status action Indicator if proposed in applicable case of delay Occupational o Directional sight board shall be installed on all sharp Throughout the 3. Health and curves and bends project section at the Safety o At a main road, intersection or crossing “STOP” sign and location determined ‘T-intersection’ warning sign shall be installed on the by contractor and village road. approved by PIU

4. Grievance o Obtaining information from Village level Grievance Each Sample road Redress redress committee, PIU as applicable once.

NOTE: Each report must enclose Photograph to the maximum possible action points, even if work is in progress.

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Appendix 6.1: Public Consultation in Madhya Pradesh

MPRRDA Officials: Name Designation Aniruddh D Kapaley & H. P. Shivhare Chief General Managers Mr A. K. Nagaria General Manager (Tech) In-charge PIU Respective District/Blocks

Villagers District Block Road Name Name of Villagers Ratlam Ratlam Mundri to Sarwani Jagir Kanhaiyalal Patidar, Yadavlal Patidar Indore Ujjain Road to Indore Sanwer Bishnu Patel, Bhim Patel, Mohanlal, Bhim, Liladhar Patel Brahman Khedi Tikamgarh Jatara Road to Ms Sudha Acharkar, Kamla Bai, Babulal, Ram Vilas, Tikamgarh Tikamgarh Laxmanpura Moti Bai Sheela Rani (Sarpanch), Dhanu BAi, Ravishankar, Damoh Tendukheda Samnapur to Jamun Anaar Bai, Shashi Bai Ms Janaki Rani Yadav (Sarpanch), Parshuram Yadav Damoh Damoh MDR(ATP) to Rampura (Panchayat Secretary), Delan Singh Thakur, Mohan Yadav, Vaijayanti Bai Manoj, Liladhar, Ram Pyari, Munni Bai, Shyamlal Patel Damoh Tendukheda L118 To Oriya Mal (Sarpanch) T08-Bhopal Berasiya Munni Bai (Anganwadi worker), Dalpat Singh, Lalit Bhopal Berasiya Road to Pardi Vishwakarma, Kumal Singh Bishnoi (Sarpanch) Sihora Silondi Road to Jabalpur Sehora Rajesh, Bhuramal, Umesh Singh Lodhi, Delan Singh Chhanagawa Ms Bhagwantaa (Sarpanch), Madan Lal, Jagdish, Ratlam Ratlam Dosaigoan to Borana Radheshyam, Chhagan Lal, Ms Ramkanya (Anganwadi worker) Ratlam Ratlam R.S. Road to Nandlai Bangdi Ram (AP), Ashok, Mohan Lal Jain Karan Singh, Ratan Singh, Mohan Lal, Smt Heera Bai Mandsaur Sitamou Sitamou Basai to Lami (Sarpanch) Radheshyam Solanki (Panchayat Secretary), Mohanlal Solanki (Panchayat member) Gaji Khedi Road to Munnalal, Ram Lal, Harikishan, Devi Singh, Ram Sehore Ichhawar Ramgarh Kunwar Amit, Ritesh Parmar, Bharat Parmar, Ankit Parmar, Ms T11-Heerapur Road to Sehore Sehore Ritu Mewra (Sarpanch), Satish Parmar (Panchayat Alampura Secretary), Prahlad Parmar Ms Ram Bai, Jayanti Bai, Jeera Bai, Ms Usha Mishra Jabalpur Jabalpur NH-7 to Dhadra (Sarpanch), Chhotan Singh, Mahendra Singh Prahlad Meena, Dheeraj Painter, Kasturi Bai, Ms Shyam Neemuch Singoli Road to Neemuch Jawad Kala (Sarpanch), Rafique Mohammad Rangrej Gothada (Panchayat Secretary) Indore Ujjian Road to Puran Singh Jat (Sarpanch), Madan Lal Malviya, Azam Indore Sanwer Siloda Bujurg Khan, Rashid Sheikh, Ms Sayeeda Bi Pathan Mandsaur Bypass Road to Ms Pabitra Bai (Sarpanch), Chandra Prakash Baishnav, Mandsaur Mandsaur Aghoriya Lila Bai, Gita Bai, Balram Gulab Singh Tekam, Manoj Agarwal, Ramesh Patel, Hira Jabalpur Jabalpur T05 to Pipariya Patel, Hukum Dube Neemuch Singoli Road to Ms Kanku Bai (Sarpanch), Balram Patidar, Shyamlal, Neemuch Jawad Panoli Sunil Patidar, Sindri Bai Ms Geeta (Sarpanch), Ms Tabassum, Kallu Khan, Ismail, Indore Mhow A. B. Road to Shahda Ms Parveen Bano Ashok Napit (Sarpanch), Prahlad Patel, Ballu Adivasi, Baldevgarh Kakarwaha Tikamgarh Tikamgarh Sarwar Ahirwar, Yashpal Dangi, Vasant Kuswaha, Sarju Road to Atariya Singh, Aman Kuswaha Tikamgarh Baldevgarh Patha-Pathori Road to Mukesh, Gajraj Singh, Kamlesh, Bhagwan Das Lodhi, 289

District Block Road Name Name of Villagers Midawali Bablu Lodhi, Ms Komal Singh, Munnilal Lodhi Choraldam Road to Dhara Singh (Sarpanch), Indu Singh, Naresh Singh, Ms Indore Mhow Buralia Sabita, Ms Sushila, Mukesh Dalauda Digon road to Krishna Patidar, Omprakash Patil (Sarpanch), Rekha Mandsaur Mandsaur Pinda Patidar, Durga Bai, Manju Bai, Kumari Usha Patidar, Mangilal Patidar T11 (Arjunkhedi) to Khejra Mahendra Singh, Khub Singh, Rahguram Singh, Rahup Bhopal Berasiya Ghat Khan, Amol Singh, Ms Ram PyariBai, Ms Kusum Bai T08 (Jherkheda Ghati Dindayal Malviya, Mangi Lal Sharma, Niraj Sehore Sehore Sehore MDR) to Toona Vishwakarma, Ms Vidya Malviya (Sarpanch), Dinesh Khurd Vishwakarma Narayan (Sarpanch), Tulsiram Suryavanshi, Ms Ratlam Jaora Dhatrawada to Kankarwa Shivkanya, Ms Anita, Ram Lal Malviya, Ms Hemlata, Kaushalya Bai Rampura Balachoun Road Shivraj, Bhupendra, Mangilal, Shivraj, Kesar Bai, Rekha Bhopal Berasiya to Goria Sankheda Bai, Dariya Bai