5334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 2 224. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Trans­ 226. Also, petition of the grand knight, 228. Also, petition of the grand knight, St. port Workers Union, CIO Local 260, Houston, Woodhaven Council No. 1866, Knights of Kilian's Council, No. 2204, Knights of Colum­ Tex., petitioning consideration of their resq­ Columbus, Woodhaven, N. Y., petitioning bus, Farmingdale, Long Island, N. Y., peti­ lution with reference to urging enactment consideration of their resolution with refer­ tioning consideration of their resolution of legislation to raise the Federal minimum ence to expressing support of the proposed with reference to expressing support of the wage to $1.25 an hour; to the Committee on Bricker amendment to the Federal Constitu­ proposed Bricker amendment to the Federal tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Constitution; to the Committee on the Judi­ Education and Labor. 227. Also, petition of the grand knight, ciary. 225. Also, petition of the president, Holy Bishop McDonnell Council No. 2324, Knights 229. Also, petition of the grand knight, Name Society of Church of St. Francis of of Columbus, Babylon, Long Island, N. Y., Patchogue Council No. 725, Knights of Co­ Assisi, Brooklyn, N. Y., petitioning considera­ petitioning consideration of their resolution lumbus, Patchogue, N. Y., petitioning con­ tion of their resolution with reference to with reference to expressing support of the sideration of their resolution with reference expressing support of the proposed Bricker proposed Bricker amendment to the Federal to expressing support of the proposed amendment to the Federal Constitution; to Constitution; to the Committee on the Judi­ Bricker amendment to the Federal Constitu­ the Committee on the Judiciary. ciary. tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS ·of REMARKS

Address by Hon. John W. McCormack, of . man ROBERT MOLLOHAN' and Congressman shifts are well known, said, "a political party CLEVELAND BAILEY, distinguished and invited is to be judged by the promises it keeps." Massachusetts, at the Jefferson-Jack­ guests, ladies, and gentlemen, with more I agree with that statement, Mr. Vice Presi­ than one-half of the present administra­ dent, but I go one important step forward­ son Day Dinner, Moundsville, W. Va., tion over, we now have an opportunity of that a political party is also to be judged by April 30, 1955 apJlraising it objectively, whether or not it ·the promises it does not keep. has kept its promises, of evaluating its pol­ And the Republican record of broken icies, as well as the kind of government the promises-for which President Eisenhower EXTENSION OF REMARKS present Republican administration has given must accept full responsibility-is one that OF to our country and our people. is subject to justifiable severe criticism. In connection with the conduct of the Let me refresh your memory and call the HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN Government, we must always bear in mind roll of some of the broken promises. that the first domestic duty of our Govern­ OF WEST VIRGINIA 1. To balance the budget. ment--as so eloquently stated in the pre­ 2. To reduce the national debt. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES amble of the Constitution-is to establish 3. The great crusade. Monday, May 2, 1955 justice. 4. Instant and massive retaliation. This means that the powers of govern­ 5. The new military look. Mr. MOLLOHAN. :Mr. Speaker, under ment are dedicated and should be utilized 6. The liberation of enslaved peoples. permission to extend my remarks I in­ to bring about justice to our people. 7. Cooperative peace. clude a forceful, factual and memorable With the depressed economic conditions of West Virginia, with the large number of 8. Peaceful coexistence. address made by the gentleman from 9. Peace through trade. Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK] at the unemployed in your State, do you think the present Republican administration is per­ 10. Agonizing reappraisal. Jefferson-Jackson Day Dinner held on forming the constitutional mandate of our 11. Trade, not aid. the evening of April 30, 1955 in Mounds­ fathers and bringing justice to the people 12. To unleash Chiang Kai-shek. ville, West Virginia, under the auspices of West Virginia? 13. To meet the problems of distressed la­ of the Marshall County Democratic Despite the efforts of the high-powered bor areas. executive committee. public relations representatives of the big 14. To assure equitable distribution of In a dramatic and challenging presen­ corporations of the country who are oper­ Government contracts to small .and inde­ tation of the administration's many ating in Washington for the Republican pendent businesses. failures to practice what it preaches and Party in an effort to sell President Eisen­ And there are many others. hower and the Republican Party to the peo­ On the question of lack of coordination­ to perform what it promises, Mr. McCOR­ ple, in the same manner as they sell coffee, MACK documented for a spellbound audi­ and of confusion and irresponsibility on a cigarettes, or some other commodity, the high level-all any one has to do is read ence, each broken campaign pledge and people are commencing to catch up with the newspapers of the past few days. the broken promises of the present admin­ dis a vowed promise made to the American It is only a few days ago ·that the Under people since the Republican administra­ istration, of its control and domination by Secretary of State, Herbert Hoover, Jr., after tion took office. big business, and of its failures. a telephone talk with the President--issued With merciless logic, Mr. McCORMACK The record of the Republican administra­ a statement that our Government would not turned the spotlight of fair and objective tion, for which President Eisenhower is re­ negotiate with the Chinese Reds unless four sponsible, is such that I predict with confi­ conditions were met--one of which is the criticism upon the administration's lack dence the election in 1956 of a Democratic of direction and uncertainties in foreign release of American prisoners-and another President--of a Democratic Congress-and that Chiang Kai-shek's government would affairs; upon its dangerous tampering convincing Democratic victories in the sev­ have to participate in any negotiations. with the national security ·through the eral States and political subdivisions of the Nation. For there are millions of Americans A few days later, Secretary Dulles indi­ reductions it has ordered in our armed cated our willingness to negotiate without strength; and upon its cynical catering who voted for the Republican candidate for President in 1952 who now wish they had Chiang Kai-shek or his representatives be­ to the wishes of its big corporation sup­ Harry S. Truman, or some other Democrat in ing present: porters and their high-powered public the White House. These two statements clearly indicate that relations representatives at the expense Despite the efforts of the high-powered they are inconsistent with each other. of the American worker and the average public relations representatives of the big Prepared by the Republicans was a com­ American taxpayer. corporations to pressure the American peo­ plete compilation of our military strength, His audience loved every word of it ple by organized propaganda, that President directly in violation of the position and wish­ and the press has given widespread Eisenhower occupies a lofty, elevated posi­ es of President Eisenhower and Secretary tion, immune from criticism of any kind or Wilson. It is the most complete compilation coverage to the majority leader's speech. of unfavorable comment; and thereby to at­ that I have ever seen. While not so intend­ It should, I believe, become recommended tempt to create in America a political vac­ ed, it is a most valuable document for any reading for all members of this Republi­ uum-the people are awakening and are potential enemy of ours· to possess, such as can administration. They would do properly holding President Eisenhower, as the Soviet Union or Red China. well to take heed of this great American's the leader of his party and as Chief Execu­ If this document had emanated from just indictment of their mismanagement tive, responsible for the policies of the pres­ Democratic sources, the Democrats would be of the Nation's affairs. They might also ent administration-and properly so, because accused of everything under the sun. · do well to borrow a page from his sterling President Eisenhower is responsible-and And yet, while it violates the position of should be held responsible by the people. Charles Wilson, as Secretary of Defense, and record of unstinting, unselfish, unbiased, As the President claims credit for any good also of General Motors fame, as well as other and devoted service to his country: policy, so is he responsible for any unwise fame-as Charles Wilson, the Republican, he Mr. Toastmaster, members of the clergy, and harmful policy. undertook to defend the publication, which my valued friends and colleagues in Con­ In the last campaign in a speech in Bos­ he knew, or ought to know, was not for the gress, Senator MATTHEW NEELY, Congress- ton, Vice President NIXON, whose political best interests of our country. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 5335

It was so bad that even the President, at with reductions in our Navy and our Marine and those who would hurl the world into an­ his press conference a few days ago, termed Corps. other world confiict-it has been the logic, this compilation as a blunder. In the world of today it is better that the judgment, and the voice of these two Is this evidence of coordinated and respon­ we have too much military strength, and not legislator-statesmen speaking out with firm­ sible leadership? It clearly shows lack of need it, than to have too little, and need ness and strength in the national interest of coordination, which leads to irresponsibility. it. our country that has led the way. And that has been the situation that has When one talks as I do the stock-form The leadership of the Democratic Party existed quite generally throughout the past answer one receives is that President Eisen­ ln Congress, as a minority party during the 2% years. hower is a great military leader, and that he past 2 years, and in this Congress as the ma­ These two happenings of current nature knows better than anyone else what mili­ jority party, has been one of supporting and clearly show the lack of leadership of the tary strength we should have. fighting for all measures, both in the field Republican Party in Washington. Respecting as I do his military knowledge of foreign and domestic affairs, that are in You will remember that last year we were and experience, my judgment tells me that the best interests of our people. told that the Navarre plan to save Indochina it is dangerous to rest the safety and security Might I say that our people need have no from the Chinese Reds was foolproof, and of our Nation on the judgment of one man, fear of the united Democratic Party coop­ that it could not fail. In other words, that for he is human, and it is human to err. erating in the field of foreign affairs in a the Communists could not win in Indochina. Suppose the President guesses wrong? real, effective, bipartisan manner. The We know, to our sorrow, the results. Let me remind you that he guessed wrong problem of President Eisenhower on biparti­ in 1953, when he ordered the Truman air We know that a good part of Indochina is sanship ls not with the Democratic Party­ program of 143 air wing groups reduced to lt is with his own Republican Party in Con­ now lost to the Communists; that Vietnam, 120 air wing groups. Cambodia, and Laos are threatened; in fact, gress. We Democrats opposed it. We were ridi­ In this respect the President's problem is all of southeast Asia. culed, despite the fact that the late Gen­ to try and establish bipartisanship between In the national interests of our country, eral Vandenberg, Chief of the United States himself and the conflicting and fighting fac­ we cannot afford to see all of southeast Asia Air Force, took the same position, for put­ tions of his own party. dominated by the Communists, for this could ting our judgment against that of Presi­ result in our own Far Eastern defenses being In his efforts to harmonize the differences dent Eisenhower. within his own party, the President has had outfianked. And yet, one year later, in 1954, President to frequently compromise his views-based In other words, one statement one day, Eisenhower recognized that he had erred; on political considerations involving the dif­ and the opposite the next day or the next and changed his mind, and recommended ferent factions of his own party. month. appropriations for 137 air wing groups. He The Nation is witnessing the inability of It is no wonder that the people are com­ could not be right both years. the President to get the support of his own mencing to catch up with such inconsistent He erred only 2 years ago on the strength party in Congress. In the field of foreign and irresponsible leadership. of our Air Force. He could be wrong now affairs this could result in great harm to It is not difficult to understand why the in the reductions he has ordered in other our country. people last fall again turned to the Demo­ military components. And if he is wrong, For the record indisputedly shows that cratic Party in Congress, and in many States and a confiict comes, the consequences could President Eisenhower does not command the of the Union, for leadership. be dreadful to all of our people. support and allegiance of at least one-half Is it any wonder that the people are going In Washington, we know that at least of the Republican Members of Congress. three of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and a ma­ to turn to the Democratic Party again for Another matter of concern to the people complete leadership in 1956 by the election jority of the National Security Council have recommended against the reductions of our of the country is the big-business control of of a Democratic President, and the reelec­ our Government, as well as the giveaways of tion of a Democratic Congress. Armed Forces. So we have plenty of com­ petent military leaders, who have led armies the resources of the people by this adminis­ In dealing with the gang of international tration to certain vested interests. brigands in the Kremlin and in Peiping we in time of war, differing from the President. In any event, to the Communists this is As we view the Dixon-Yates contract; as must realize that we are dealing with Com­ we view the change in the wise public power munist leaders who are possessed of the evidence of weakness and not of strength. And remember-there ls only one thing policy of the past 20 years; as we view the minds of world killers. They are dedicated intense concentration of economic power in to world revolution and world domination. they heed and that is military strength and its relationship to the laws of self-preserva­ the hands of a few, through giving to some Until they renounce such objectives, de­ corporations far more than their share of spite their soft talk from time to time, they tion. If they are afraid of us they will not at­ defense contracts, through an inequitable are determined to conquer and enslave the tax bill of last year, through lax enforce­ world. tack. If they are not some day they will. ment of the antitrust laws, it is well that For the only thing the Communists re­ The lack of direction and the uncertainty the people of America might feel gravely spect is what they fear; and that is military of the Republican administration in the field concerned about what the present Republi­ strength and power greater than they pos­ of foreign affairs is most noticeable. A can administration has done and is doing. sess themselves. reader of the newspaper can detect that fact. Outside of the few beneficial pieces of We cannot negotiate or deal with them on Is there any one of you who can tell me legislation, such as increased social-security a moral plane, for they have no spiritual what the foreign policy of our country is? coverage, and which was saved by the Dem­ values. They not only deny God, but they We started out with (1) "The Great Cru­ ocrats because they were extensions of Dem­ are fighting Him by attempting to conquer sade," (2) liberating of enslaved peoples, (3) ocratic measures, every action done by the and enslave peoples throughout the world agonizing reappraisal of our foreign policy, present administration has been to give who believe in Him and His law. They know (4) massive and instant retaliation, (5) preference to big business and the big that as long as there is any place in the threatening utterances. And in less than 2. bankers. world free from Communist domination, years we ended up with (A) peace through Under this administration the situation ot where people believe in God, His law, and trade, and (B) peaceful coexistence. the small and independent businessmen, His word, that the Communist ideology will In other words, we have gone from one ex­ who are the backbone of our economic be constantly threatened. They are the pris­ treme to the other. strength, has weakened tremendously. Very oners of an ideology that, in order to suc­ But in this crisis the country was for­ little consideration has been given to pro­ ceed, forces and compels them to attempt to tunate that last year it elected a Democratic tective and strengthening this important conquer and dominate the entire world. Congress. For in the field of foreign affairs segment of our national economy. When We cannot negotiate with them on any the Democratic Party is united. The Re­ the present administration terminated the idealistic level, for they have no ideals. But, publican Party is badly split with bitterness RFC, which had done a lot of good for small there is one level on which we can deal with existing in their ranks. and independent businesses, it established them, and that is on the basis of the law of And frequently in recent months it has in its place the Small Business Administra­ self-preservation. been the Democratic Party in Congress, un­ tion . . But the Republican Congress put lim­ For even the Communists cannot deny the der the leadership of Senator WALTER GEORGE, itations into the law which makes it difficult existence of the law of self-preservation, that of Georgia, who is chairman of the Senate for any real benefits to flow to this im­ it applies to them and their country-just Committee on Foreign Relations; and of portant element of American business. the same as it applies to all others and their Congressman JAMES P. RICHARDS, of South In the extending of this law, which ex­ countries. Carolina, chairman of the House Committee pires in a few months, the Democratic Con­ And it ls only through military strength, on Foreign Affairs-both Democrats, speak­ gress will strengthen it so that real service which they respect through fear; that ne­ ing with logic, wisdom, and experience-who will be rendered to our small and independ­ gotiations on this level can be conducted have saved our country from serious em­ ent businesses. with them. barrassment. One thing is also certain, that so far as It is only military strength which they When the Republican administration does the Democratic Congress is concerned, the fear, that can deter them, because of the not know what to do and is manifesting un­ passage of legislation for the benefit of big fear of the consequences to themselves. certainty bordering at times on confusion­ business and big bankers will not take place, And yet, despite the opposition of General when the Republican administration appears and under a Democratic Congress there will Ridgway, we are sharply reducing our Army, to listen to the voices of both the appeasers be no more legislative giveaways. 533G CONGRESSIONAL RECqRD - HOUSE 1V.lay 2 so that despite the efforts of the press Causes, Effect, and Preventive Treatment and start the soil eroding. These bounc­ to cover up, the people are commenc~ng to M h d f D t St ing particles also start the dust to lif~ i ng realize that the present administration is et 0 s 0 us onns in the air. Tillage and crop practices not representative of the people, but essen­ that do not get the soil in a loose, finely tially is representative of big business. EXTENSION OF REMARKS granulated condition keep the land from In 1954 the people returned in part, OF through the election of a Democratic Con­ blowing. . gress, our Government to the people. The scientists have found that dry­ HON. WILLIAM H. AVERY land sands require at least 4 tons per In order to stop further d am age wh~ch OF KANSAS is taking place through R~pub:ican admin­ acre of wheat stubble to "tie it down" istrative action, not by legislation, the peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES during strong winds. The sands-as op.;. ple will have to complete the job in 1956 Monday, May 2, 1955 posed to sandy soil-normally will not and return the Government to the peopl~. produce that much wheat stubble, so the For a Democratic President and a Democratic Mr. AVERY. Mr. Speaker, dust sands should be "tied down" with per­ Congress meam: a people's Government. storms in the Great Plains recently at­ manent vegetation, Dr. Chepil said. On t h e cold record of this administ rat ion, tracted national attention and prompted Sandy soils require from 1 to 2 tons of it s broken prom ises, of it s failures, of Secretary of Agriculture Benson to tour per acre for almost complete protection i t s domination by big business for the bene­ the area for first-hand information. The fit of big business, of its inability to be a Secretary and our United States Con­ from the high plains winds. Nearly p arty of responsibility, all of which c?mes gress have recognized the gravity of wind always this amount of wheat or sorghum u n der the leadership of President Eisen­ stubble and straw can be produced. hower the people of the count ry are again erosion to farmers and to other indus­ From one-half to 1 ton per acre of turni~g to the Democratic Party for_ that tries of the Great Plains. I should like stubble will almost always protect hard lead er ship in which the Republican P arty to point out that there are great hopes · lands from soil erosion during high has failed. for controlling this damage in the winds. Ther e is no question but what the Demo­ fut ure. The USDA researchers, working with cratic Party would win if we h ad had a EiP-ht years ago the Federal Govern­ President ial election in 1954. m ent, working with the Kansas agricul­ their wind tunnels, derived a formula There is no question but what t he party tural experiment station, starting study­ that indicates how to reduce the erodi­ of stability and r esponsibility is the ~ e~o­ ing this problem scientifically. At that bility of a field to an insignificant cratic Party. With the bitt ern ess existu1:g time, Austin W. Zingg, engineer, and W. amount. With the formula the scien­ among the R epublicans in Congress, it is tists studying three major factors, can· moEt fort unate for our country that the S. Chepil, a soil scientist, were brought to predict quite accurately what is neede.d Democratic P arty is in cont rol of the Con­ the Kansas station to seek scientific an­ to prevent erosion. For example, if gress. With the constru ct ive record o~ the swers to the problems of dust storms. land has no vegetative cover, its sur­ Democratic P arty- dedicated to the _n at1?i;ia1 Zingg was given larger responsibilities interest s of our count ry, and t h e inability face must have 60 percent or more clods with the soil and water branch of the to resist wind erosion. If the land had of t h e R epubl!.can Party .in Congress to ~s ­ Agricultural Research Service. Dr. sume r esp onsibility, I confiden t ly _pr e d -~t Chepil has remained in Kansas on a 1,000 pounds of wheat stubble and tha t the p eople in their wisd om an d m th ~1r straw-about the amount from a 6- sound judgment will again tur n to. t -:1e cooperative basis between the United bushel crop-it would resist strong winds Democratic Part y in 1956 for lea dership in States Department of Agricultural and with only 30 percent to 40 percent of its both the White House and in the Congr ess. the State experiment station. Colorado, Texas, that almose any soil that is not pure gation of Democrats. Each and every one of New Mexico, Oklahoma, Nebraska, and sand can be "tied down" against the them is truly a people's r epresentativ~. The California in their studies. Using these wind. Exploratory tests with V-blade people of West Virginia a~d o~ the different great land-grant institutions speeded the cultivators have been. highly successful congressional districts are Justified in feeling work and saved money.) in the dry soils of the high plains area. proud of the members of their district s in Research is slow and tedious, so we both branches of the Congress. The V-blade works beneath the surface, could not expect the scientists to have undercutting and killing weeds, but it I am particularly proud to see my good the dust storm problems solved by now. friend, Congressman CLEVELAND BAILE~ , here However, they have made remarkable leaves the stubble standing to protect the tonight. I deeply respect him. He is one surface from winds. progress in their research and already A recent discovery by the USDA sci­ of the most courageous Members of our can make some definite recommenda­ national legislative body. entists at K-State is that a farmer can I am particularly pleased to come here at tions on how to reduce dust storms. make his soil more erodible to wind by the invitation of Congressman ROBERT MOL­ In the 8 years, the researcherl? have pulling his "chisel" either too fast or too LOHAN. In his second term in the National fou~d scientific proof that farmers can slow. N. P. vVoodruff and Dr. Chepil apply in the Great Plains to reduce dust House of Representatives, Congressman MOL­ recently found in tests that spe~ds 1 and LOHAN has already made an outstanding storms: 2 on a caterpillar are too slow and that record for himself. He is a member of the First. Vegetation and/ or vegetative speed 5 is too fast. Soil "chiseled" in important Committees on Government Op­ cover are the best protection against soil speeds 3 or 4 resisted the wind consid­ erations and Armed Ser.vices. Both Speaker erosion from wind. erably better. · · P..AYBURN and I have profound respect for Second. Strip-cropping will reduce I should like to emphasize that all this him. Like Congressman CLEVELAND BAILEY erosion by trapping soil near its origin. scientific information has come from the and the other Members of the Hous~ and Third. There are different tillage prac­ work of only a few scientists. At pres­ Senate from West Virginia, Congressman tices suitable for different soils to MOLLOHAN enjoys the confidence of the ent two are on the wind project at roughen the surface, to bring up clods, Kansas State College. The cost of ob­ Speaker and myself. and to maintain stubble, straw, or other As you well remember, our "Mr. Democrat," taining this information is now less than who is Speaker RAYBURN, of the national residue on the soil. $25,000 a year. House of Representatives, addressed you last Soil particles most easily blown are Kansas' share of the emergency funds year. I know that you will always remember about the size of fine sand, sugar, poppy recently allotted this year to alleviate his visit to your midst. When I told him I seed, or salt. That is one-tenth of a dust and drought conditions is 85 times was coming to Moundsville to address a. millimeter in diameter. Tests in a wind that amount-$25,000 compared with Jefferson-Jackson Day rally he asked me to tunnel at Kansas State College and in a $2,125,000. ' particularly conv.ey to you his highest regards portable wind tunnel taken into fields The point I wish to.emphasize is tha~ and fond recollections of his visit here have shown that these particles are the Government could wisely invest more last year. bounced along the surface of the ground in research and education aimed at per- 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5337 manently controlling the dust, ·stabilizing think and that it behooves all of us . to The people con verse In Czech. They all great plains economy, and reducing the leave no stone unturned to protect the know German. A large percentage under­ frequency of such emergencies. rich heritages, the freedoms, and the stands and speak English. But it may not be many years until Russian is the second More research is needed to determine rights of all our American citizenship language here. It is a "must" in the schools. the effects different tillage implements that have been gained for us by the clear And it is a language that a person will have have on different soils and under differ­ thinking, hard work, dedicated service, to learn if he wants to get anywhere in this ent moisture conditions. Information patriotism, and even the supreme sacri­ particular sphere under present conditions. on this subject is fragmentary and inade­ fice of life itself by our forefathers. All trade that amounts to anything is quate. Mr. Speaker, Robert C. Dix and his with the East. Skoda at present is making Whether deep plowing is beneficial or wife, Helen, have written many stories a large number of powerplants, big and little, not needs to be determined scientifically. for their newspaper as a result of their for Red China. Grains are coming back in return. More information is needed on the in­ extensive tour of Europe and Russia. All of America's 48 States are making their ftuence of type, quantity, and position of Each of these stories is well worth read­ contributions to our fine foreign service. I crop residue. ing. I am happy to join my good friend met a person, Albert Sherer, here with a Virtually no information is available and colleague, Congressman OLIVER P. Wooster, Ohio, background. on the relative effectiveness of stand­ BOLTON, in requesting unanimous consent He came to the foreign service from the ing stubble compared with stubble that that the attached three stories by Pub­ Air Force after the war and has specialized has been knocked down by tillage. lisher Robert C. Dix and his wife, Helen, in the satellite countries. All of these career An expanded research program is be printed herein for the information of men know the language of the area in which they are to serve before they go there. needed dealing with climatic factors. the Members and also as illustrative of Rather descriptive of the situation here We need to know more about wind ve­ their keen observations of these impor­ was the way in which we held a conference locity and direction, temperatures, and tant situations. with our ambassador at the embassy. We all rainfall. They are the principal fac­ [From the Ravenna-Kent (Ohio) Record­ entered the spacious living room. Aides tors that inftuence erosion. Many of the Courier of April 7, 1955) closed the doors and stood guard in front of presently unsolved mysteries of winds, CZECHOSLOVAKIA UNHAPPY LAND UNDER TIGHT them. And then, just before we began to temperatures, and rainfall as they apply COMMUNIST RULE talk, another aide turned on a sound jam­ to farming conditions in the Great Plains ming machine that would negate the efiec· (By Robert C. Dix) tiveness of any listening device that might be and elsewhere can be solved in research PRAGUE, March 29.-I am writing this article planted there. laboratories and fields. in the seclusion of my room here at Hotel All of the native employees at the embassy Alcron and I shall not mail it until I am out­ come from a central source. And they all side the Iron Curtain area. As it unfolds, are approved by the Communist government you will see why. before they are permitted to work there. The Threat of Communism This is an unhappy land. Everybody eats here. Everybody works. But the standard is low in this one-time high standard country [From the Ravenna-Kent (Ohio) Record­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS and hope of better things, a little economic Courier of March 30, 1955] OF independence perhaps, has all but faded ALONG THE WAY away. (By Helen Dix) HON. PAUL F. SCHENCK · People can listen to Voice of America and OF OHIO Radio Free Europe in spite of the rather com­ ATHENS. - Gracious Queen Fredericka winked at my husband, and like any tactful IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plete jamming. And the police don't object if you do listen, but they do object if YC>U talk ·woman, probably though "how I love that Monday, May 2, 1955 about it or in any way pass on the informa­ man for changing the subject." The subject tion: But many have quit listening anyway. was "Cyprus" a red-hot but embarrassing Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Speaker, our It's liike passing in front of a candy store question here in Athens and one which this good friend and colleague, Congressman every day with no money in your pockets. editor's tour, having been, as they say, OLIVER P. BOLTON, of Ohio's 11th District, Finally you come to the deadening realiza­ "brain-washed," wished it could forget. has called my attention to a series of tion that the candy is not for you. Then you All this happened during the most exciting timely articles on world events written by quit looking. Finally you go to the other side moments of my life or, as other members of of the street. Maybe some day you'll even the party agreed, the most exciting moments Robert C. Dix, publisher of the Ravenna­ of the trip so far. Those moments stretched Kent (Ohio) Record-Courier, and his forget that it's there. Political control is complete. If you're to more than 1 hour and 15 minutes while we wife, Helen, who have just returned from young and coming up in the world, it doesn't were being received by their royal majesties an extensive tour of Europe and Russia. take long to learn that getting ahead means "King Paul and Queen Fredericka, rulers of Mr. Speaker, our good friend and col­ playing the game. And if you really want to the Hellenes." league, Congressman OLIVER P. BOLTON, get ahead, it means getting into or close The wink, now famous especially in the has been il1 for the past several weeks. I association with the party somehow. Dix family, was a result of Bob's quick think­ am happy to report that he is now feeling But membership in an area already taken ing in changing the subject from Cyprus much better and it is expected, by his over is low and exclusive. If you have any when one editor blundered into the subject physicians, that he will soon be back with kind of a record-like if your parents were in a conversation with the queen. Her wink bourgeoisie-it's almost impossible. betrayed her gratefulness to my gallant hus­ us again carrying his full share of our Leaving the country now is exceedingly band for saving her from the Cyprus situa­ important responsibilities in his usual difficult. Some do. Some die trying. Others tion. able and conscientious manner. His ill­ are just sitting it out, making the best of What does a mousy little· midwestern ness was caused and precipitated by the it and trying to get along. On them the housewife do when she goes "to visit the complete and full way in which he dedi­ heavy propaganda is, if it isn't penetrating, queen"? First she has misgivings about her cated himself to the service of his con­ at least anesthetizing in its effect. · clothes • • • but assured that street attire gressional district and our en,tire Nation. Travel is, of course, restricted to Czecho­ is correct she dons her best "party-go-to­ We wm all be glad to welcome him back slovakia. A person can't travel even between PTA-meeting gown," makes sure gloves are the satellites. He must remain within his white and spotless, takes a couple of doubt­ and wish for him a lifetime of good own "concentration camp," as one person ful extra glances in the mirror, then because health and opportunity for service. In described it to me. her husband screams she is late, rushes from the meantime, I consider it a privilege to Some day, perhaps, everybody will be suffi­ her hotel room convinced this whole trip is join with Congressman OLIVER P. BOLTON ciently conditioned to be trusted. a mistake. and in his behalf to point out the follow­ What effect the latest turn to heavy indus­ With the 28 other tour members (seven ing to the Members of the House. try will have on this little satellite, no one women) the housewife walks past the gaily Mr. Speaker, these stories, excep­ knows. At present consumer goods are fairly dressed guard at the palace gate for about tionally well written by Mr. and Mrs. plentiful, by Iron Curtain standards, but no­ 200 feet. Here is the palace entrance, unas· Robert Dix, out of their own personal where close to the standards that this once suming door, tiny vestibule where we deposit highly developed area knew. Prices are high. our coats and cameras. Up one flight of blue and keen observations furnish us, as But since there is no incentive to save any­ carpeted circular stairs, across a formal Members of Congress, extremely help­ thing, people spend what little they have. marble hall to an anteroom, also carpeted ful information in our quest for knowl­ Book stores, carrying their propaganda. with royal blue and furnished in lovely beige edge about the threat of communism. message, stand out in the downtown shop­ Americanish furniture. They prove an over again, Mr. Speaker, ping district. There were at least 6 or 8 The little tinkling chimes of a clock had that it may well be much later than we within a 4-block area. not completed their twelfth stroke when the 5338 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE May 2 ••master of ceremonies" beckoned to the It's the system. And even that ls difficult One thing I kept looking for was some evi­ Queen's lady-in-waiting, the King's naval to put into words. Perhaps the best way to dence of civil defense. War, if it ever attache, United States Ambassador and Mrs. understand it is to use their own words. comes, will obliterate a populace that has no Cannon, then our group to follow. Across Government, to them, is a thing, an insti­ civil defense program. the white marble hall, up the broad blue tution, apart. At Leningrad on the way out There may have been some. I didn't see carpeted stairs to the first landing. There we picked up a couple of American students it. But, of course, the Moscovites have their we were literally overcome by the most who had had a better opportunity to talk to subway system. It's over 65 kilometers long heavenly fragrance I ever expect to smell the average Russian than we had. Always and is as much as 200 feet below the surface • • • the hall is apparently kept perfumed the Russians expressed affection for the at points. and we seven women couldn't sniff enough. American people. Too bad, they would al­ Besides being a good transportation sys­ At the door of the royal apartment stood ways say, that our Government ·is so war­ tem and having civil defense possibilities, Ambassador Cannon, who shook our hand mongerish and so imperialistic. it's also sort of an art gallery. ·then eased us to the Queen. We had been They would always look bewildered and Each of the 41 stations tell a story. At instructed to shake hands with their unbelieving when a person would try to ex­ the Station of the Revolution, the entire Majesties (don't curtsey, you might fall) plain that our Government was the people. struggle of the Russian people is told in pic­ then state your name, hometown, and State, At Intourist one day, I was trying to ex­ tures on th~ ceilings. · verly clearly. I took a deep gulp of air as I plain to Mr. Rogov, the head of that depart­ What are my conclusions to all this? Even took the Queen's hand and my name came ment, that we would like to meet some Rus­ the fuzziest of thinkers must have a few out beautifully but with the King I didn't sian officialdom, that we would like to see after an adventure of this type. They are: get the deep gulp of air and it just squeaked something besides a works project, some­ 1. On the possibility of change, nothing at out. (The Illinois editor's wife in front of thing human. We got onto the same subject. the people's level. At the palace level, me later confessed that nothing came out of Too bad, he said, that our Government was changes will continue until power gravi­ her mouth to the King • • • the saliva just delaying on an exchange of farm experts. tates to one person again. stuck, she wailed.) The American people wanted the exchange, 2. The future? Well, the system holds From then on it was a lark, many uni­ he was sure. But the Government would close to a billion persons within its iron formed waiters served a delicious little bev­ never permit it. grip. Only Tito has successfully broken erage and trays and trays of heavenly tidbits, I told him that if the American people away. He did so because he had the strength the King and Queen moved with ease from wanted it, the exchange would take place. to ward off an initial blow and because we group to group and within seconds we were The Government is the servant of the people, stepped forward to provide him with needed all old friends, laughing, chatting and loving I tried to explain. assistance. their Majesties. But the thought didn't make a dent. Ot her satellites do not have the strength The Queen is all charm, beauty and brains. Thirty-seven years of obedience and condi­ or the will of a Tito. And all of the means She is thinner than pictures in the United tioning in a complete public opinion vacuum of implementation of any such ideas are States showed her, due no doubt to the two leave their mark. They have resulted in the within the control of the faithful. severe ear operations she has undergone this evolution of a tremendous human force un­ Unlike the absolute authorities of old, winter. Both were successful. der the unchallenged authority of nine men these modern ones don't ignore the people Her stories, her humor, her timing• • •all in the Kremlin. completely to the point that they will face were excellent. She has a most eager and No other place does human history record guns with pitchforks. They try to mold the exciting catch to her voice as she tells of so much power in the hands of so few. force, keeping it above subsistence level and "kidding" the doctors about her "thick Those were almost the exact words of our then working constantly on its mentality, skull" during her ear operations, or telling Ambassador, Mr. Bohlen, who briefed us him­ winning it over completely or deadening it of the wonderful work done by Boy Scouts self on the country. to the inactive stage. during the war or talking of her three chil­ If you can imagine a group of nine men in 3. What about war? It's on now. It's at dren or of America. the United States running everything here, the propaganda stage. Very hot there. They Both she and the King hope to bring their including the United States Steel Co., the will try hard to win it at that level. We children to America for a summer vacation aut o factories, all of the other great indus­ must not only counter but try to win it tour soon. tries, the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the there, too. There's also the economic phase. What did the Queen wear? Her dress was newspapers and the radio, all Government They would like to break us by developing a simple green jersey with a small black functions and everything else, you might all the world's resources and people. That leather cord detail at the neck held by gold . come close to some comprehension as to the we can't allow to happen either. bu,ckles at each side. She wore black alliga­ power, the aloofness and the necessary ruth­ 4. The length of the struggle? A long tor pumps. Around her neck was a single lessness of the government. one. strand of large pearls which held a large There is also nowhere a tighter security in diamond-studded pendant and an uncut the world than at the Kremlin. There are ruby. She wore 4 bracelets, 2 gold and no leaks there. jade on the right arm, 2 gold and dia­ Their Achilles heel so far ls their agricul­ Seventh Anniversary of Israel's mond, matching her necklace on the left. ture. They have industrialized their country She wore 5 rings, 2 matching her necklace. at the expense of the· peasantry. They are Independence Her hair cut informally is black and brushed trying now to get agriculture back on its into a short mass of curls. feet. One of their b iggest gambles is putting EXTENSION OF REMARKS The King, a handsome man (tall enough to the plow 66 million virgin acres of prairie to come from Texas, one Texan in the party land, which in size is as large as all of the OF told him) wore a uniform with five rows of arable land in France and Italy. HON. WILLIAM A. BARRETT decorations and a large gold cross hung mid­ If their gamble works, look out. way on his coat. He talked of sports and Russia has a dictatorship without a dic­ OF PENNSYLVANIA good times in America and sorrowfully of tator. The experts seem to think that a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES communism. new one will, in time, emerge. Probably Monday, May 2, 1955 When after more than an hour and 15 Khrushchev. minutes elapsed the King and Queen walked Something like this takes a lot of policing. Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, on May down the stairs with us to pose for pictures That they have. One of the highlights of 14, 1948, the State of Israel proclaimed and when the photographer motioned us my visit in Moscow was meeting Joyce Mar­ its independence, and today, April 27, closer the Queen chuckled, "Shall we· sing shall, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Leon Mar­ for you, too?" 1955, her people are celebrating this mo­ shall. An old hand at being arrested, she was mentous event. As we filed past to shake hands again in detained once for several hours. She told me goodby Their Majesties repeated time and she would show me what a member of the I am proud to count myself among the again, "Do come back to see us," and we, .police force looks like. So we went for a many American supporters and well­ like next-door neighbors, begged them to walk in sqme of the little streets away from wishers of Israel who join on this occa­ come to America to see us all, too. .the wide boulevards. It wasn't long until . sion in felicitating its people upon at­ our follower was visible to the disccaning tainment of another milestone in their [From the Ravenna-Kent (Ohio) Record­ eye. · . thrilling history. . Courier of April 11, 1955) He stopped when we stopped, always about In an area no larger than the State of a half a block behind. She is often followed New Jersey, Israel's 1,600,000 inhabitants, RUSSIAN PEOPLE LIKE AMERICANS-KREMLIN when she goes out. Most embassy people are. ~S TIGHT GRIP They get used to it. surrounded by enemies on three sides (By Robert c. Due) But if a person is inclined to let things and the sea on the fourth, have written STocKHOLM.-it•s a relief to leave Russia. like that worry him, he ought not to accept in these 7 years an epic of indomitable And that's nothing against the Russian an assignment in Moscow. courage and inspiring ingenuity that people. Individually, so far as the ones we Whether or not any of our newsmen were parallels the early struggles of our own met are concerned, they're just ordinary fpllowed, I don't knaw. We were mostly Republic. human beings like you and me. Same hopes shepherded around in a group anyway. We There, at the ancient crossroads of and same fears. probably were not. the Old World, men women, and children 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE 5339 who fled from tyranny, persecution and alent in recent years throughout almost the the Government without proper authority concentration camps, have made new entire Nation. Every year since 1950, the and good cause. headway in their mighty efforts to build governors of 47 of the 48 States have officially .. No person shall be held to answer for any designated May 1, or a day very near to it, as major crlme without review and indictment a bastion of democracy in the Middle Loyalty Day. by a grand jury. East. Patriotic organizations from time to time No person shall ever be placed in double From the streams and mountains of have urged an even more wide-spread recog­ Jeopardy for the same crime. Galilee, through the stony hills of Judea nition of this day. In many places through­ No person shall be compelled to act as a. and the arid area of the Negev, to the out the United States, May 1 has been chosen witness against himself in any criminal case. fertile coastal plain these pioneer peo­ as the particular day for the celebration of If a person is accused of crime, he has the ple have la:bor~d to wrest a living from Loyalty Day to offset the many May Day t"ight to a speedy trial; the right to the help soil which yields mainly citrus fruits, but rallies held on May 1 under Communist <>f a lawyer; the right to trial by jury, im­ auspices. partially selected; and the right to call wit­ nothing of .mineral wealth or fuel. The real purpose of Loyalty Day, it seems nesses in his favor. It has been well said that Israel's to me, is to provide an opportunity to rededi­ . No wife may be required to testify against greatest natural resource is its people. cate ourselves to the American way of·Ufe, to her husband, or vice versa, in any criminal They have developed industry where­ reaffirm for all the world to see our devotion proceeding. none flourished before, utilizing the to the principles underlying that way of life, Private property may not be taken for mechanical and inventive skills of crafts­ and to deepen our loyalty to the principles .public use without just compensation and men from all parts of Europe. Industry set forth in the American Bill of Rights, the due process of law. and crafts, indeed, have become the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Excessive bail may not be required, nor Seldom if ever in the history of the United excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un­ leading economic factor; agriculture States has our way of life been as seriously usual punishment inflicted. second. threatened by an alien philosophy from be­ Every person is presumed to be innocent But the new nation's greatest need­ yond our shores. This alien philosophy, of until he is proved guilty. its exports boycotted by its immediate course, is world communism. It is the sworn The right of the individual to vote, and to neighbors.-is for trade abroad to bring enemy of every principle which has under­ vote secretly, cannot be abridged. an inflow of dollars to buy raw materials girded our national life in all of our history. Every person has the right to the protec­ for its own necessities and for processing It is implacable, malevolent, and unrelenting tion of habeas corpus, which gives anyone in its determination to destroy us. The who claims to be unlawfully held by an of­ and resale to others. United States is at one and the same time ficer or private person the right to have a The progress Israel has made so far, the greatest objective in communism's pro­ hearing at once so that he may know the be it remembered, has been achieved in gram of world conquest and the greatest bar­ rearnn why he is being held. This means the midst of an une::i,sy truce with the rier in its path to domination of the world. that the Government of the United States Arab nations which, after all these years, What are some of the qualitiei:; and prin­ cannot either secretly or openly arrest per­ are still unreconciled to its existence. ciples which characterize the American way sons as individuals or groups, throw th€m It is to be fervently hoped that the of life and the American Bill of Rights­ into prisons or concentration camps, hold United Nations, which is struggling with qualities and principles to which I urge them there indefinitely and do what it the issues, may yet find a solution that every citizen to rededicate him.self this year pleases to them. on Loyalty Day? Congress can pass no ex post facto law. the contestants may ere long agree Our American way of life rests on two This means that in our daily living and upon the proposal for harnessing the fundamental principles which guide our day­ thinking we can enjoy the liberty of doing lifegiving waters of the Jordan. to-day thoughts and actions, and which and saying all that the existing law per­ Then Israel would not need to work clearly distinguish our system from all to­ mits. Even if at a later date our Govern­ with one hand and a gun in the other; talitarian systems, whether they be Nazi, ment makes these things illegal, it cannot peace would indeed settle upon the Holy Fascist, Communist, or any other. date back the law to make illegal anything Land; once more would milk and honey The first of these principles is the im­ that was done before the law was passed. flow there, and the vision of a Promised portance of the individual, the foundation Treason against the United States consists of all our other beliefs. It guarantees to each only in levying war against our country, Land, now spiritually and politically person the undisputed right to personal free­ adhering to her enemies, or giving them aid fulfilled, could become an economic fact. dom and dignity, _and to equality before the and comfort. No person can be convicted This is my anniversary wish for Israel. law. In the words of the Declaration of In­ of treason except on the testimony of two dependence, "We hold these truths to be witnesses to the same overt act, or upon self-evident, that all men are created equal, confession in open court. This precise defi­ that they are endowed by their Creator with nition in the Constitution prevents any pos­ certain unalienable right, that among these Loyalty D~y, May 1, 1955 sibility of the slightest criticism of the are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi­ ·Government being branded as treason, as ness." These ringing words leave no doubt well as prohibiting secret trials and giving EXTENSION OF REMARKS as to how the Founding Fathers felt about accused persons no opportunity to confront OF the worth and the dignity of the individual. witnesses. Since the drafting of the Declaration of These then are the rights which we enjoy HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD Independence and the writing of the Con­ as citizens of the United States and which OF PENNSYLVANIA stitution, the American people have been are part and parcel of our American way of wise enough to realize that although under IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES life. It is altogether right and proper there­ our system the worth and the dignity of the fore, that we should review their significance Monday, May 2, 1955 individual are fully recognized, certain rock­ in the observance of Loyalty Day. A discus­ bottom rules must be established to give life Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, under sion of our rights as individuals, however, of and meaning to the concept of the individu­ necessity must take into account our respon­ leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ al's worth and dignity. Accordingly, in the sibilities to the group, and these responsi­ ORD, I include the fallowing address on Bill of Rights to our Constitution, and in bilities are the second fundamental. prin­ the· occasion of· the observance of Loy­ other important documents as well, there are ciple which guide our day-to-day thoughts alty Day, a day set aside by joint reso­ laid down certain basic rights to accomplish ·and actions. this purpose. These rights are the ·main­ lution of the Congress of the ·urnted In a large socie~y such as we have here iii springs of our -..American way_ of llfe. They States to enable Amerieans -everywhere the United States, the interests of. individuals can ~ "8ummarlzed- brlefi.y in ~he ·f9llowing are bound to clash fr0m 'time to t!me.- It to rededicate themselves .to ·the ·fine paragraphs. ideals and spiritual values inherent and iS at this point that responsibility to the Every person is free to worship according group enters the picture. The individual, practiced in the greatest Nation in the to the manner dictated by his conscience. while exercising his own freedoms, must not world-the United States of America. We enjoy freedom of speech and freedom deprive others of their freedoms. Freedom Moreover, it is a day designed to offset of the press, including the right to criticize does not imply unrestrained or irresponsible the May Day rallies held under Com­ our Government and our public officials. action. Group responsibility requires that munist auspices. The right of the people to assemble peace­ no individual be permitted to bring harm to The address fallows: ably and to petition the Government for a other people. Freedom of speech, !or exam­ redress of grievances, whether fancied or real, LoYALTY DAY, MAY 1, 1955 ple, gives no one the right to shout "Fire" in is guaranteed. a crowded theater or restaurant. (By Hon. DANIEL J. FLOOD) . We have the right to keep and to bear Group responsibility means giving full The Congress by joint resolution has desig­ arms, though this right is frequently lim­ obedience to the laws under which the indi­ nated May 1, 1955, as the date for the ob­ ited by Federal, State, or local laws and reg­ vidual lives, since they were made by duly servance of Loyalty Day here in the United ulations. authorized representatives of the group. I! States. In so acting, Congress is giving rec­ We are protected against unreasonable a particular person dislikes a certain law, ognition to a custom which has become prev- search and seizure of person and property by he can criticize it and make every effort to 5340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 2 change or repeal lt by constitutional means. a solid, substantial, and dependable citi­ m ·an, the exuberant spirit that shown in But while that law remains in force, no zen. Upon his retirement, Col. Joseph H. his countenance, in his handclasp, and in person can break it without expecting to Cosby became president, and he is carry­ his every word. incur whatever penalty is involved. Like many a student since, he took de­ Group responsibility means that each man ing on in the finest and highest tradi­ light in healthy competition-and no doubt ls responsible for his family and loved ones. tions. I take this oppartunity of publicly tremendously enjoyed contributing to the He must provide for them and ensure their commending the services of these distin­ 42-0 football victory over my alma mater, well-being. It means, furthermore, that the guished Virginians as well as those who William and Mary, in his first game back in individual bears responsibilities to his com­ are now and have been associated with 1899. He had the same enthusiasm for base­ munity, his church, and other groups which them. ball and basketball, in which he also work for the good of all. Lastly, but per­ The address follows: excelled. haps of paramount importance, group re­ In fact, there was no activity in which sponsibility means the willingness of all of ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM M. TUCK DELIVERED he engaged that he was not enthusiastic and us to bear arms in the defense of our country. AT HARGRAVE MILITARY ACADEMY AT THE intensely interested. But the underlying These, then, are the rights and responsi­ UNVEILING AT THE PORTRAIT OF THE LATE theme of his life early became apparent and bilities which are the warp and woof of the DR. T. RYLAND SANFORD APRIL 23, 1955 he was still a student when he began preach­ American way of life. They are the bulwark Colonel Cosby, ladies and gentlemen, I am ing at Branch's Church in Chesterfiield which protects our way of life from such grateful for the invitation to be here today County. He solved the transportation ques­ abuses and totalitarian excesses as are suf­ and to have the privilege of participating in tion by commuting between campus and fered by the oppressed peoples behind the this merited tribute to the late Dr. Thomas church by bicycle--another typical example Iron Curtain by governments imposed upon Ryland Sanford, the founder of Hargrave of his self-reliance and ingenuity in meet­ them by force. Military Academy. I have come in obedience ing problems as they arose. Dr. Sanford Loyalty Day presents a splendid opportu­ to that invitation to pay this public tribute was ordained in 1902 and left school to serve nity for all American citizens once again to of respect to one who has answered that final three Chesterfield churches-Branch's, Gill pledge themselves to the principles which summons to which every ear shall some day Grove, and Second Branch. Needless to say, have made our Nation the finest example of harken and all mortality obey, a beloved the salary of the pastor was not excessive. freedom, justice, and opportunity the world schoolteacher and preacher to whom I am But Ryland Sanford knew his economics as has yet seen. If we do pledge ourselves and greatly indebted, and a long-time friend well as his religious teachings and saved continue to do so, we, as our Founding whose memory I shall ever cherish. enough to complete his education. Dr. San­ Fathers did in 1787, will also "form a more Dr. Sanford was born 75 years ago in West­ ford possessed in a preeminent degree all of perfect Union, establish justice, insure do­ moreland County, Va., near Montross. His the qualities of a successful businessman mestic tranquillity, provide for the common unfortunate and untimely death occurred on Had he turned his attention in that direc~ defense, promote the general welfare, and April 8, 1952. tion no doubt he would have also made a secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves Although I had first met him at my home splendid success in that field. and our posterity." in Halifax County where he had come to en­ He was a lifter, not a leaner. He believed roll me as a student in this institution, it in giving, not receiving. He believed in hon­ was here at Hargrave Military Academy (then est pay for a day's work, and vice versa. He Chatham Training School) that I first knew was not spoonfed or pink pilled. His powers him. came from struggle, effort, and determina­ The Late Dr .. T. Ryland Sanford From that ·ume on, until he delivered his tion. He was reared in the atmosphere of last sermon after more than one-half century that period of our history known as the EXTENSION OF REMARKS in the Baptist ministry and came to the end "tragic era" when . our southland had been of his labors here on earth, I was among the overrun by an overpowering army; our fields OF many thousands who held this devoted edu­ impoverished; our resources exhausted; and cator and consecrated churchman in the our manpower depleted. Despite the handi­ HON. WILLIAI\1 M. TUCK highest esteem and affection. Few men in caps imposed by such conditions and others OF VIRGINIA the history of Virginia have wielded a wider unspeakably horrible, men of his generation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and more wholesome influence over the lives rebuilt Virginia and made it the great Com­ of their contemporaries. It was a high privi­ monwealth it is today, standing as she does­ Monday, May 2, 1955 lege to have come under his beneficent in­ proudly at the top of the sisterhood of Mr. TUCK. Mr. Speaker, under leave fluence and guidance, and to have the oppor­ States-able to chart its own course, unen­ to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I tunity of basking in the warmth of his great cumbered by bonded indebtedness and con­ include a copy of an address I delivered mind and radiant personality on many occa­ tributing its full share to the support and sions through the course of the long years maintenance of the national structure. It at Hargrave Military Academy, Chat­ which intervened during our acquaintance. is worthy to note, too, that this was accom­ ham, Va., on April 23, 1955, at the un­ Dr. Sanford was the son of the Reverend plished without the .aid of any Marshall plan, veiling of the portrait of the late Dr. T. and Mrs. Millard Fillmore Sanford. His Federal aid, giveaway programs, or tech­ Ryland Sanford. father was a distinguished consecrated Bap­ nical assistance. Dr. Sanford was a devoted and conse­ tist minister, and his mother was a lovely In 1903 he accepted a pastorate in Buck­ crated churchman, an outstanding edu­ lady of the highest character and attain­ ingham County where he first became widely cator of great note who wielded a wide ments. I likewise had the privilege of taking known, having conducted a great revival at classes under both of them and through Old Sharon Church. In addition to his and wholesome influence in Virginia. those and later associations came to know, other outstanding qualities, Dr. Sanford For more than one-half century he was understand, and appreciate the sterling qual­ was blessed with an impressive and com­ prominent in the work of the Baptist de­ ities so characteristic of the entire Sanford manding personal appearance. He was tall nomination and distinguished himself in family. and strong and robust. He was handsome. the ministry. He was an alumnus of the Early in his boyhood, he left the Northern His face radiated those intangible but incal­ University Of Richmond, where his ath­ Neck when his father moved to a pastorate culable values which constitute courage, letic prowess, his manly traits, and no­ in Burkeville, and it was only in the sunset character, and manhood. He looked and bility of character are the source of leg­ of life that he finally came back to reside acted the part of a leader. He had a com­ in the midst of the memories he had nur­ plete knowledge and use of the English lan­ ends and will ever be appreciated. Un­ tured from childhood. During the long in­ guage. He enunciated clearly and beauti­ der his leadership Chatham Training terval, he frequently returned for visits and fully. His words fl.owed freely and with fa­ School, at Chatham, Va., was established the fishing trips which he enjoyed to the cility and ease. He was a speaker of great in September 1909. It later became and fullest. But he once remarked he never force and when he released the full powers is now known as Hargrave Military would have gotten back to stay had it not of his oratory, which seemed at times to be Academy. It is a fine Baptist institution, been for the affliction which forced him into unbounded, he could stir, move and con­ and I was privileged to be a student there partial retirement. However, that affliction trol his congregation. These were naturai never diminished his interests or dimmed talents and blessings with which he was en­ while Dr. Sanford was president. He the broad horizon, encompassed by his ex­ dowed and which enabled him to be such an enjoyed the high admiration, the con­ ceptionally acti've mind. effective influence for good in every commu­ fidence, and the esteem of all who knew Much of his colorful career and certainly nity in which he labored. him. I had for him the warmest per­ many of his principal interests were asso­ From Buckingham County he moved to sonal afiection. ciated with this academy, the University the Memorial Baptist Church at Hampton, Col. A.H. Camden succeeded Dr. San­ of Richmond, and the Baptist Church. His and then to Chatham in 1908. It was here ford as president of Hargrave Military athletic prowess at the University of Rich­ that he contributed 10 fruitful years to his Academy and served eminently in that mond is the source of legends which right­ church and the people of Virginia. capacity for approximately 40 years. He fully should never fade. But it was not as When he heard the Warren Training an athlete alone that he won the hearts School might close, Dr. Sanford with his cus­ is now connected with Hargrave on an of his fellow students, his teachers and the tomary energy and enthusiasm, decided that emeritus basis. Colonel Camden is an thousands who came to know him. It was the Baptists should have a school of their outstanding southside Virginia educator, primarily the spiritual magnetism of the own. Under his leadership they established 1955 CONGRESSIONAL "RECORD - HOUSE 5341 one and in September 1909 Chatham Train­ It ts highly appropriate that his portrait dent. As qualifications for his inquires ing School opened its first session with 18 should be hung here, the scene of so much in this field he had the background of students and Thomas Ryland Sanford as of his valuable labor, and from whose founder and first president. Mr. J. Hunt sheltered walls so many young men have a lifetime of study, an extensive naval Hargrave, a deacon in the Chatham Baptist gone forth with unbounded hope and oppor­ experience, and a wide knowledge of Church, and his father were coleaders in this tunity to meet the challenging problems the merchant marine. Moreover, it was undertaking and it was the younger Har­ of life made strong and confident because through Representative Bradley that I grave' s great contribution to the school of the principles instilled in them here. A first became seriously interested in the which led to the change in name in 1925 to great philosopher once said that the found­ canal subject, for which service I shall Hargrave Military Academy. ing of an institution is like the well spring always be grateful. Dr. Sanford, who saw the school grow from of a stream-the small beginnings of which As a fellow member of the Committee that modest beginning to essentially its pres­ ar3 indeed plain to all, but the full, ultimate ent status, was more than president. He was and expansive powers and infiuence only on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, we a teacher, coach, and companion to his boys, the omniscient can discern. We know that worked in close association. Early in of whom I was privileged to be one. He Hargrave Military Academy has deepened 1947, he became keenly aware of the supervised and worked with the boys--in and expanded its infiuence everywhere, and Isthmian Canal studies under Public Law those early days in clearing the 28-acre site it is the fervent hope and prayer of many 280, 79th Congress, then in progress. f.or the expansion which he was sure would that it may never wane. In his search for information he did not come. Joy and sorrow are closely intermingled restrict himself to routine officials tem­ I shall never forget the experience of my in this busy world of ours. Sometimes the student days here. I learned many valuable porarily serving as administrators of happinesss incident to the birth of a pre­ the canal enterprise, but sought advice lessons the hard way. In those days de­ cious baby is shadowed and saddened by the merits were positive, tangible things, and death of its mother. And frequently on the from all responsible sources. For ex· some of the most lasting lessons I have ever highway of life the bridal procession must ample, he arranged with Secretary of learned came about by the impartial and tarry while the funeral train passes by. the Navy James Forrestal for a presenta· firm discipline dispensed by this great man Today we come with grief and sorrow that tion on the operational problems of the who recognized that knowledge and charac­ a life fraught with so much good should Panama Canal held in the Navy Depart­ ter were not to be instilled and cultivated be so suddenly cut off from amongst us, ment on March 14, 1947, for the entire by association alone, but by hard work, dis­ but in our chastened refiections we can dis­ cipline, self-denial, and determination. Committee on Merchant Marine and cern echoes of counsel and encouragement Fisheries. These principles were inculcated by the because we are filled with gratitude and methods he applied and the example which appreciation for the example of such a Later, as a leading member of a con· he set. life as that of Thomas Ryland Sanford, gressional visitation in the Canal Zone South Boston, Fredericksburg, Norfolk, which should animate us all to a higher in April of that year he was most effec· and Luray were subsequent pastorates for and renewed consecration to worthy and tive. Thereafter, he rapidly assumed Dr. Sanford before arthritis seriously handi­ unselfish devotion to the ·principles which he the status of congressional spokesman on capped him in 1941. Six years later he re­ espoused and for which he stoutly stood. canal matters, and had the opportunity turned to his beloved Northern Neck to serve Through the lives of many individuals four more churches and finally to conclude of consulting many independent experts. who came within the great expanse of his Among the most comprehensive treat· his more than 50 years of outstanding serv­ infiuence, the people of Virginia have reaped ice to his fellow man. meants of the interoceanic canal prob­ It was characteristic of the man that he an enormous benefit. And through them lem in the records of the Congress is a never considered himself, but only those he and the unnumbered generations to follow his magnificent contribution to his people notable address by Representative Brad· was in position to help, whether in ·spiritual ley before the Cosmos Club of Washing. guidance, educational development, or phys­ and to the general advancement of mankind ical health. Often he preached three times will live forever. ton on April 19, 1948, entitled "What of a Sunday, paid many visitations to the sick At such a time as this when our thoughts the Panama Canal?" Published in the and those shut it, and still found time for a are turned to a loved one or a friend to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 94, part rich family life and a myriad of other ac­ whom the grim messenger with the inverted 10, April 21, 1948, page A2449, this ad· tivities. torch has beckoned onward, it is good to dress, by its forthright and objective His stature in church and educational af­ have the sweet assurances of our religion that though dead, he yet liveth. clarification of key issues, contributed fairs was such that he yielded much of his materially toward preventing hasty ac· time to the demands upon him. He served as "He is not dead, but sleepeth, well we know. tion by the Congress on a then pend. a member of the board of trustees of Har­ The form that now lies mute beneath the grave and of the University of Richmond, sod ing report of the indicated investigation the Home Mission Board of the Southern Shall rise when time her golden bugles and formed a solid basis for much that Baptist Convention, the Virginia Baptist blow, followed in the consideration of the Board of Missions and Education, and held And pour its music through the courts canal problem. The principal sections various district and State offices in his church. of God." of this address of Representative Brad· The University of Richmond awarded him ley are still applicable. the degree of doctor of divinity in 1922 in In the course of his membership of the recognition of· his many contributions not only to the institution but to Virginia gen­ Committee on Merchant Marine and erally. Willis W. Bradley and the Panama Canal Fisheries, its distinguished senior minor­ While participating in these extensive ac­ ity member, the late Honorable Schuy­ tivities, Dr. Sanford was guiding his own EXTENSION OF REMARKS ler Otis Bland, of Virginia, and Repre· family to fruitful maturity. I need not re­ OF sentative Bradley became close friends count for this audience the story of the and collaborators, with a great common Sanford boys whose athletic, academic, and HON. CLARK W. THOMPSON interest in the Panama Canal. Thus, postgraduate accomplishments are in them­ selves a dramatic and entrancing story. OF TEXAS these two leaders formed an effective Hargrave Military Academy has shared the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nonpartisan team in securing proper consideration by the Congress of impor· benefits of this younger generation of San.­ Monday, May 2, 1955 fords. tant canal issues before acting on rec· S.uch leaders as Dr. Sanford are respon­ Mr. THOMPSON of Texas. Mr. ommendations of administrative agen· sible for the strength and durability of our Speaker, among the finest memories of cies-a policy that the Congress has con· free institutions in America. Our Nation my congressional career are associations, tinued to follow. was built on the foundation stone of respect Toward the end of the second session for the rights of man and the dignity of the during the 80th Congress-1947 to 1949- individual. Education has been an impor­ and subsequently, with the late Repre· of the 80th Congress, Representative tant factor in building and perpetuating this sentative Willis W. Bradley, of Califor· Bradley published in the CONGRESSIONAL great heritage. Dr. Sanford exemplified the nia. His stature as a statesman, naval RECORD, volume 94, part 11, page A3890, characteristics that thoughtful and patriotic officer, and Government administrator an extensive bibliographical list on the citizens admire and shall ever champion, be­ has been extensively portrayed in the Panama Canal question-the first time, cause he represented in wisdom, vision, and annals of the Congress by others and as far as I can determine, such a list was action the epitome of good citizenship. He requires no emphasis from me. ever published in the RECORD. Since not only was a minister, educator, and leader; he was a man steadfastly devoted to making There is, however, one facet of his then I have prepared additional compre· the wo~ld a better place in which to live­ congressional career that I feel ought to hensive lists, the last having been pub· and he went about this task by seeking to be described in greater detail. This con· lished in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, vol· elevate the thoughts and aspirations of the cerns the Panama Canal of which he ume 101, part 3, pages 3601-3616, under people themselves. was a discriminating and objective stu- the title "Isthmian Canal Policy of the 5342 CONGRESSIONAL "RECORD - HOUSE May 2 United States-Documentation." For question do not exist. To supply such Jim, as AmericallS, pay some of the this effort Representative Bradley's orig­ means, Senator THOMAS E. MARTIN and I, necessary tax that goes forth to promote inal contribution in 194·8 was my inspira­ early in the present session, introduced Germany and Spain under our various tion. identical measures, S. 766 and H. R. 3335, foreign-aid schemes. With the convening of the 81st Con­ respectively, to create an Interoceanic As the emerging picture .of this present gress in January 1949, Representative Canals Commission. These bills are enlightened hour takes form, it._would Bland resumed his chairmanship of the modeled after a measure introduced in now be sheer folly to grant more aid to Committee on Merchant Marine and the 80th Congress by Representative these various countries in far-off places. Fisheries, over which he had presided so Bradley. · Why does t:Qis statement make sense? long before the 80th Congress. One of In the perspective that is now possible, Surely our past experience with foreign his first ofiicial actions was to secure the constructive leadership of Repre­ aid since 1945 is ample enough proof of authorization for an inquiry into the :fi­ sentative Willis W. Bradley with respect this observation. Since the inception of nancial operations of the Panama Canal to interoceanic canals, in and out of the the Marshall plan in April 1948, it will be under House Resolution 44, 8lst Con­ Congress, firmly establishes him as one of 1·emembered that about $35 billion has gress. For this task, he appointed me most outstanding authorities on this been spent for economic and military aid as chairman of a special subcommittee. gravely important subject. His state­ abroad-about $20 billion for military As part of his preparations, Chairman ments in regard thereto are accordingly and $15 billion for economic assistance. Bland conferred as to procedure with indispensable sources for study not only A complex labyrinth of economic-aid Captain Bradley, who in 1949 left the for students and historians but as well, programs has existed since the end of Congress. Captain Bradley suggested and more particularly, for engineers and World War II, but each has had the that the chairman of the subcommittee navigators, and all the legislators and same purpose-to give away some of the visit the Panama Canal exhibit in the administrators charged with direct re­ hard-earned substance of Jeff, Cora, and omce of the Chief of Naval Operations sponsibility for operation, maintenance Jim. During World War II we gave away of the Navy Department. and improvement of the Panama Canal. billions of dollars worth of goods as lend­ With the authority of Secretary of the No one who has attempted to make an lease. That program was justified, as we Navy John L. Sullivan, of New Hamp­ objective study of the problems of inter­ all concede, since we and our allies were shire, I visited this exhibit on February oceanic canals can fail to note how in­ engaged in a life-and-death struggle 10, 1949, and was accompanied by Cap­ tensely the proponents of various plans with the force of tyranny. It might be tain Bradley, and Gen. James G. Steese, defend their ideas. They have reached said that we gave our wealth and sub­ distinguished engineer and former Engi­ their conclusions and they are apparently stance rather than suffer the devastation neer of Maintenance-Chief Engineer­ unwilling to consider any deviations. befalling other parts of the world. of the Panama Canal. We were received Sometimes they ·are even unwilling for But since the end of World War II we by Capt. Miles P. DuVal, United States Congress to appoint a commission to have continued to :finance one aid pro­ Navy, who, at the time, was Panama report on all phases of the controversy. gram after another. And let the aver­ Canal liaison omcer and Coordinator of To these partisans, each one of whom is age man question one proposal for aid or Isthmian Canal Studies of the Navy De­ an able and patriotic man, I suggest that try to reduce the amount of aid in any partment. if his program is sound, he need not fear proposal and someone proclaims that Using terrain models of the canal and to have it carefully scrutinized by an communism will be aided. The big, bad other exhibits in that omce dealing with independent commission. To refuse to Russian bear has been a handy whip­ its marine features, Captain Bradley ex­ submit it to such an impartial group is ping-boy to make us toe the line for more plained the problems of operations; and to suggest that perhaps it lacks the merit foreign aid. And while it is not to be General Steese, those of engineering. which would insure its approval by such denied that the Soviets are out to do the The explanations by these two au­ a group. free world all the harm possible, yet little thorities gave me a deeper insight into evidence has emerged that our aid to the nature and magnitude of the prin­ other countries has made any difference cipal problems involved in the canal Foreign Aid F oily in the behavior or accomplished ends of question. They started me on a search the Soviets. In fact, they regard such for knowledge that has never ended. EXTENSION OF REMARKS aid, which are sacrifices for us, as only Later, on the evening of February 24, OF further evidence of our so-called im­ 1949, in company with Representative­ perialism. now Senator-THOMAS E. MARTIN of Iowa, HON. EUGENE SILER And now we are confronted with a cur­ I attended a comprehensive presentation OF KENTUCKY rent demand for still more aid. This ·by Captain Bradley before the Engineers' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES year the emphasis is on Asia. This latest Club of Washington in the auditorium request is for $3.53 billion for economic of the Department of Commerce, entitled Monday, May 2, 1955 and military aid in the fiscal year ending "The Why's of the Panama Canal." Mr. SILER. Mr. Speaker, when "G. June 30, 1956. Two-thirds of this sum, The proceedings of that evening, which Washington, Thos. Jefferson, Benj. $2.14 billion, is for aid to Asia. Only I included in an extension of my remarks Franklin" and those other patriarchs of $712.5 million of .this total is for eco­ in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 95, the long lost days of America were writ­ nomic aid. part 12, March 4, 1949, page Al303, were ing America's genesis in the early his­ It seems that Miss Europe does not now a further important contribution of Cap­ tory of this new Nation, no one ever need further aid. In 1954 her trade tain Bradley toward the increased un­ thought about setting up a constitutional within Western Europe was 128 percent derstanding of the canal problem, espe­ authorization about taxing American above that of 1948 and 69 percent above cially in legislative and executive circles. citizens to aid foreign lands around the that of 1938. Imports from the outside At this point, it is pertinent to men­ world. But somehow we drifted into that world were 24 percent above those of tion that at each of Representative Brad­ unique practice under New Deal radical­ 1948 and 11 percent above those of 1938. ley's notable canal addresses, he was ism and now the foreign-aid rut seems to Exports were 83 percent above those of introduced by the Honorable Maurice H. be still holding us tight. Down in south­ 1948 and exports to the dollar area were Thatcher, of Kentucky, a former member eastern Kentucky, Jeff Abbott, the coal 130 percent above 1948, while imports of the Isthmian Canal Commission and miner, works hard in the blackness of the from that area were 7 percent below later a Member of Congress, lifelong underground caverns and has little above 1948. student of Panama Canal problems and cornbread and occasional chuck roast Consumption per capita in Western an early and long-continuing advocate for his meager table. Yet Jeff, as an Europe reached the 1938 level by 1950. for the creation of an unbiased and in­ American, pays some of the necessary By 1953 it was 7 percent above that level, dependent canal commission representa­ tax that goes forth to aid Turkey, Bel­ and in 1954 it jumped to 12 percent above tive of all the major interests involved gium, and Brazil. Then there is Cora prewar. The United States was 45 per­ as offering the best means for their Bunch, a mountain schoolteacher, and cent above the 1938 level. resolution. Jim Meadors, a country merchant, and Industrial output was about 50 per­ At· the present time adequate means neither knows aught but consistent hard­ cent higher than in 1938. Agricultural for the objective handling of the canal ship and normal scarcity. Yet Cora and production was 30 percent greater. 1955 CONG-RESSIO~AL RECORP - HOUSE 5343 In 1951 the countries of Western Eu­ compared with nations who are receiv­ anomalous situation and let us hope it is rope planned for an annual increase of ing our largesse; yet·they claim that they now on the way out. 4.5 percent in gross national pr'oduct cannot finance their own economies. These are some of the reasons why during the next 5 years. This increase Foreign aid has not contributed to an further foreign aid is futile. Certainly, was not realized in 1952, but it was real­ increase in our real wealth. As one au­ such a program will not now contribute ized in both 1953 and 1954. ~hor has said: to anything like substantial furtherance Granted that foreign aid did promote Admittedly the foreign-aid program, fi­ of the economic rehabilitation of the the economic progress of some of the nanced by the United States taxpayer and world. · countries of Western Europe, it is soundly purchaser of Federal securities, has con­ As of December 31, 1954, net foreign logical that any such aid anywhere has tributed to the striking postwar growth of aid had cost each individual in the now outlived its usefulness. Countries this country. Yet it is a fair question United States $298.52. If one were to receiving aid have become less and less whether the expenditure of equivalent re­ sources on domestic development might not consider the figures on a gross basis it reliable as 'allies. we need only to point have led to an equal growth, even though of would probably have cost each person in to the Korean war and the fiasco of the a different type. For it can hardly be argued the United States far more than that. European Defense Community to realize that the export of very large quantities of For my native State of Kentucky that that our allies are little interested in a goods for which the United States has not would mean a contribution to foreign genuine attempt to unite for common de­ been compensated has increased this coun­ countries of about $904 million. How fense. Selfish interests have either killed try's real weal th. much improvement could be undertaken or emasculated most attempts at col­ The French and Italian tax structures within the borders of Kentucky with a lective defense. Obviously the change seem hopeless to American eyes. They sum of that size. Truly, we could make from Marshall plan to mutual security fall heavily on consumers and permit it a far better State that it is today. shows little relationship of the one to flagrant violations by the V:'ealthy. Yet This latest request for $3.53 billion more the other. There is no mutual security little has been done toward remedying for the next fiscal year would increase unless we finance it. Our insistence on these conditions. True, at American in­ each person's contribution by $21.51, or some compliance with promised objec­ sistence, new and more stringent tax about another $65 million from Ken­ tives has caused United States popu­ laws have appeared on statute books, but tucky. This means that Kentucky has larity throughout the world to reach an they appear to have been evaded. Nu­ contributed nearly a billion dollars for alltime low. Despite our bungling at­ merous disinterested persons who have aiding foreign countries. It seems to me tempts to become the big brother of the traiveled abroad have attested to the fact that we have already done far too much. world, the mere spreading of dollars has that wealthy people pay for less taxes Considering the aid we have given since not and will not bring popularity or good than we do in the United States; yet 1940, it is no wonder that we are re­ will. The sooner our Government real­ that they refuse to invest in the eco­ garded as an impractical Santa Claus of izes this simple truth the sooner have we nomic development of their own coun­ immature judgment. reached maturity in our contemporary tries. Why should American citizens be James Haskell really hit the nail on statesmanship. · taxed to aid foreign nations when their the head in reciting what we could do Perhaps the most patent result of for­ own wealthy people evade taxes? with the money which has been ex­ eign aid has been the enforced postpone­ Much of the foreign aid money ex­ pended and is to be spent for foreign.aid ment or rejection of necessary social and pended in other countries has gone to through June 30, 1957. He believes that economic projects here at home. It is help export industries which now com­ by that date our postwar foreign aid to a well-known fact that our highways pete in world markets with our indus­ Europe alone will have totaled $60 bil­ are inadequate; that new hospitals and tries. lion. Graphically, he shows what could schools are needed; that reclamation and Communism has not been stopped by have been done with that tremendous flood-control projects have been post­ sum: poned for lack of funds. How can foreign aid. About 1 Frenchman in we justify spreading. money abroad for 4 is a Communist despite our expend­ 1. It could have saved the average Ameri­ aid when we do not have sufficient funds itures of billions of dollars in rebuilding can taxpayer $1,000 in taxes. France. In Italy parties of both the left 2. It is 2Y2 times the total amount of the to undertake such programs at home? United States farm program in a decade. We must wake up to the fact that we and the· right have grown in power de­ spite Marshall plan aid. Yet we are told 3. It is nearly 4 times as much as the Gov­ cannot carry the financial burdens of the ernment spent for public works during the free world on our backs. Why should whenever we question increased subsidies to European nations that they will fall New Deal. an American shrink from being called 4. It could have paid for all the new high­ an isolationist when his desire has been to communism unless we continue to fi­ nance them. ways that America needs; also schools, hos­ to make his own country a better place pitals, and other institutions. in which to live? Our neglect of high­ Other examples of the folly of foreign ways, to cite one example, has contrib­ aid could be cited. But it should suffice Henry Hazlitt aptly expressed the con­ uted materially to 38,000 traffic deaths to say that our aid program has been trast between foreign aid and assistance a year and has cost much time in travel. used to finance socialistic governments for needy domestic programs when, in The disastrous floods of our river val­ in Europe and is now suggested as a bul­ discussing point 4 above,,he stated: leys could be eliminated by correct meth­ wark of socialistic governments in Asia. The Government has nothing to give or ods of flood control. That is a facet of the aid program that lend to anybody that it does not first of all, Continuation of our program of broad­ deserves special treatment, and so there or ultimately, take from its own taxpayers. casting billions will cause us eventually will be no more than mention of it here. By at least as much as it adds to the purchas­ to face one of these two "ins"-insol­ The foreign aid program has been ing power of Paul, "it must reduce the pur­ vency or inflation. Who then is likely characterized by a proliferation of con­ chasing power of Peter. to come forth to bail us out? Certainly flicting offices in many countries. De­ Charity and mercy are admirable, de­ no European government will come to partments of our Government have sirable qualities of the human heart, but our aid. It should be considered that worked at cross-purposes, frequently de­ nying each other and working directly that is not so of a political machinery our Federal debt was 74 percent of our which should have only the function to gross national product in 1953. But contrary to each other. In Paris until let us take a look at the debt of those recently there were four individuals with govern for its own people and not a sem­ nations we are aiding; the relationship the rank of Ambassador. In many Eu­ blance of any function to tax those same of debt to gross national product of se­ ropean and other overseas areas, Ameri­ people to further Formosa or promote lected countries was as follows: Norway, can Ambassadors must work with repre­ Pakistan. Wake up "G. Washington, 53.3 percent; Spain, 26 percent; Belgium, sentatives of the United States Informa­ Thos. Jefferson, and Benj. Franklin" 67 percent; France, 37.5 percent; Ger­ tion Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, and see what we, the people, have been many, 32 percent; Turkey, 22 percent; and Foreign Operations Administration. doing to your country through foreign Japari,. 12 percent; the Philippines, 10 What a field that creates for misunder­ aid folly. Wake up Jeff, Cora, and Jim, percent; Brazil, 7 percent; and Mexico, standings and difficulties. Congressional write your Congressmen, tell them how 4 percent. Truly we are burdened when committees have called attention to this well you like being taxed for Turkey. 5344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 2 Flexible and Rigid Price Supports ment in accounts and notes receivable, flxed Probably no architectural feature in all of assets and the unrestored capital impair­ the Pnited States is as well known as the ment of the capital of the Corporation. Capitol dome rising majestically above the EXTENSION OF REMARKS February is normally the seasonal peak in Washington horizon-visible from almost OF the commitment of CCC funds. In February any part of the city, a thing of breathtaking 1955 we had $8,396,000,000 in use. This splendor when lighted at night. HON. JESSE P. WOLCOTT amount is very close to our estimate of last The clean, straight, vertical lines of the OF MICHIGAN July, when Congress was considering the main portion of the :structure, when topped proposed increase in the borrowing authority by the gentle, graceful curves of the huge IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Corporation from $8.5 to $10 billion. dome, provide a picture of deep serenity in Monday, May 2, 1955 At that time we estimated our use of CCC the midst of national controversy-of solid­ borrowing authority in January and Febru­ ity and calm and reason no matter what the Mr. WOLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, under ary of 1955 at $8.4 billion. issue which might divide us in debate. leave to extend my remarks in the REC· (b) Based on the present law, we expect So it is only natural that our Capitol is ORD, I include the following correspon­ to have in use in February of 1956 approxi­ everyone's business-that what happens to dence with the Secretary of Agriculture: mately $9,465,000,000 of our $10 billion bor­ it inside or outside is a matter of national WASHINGTON, D. C., April 19, 1955. rowing authorization. This estimate as­ interest and personal concern. Therefore, Hon. EZRA TAFT BENSON, sumes average yields, some rise in the level I know there will be general interest among Secretary, Department of Agriculture, of economic activity, present price levels, West Virginians in the newest proposal for · Washington, D. C. some increase in exports, and acreage allot­ "completing" the Capitol-for, literally, giv­ DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I am interested and ments for the basic crops. It is believed that ing it a "face-lifting." concerned about matters that affect all, and these projections represent conservative Former President Truman once said the of course, the farmers of my district. You rather than liberal projections of the volume dome would fall someday if the east central will recall that in the 83d Congress it was my of price support activity. front of the building were not extended out­ privilege and honor to be chairman of the Based on present law, we would expect the ward. Others have said the dome sits on Banking and CUrrency Committee of the peak in CCC of borrowing authority to be top of the main structure like a derby hat House of Representatives and that at that reached in February of 1956. Thereafter, we without a brim. Architects say the facade time it was our responsibility to examine would expect CCC financial commitments to is incomplete, because the central portion into and devise the increase of the borrow­ decrease as a result of reduced acquisition was not brought forward in keeping with ing authority of the Commodity Credit Cor­ and increased disposal. the two wings which were added to the poration in order that it could play its part ( c) H. R. 12 would make price support for original building to provide the present . in the mechanics of commodity support the basic crops mandatory at 90 percent of House and Senate Chambers. which is a part of the law. parity. We estimate that the enactment of The architects may be correct that exten­ I am no longer burdened with the re­ this law would increase the peak use of the sion of the facade is an "architectural sponsibility of the chairmanship of this im­ Corporation's borrowing authority in the fis­ necessity" but I'm sure that most of us who portant committee, but I am still the rank­ cal year 1956 by $247 million. On the basis are not architects would have gone right on ing minority member of this committee of assumptions indicated in (b) above, this thinking the building beautiful indeed just which has jurisdiction over Commodity would put us within $300 million of our $10 as it is. Credit Corporation authorizations of the billion statutory borrowing authorization-a Nevertheless, the space requirements of House of Representatives. However, I am margin of safety that could easily be wiped the Congress have provided a practical · concerned about the situation in support out by better than average yields, a drop in stimulus to accomplish an architectural ob­ prices that may or may not affect the farm­ exports, or a decline in prices and economic jective which has been discussed since 1863. ers in my district and in other areas of the activity. The House has finally approved-after many United States. I share the concern which your letter ex­ years of refusing to act on the matter-a I would appreciate your informing me at presses about the increase in financial obli­ resolution calling upon the Architect of the your earliest convenience of the following: gations which will result if H. R. 12 or other Capitol to draw up plans for the "comple­ (a) What is now the commitment of the such legislation is passed by Congress. Even tion" of the facade. Commodity Credit Corporation in dollar val­ without a return to mandatory high rigid The additional space added to the east uation for all agricultural goods, either by price supports the present $10 billion bor­ central front of the building, besides bring­ purchase or by loan? rowing authorization may not be adequate. ing it closer into line with the House .and (b) In the judgment of you and your ex­ I enclose a brief report which gives some Senate wings, will provide much-needed perts, what will be the commitments of the of the above data in tabular form. This space for committee rooms, for restaurant Commodity Credit Corporation for purchase statement does not reflect the probable ef­ and other facilities, and for a through­ or loan in the forseeable future in dollar vol­ fects of H. R. 12 if it were to be enacted. passage on . the gallery level between the · ume, based on the present law? The Crop Production Report for July 1955 House and the Senate sides of the building. (c) Will you please give me your best esti­ will contain the first most reliable source of The decision to proceed with the planning mate of the commitments by Commodity information regarding production from 1955 of this improvement came shortly after a Credit Corporation under the projected sit­ crops. At that time the Department will be very significant improvement was made uation if the law should be amended to give in a better position to appraise the poten­ inside the building-the opening of an im­ to the basic commodities 90 percent of parity tial use of the Corporation's borrowing au­ pressive, nonsectarian prayer room to which as is contemplated under H. R. 12? thority and whether or not any legislative Members of the House and Senate can go at Believe me, Mr. Secretary, I ask these ques­ action need be proposed. any time for quiet meditation. tions because it seems to me that the farm­ Sincerely yours, Before a beautiful stained glass window ers of my district and others should be fully TRUE D. MORSE, depicting George Washington kneeling in familiar with the situation as it now exists Under Secretary. prayer, Members can find inspiration in the and as it may exist if H. R. 12 should become Bible, or in our own quiet prayers as we seek law. I am, Divine guidance in carrying out our heavy Yours most respectfully, responsibilities. It is good to have this tiny JESSE P. WOLCOTT, Keenotes chapel available in the Capitol. And, best Member of Congress. of all, it is being used every day. EXTENSION OF REMARKS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OF OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, April 22, 1955. HON. ELIZABETH KEE The Significance of Thomas Jefferson for Hon. JESSE P. WoLCOTI', OF WEST VIRGINIA Our Day House of Representatives. DEAR CONGRESSMAN WOLCOTI': I appreciate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES your interest in the financial operations of Monday, May 2, 1955 EXTENSION OF REMARKS the Commodity Credit Corporation, expressed OF in your letter to me of April 19. Mrs. KEE. Mr. Speaker, under leave We have made projections showing by to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I HON. FRANK CARLSON months the status of our statutory borrowing should like to include my newspaper OF KANSAS authority, based on economic assumptions column, Keenotes for the week of April IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED ST..l\TES set forth in the 1956 budget estimate of the 28, 1955, on the subject of our Capitol Commodity Credit Corporation. Using these Building: Monday,~ay ·2, 1955 projections, I shall do my best to answer your very pertinent questions. KEEN OTES Mr. CARLSON. Mi. President, ·1 ask (a) currently (April 1955), we have in use (By Hon. ELIZABETH KEE) unanimous consent to have printed in approximately $8,400,00_0,000 of our $10 bil­ The Capitol of the United States is much the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address lion statutory borrowfog authorization. more than a building; to every American, it entitled "The Significance of Thomas This includes funds invested in commodities is a strikingly beautiful symbol of our Na­ Jefferson For Our Day," delivered by me, owned and under loan, as well as the invest- tion's strength. on Friday afternoon, April 29, 1955. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5345 The meeting at which the address was his visit to Washington with increased his honor by a grateful nation one may read made was held on the steps of the beau­ knowledge of Jefferson's life and thought and his words: tiful Jefferson Memorial, in a setting be­ increased determination to uphold the prin­ "God who gave us life gave us liberty. ciples of liberty in which Jefferson believed. Can the liberties of a nation be secure fitting the occasion. It was held under "DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER." when we have removed a conviction that the auspices of the Washington Pilgrim­ Thomas Jefferson may well be called the these liberties are the gift of God? Indeed age, ably assisted by Dr. and Mrs. Harold apostle of liberty. He expressed his attitude I tremble for my country when I reflect that Dudley. Gen. Willard Paul presided, emphatically when he declared: "I have God is just, that His justice cannot sleep and the occasion was favored with selec­ sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility forever. Commerce between master and tions by the Oxen Hill, Md., High School against every form of tyranny over the mind slave is despotism. Nothing is more cer­ Band, and a wonderful chorus from the of man." His life was the fulfillment of this tainly written in the book of fate than that Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School. vow. these people are to be free. Establish the The Washington Pilgrimage is an or­ Jefferson was given the supreme oppor­ law for educating the common people. This tunity to express his dedication to the prin­ it is the business of the state to effect and ganization of clergy and lay church peo­ on a general plan." ' ple dedicated to the preservation of our ciples of freedom when he was asked to draft the Declarat~on of Independence. Those Jefferson was in France when our Con- ' Nation's religious heritage. Annually memorable words will ring forever in the stitutional Convention was meeting. He ap­ they select and present awards to the hearts of men through every age and clime, proved in general of the work done by the outstanding clergy churchman, the lay "We hold these truths to be self-evident, Convention, but greatly deplored the absence churchman and churchwoman of the that all men are created equal, that they of a Bill of Rights. He wrote to Washing­ year. This year the awards were as fol­ are endowed by their Creator with certain ton, Madison, Monroe, and others, earnestly . advocating a Bill of Rights. To Madison he lows: unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." wrote: Clergy churchman of the year 1955- Some petrified minds and withered hearts "I will now tell you what I do not like. Dr. Ralph W. Sockman: have tried to demonstrate their superiority First, the omission of a Bill of Rights, pro­ In recognition of his outstanding service by libeling Jefferson and labeling this state­ viding clearly, and without the aid of soph­ to the Nation, as an eloquent preacher of ment a lie. They remind us that some i:nen ism, for freedom of religion, freedom of the God's word, the minister for more than 20 are born weak and sickly and others are press, protection against standing armies, years of the National Radio Pulpit, a valiant born strong and rugged, and some are born restriction of monopolies, the eternal and guardian of world peace, the director of the morons and others are born geniuses-as if unremitting force of the habeas corpus laws, Hall of Fame, an inspiring teacher, and the Jefferson didn't know this too, or was re­ and trials by jury in all matters of fact author of many volumes of practical reli- ferring to any of this! triable by the laws of the land, and not by gious truth. · No. Jefferson's statement must not be the laws of nations. Let me add, that a taken from its literary and historical con­ Bill of Rights is what the people are enti­ Lay churchman of the year 1955- text. His declaration, in the only sense that tled to against every government on earth, President Dwight D. Eisenhower: it can be understood, means that all men general or particular, and what no just gov­ In recognition of his outstanding service stand equal before the law. · ernment should refuse, or rest on inference." to the Nation in his leadership for peace, The wealth of the rich shall not shield Many others agreed with Jefferson, and the spiritual. devotion, and inspiring example of him from the same penalty a pauper would Bill of Rights, comprising the first 10 amend­ steadfast attention to religious values as suffer for the same crime. Priests are not ments, was quickly adopted. The putting President of the United States. to be tried by a different code· or before of these essential freedoms on an undeniable different courts than laymen. The accident legal basis owes much to the man who wrote Churchwoman of the year 1955-Rep­ of birth does not automatically make a the Declaration of Independence and the resentative FRANCES P. BOLTON: man the ruler of his fellow men, whether he bill for establishing religious freedom in Vir­ In recognition of her outstanding service is a Tudor, a Stuart, a Hanover, or a Roose­ ginia. to the Nation as a spiritual interpreter of velt. This equality is predicated ori the fact Jefferson's service as our Minister to public life in the Halls of Congress, in the that all men receive their life from the same France during the several years just before field of international affairs, the ministry of Creator, who endows them also with the the outbreak of the FTench Revolution, ex­ right to liberty and the pursuit of happi­ tended his influence as an apostle of liberty nursing and public health, and the advance­ to that land also, and increased the already ment of educational institutions and values. ness. These benefits :flow reasonably from belief strong effect which· our own successful Revo­ There being no objection, the address in a Creator, and it ls only what might be lution had upon the French. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, expected that those who are atheists are Throughout his long life, whether as Sec­ as follows: the foremost in denying to their fellow men retary of State in Washington's Cabinet, as "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." President for two terms, or as the retired ADDRESS BY SENATOR FRANK CARLSON, WASH• The contrast between countries dominated sage of Monticello, Jefferson ever and al­ INGTON PILGRIMAGE, JEFFERSON MEMORIAL, by atheistical communism and those coun­ ways was able to say as an apostle of liberty, 4 P. M., FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 1955 tries blessed by faith in God is an existing "I have sworn upon the altar of God eter­ Mr. Chairman, we meet here today to re­ proof. Jefferson's concern was that abomi­ nal hostility against every form of tyranny mind ourselves of our goodly heritage. As :ni>tion called the "divine right of kings" and over the mind of man." we stand here before the great Jefferson that other abomination, a fixed and immu­ We who are privileged to gather here today Memorial, we can also see the monuments of table social and economic stratification. can well take to heart the admonitions of Washington and Lincoln. They remind us Even here, in God's America, Jefferson's our third President and rededicate ourselves again of not only our great heritage, but the ideals have not met complete fulfillment, to the preservation of the Christian princi­ fact that religion has played a vital part but to the extent that they have, this has ples that must guide this Nation if we are in the development of our great Nation. been, and still is, the land of opportunity to be the Nation that God intended us to be. They remind us, too, that religion is not for the oppressed of earth. only necessary, but is vital to the existence Perhaps no other statements made by Jef­ of a virile democracy. It would be a sad day ferson demonstrate his right to be called indeed for our Nation should our people for­ "Apostle of liberty" as do those selected for get the basic fundamental principles of the the marble memorial in the Capital of our Voting and Attendance Record Christian religion, which, after all, is the Nation. Of religious liberty he wrote: foundation stone of this great democracy-a "Almighty God hath created the mind free. EXTENSION OF REMARKS democracy that is on trial at the present time All attempts to influence it by temporal pun­ OF in the conflict of the ideologies of Christian­ ishments or burthens * * * are departure ity and paganism. from the plan of tJ"le Holy ·Author of our Our Nation has been blessed by having HON. GERALD R. FORD, JR. religion * * * no man shall be compelled OF MICHIGAN leaders with a Christian faith and a firm to frequent or support any religious worship conviction in the continued welfare of this or ministry or shall otherwise suffer on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nation and the preservation of its ideals. account of his religious opinions or belief. Monday, May 2, 1955 I am pleased today to read to you a tele­ But all men shall be free to profess and by gram from the President of the United argument to maintain their opinions in mat­ Mr. FORD. Mr. Speaker, under leave States: . te:rs of religion." to extend my remarks, I include a report "The Honorable FRANK CARLSON, This is from an Act Establishing Religious of my voting and attendance record dur­ United States Senate, Freedom in Virginia. Its authorship is one ing the first session of the 82d Congress. Washington, D. C.: of the three things which Jefferson wanted The record indicates all rollcall votes "Please convey my greetings and good to be remembered by and asked to have and all quorum calls. The description wishes to all participants in this year's Wash­ mentioned on his tombstone. ington pilgrimage. I am glad that on April Jefferson was against slavery of all kinds, of bills is for the purpose of identifica­ 29 you will speak on 'The Significance of whether of body or mind, and he believed tion only; no attempt has been made Thomas Jefferson for OUr Day.' I hope that in education for all as a bulwark of freedom. to describe the bills completely or to everyone in the pilgrimage will return from In the stately marble memorial erected to elaborate upon the issues involved. 5346 CONGRESSIONAL_RECORD - HOUSE - May 2 The purpose of this rePort is to collect in I want to be able to provide any interested

Roll- Roll­ call Date Measure, question, and result Vote call Date Measure, question, and result Vote No. No.

1951 1951 H. R. 3790-Continued 1 Jan. 3 Call by States------Present. 43 Jl4ay 2 On amendment cutting $800,000 from funds allo- Yea. 2 ___ do_____ Election of Speaker. (Rayburn, 231-Martin, 192.) _ Martin. cated for management of lands and resources H. Res. 7, providing that the rules of the House of and to earmark $1,200,000 for use in soil and Representatives will be the same as those of the mo.isture conservation. On adoption. (Adopt­ 81st Cong.: 3 ___ do ____ _ ed, 249 to 148.) On previous question. (Defeated, 179 to 247.) __ _ Yea. 44 ___ do____ On amendment reducing by $10 million the Yea. 4 ___ do ____ _ On substitute repealing the 21-day discharge Nay. funds provided the Bureau of Reclamation for rule which permits chairmen of legislative construction and rehabilitation of authorized committees to bypass the Committee on reclamation projects. On adoption. (Adopt­ Rules in bringing up legislation. On adop­ ed, 237 to 160.) tion. (Adopted, 244 to 179.) 45 ___ do____ On amendment preventing use of funds to con- Yea. 5 Jan. 17 H. R. 1001, authorizing the construction of 500,000 Yea. struct duplicate power transmission facilities tons of modern naval vessels, conversion of 1,000,- where wheeling service contracts have been 000 tons of existing vessels and the construction of entered. into. On adoption. (Adopted, 226 an aircraft carrier. On passage. (Passed, 365 to 0.) to 165.) 6 Jan. 19 Quo~um calL------Present. 46 ___ do____ On amendment permitting the filling of only 25 Yea. 7 Jan. 23 H. R. 1724, providing for the creation of a 5-member Yea. percent.of vacancies occurring in Department board to renegotiate contracts that are made by of Interior in 1952 with certain exceptions. certain Government agencies exercising functions On adoption. (Adopted, 224 to 169.) in connection with the national defense. On 47 May 3 Quorum call ______Present. passage. (Passed, 377 to O.) 48 ___ do _____ H. Res. 220, providin3 for the consideration ofH. R. Yea. 8 Jan. 24 H. R. 1, authorizing the payment by the Adminis­ Yea. 3880, making appropriations for the Executive trator of Veterans' Affairs of a gratuitous indem­ Office and sundry independent offices for fiscal nity to survivors of members of the Armed Forces year, 1952. On adoption. (Adopted, 220 to 159.) who die in active service. (GI insurance bill.) 49 May 4 Quorum call------­ Present. On passage. (Passed, 390 to 0.) H. R. 3880, making appropriations for the Executive Present. 109 ___Jan. do ______31 Quorum do ______calL------______------___ ---- Office and sundry independent offices for fiscal 11 Feb. 7 _____ do ______Present. year, 1952: Present. 50 ___ do_____ On amendment limiting to 5,000 the public Yea. H. R . 1612, extending for 3 years the authority of the dwelling uni ts to be started in fiscal year 1952. 12 ___ do ____ _ President to enter into foreign-trade agreements: On adoption. (Adopted, 181 to 113.) - On amendment providing fo.\" congressional noti­ Yea. 51 ___ do_____ On amendment fixing the emergency fund for Yea. fication by the President prior to any reduc­ the President at $1 million, plus certain un­ tion of tariffs below a level determined by the expended funds from 1951. On · adoption.· Tariff Commission to be perilous to domestic (Adopted, 160 to 128.) industries. On adoption. (Adopted, 225 to 168.) 52 May 7 Quorum calL------Present. Mar. H. R. 2615, amending the Agricultural Adjustment 53 May 9 H. R. 3576, amending the Displaced Persons Act of Yea. Act of 1938, relative to peanut acreage allotments 1948 by extepding progi:am for 6 months to Dec. 31, and marketing quotas: 1951, with no increase in number of authorizations 13 Mar. On motion to recommit. (Defeated, 174 to 212)_ Yea. for admission and no extension of the term of office 14 Mar. Quorum calL------Present. of Displaced Person& Commission. On-passage. 15 Mar. 13 _____ do __ ------Present. (Passed, 312 to 63.) 16 ___do _____ H. R.1545, amending the Reorganization Act of 1949 Nay. 54 May 10 Quorum call------'------Present. to authorize emergency reorganiZations. On pas­ 55 May 15 _____ do------. Present, sage. (Defeated, 170 to 227.) 56 May 17 _____ do ______17 Mar. 14 Quorum calL ______Present. Present. H. R. 3096, requiring congressional approval relative 18 ___ do _____ H. Res. 142, rejecting Reorganization Plan No. 1 of Yea. to certain defense land transactions by the Army, 1951, relative to the RFC. On adoption. Navy, Air Force, and the Federal Civil Defense (Defeated, 200to197, not having received a consti­ Administration: tutional majority of 218.) 57 ___ do_____ On overriding Presidential veto. (Overridden, Yea. 19 __ _do---- H. Res. 166, providing for the consideration of H. R. Nay. 312 to 68.) 2988, a bill to provide housing and community fa­ H. R. 3973, making appropriations for the Depart­ cilities and services in connection with national de­ ment of Agriculture for fiscal year 1952: fense. On adoption. (Defeated, 170 to 219.) 58 ___ do_____ On amendment permitting the filling of only 25 Yea. 20 Mar. 21 On amendment cutting $22 million from the , Yea. percent of vacancies occurring in Department money provided for postal operations. On in 1952. On adoption. (Adopted, 216 to 153.) adoption. (Defeated, 136 to 138.) On passage. (Passed, voice vote.) ______21 Apr. 3 _____Quorum do ______call_------_------_ -______-----______Present. 59 May 22 Quorum call------Present. 22 Apr. 4 Present. 23 Apr. 5 _____ do __ __ ------______------__ ------6061 May 2423 _____ dod0------______:______Present. - ____ do ______---______Present. Present. 24 Apr. 9 Present. 62 ___ do_____ H. R. 3791, furnishing grain for relief assistance to Yea. 25 Apr. 10 H. R. 2612, authorizing District of Columbia Com­ Yea. India. On passage. (Passed, 293 to 94.) missioners to establish daylight-saving time in the 6364 ___June do ______4 Quorum do ______call_.------______Present. District of Columbia. On passage. (Passed, 278 Present. to 116.) 65 ___ do_____ On motion to adjourn. On adoption. . (Defeated, Nay. H. R. 3587, third supplemental appropriation forcer­ 9 to 224.) tain Government agencies for the remainder of H. R. 4141, providing more effective prevention, 26 ___ do ____ _ fiscal year 1951: detection and punishment of crime in the District On amendment reducing the funds of the Com­ Yea. of Columbia: modity Credit Corporation by $750,000. On 66 ___ do_____ On motion that House resolve itself into Com- Yea. adoption. (Defeated, 159 to 250.), mittee of Whole to consider bill. On adop­ 27 Apr. 11 Quorum call------Present. tion. (Adopted, 231- to 3.) 2928 Apr. 1213 _____ d0------do ______------______Present. 67 ___ do_____ Quorum call------Present. Present. 6968 ___June do _____ 5 ______dodo------______------______: ______Present. S. 1. authorizing universal military training and Present. service, and amending Draft Act: 70 June 6 S. 872, furnishing grain for relief assistance to India. Yea. 30 ___ do____ On motion to recommit. (Defeated, 121 to 291\)_ Nay. On adoption of conference report. (Adopted, 31 ___ do_ __ __ On passage. (Passed, 372 to 44) ______Yea. 250 to 82.) 32 Apr. 18 Call of tile House_------Present. H. R. 314, providing for the establishment of a 33 ___ do_____ On amendment permitting covered agencies to Yea. veterans' hospital for Negro veterans in Franklin fill only 25 percent of vacancies that occur in County, Va.: 1952. On adoption. (Adopted, 208 to 145.) 71 ___ do_____ On motion to strike enacting clause. (Adopted Yea. 34 __ _do_____ Quorum call_------Present. 223 to 117.) 35 Apr. 25 _____ d0------Present. 72 June 7 Quorum call __ ------~--~----- Present. 36 Apr. 26 _____ do------Present. 73 ___ do_____ S. 1, authorizing universal military training and Yea. 37 May 1 _____ do __------Present. service and amending Draft Act. On adoption 38 May 2 -----do __ ------­ Present. 74 June 11 Quorumof conference can ______report. (Adopted 339 to 41.) _ H. R. 3790, appropriating funds for Department of Present. . the Interior for fiscal year 1952: . 75 June 13 ____ _do ______------Present. 39 ___ do_____ On amendment deleting language providing Yea. H. R. 4386, appropriating funds for Department of $3,400,000 for Southeastern Power Administra­ Army civil Junctions for fiscal year 1952: tion construction. On adoption. (Adopted, 76 ___ do_____ On motion to recommit with instructions to Nay. 40 ___ do ____ _ 247 to 149.) incorporate amendment permitting the filling On amendment reducing by $550,000 the funds Yea. of only 25 percent of vacancies that occur in for construction by the Southwestern Power 1952. On adoption. (Adopted, 170 to 165.) Administration. On adoption.- (Adopted, 77 June 15 On motion to adjourn. . On adoption. (Defeated, Nay. 41 ___ do ___ _ 222 to 173.) 75 to 161.) . . On amendment preventing the use of funds for Yea. 78 June 18 Quorum call ______Present. developing the western Missouri project. On 79 ___ do_____ S. J. Res. 70, suspending application of certain Nay. 42 ___ do ___ _ adoption. (Adopted, 247 to 152.) Federal laws with respect to employment of On amendment cutting $5>~ million from funds Yea. attorney by Senate Committee on Rules and allotted for Bonneville Power Administration Administration. On adoption. (Defeated, 120- construction. On adoption. (Adopted, 225to167.) to 164.) 1955 CO~GRESSlONA_L E.ICORD - HOUSE_ 5347

Roll- Roll­ call Date Measure, question, and result Vote . call Date . Mea.sure, question ,and result Vote No. No.

1951 1951 H. R. 3871-Continued Present. 121 July 20 On Wolcott amendment deleting language en- Yea. ~ -~~:--~- -~~~~-~~:::::::·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Present. larging the President's authority to acquire 82 June 21 _____ do ______------Present. property, including facilities, and to erect H. R. 4473, the Revenue Act of 1951: plants, factories, etc., and to engage in the 83 June 22 On motion tO recommit. On adoption. (De- Yea. marketing, transportation, and storage of such feated, 171 to 220.) critical materials necessary to national de­ 84 ___ do_____ On passage. (Passed 233 to 160)------·----- Yea. fense; but authorizing installation ot addi­ 85 June 25 Quorum call·------Present. tional equipment, facilities, etc., in Govern­ 86 ___ dO----- H. R. 4431, extending rent control in the District of Nay. ment-owned plants and the installation of Columbia until Mar. 31, 195.2. On passage. Government-owned equipment in privately 87 June 26 Quorum(Passed, can 171 ______to 120.) _ owned plants. On adoption. (Adopted, 233 Present. to 184.) 88 ___ do_____ S. Con. Res. 11, reaffirming the friendship of the Yea. 122 ___ do_____ On Hardy amendment deleting authority to Yea. American people for all the peoples of the world, create new Government corporations by including the peoples of the Soviet Union. On Executive orders. On adoption. (.Adopted, adoption of conference report. (Adopted 351 to 6.) 250 to 167.) 89 June 27 Quortim call ... ·------Present. 123 ___ do_____ On amendment authorizing a roll-back of 10 per- Nay. 90 ___ do_____ H. R. 3283, amending the Agriculture Act of 1949 Yea. cent below the May 10, 1951, prices of agricul­ relative to recruitment of agricultural workers tural commodities. On adoption. (.Adopted, from foreign countries on the .mainland of the 234 to 183.) W astern Hemisphere. On pas~ge. (Passed, 240 124 ___ do.____ On Cole amendment providing a fair and equita- Yea. to 139.) ble margin for each species of livestock proc­ 91 ... do..... Quorum call.------Present. essed to insure a fair profit to all segments of 92 June 28 _____ do.------Present. the industry on each species. On adoption. H. Res. 287, a closed rule providing for the considera­ (Defeated, 166 to 249.) tion of H. J. Res. 277, making temporary appro­ 125 ... do.____ On Davis (Georgia) amendment providing that Nay. priations through July 31 for Government depart­ for a period of 120 days following enactment of ments pending enactment of 1952 appropriation bill prices and wages, salaries, and other com­ bills: pensation shall not be raised above the levels 93 ..• do_____ On ordering the previous question. (Adopted, Nay. prevailing on July 7, 1951, except that agricul­ 196to192.) tural products may not be prevented from 94 .•. do_____ On adoption. (Adopted, 195 to 191.) ______Nay. , reaching parity. On adoption. (Defeated, H. J. Res. 277, making temporary appropriations 172 to 243.) through July 31 for Government departments 126 ... do____ On Poage-Cole amendment to set up a formula, Nay. pending enactment of 1952 appropriation bills: including parity costs, for arriving at ceiling 95 ...do_____ On motion to recommit with instructions to in- Yea. prices for all commodities to insure a reason­ corporate certain amendments to effect a 10- able profit. On adoption. (Defeated, 181 to percent reduction in funds of departments and 233.) agencies, (Defeated, 190 to 200.) 127 __ _do_____ On amendment exempting strategic metals and Yea. 96 June 29 Quorum call. ______Present. minerals from ceiling prices when in short sup­ 97 . _.do ____ H. Res. 294, providing for the consideration of H.J. Yea. ply. On adoption. (Defeated, 200 to 216.) Res. 278, on adoption. (Adopted 297 to 85.) 128 ... do_____ On adoption of amendment deleting from the Yea. H. J. Res. 278, extending the Defense Production bill language authorizing the licensing of and Act of 1950 through July 31, 1951; the Housing and suspension of licenses of certain businesses Rent Act of 1947, as amended; and certain import covered by the scope of the bill. On adoption. control authority: . (Adopted, 333 to 82.) 98 ___ do____ On amendment preventing roll-backs or the Nay. 129 ___ do_____ On amendment deleting from the bill language Nay. lowering of price ceilings below those on enact­ relating to control of commodity speculation. ment date of resolution and prohibiting any On adoption. (.Adopted, 242 to 172.) new price ceilings on materials or services dur· 130 ___ do_____ On motion to recommit. On adoption. (De- Nay. ing the period of the temporary extension, ex­ feated, 117 to 299.) cept for the placing of price ceilings on agricul­ 131 ___ do_____ On passage. (Passed, 323 to 92.) ______Yea. tural commodities if they exceed their parity 132. July 25 Quorum call .. ------­ Present. price. On adoption. (Adopted, 232 to 159.) H. R. 3880, making appropriations for the Executive 99 .. _do.___ S. 1590, extending rent control in the District of Co­ Nay. Office and sundry independent offices for fiscal lumbia for 1 year. On adoption of conference re· year. 1952. (Conference report.): port. (Adopted, 242 to 126.) 133 ___ do_____ On motion to recommit to committee of confer- Yea. 100 June 30 II. J, Res. 277, making temporary. appropriations Yea. ence. On adoption. (Adopted, 188 to 186.) through July 31 for Government departments 134 July 26 Quorum call ______Present. pending enactment of 1952 appropriation bills. 135 ___ do_____ On motion to recommit to committee with in- Nay. On adoption of conference report. (Adopted, structions to reduce appropriation for the 256 to llU , international information and educational Present. activities of the State Department by $15 ~g~ _:~J~. ___ Quo~~-~-~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Present. million. On adoption. (Defeated, 142 to 103 . _. do ____ ----. do._------Present. 245.) Present. 136 July 27 Quorum call. ______Present. Present. 137 ___ do_____ H.J. Res. 289, terminating the state of war between Yea. Present. the United States and the Government of Ger­ m Present. many. On adoption. (Adopted. 378 to 0.) 108 ~~1~July 12~' ~~~J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~____ _do._------Present. 138 ___ do_____ H. Res. 335, providing for the consideration of H. R. 4484, confirming and establishing the titles of the Yea. Hin~tit3~'r.i~~:cf We1J~~iM~:A~~ ~~~Pcrtsar;; States to lands beneath navigable waters within fiscal 1952: State boundaries and to the natural resources 109. . ..do____ On rootion to recommit to committee on confer- Yea. within such lands and waters. (Tidelands.) On ence with instructions to insist on House pro­ adoption. (.Adopted, 270 to 92.) vision barring the filling of more than 25 per­ 139 July 30 Quorum call·------Present. cent of vacancies occurring in 1952 in the 140 ___ do _____ S. 1717, amending and extending for 1 year the De- Yea. offices, bureaus, etc., covered by this bill. On fense Production .Act of 1950. On adoption of adption. (Adopted, 223 to 170.) conference report. (Adopted, 294 to 80.) Present. 141. ___ do____ H. R. 4484, confirming and establishing the titles of Yea. Present. the States to lands beneath navigable waters within m112 ... ~~~~do .....~~ -~~~~~~~~======___ .. do .. ----_------Present. State boundaries and to the natural resources with-· 113 __ .do _____ ----.do ______------Present. in such lands and waters. (Tidelands.) On pas­ 114 July 17 _____ do .. ------Present. July 31 Quorumsage. (Passed,call ______265 to 109.) _ 115 July 18 _____ do __ ------Present. 142 Present. 116 July 19 _____ d0------Present. H. R. 3790, making appropriations for Department of 117 July 20 _____ do·------·------Present. Interior for fiscal year, 1952. (Conference report.) H. R. 3871, amending and extending for l year the 143 ___ do____ On motion to recommit to committee of confer- Yea. Defense Production Act of 1950: ence with instructions to insist on House pro­ 118 ___ do_____ On Andresen amendment restricting until Jtm.e Nay. vision barring the filling of more than 25 per­ 30, 1953, imports of fats and oils, cheese, dairy cent of vacancies occurring in 1952. (Recom- productst peanuts and rice. · On adoption. mitted, 189 tQ 170.) . (Adoptea 266 to 147.) · 144 1uly 31 Quorum can ______Present. 119 ___ do_____ On Davis (Wisconsin) amendment establishing Yea. 145 Aug. 1 _____ do ______------Present. 1 Government agency through which all 146 Aug. 2 _____ do_------Present. claims of municipalities for materials, etc., 147 Present. would be channeled. On adoption. (De­ 148 -~~t- ~- ::::: ~g=:::::::::::::::: :::::::: :::::::::::::::::::: Present. feated, 164 to 251.) 149 Aug. 9 _____ do.------: ·------Present. 120 ___ do_____ On Hope amendment preventing the placing of Nay. 150 Aug. 9 H. R. 5054. On passage. (Passed, 348 to 2,) ______Yea. quotas on livestock slaughtering. • On adoP­ 151 .Aug. 10 Quorum ca11------Present. tion. (Adopted, 249 to 167 .) 152 Aug. 13 _____ do-.------Present. CI-336 5348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 2

Roll- Roll­ call Date Measure, question, and resuit Vote call Date Measure, question, and result Vote No. No.

1951 1951 153 Aug. 14 Quorum call------Present. 189 Oct. 4 Quorum call------~------Present. 154 ___ do_____ H. R. 4914, authorizing certain construction at mili- Yea. 190 Oct. 5 __ ___do------Present. tary and naval installations. On passage. 191 ___ do _____ H. R. 5113, the Mutual Security Act of 1951. On Yea. (Passed, 353 to 5.) adoption of conference report. (Adopted, 235 to 155 ___ do _____ H. Con. Res. 140, expressing indignation at the Yea. 98.) arrest and conviction of William N. Oatis by the 192 Oct. 8 Quorum call------·------Present. Czechoslovakian Government. On adoption. 193 ___ do___ H. Res. 436, authorizing the Committee on Banking Yea. (Adopted, 363 to 1.) and Currency to conduct studies and investiga- 156 Aug. 15 Quorum call ______Present. tions relating to matters within its jurisdiction. H. R. 3880, making appropriations for the Executive On adoption. (Adopted, 284 to 15.) Office and sundry independent offices. (Confer­ S.1959, amending the National Labor Relations Act, ence report): as amended, to validate union-shop elections held 157 ___ do_____ On motion to recommit to conference com- Yea. 0 mittee with instructions to insist on House r;~~~-~;~e1~!J:~~~!~J ~ndfs~~n~e~fth ~~~ ~~ provi'lion relating to public housing. On quirement of existing law that an election be held adoption. (Defeated, 169 to 207.) before a labor organization and an employer may 158 ___ do_____ On adoption of conference report. (Adopted, Yea. make a union-shop agreement: 290 calLto 80.) ______; ______194 Oct. 9 On motion to recommit. On adoption. (De- Nay. 159 ___ do _____ Quorum Present. feated, 22 to 304.) S. 349, providing housing and community facilities 195 ___do____ On passage. (Passed, 307 to 18.)------Yea. and services in connection with the national de­ 196 Oct. 10 Quorum call------Absent. fense: H. R. 5650, making supplemental appropriations for 160 ___ do_____ On amendment fixing the termination date of Yea. the fiscal year, 1952: the act of June30, 1952, instead of Junr 30, 1953. 197 Oct. 11 - On motion to recommit to committee with Not voting. On adoption. (Defeated, 1S4 to 188.) instructions to strike out funds for Grandview 161 ___ do_____ On amendment striking out provision for acqui- Yea. Air Terminal, Missouri. On adoption. sition of sites for development in connection (Defeated, 127 to 183.) with isolated defense installations. On 198 ___ do____ On passage. (Passed, 301to19.)______Not voting. 162 Aug. 16 Quorumadoption. call ______(Defeat______ed,__ 175___ to______199.)______H. R. 4740, making appropriations for the Depart­ Present. ments of State, Justic~ Commerce, and the judi­ H. R. 3193, increasing and extending pensions to ciary for fiscal 1952. (uonference report): veterans with non-service-connected disabilities: 199 ___ do __ __ On motion the House recede and agree to a revi- Not voting. 163 Aug. 17 On overriding Presidential veto. (Overridden, Nay. sion of the language of the House bill relating 318 to 45.) to United States contributions to interna- H . R. 3973, making appropriations for the Depart­ tional organizations. On adoption. (Adopted, ment of Agriculture for the fiscal year, 1952. (Con­ 200 to 126.) ference report): 200 ___ do ____ H . R. 5684, making appropriations to carry out pro- Not voting 164 ___ do_____ On motion that House concur in an amendment Nay. visions of Mutual Security Act for the fiscal y ear providing additional $1 million for fighting ending June 30, 1952. On passage. (Passed, 222 to spruce bark beetle infestation. (Passed, 222 99.) to 138.) 201 Oct. 15 Quorum call ______Absent. 165 ___ do_____ On motion to recommit to Committee on For- Yea. 202 ___ do ____ H.R.5411,amendingPublicLaws815and874ofthe Not voting. eign Affairs with instructions to reduce funds 81st Cong. with respect to schools in critical de- · for economic aid by $350 million. On adop­ fense housing areas. OU'passage. (Passed, 257 to tion. (Recommitted, 186 to 177.) 55.) 166 ___ do____ Ou .passage. (Passed, 260 to 101.)------Yea. 203 Oct. 16 Quorum call_------Present. 167 Aug. 20 Quorum call------Present. 204 ___ do ______do. ------Present. 168 ___ do ______do __ ------Present. H. R. 4473, Revenue Act of 1951: 169 Aug. 21 _____ do_------~ ------! ______Present. 205 ___ do_____ On adoption of conference report. (Defeated, Yea. 170 Sept. 13 _____ do __ ------~------· Present. 157 to 204.) 171 ___ do ______do __ ------______Present. 206 Oct. 17 Quorum call------Present. 172 Sept. 14 _____ do------Present. 207 Oct. 18 H. Res. 463, providing for the consideration of H.J. Nay. 173 ___ do ______do __ ------Present. Res. 285, authorizing appropriation of $95,000 for 174 ___ do____ H. R . 1005, providing for the free Importation of baler Yea. commemoration of the one hundred and fiftieth twine: On passage. (Passed, 210 to 41.) anniversary of the establishment of the U.S. Mil­ 175 Sept. 18 Quorum call------Present. itary Academy. On adoption. (Adopted, 179 to Present. 149.) g~ ~:~t i: :::::~g=:::::::::::::::~::::::::::=:::::::::::::::::: Present. 208 ___ do_____ Quorum call ______Present. 178 · Sept. 24 _____ do __ ------~ -- c ______------Present. 209 ___ do _____ S. Con. Res. 36, authorizing the appointment of 14 Yea. 179 ___ dO----- H . R. 4419, authorizing the District of Columbia Yea. M embers of Congress to participate in a public Board of Education to employ up to 15 retired d~scussi~n with representatives. of the Consulta­ members of the armed services as teachers of mili­ tive Assembly of the Council of Europe. On tary science and tactics. On passage. (Passed, adoption. (Adopted, 237 to 75.) 238 to 53.) 210 ___ do_____ Quorum call ______, ______Present. 180 _. _do____ _ Quorum call.------Present. S. 355, adjusting the salaries of postmasters, super- 181 Sept. 25 ___ __ do ___ __------Present. 182 ___ do_____ S. 2006, increasing the lending authority of the Yea. p~~[s6iii~ :J3~t~~£~i;nE the field service of the Export-Import Bank of Washington and extend­ 211 ___ do_____ On adoption of conference report. (Adopted, Yea. ing its life 5 years to June 30, 1958. On passage. 339 to 7.) (Passed, 259 to 69.) S. 622, increasing the basic rates of compensation of 183 ___ do_____ H. Res. 429, providing for the consideration of H. R. Yea. officers and employees of the Federal Government: 39, a bill for the development of marketing facilities 212 ___ do_____ On adoption of conference report. (Adopted, Yea. for handling perishable agricultural commodities. 318 to 26.) On adoption. (Adopted, 211-112.) 213 ___ do _____ Quorum call------Present. H. R. 39, providin!!: for the development of market­ H. R. 4473, the Revenue Act of 1951: ing facilities for handling perishable agricultural 214 ___ do_____ On adoption of conference report. (Adopted, Yea. commodities: 185 to 160.) 184 Sept. 26 On motion to recommit to committee. On adop­ Yea. H. R. 3669, amending the Railroad Retirement Act tion. (Recommitted, 180 to 162.) of 1937 to increase the monthly benefits paid to 185 Sept. 27 Quorum calL------Present. retired railroad employees: 186 ___ do_____ H. Res. 430, providing for the consideration of Nay. 215 ___ do_____ On adoption of conference report. (Adopted, Yea. H. Res. 82, relating to the unification of Ireland. 341 to 0.) On adoption. (Defeated, 139 to 206.) 216 Oct. 20 Quorum calL ______Present. 187 ___ do_____ Quorum calL------Present. S. 1864, providing or assisting in providing an auto­ 188 Oct. 4 H. R. 5118, amending the Social Security Act to pro­ Nay. mobile or making a cash payment to certain vide unemployment insurance for Federal civilian disabled veterans: . employees. On suspension of the rules and pas­ 217 ___ do_____ On overriding Presidential veto. (Overridden, Nay. sage. (Defeated, 197 to 140.) 223 to 53.)

May Day: United States Way printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD American community, demonstrate May an address I made yesterday in Burling­ Day, the United States way. The theme ton, Wis., on the celebration of May Day: chosen today to symbolize this patriotic EXTENSION OF REMARKS United States Way. ceremony ap-propriately sets forth the differ­ OF ence between our way of life and that offered There being no objection, the address to the world by international communism. HON. WILLIAM F. KNOWLAND was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "Faith shall make you free," is not a slogan OF CALIFORNIA as follows: for Americans; it i~ the very foundation on "MAY DAY: UNITED STATES WAY" which our country and Government are IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES based. Monday, May 2, 1955 (Address by Senator WILLIAM F. KNOWLAND Ten days ago, the central committee of in Burlington, Wis., May 1, 1955) the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I Fellow Americans, it is fitting today that issued through its official news service, Tass, ask unanimous consent that there be the citizens of Burlington, Wis., a typical 69 annual May Day slogans. These slogans 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5349 were broadcast to their satellites 1n Europe righteousness? And what communion has The bones of the repudiated Soviet trea· and in Asia and, bearing the official stamp light with darkness?" ties and agreements with Latvia., Lithuania, of the Communist rulers in the Kremlin, . As for me, as long as I have a voice and a Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bul· represent communism's May Day sentiments vote in the Senate of the United States garia, Czechoslovakia, Finland, and the Re­ to the world. I shall oppose the admission of Communist public of China, together with the 1933 Lit­ I want to quote you just two of the 69 China. vinov compact with the United States, are official May Day slogans of the Communist We must always disth;iguish between the there for all to see. Party. One reads as follows, and I quote: people of Russia and their Communist Krem­ More recently the violations of the Korean "Fraternal greetings to all the peoples fight­ lin masters. The Russian people were the and Geneva armistice agreements by Com­ ing for peace, democracy, for socialism." first victims of the godless Marxian tyranny munist China are an additional warning sig­ And I might say, socialism is in capital of Lenin and Stalin. nal against placing either our faith or the letters. The struggle for power goes on in the survival of our friends and allies on the cyni­ The last slogan reads, "Under the banner Kremlin. The tactics may change with the cal smiling facade of a brutal Chou En-lai. of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalinf under the faction temporarily in power. The long­ I, for one, do not believe the Communist leadership of the Communist Party, forward term strategy for the destruction of human leopard has changed its spots. Their ob­ to the victory of communism!" freedom continues throughout the world by jective has been, is, and will continue to be Fellow Americans, contrast those slogans Communist aggression from without or by the destrcution of human freedom. with the sentiments which are in your hearts subversion from within. Unless there is some formula regarding today. Contrast them with our spiritual There will never be peace in our time in which I have not been advised and which is theme today, "Faith makes men free." any real sense until the people of Russia and difficult for me now to envision, I find it hard Communism which is stalking over the China have thrown out their Communist to comprehend how we could enter into di­ world today, is the denial of religious faith masters and established justice in their poli­ rect negotiations with Communist China and at the same time a denial of human tical system, freed their economy from the without the interests of the Republic of freedom Communist is godless. It is dead hand of statism concentrated on arm­ China being deeply involved. also a system of slavery based on contempt ament production and, more important than History teaches us that prior experience for, and oppression of, the common man. all, reopened their churches so that the of great powers negotiating in the absence But there is that which will defeat com­ guidance of the Father of us all may replace of small allies has not reflected great credit munism. It is just the twofold vital quality the godless teachings of Marx, Lenin, and upon the large nations, and has been disas­ which all people of courage have wielded as Stalin. trous to the small ones. For reference, I their weapon-faith in God and faith in The crucifix is a more potent force than refer to Munich and its impact upon Czecho­ human freedom. These are indestructible the clenched fist of communism. slovakia, and to Yalta and its impact upon and while we cling to them we are inde­ When the people of Russia and China gain Poland and the Republic of China. structible, too. their freedom from the tyranny which tem­ Patrick Henry, on March 23, 1775, in the At the time of Yalta, just 10 years ago, less porarily rules them we should make it known Virginia Legislature, said: "Is life so dear, than 200 million people were behind the that our friendship and our assistance will or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the Communist iron curtain. Today, over 800 be available for the establishment of peace price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Al­ million people are enslaved by the most with honor in a truly free world of freemen. mightly God: I know not what course others godless tyranny the world has ever known. We seek not 1 foot of their territory nor may take, but as for me, give me liberty or Despite the fact that the Soviet Union control over a solitary one of their people. give me death." has violated its treaties of friendship and We only want for them the cherished free­ In his day, Lincoln understood that this nonaggression with Finland, Poland, Latvia, dom to worship God according to the dic­ Nation could not continue "half slave and Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Rumania, Bul­ tates of their conscience; to have in the half free." garia, Czechoslovakia, and the Republic of hands of a truly free people the right of In 1865 at his second inaugural, Lincoln China, there are still some who believe that self-determination on who shall constitute expanded this doctrine when he said: the way to deal with an international bully their government and the right to change "Fellow citizens, we cannot escape his­ is by more appeasement. it by the decision of 200 million people rather tory-we here have the power and bear the At Munich the world should have learned than a cabal of less than a dozen power­ responsibility-in giving freedom to the slave that the road to appeasement is not the road mad men in the Kremlin who threaten the we assure freedom to the free. We shall to peace, it is surrender on the installment peace of the world; and to be able to enjoy nobly save or we shall meanly lose this last plan. the fruits of their labor and a rising standard best hope of earth." The Soviet Union is an admitted violator of living. Just recently, I had a letter from an Air of the United Nations charter and the reso­ We should look upon the people within the Force pilot in Formosa. In his letter to me lutions in support of the Republic of Korea, Iron .Curtain as our friends and allies. In­ of February 12, this pilot wrote: a victim of communistic aggression on June deed, should their totalitarian masters em­ "As an Air Force jet pilot assigned to this 25, 1950. Yet now the Soviet Union is sup­ bark upon further aggression the temporarily island for the next 2 years, I am sure my in­ porting the admission of the aggressor, Com­ enslaved people may turn out to be among terest in lasting world peace is as acute as munist China, into that organization. our stoutest allies. is any American. Such action would violate the moral foun­ Such a policy does not contemplate ag­ "The presence here of my wife and chil­ dation upon which the United Nations is gression on the part of the free world. But d.ren tends to intensify my natural desire supposed to rest. It would be putting a it does require that we never by word or that no one toss any atom or hydrogen premium on aggression. It would serve no­ deed give our moral or legal blessing to the bombs this way. tice that the quickest way to membership enslavement of the 800 million people behind "I am quite convinced that my best is by shooting your way in. It would be a the Communist Iron Curtain. chances as well as those of my country and betrayal of the 140,000 American casualties Such a policy would contemplate the ap­ the entire free world rest with the firm 'stop including 35,000 of our dead. plication of moral, economic, and diplomatic the Communist march' movement which The Chinese Communists, in violation of sanctions against the international Commu­ you so forcibly represent. I have flown 400 the armistice, admit they hold 15 American nist conspiracy which is dedicated to the combat missions and would rather fly 400 airmen; 11 of these have been sentenced to destruction of the free way of life. Human more than to see my kind of a world go down Communist prisons. There is strong reason freedom is a God-given right beyond the the drain 1 island or 1 small country to believe they hold several hundred other power of dictatorships to permanently at a time. United States and United Nations military destroy. · "America must wake up to the real inten· prisoners. We know they hold over 30 · There are many persons at home and tions of communism and take real and pur­ American civilians who have been in jail abroad who believe the Chinese Communists poseful steps to frustrate those intentions." for several years. are now merely following a long-established · This I believe: Under the divine guidance As long as one American in the armed technique to use negotiations (as at Pan­ that made us and kept up a free nations, this services or in civilian life is unjustly held, munjom) for the purpose of building up generation of Americans will not sacrifice I shall not remain silent. their striking power. principle for expediency; nor cringe in the What does the United Nations intend to Their minimum price will be a downpay­ face of brutal naked aggression and we will do about.it? What are the American people ment of the offshore island groups of Que­ not barter friends and allies in the Western going to do about it? moy and Matsu. Their ultimate price, which Hemisphere, in Europe, Africa, or Asia, in a Based alone on the Soviet Union's failure they will hope to get by negotiation or dishonorable appeasement at a Far Eastern to support the United Nations action in through the United Nations, or by armed Munich or a second Yalta. Korea and to abide by its charter obliga­ conflict, will be Formosa and membership i.n With the same courage and common sense tions the Soviet Union should have been the United Nations. . that motivated the men who sat as Phila­ expelled from membership. In the long history of the Soviet Union or delphia and gave us, first, our Declaration of Have we forgotten the Biblical injunction the shorter history of Communist China Independence and later our Constitution in Second Corinthians: "Be ye not unequally there 1s nothing to demonstrate that the there, are none of our domestic problems yoked together with unbelievers; for what Communist pledged word 1s worth the paper which we as a free people cannot solve and fellowship has righteousness with un- on which it is written. there is no foreign foe we need ever fear. 5350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE May. 2 Loyalty Day Ceiebration at INSTILLING PATRIOTISM IN YOUNG PEOPLE I refer to Poland-devout, faithful, gal­ I am particularly thrilled by what you are lant Poland, now enslaved under the heel -Burlington, Wis. doing today-the example you are setting­ of the Communist aggressor. for the young people in our midst. On this Loyalty Day, we pledge to Poland Every parent among you who· has a. child our continued warm friendship. And to all EXTENSION OF REMARKS at his side or a child in his arms or a child the other lands under the yoke of the Red OF at home, can feel a well-justified glow of tyrant--to the people of Eastern Germany, pride. the people of the Baltic and Balkan States­ HON. ALEXANDER WILEY You are showing the children of Racine we pledge they shall yet be free. OF WISCONSIN County and surrounding counties and of all We shall never accept their, condition of enslavement. We shall never recognize their IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES America, what it means to be an American. You proved in the houses of worship ear­ domination under the heel of the godless Monday, May 2, 1955 lier today that love of God is a sinew of love tyrant. of our country and. all that it stands for. WE PLEDG VIGILANCE AT OUR RAMPARTS · Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, yesterday And, too, in the great patriotic demonstra­ it was my privilege to address an out­ tion which we have been witnessing, you We pledge, today, moreover our vigilance standing . patriotic celebration at Bur­ have been showing that we must prove in against the armed aggressor who has enslaved lington, Wis., which was part of the Na­ deeds, as well as by our words that we are these people. We pledge our strength to be faithful to this land-the finest, freest, most on the alert against this Commu.nist enemy. tion's wide observance of May Day­ We pledge our awareness of our own danger Loyalty Day. magnificent country ever to exist on the face of the earth. to enemy attack, our awareness of the dan­ I commented on various phases of the You are proving your allegiance to your ger of an atomic Pearl Harbor-which must challenge to America's patriotic citizens, Government, to our constitutional Republic, never occur. including our need for upholding our end the longest-lived miajor Government on For you and I know that man's ingen.uity in the battle of ideas throughout the earth today. has contracted space and time. Wisconsin world. You are showing how May Day has been is now next-door neighbor to all the world restored as a hallowed day, after years and in this age of supersonic speed. I also referred to the problem of the We are but 3,500 miles away from Soviet impact of American motion pictures years in which May Day had been taken over by the enemies of America for their airbases and launching sites. overseas. own propaganda purposes. By means of the great circle aerial route, I ask unanimous consent that the text You are establishing a basis for rededica­ Milwaukee and the other cities of the Middle of the address which I delivered and the tion to America, not just on one day a year, West are nearer to attack than are the cities text of a pertinent editorial which was but 365 days a year. of the East. That is why our defense author­ carried in the April 28 issue of the Chris­ And, too, you are today showing the full ities have made Milwaukee a_"Nike" guided tian Science Monitor, entitled "The Cel­ splendor of the American heritage. missile site. It is the heritage purchased for us by As a matter of fact, we of America today luloid Ally," be printed in the CoN­ are imperiled basically by three types of GREssioNAL RECORD. blood and tears of heroic generations gone by. possible long-range attack: There being no objection, the address It is a heritage of unparalleled wealth, not First, by intercontinental bomber: and editorial were ordered to be printed just material wealth, but, far more impor­ Second, by intercontinental guided mis­ in the RECORD, as follows: tant, wealth in things of the spirit. sile (guided to its target by electronic de­ SENATOR WILEY URGES "365-DAY DEDICATION vices); and AMERICA'S MATERIAL WEALTH Third, by intercontinental ballistic mis­ TO UNITED STATES"; URGES HOLLYWOOD SIFT In material wealth, we are the envy of OUT OBJECTIONABLE MOVIES FROM OVERSEAS sile. (Such a missile can be shot from a SHOWINGS the world. launching site like a bullet from a gun or our abundance-producing agriculture, .our a shell from a cannon.) Many years ago, when the first telegraph humming factories, our crowded, thriving Such a ballistic missile, unlike the guided message was clicked out, the message read, stores, the happy faces of our contented missile, could not be "jammed" by counter­ "What hath God wrought?" people-these are the admiration of the electronic devices. Once it is shot from its Today, we proudly see and hail what world. site at a speed of perhaps 10,000 miles per faith-faith in America-has wrought. We we are but 165 million people out of 27'2 hour, nothing now known could stop it, see that faith has "moved mountains," billion on earth. But we have one'."half of except perhaps another missile or other device mountains of fear and despair and other the weal th of the world today in our own to ram it. Such an intercontinental missile, limitations to bring into being and to pre­ country. The total production of all our when it is developed 5 or 10 years from now, serve the greatest country on earth. goods and services amounts to over $367 might be able to reach Burlington or any And so, I am thrilled to be with you today billion; 49 percent of our families enjoy an other city of Wisconsin-just one-half hour at this historic ceremony. income of $5,000 a year, or more. after it might be shot from its Soviet launch­ I am delighted that it is the patriotic And income is becoming distributed ever ing site. That is why it is we who must leaders of my own State-you here in Bur­ more -equitably among our people. develop an intercontinental ballistic mis­ lington and surrounding areas-who are sile-an IBM-first, not second. We dare not stirring this Nation by your great patriotic OUR PRICELESS FREEDOMS But we possess an infinitely greater be second-best. We must be first in this demonstration. technological race. We must have the The eyes of all America are rightly upon wealth. I refer to our freedoms, the tangible and intangible freedoms guaranteed to us strongest possible deterrents to aggression. you-and with deepest of pride. · It is of these facts that we must be aware. DEMONSTRATING AMERICANISM under our sacred Bill of Rights, the free­ doms which make the state the servant of This is a part of intelligent, thinking citizen­ Here, today, you are expressing the finest man, instead of man the servant of the ship-not just 1 day a year-but all 365 days. in American ideals. state. We must be aware that the American con­ You are showing by the flags that wave I refer to freedom of speech, press, tinent has already been crossed by jet plane aloft and the flags, so to speak, that wave religion, and assembly, freedom to own prop­ in 3% hours, and that the Atlantic Ocean has in your hearts and shine in your faces-you erty, freedom to work at a place and under been crossed from Newfoundland to Ireland are showing by these beautiful floats, by the conditions pf our own choosing. in less than that 'time. magnificent bands and marching groups­ And greatest of all our wealth is the We must be aware of the fact that we have what it means to be a dedicated, loyal, wealth of the human spirit, of free men wisely erected a worldwide chain of ram­ reverent American. under God who are able to worship as they parts, defensive air bases in Greenland, Ice­ And what a contrast Loyalty Day here is please-as you and I have worshipped land, Britain, North Africa, Turkey, Greece, to May day abroad-particularly in the fear­ today-in the faith of our fathers, and free­ and elsewhere. These bases grimly tell the filled, hate-filled centers of our godless dom to grow, to develop. Kremlin in the only language it understands, enemy, in Moscow and in other headquarters And there is the wealth of American cul­ the language of potential force, that we are of the atheistic Communist conspiracy. ture, of our great literature, our music, our on the alert.' Today, here, in God-loving America, you art, our poetry, to which you and I are heir. WE HAVE FAITH WAR WILL NOT COME are showing what it is to be a real Yankee No land in the world today enjoys wealth Doodle Dandy. You are recapturing the de­ These facts .do not mean that we believe or a standard of living such as this, particu­ that war will come, or that war is inevitable. votion, the enthusiasm, the giving of one's larly the countries from which many of us self, which has helped America through all here in Wisconsin and from which many of On the contrary, it is our firm faith t'hat its severest crises. our forebears have come. · war is not inevitable, that it can be avoided, · This was the spirit which saw us through provided we are strong. Valley Forge; it was the spirit of Gettys­ A PLEDGE OF FRIENDSHIP TO POLAND We ·must, of course, be invincible in rela­ burg, and San Juan Hill, and the Argonne I point out to you, for example, that next tion to Red Russia. We must be invincible Forest, Iwo Jim,a, and Heartbreak Ridge. Tuesday, May 3, is the national holiday of a in relation to Red China, strong and firm in It is the spirit of Burlington, Wis., May Day­ great land from which many of Wisconsin's our insistence on concrete demonstrations Loyalty Day, 1955. people and their forefathers had come. on her part that she means peace, not war. 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5351 Chou En-lai and Mao Tse-tung cannot be The major film producers themselves bave But application of patriotism to produc­ trusted any more than Krushchev or Molotov done a fine job for America by and large at tion of films to be shown throughout the can be trusted. Deeds still speak louder than home and abroad. They and the theatre world is a complex and often exacting re­ words. owners have contributed abundantly to all quirement. If the Reds really mean peace with regard sorts of charitable and good-will causes. It involves, indeed, the challenging artistic to Formosa, as we hope they do, then let them Ours is the only nonsubsidized motion pic­ problem of presenting American life as it prove 1t by acts. ture industry in the world, and it is the envy really is. This is an exercise in selectivity As for ourselves, we truly want peace in of the world. and emphasis guided by a sense of cultural, the western Pacific and everywhere else. But a small minority among the film com­ social, and moral values which not only Eu­ We will talk over issues, but we will not panies seem occasionally more interested in ropeans but Americans themselves often feel cringe; we will not abandon principle nor greedy profit, in squeezing the last possible is wanting in film entertainment. our Nationalist Chinese ally; we will not dollar from the overseas market, than they One often hears it said that Europeans appease. The rule of reason in ~egotiation are interested in contributing to an accurate "must like our films, they patronize them will prevail, but never the rule of surrender. picture of America by withholding some pos­ enough." Undoubtedly the resources, the We want those 15 United States airmen­ sibly misleading films. photograp:Qy, direction, and other aspects of totally unjustly imprisoned-back; and we The American people-or some of them­ technicial finish make ·American movies demand the return of all the other impris­ may be able to stomach some of these sin­ relatively attractive even when story content oned Americans, as well. We do not propose strewn films. An American can ordinarily is poor or misleading. But it is one thing to abandon a single United States serviceman interpret such films in proper perspective. for mass audiences abroad to like the pic­ or civilian. He will know that this is not the real Amer­ tures as sheer entertainment and quite an­ The righteousness, strength, and faith ica, although it may characterize a very small other for them to like the country they be­ which made us free will keep us free. part of America. lieve these films portray. This faith which can move mountains can But foreign peoples-who know very little Europeans who know America well often also move the course of world events. of our country, who don't have a sufficient Temark the disparity between their own first­ background properly to interpret these pic­ WINNING WAR OF IDEAS hand impressions of American life and those tures, can be utterly confused by this type of they receive from films. They note that But guns and steel alone will not protect misleading film. Americans do not spend most of their wak­ us in this world today. We are in a critical MORE VOLUNTARY FILM SELF-REGULATION ing hours in cocktail lounges, that they are worldwide battle of ideas, of free ideas not all glamorous mannequins or limousine­ against slave ideas. NEEDED What is the answer? The answer is inten­ ensconced racketeers. And it is on this last point that I should They note that there are families in Amer­ like to make these concluding remarks. sified voluntary self-regulation by the film industry. It must sift out more of these mis­ ica as in Europe, and that they live in quiet, It is up to us as loyal Americans to tell and cozy, modest little houses, planning the chil­ sell the American story to the peoples of the leading films. It has already sifted out many such films and prevented their distribution dren's education, how to plant the new world. We have made great progress toward garden, where to spend a holiday. this end. The leading patriotic organiza­ in countries where they could do harm. t ions of America-the church, fraternal, vet­ But the fact of the matter is, and it is Films that show this side of American erans', labor, business, and other groups­ attested by leading authorities of the indus­ life are sometimes seen in other countries. have acquainted the rest of mankind with try itself, that some motion pictures have And when they are first-class films their au­ much of the true meaning of America·. been shown in some countries overseas which diences like not only the films themselves In particular, a great many Hollywood mo­ very definitely should not have been shown. but the country they represent. tion pictures have been shown throughout Even so renowned and universally respect­ the world which have thrilled audiences to ed a trade publication as the newspaper the fine meaning . of America. These films Variety has just recently headlined the deep have faithfully shown the real America of concern of many industry people, themselves, The Fore st Service the grassroots-the America of devotion to over some types of films which are going God, the America of wholesome individual overseas. enterprise, of building great and everlasting I, of course, do not believe in Government EXTENSION OF REMARKS and universal values. censorship. I fought against Federal censor­ ship of Hollywood when it was proposed. OF SOME FILMS DO US HARM ABROAD But I say that the American people will . On the other hand, I say very sincerely and insist that we not be misrepresented in the HON. D.R. (BILLY) MATTHEWS frankly that one of our serious problems to­ eyes of the world. OF FLORIDA day is that some of the motion pictures be­ The Reds are pouring out enough filth IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing sent abroad by private firms depict a dis­ about us without our adding to our own Monday, May 2, 1955 torted kind of America. Such films-in the problem. name of so-called realism-have portrayed It is up to Hollywood, therefore to demon­ Mr. MATTHEWS. Mr. Speaker, un­ an America of sex, sin and sadism, of gang­ strate its further loyalty-loyalty which I der leave to extend my remarks in the sterism, corruption, filth, and degradation. know to be a fact, by taking the appropriate CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I should like Such films-few in number-but powerful voluntary action. An unscrupulous few in effect, have literally been poisoning the should not be in a position to tarnish the to pay tribute to the United States minds of some people in the world against .good name of the overwhelming mass of Department of Agriculture's Forest us. These films are causing the very opposite deeply responsible industry leaders. Service, which this year observes its of the friendly effect which should be cre­ CONCLUSION golden anniversary. On April 27, Mr. ated, if we are to defeat Soviet propaganda. Meanwhile, it is up to you and to me at C. E. Bell, vice president of the Seaboard While the United States Government will Air Line Railroad Co., and Mr. Norman be spending some $80 million of your tax­ the grassroots or in Washington to do our part in telling and selling the American Quayle, assistant traffic manager, both payers ~ money for a worldwide program of .truth, a few films produced privately in story right here at home. We must re­ of Norfolk, Va., saluted the United States Hollywood or elsewhere have been undoing, affirm our gratitude for our American bless­ Department of Agriculture's Forest in part, the very objective for which we, as ings. We must demonstrate dynamic, active Service by presenting to the chief ·of the a people, are striving. _citizenship-365 days a year. Forest Service, Mr. Richard E. McArdle, - We must demonstrate our gratitude for And so I want to issue this word of cau­ the unexcelled privileges and rights which in his office a menu of the Seaboard Air tion, frankly and emphatically, to the mo­ are ours-"the jewels of great price." Line Railroad which contained on the tion-picture film companies. We must demonstrate our faith that this back cover a tribute to the splendid It ls not a new word of caution. I have Nation, "of, by and for the people," shall not work of the Forest Service: I am consulted with them in the past in connec­ perish from the earth. pleased to include this information, and tion with the work of our Senate Foreign And by our faith, this objective shall be Relations Subcommittee on Overseas· Infor­ in so doing, I want to pay tribute to the fulfilled. · Our Government shall remain the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, which mation programs. I have advised the com­ light of the world and the beacon for all panies as to the seriousness of the problem. mankind. serves so much of the Eighth Congres­ I had met with ·some of their outstanding sional District of Florida, for the interest leaders, and I am.glad to say I found in those they take in the forestry improvement of leaders a deep patriotic awareness of their THE CELLULOID ALLY our State and Nation, and I also want international responsibilities. Certainly, for "Poor patriotism is bad business." Thus to pay tribute to the United States De­ example, too, the president of the Motion speaks the chairman of the Motion Picture ·Picture Association of America, Mr. Eric Producers' Association. Mr. Y. Frank Free­ partment of Agriculture's Forest Serv­ Johnston, has proven his tremendous devo­ man's declaration is a welcome sign of a sense ice. The Seaboard's tribute follows: tion to this country both in that capacity of responsibility in tbe film industry for We salute the United States Department and in many other roles in which he has the effects of American movies on the United of Agriculture's Forest Service, w;b.ich this " served America long and well. States' world prestige. year observes its golden anniversary. 5352 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD - -HOUSE May 2 There being no objection,· the article !em 'Steadily- and seen it' whole. - He alone "Established in 1905, under the admin­ seems fully to· understand that the only istration of Theodore Roosevelt, the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, thing wrong with the Germans is that the "United States Forest Service had as its as follows: power politics of envious neighbors has not first chief, Gifford Pinchot. Making HERE AND .ABROAD permitted them to form that more perfect forestry the Nation's business, Roosevelt (By Austin J. App, Ph. D.) union of a.If German lands which is their inalienable right. and Pinchot built up the national forests THE UNITED GERMAN HUNGARIANS HONOR. withdrawn from the public domain to SENATOR LANGER Senator Langer on the German expelle_es -173 million acres. Through their efforts On Easter Sunday, April 10, the 10th Senator LANGER fough.t the brave fight to groundwork was laid for the eventual Easter after the infamous Yalta agreement, get the mails opened to Germany, .to get purchase of additional millions of acres which plotted the most tragic expulsions in .relief allowed for the Germans, to stop dis­ on the watersheds of navigable streams. history, the United German Hungarians of mantling, to get confiscated private German Jointly they made both people and Con­ Philadelphia and vicinity are honoring with property returned, to get justice for German gress conservation-minded. a dinner and plaque the man who did most soldiers accused of war crimes at Malmedy in the United States Senate to make known and elsewhere, to have German prisoners of Since those early years the United and to alleviate the plight of the ethnic Ger­ war sent home, and to remove the mo and States Forest Service has been the sym­ man expellees-Senator WILLIAM LANGER, of UNRRA discriminations against German bol o{ integrated land use. It will con­ North Dakota. The dinner, under the immigration. tinue to face new problems in making chairmanship of Mr. Joseph Wolf, will be But what the whole 'world will probably the multiple use concept a reality for the at 3 p. m. in the hall at 2007- 2013 North longest thank him for is his championship of increasing population of our Nation. Second Street. - the 12 million surviving German expellees, The United States Forest Service has For Senator LANGER, coming to Phila:. victims of the greatest of the many crimes been a tremendous factor in the coop­ delphia will be revisiting familiar scenes, for imbedded in the Yalta and Potsdam pacts. he was twice honored here before. On Here are just a few excerpts on the "Inhuman erative approach to forestry problems. March 26, 1949, at a testimonial dinner at Mass Deportations" from his great speech in Their work in fire protection, in produc­ the Adelphia Hotel, sponso:red by the P11-s­ the Senate on April 5, 1949, entitled, "Ger­ tion and distribution of nursery stock, torius Unit, Steuben Society of America, he many and the ECA: If Western Civilization in extension-education, and in technical was presented with a magnificent portrait of Is To Survive in Europe It Must Survive in service to small owers have been major himself painted by Mr. Conrad Linke, o~t­ Germany." factors in strengthening State forestry. standing artist of Philadelphia. On Febru­ _ Referring to a directive entitled "Popula­ The Service has spearheaded research in ary 19, 1950, under the joint sponsorship of tion Transfers," Senator LANGER says it con:. forest management, range management, the United Action Committee for Expellees cerns "one of the greatest crimes against and the United German Hungarians, he was humanity in all history," and declares: watershed management, fire control, for­ honored with a purse and dinner in the "Nowhere in recorded history has such .a est- products, forest insect control and United German Hungarian Hall as the coura­ grim chapter of brutality been written than for est disease control. geous champion of the cause of the German in the account of what has already taken Today, more than 10,000 men and wo­ expellees. In those years the so-called Lan­ place in eastern Europe. Already, fro"m fif­ men employed in this organization are ger amendment had finally succeeded in teen to twenty million people have been up­ charged with the responsibility of de­ making possible the first immigration to rooted bodily from their ancestral homes of veloping the multiple-use concept on 181 America of people of German ethnic origin, -a thousand years and thrown into the tor­ million acres of national forests in ad­ who had before been totally discriminated ment of a living hell, to perish, or be driven against. Since then the full German quotas like cattle across the wastes of eastern Eu­ dition to assisting State forestry organ­ have been restored, many thousands of new rope. Women and children, the old and the izations on cooperative programs. German immigrants have come to America helpless, the innocent and the guilty alike In the six Southeastern States served and can look gratefully upon Senator LAN• have been subjected to cruelties which have by the Seaboard, more than 110 million GER'S pioneer efforts in their behalf, and never been surpassed, even by the Nazis acres are classified as timber cropland. West Germany has been given sovereignty themselves." There are 15 national forests in these -and admitted to a nearly equal partnership Langer first in the Senate to prove expulsions States, with an acreage comprismg with America, Britain, and France in the a war crime defense of Europe. 5,427,049. These forests furnish timber Senator LANGER then cited count 3, section for the manufacture of lumber, pulp, and Senator Langer still on the job for justice J, of the Nuremberg indictments and boldly paper, and furniture, valued in 1953 at By a strange irony when the Senate on declared: "as far back as November 17, 1944, $2,464,000,000. The Seaboard Air Line April 2 ratified the Paris Pact, by a vote of 76 President Roosevelt agreed in principle to Railroad Co. works closely with indus­ to 2, one of the dissenting votes was that the very procedure which is now listed as a ·try, ·state forestry organizatfons; -and -of Senator LANGER. The first voice in the -war crime by the Nuremberg tribunal." .Senate which from 1945 on was raised against He then also cites Churchill's statement the Federal Forest Service toward for­ the criminal Allied policies of dismantling, in the House of Commons on December 15, es try betterment which contributes to perpetual disarmament, dismembering Ger­ 1944, in which Churchill likewise proposed our higher standard of living. many was now once again almost a lone this crime of expulsion, urging (in Churchill's _voice to protest the most shameful pro­ own words) "the total expulsion of the Ger­ visions of the Paris Pact, the Saar Statute. mans from the area to be acquired by Poland It was a shameful choice which the Western in the west and the south." Churchill at Big Three had given the Bonn government: that time added, "For expulsion is the Thu United German Hungarians Honor either to sacrifice the Saar and its people to method which, so far as we can see, will be Hon. William Langer, of North Dakota France, or to suffer denial of sovereignty and ·the most satisfactory and lasting." self-defense. In such an alternative, what Well, while Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin could Bonn and the West German people were plotting the expulsion of millions of EXTENSION OF REMARKS do but accept the betrayal of the Saar in East, Sudeten, Balkan Germans, in the great­ OF return for sovereignty and self-defense, both est mass crime of history, they were also inalienable rights which it had been a crime blueprinting how t_o hang Germans for hav:. ·in the first place to take away. ing committed a few minor expulsions in­ HON. OLIN D. JOHNSTON But what the German people had to accept OF SOUTH CAROLINA volving thousands of people, not many mil­ in silent desperation, an American Senator lions, as behooves master-criminals who at IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES had the right and the courage to protest. Yalta presumed to remake the world in 5 When he saw that the Paris Pact, the best days. Monday, May 2, 1955 bone Germany could get from the dogs at her throat, was sure to pass, he rose to regis­ We resolve: the expulsion must not prove Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. satisfactory and lasting Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent ter his protest against their flagrant anti­ German injustice of the pact. As the Phila­ It was Senator LANGER, wno more clearly to have printed in the CONGRESSIONAL delphia Bulletin reported it (April 2, 1955): than anyone else in the Senate, recognized RECORD an article entitled "The United "Senator LANGER who voted with Senator the mass expulsions of ·Yalta and Potsdam German Hungarians Honor Senator MALONE against the treaty predicted that ~or the enormous crimes that they were­ LANGER," which was published in the col­ 'the Saar question will rise up and haunt and who spoke out against them. He was umn entitled "Here and Abroad, a the signatories of this treaty and in my one of the first to help prove Churchill Weekly Chat," by Austin J. App, pub­ .opinion will be one of the causes of a wrong in making these criminal expulsions world war'." satisfactory and lasting. It is up to all of lished in the Nord-Amerika Donnerstag, God bless Senator LANGER. Of all the men -us to see to it that these expulsions will not of April 7, 1955. The article concerns in the Senate Senator LANGER most coura­ last, that the expellees will get their homes one of our colleagues, the Senator from geously and farsightedly has from the begin­ and homelands back. We must dedicate North Dakota [Mr. LANGER]. ning and even now seen the German prob- ourselves to proving that this greatest of all 1955 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5353 international crimes, the expulsion of 15 become increasingly acute by 1960, so we areas putting up money for the Pacific million Germans, will not pay. must get a major power project started Northwest. Let the Langer dinner this Easter at the United German Hungarian hall both honor at once. Hearings on H. R. 5789, I understand, Senator LANGER for his great work and alsa Aware of . the growing reluctance of will be held soon. There are many de­ strengthen our resolve to carry on what he the Congress for the Federal Govern­ tails which will have · to be spelled out. started. The United German Hungarians, ment to assume the huge financial in­ No doubt there will be some areas for their president, Mr. Joseph Ball; the chair­ vestment of the Pacific Northwest power dispute as between private, municipal, man, Mr. Joseph Wolf; their helpers; and the projects, President Eisenhower proposed and local, publicly owned distributors Ladies Auxiliary-all deserve our support a partnership program where local in­ of electric power. But in general the peo­ and thanks for this dinner in honor of Sen­ terests would pay for power-generating ple of the Pacific Northwest will whole­ ator WILLIAM LANGER. facilities while the Federal Government heartedly support this measure which would contribute toward :flood control, may well contain the solution to their navigation, and other improvements future. It may be the difference between properly coming under its realm of re­ economic salvation or ruin in the area. Power Politics is Our Politics sponsibility. I think it is fair to state If this bill passes, the citizen can raise his this plan met with widespread approval. eyes unto the hills and reverently and EXTENSION OF REMARKS Of course, those who wish to see a Fed­ prayerfully say, "Thank you, God." OF eral power monopoly did not approve. Of course some political sour grape­ These socialistic and bureaucratic­ sters will wrathfully oppose this legisla­ HON. THOMAS M. PELLY minded individuals were not left to their t ion, for surely it precludes the issue in OF WASHINGTON own devices and desires. An unholy 1956 of do-nothing. The slogan of such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES alliance was immediately effected with obstructionists might welt be .. Power Monday, May 2, 1955 the keepaways, those secret obstruc­ politics is our politics." tionists who would sacrifice the needs I strongly urge consideration of Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, high in the of this great region on the altar of their H. R. 5789. Cascade Mountains where the weather own political advantage. Thus, there and climate of Washington State is cut does exist a small but vocal bloc who in two is Cloudy Pass. Trying to count · would hope to generate votes in 1956 the distant and surrounding snow-clad rather than kilowatts because a failure Excerpts From Addresses by Governor peaks from this lofty ridge of rock, some­ now to carry out the President's program one once counted to 10,000-and then would allow them to scream that this is Harriman, of New York, on United gave up. The beauty of this spot is sur­ a do-nothing administration. States Far Eastern Policy passing. Standing here once, a woman, To tie in with the partnership pro­ with eyes · uplifted said, "Thank you, gram, the 83d Cbngress deauthorized the EXTENSION OF REMARKS God." Priest Rapids site on the Columbia River OF There was more than the beauty of to allow local interests to proceed under nature to thank Goe\ for, although she this plan. Our distinguished and able HON. HERBERT H. LEHMAN did not think of other blessings, because colleague the gentleman from Washing­ OF NEW YORK our greatest resource in the Pacific ton [Mr. HOLMES] is entitled to great IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Northwest is not scenery, priceless as credit for this legislation to meet the Monday, May 2, 1955 that is-it is water. In the mountains, impending power shortage, and I am the moisture of the sky is gathered and happy to say there would seem to be rea­ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, among harbored on high, and as the snows melt, sonable expectation that the Grant the courageous voices which have been by rivulet, lake, and stream, the water County Public Utility Department in publicly heard in recent weeks on the descends endlessly and irresistibly to the Washington State will successfully re­ question of our Far Eastern policy is sea. Thus, our great resource of power­ solve the financing and problems incident that of the distinguished Governor of my the force that gives our region the .to starting such a project. State, Averell Harriman. cheapest and greatest potential water­ However, partnership is not the only All except a few of us here in the Sen­ power in the Nation. answer. We have certain multipurpose ate were silent in the face of the catas­ In the Pacific Northwest, people and dam sites which require Federal financ­ trophic implications of the administra­ politician alike, say, "Thank you, God," ing and construction. Here the vast tion's policy in the Formosa Straits. for their natural resource of water-'-not Federal appropriations involved consti­ That policy seems to have been sharply only for its potential for needed cheap tute a serious barrier which has seemed modified in the past fortnight-largely hydroelectric power, but also because almost unsurmountable because the as a consequence of the mobilization of nearly a million acres of arid soil, rich in projects are needed now. Defense is a public opinion against that policy. One minerals, lie here awaiting water by ir­ huge drain on the Federal Treasury and of the courageous public figures who rigation to transform a dry desert into a the tax burden has been so heavy that helped mobilize that public opinion was paradise of food-producing farms. it is difficult to get support for appropria­ Gov. Averell Harrim~n. This makes for a complementary econ­ tions which would have such an effect on Governor Harriman is in Washington omy; the cheap power means industrial­ the budget. this week, attending the Governors con­ ization and more jobs; the reclamation ference. I am happy to call the atten­ Our colleague from Oregon [Mr. CooN] tion of the Senate to speeches on this and agricultural development mean an has introduced H. R. 5789 calling for outlet and prospective purchasers for subject which Governor Harriman made, construction of the multipurpose John one as long ago as March 8. I ask unani­ the products of industrialization; and Day Dam on the Columbia River. He the workers in the factories mean more mous consent that appropriate excerpts has recognized the need-that a new from a speech Governor Harriman made consumers for the farmers' produce. start must be made now. The gentle­ Out in the Pacific Northwest, the peo­ on March 8, in New York City, before man from Oregon has also recognized the nationalities division of the Demo­ ple are united when it comes to the fiscal responsibility and the budget sit­ immediate and pressing need of further cratic National Committee, be printed uation. In his measure he provides, in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, along developing their resource of water. therefore, that local groups put up the Strangely enough, of all the areas of the with similar excerpts from a speech he money for the Federal Government. So delivered on April 3, at the inaugural United States, we are the most power while the dam would be owned, built, and starved; yet we have the greatest poten­ dinner of the joint defense appeal, also tial. It is somewhat analogous to the operated by the Federal Government, in New York City. Nile delta in Egypt where the poorest like other multipurpose projects, the Governor Harriman's views command people in the world live on the richest Il\Oney to build the generating facilities public interest and attention because he soil. Our problem is that it takes 5 or would be advanced by local groups, as is not only chief executive of the largest 6 years after construction of a project advance payments for the power they will State in the Union, but he is also a man is commenced before we will begin to receive when the construction is com­ who speaks with consummate authority get needed power. Normal population pleted. Thus the Federal budget is not on foreign affairs. He was, as everyone growth means our power shortage will increased; nor are the taxpayers in other knows, one of the principal architects 5354 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 2 of our foreign policy and one of the prin­ Chiang's ambition to return to the main­ Surely there is yet time to bring together cipal leaders of that policy for more than land; and that, in turn, could only mean all of the countries involved-not only in world war. the East but in Europe-in order to inter­ a decade. When -he comments on our The "unleashing" episode, and the con­ nationalize the defense of Formosa, so vital foreign policy, he speaks from a back­ tinuing failure to explain or retract it, in­ to our own and free world security. The ground of knowledge and experience jured our relations with our European whole world ls a party at interest-and it which few individuals in America can allies-who were quite understandably not has been not only magical but deadly dan­ match. ready for such recklessness. And it soured gerous to arrogate to ourselves the sole re­ New York State is fortunate to have our relations with many countries in Asia. sponsibility for decisions which involve the him as governor; and in these difficult Last week, Chiang Kai-shek was still as­ future of many peoples. times the Nation is fortunate to have the serting that he intended to return to the It is a great enterprise in which we are en­ mainland, with the help of this country. gaged-that of making America and the counsel of his authoritative voice on Asked about this, the President finally said world more tolerant and happier and strong­ matters of foreign policy. "the United States ls not going to be a party er. There have been temporary setbacks, There being no objection, the excerpts to an aggressive war." In effect, after 25 and there will be more. But over the years from the addresses were ordered to be months, Chiang was to be leashed again. there have been even greater advances, and printed in the RECORD, as follows: The President appears to have realized at there will be more. The setbacks serve to long last the wisdom of President Truman's make us realize how precious are our liber­ ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR HARRIMAN AT THE policy of neutralizing the Formosa Strait. DINNER OF THE NATIONALITIES DIVISION OF ties, and to stimulate us to work harder for Of course, we should and will defend For­ their protection. As long as we are in there THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, WAL­ mosa. There has never been any doubt DORF-AsTORIA HOTEL, MARCH 8, 1955 doing battle, :n good spirits and with con­ about that. But it should also be clear that fidence, I shall not doubt the outcomes . . . . • • • • • there ls no future in any Asian policy which For I have infinite faith in the triumph of You who are here tonight have an espe­ pays more atention to the objectives of true brotherhood, not only in this great cially deep and personal understanding of Chiang Kai-shek than to the aspirations of country of ours, but-with om inspiration the need for the United States to take its .the 900 million people of the other free and our patient and steadfast leadershlp­ proper place of leadership in the world. countries of the East-as well as the peoples throughout the world. No nation can go it alone-not even power­ of Europe. ful America. I am sure of this: The first thing we must From a military standpoint, we cannot. do in the Formosa area is to end our des­ From an economic standpoint, we cannot. perately dangerous policy of going it alone. • • • • • • Whenever we take positions alone, it offers New Orleans-Mexico Air Route-Let's Last November, Secretary Dulles and Mr.. a. temptation to the Comunists to take risks Stassen were talking about what was called Jn the hope of furthering their basic objec­ Not Cut Latin Oil a bold, new economic program for Asia. Al­ tive of splitting us from our North Atlantic though late, this made sense. Under Presi­ allies, and our friends everywhere. We must EXTENSION OF REMARKS dent Truman's point 4 program, we had get our diplomacy back on a basis of collec­ OF learned much about these countries and tive action. We must internationalize the what can be done by America to help people defense of Formosa, and do this, if possible, qHON. F. EDWARD HEBERT to help themselves-in developing resources · through the United Nations. - OF LOUISIANA and raising living standards and productivity What we need now ls a new spirit in the and morale. conduct of foreign affairs-a spirit of humil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In this proposal, the Administration seemed ity, of moderation, of partnership, and of Monday, May 2, 1955 to realize that what is needed to counter the peace-a spirit which would ring with a new external and internal threat of .Communist sound in the ears of the world, but which Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, George expansion in Asia is a program bold enough would gain tts strength because it would be Chaplin, editor of the New Orleans Item, to capture the imagination of the people, a reaffirmation of the finest strains of Amer­ has directed my attention to two edito­ and vigorous enough to demonstrate that a ican realism and idealism--of the values rials which recently appeared in the Item decent life can be achieved under freedom. which made our Nation so long the refuge and which I believe should be brought They seemed to understand that the cost to of the suffering people of mankind and the to the attention of this body. us of such an economic offensive would be a embodiment of the hopes of freedom and tiny fraction of our expenditures for mili­ justice in the light of God, everywhere in Both editorials pose very serious prob­ tary defense and military aid. And the the world. lems. One ls more or less limited in .effect of our help would be multiplied if co­ Only as we return to this spirit can we scope to a local condition but most defi­ operative undertakings could be developed hope to lead. nitely involves a very serious and basic among the participating countries as was Only as we return to this spirit can we deficiency in the operation and conduct the case in Europe. hope to survive. of the Civil Aeronautics Board. There is So the talk went on. But the men who indeed something very peculiar and most appear to have had the last word with the ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR HARRIMAN AT THE IN• strange in connection with the activities President are those who regard this sort of AUGURAL DINNER OF THE JOINT DEFENSE As thing as beyond America's capacity--or not .APPEAL, WALDORF ASTORIA, NEW YORK CITY, of this particular board. a matter of worth bothering about. So the idea was laid APRIL 3, 1955 fact, there is such great suspicion as to aside. Great had been the expectations­ • • • • • • • its operation that my distinguished col­ and equally great was the letdown ·through­ What we are saying applies to world af­ league from New Orleans, HALE BOGGS, out free Asia. fairs in the same way. In the free world, has before the Rules Committee a reso­ In this connection, it is significant that a just as at home, there can be no true lution to which I heartily subscribe, to conference of most of the Asian and African strength without unity. And unity in turn investigate, fumigate, and ventilate the nations has been called to convene in Ban­ depends on a mutual respect and equality whole business. doeng, Indonesia, next month. Red China of status among peoples of all races and There is one thing certain about the has been invited to participate-whereas creeds. Prejudice and claims of inherent Chiang Kai-shek is excluded. We can be sure superiority have no more place in inter­ granting of a permit for direct service that the Communists will try to turn the national life than in domestle life. between New Orleans and Mexico City whole meeting into a "hate America" crusade. I submit that we are in danger of losing and that is that it is most assuredly bi­ Compounding the effects in Asia of all the tbe whole cold war if we fall to recognize partisan. When President Truman was lack of understanding has been the incredible this principle and make it live. in the White House he voided an order of story of the unleashing of Chiang Kai-shek. Every time an American rattles the atomic the then constituted board, and now You recall that President Truman, in 1950, saber in Asia, every time an American talks President Eisenhower refuses to vacate ordered the 7th Fleet to neutralize the a.bout Asians fighting Asians, we lose friends I Formosa Strait-preventing attacks upon among the uncommitted peoples. the order of his predecessor. have al­ Formosa by the Communists and forbidding Perhaps most tragic of all, for months now ways been of the opinion that what one attacks upon the mainland by Chiang. And our policy in regard to the Formosa Strait ·President can do the other can undo, but you remember how President Eisenhower, in has failed to take into account the sensi­ .apparently neither the desire nor the in­ his first message to Congress, reversed all bilities of either our Asian or our European clination is here. that. friends and allies. Unhappily, there are The failure to establish a direct airline I doubt that anyone would now deny that those who have put our country in the po~i­ between New Orleans and Mexico City is behind this "unleashing" episode was do­ tion of appearing not to care for the judg­ one of the most discriminatory acts mestic politics and appeasement of members ment of those whom we would have as our of his own party. friends. This is basically, I am afraid, an charged against any board created by Yet to the rest of the world it sounded expression of that intolerance which we are ,the Congress. ominous. To the rest of the world, it could seeking to stamp out in our domestic life There ·is something present which does only mean that we intended to support and everywhere. not meet the eye, and I frankly do not 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5355 believe all the cards have been placed · Particularly ·ls all of this true in relation We use a.bout half of the on the free world face up on the table, and I would not be to Latin America. We are a natural north­ produces. But our known reserves are only at all surprise if there were several cards south gateway, a. fact of which the CAB is, about a fUth of the free world's. · concealed in somebody's sleeve. How to o! course, fully aware. The demand for oil products in the United We urge the CAB to end this delay and to States is expected to double by 1975. Ancl shake them loose is the real problem. make direct service between here and Mex­ we must not overlook the possibillty of hav­ The item in its editorial gives a splen· ico City a requisite of the next bilateral air ing to sharply and quickly step up the rate did statement of the case. agreement between the two countries. Let's of domestic oil output in event of war. In the second editorial which Mr. "rev" up and get off the ground. This :flight Against this backdrop, the State Depart.. Chaplin has called to my attention the is 9 years overdue. ment's stand makes gOOd sense. very provocative question of Latin oil is There should be an intelligent balance dealt with. NEELY PROPOSAL HARMFUL-LET'S NOT CUT between oil imported and oil produced do­ Here are the two editorials in ques­ LATIN OIL mestically, but it is best to achieve that An amendment by Senator MATTHEW balance by voluntary action o~ importers. tion: Unless and until it is demonstrated, after DIRECT FLIGHT 9 YEARS OVERDUE-NEW NEELY, West Virginia Democrat, threatens to cut the heart out of President Eisenhower's a fair test, that such voluntary restraints ORLEANS-MEXICO AIR ROUTE foreign-trade program. will not work, we as a Nation should steer The 22d of next month m arks the 9th clear of legislative intervention. The Neely NEELY hails from a State whose coal in­ amendment should be roundly defeated. anniversary of a frustrating case in New dustry unfortunately is having a rough Orleans' aviation history. time. But the Senator's plan to drastically On that day in May 1946, President Tru­ curtail oil imports into the United States­ man authorized a direct air route between especially heavy-fuel oil imports-isn't going New Orleans and Mexico City. He was acting to solve whatever is wrong in the coal fields. Senator George: Preeminent Senator under executive power, pursuant to the Civil Homeowners who heat with oil or natural Aeronautics Act. gas aren't going back to coal furnaces. Ships of 1955 What 's happened since shouldn't happen and factories fueled by oil won't turn the to a dogma-much less to a great transpor­ clock back either. And diselcd locomotives tation center like ours. New Orleans today EXTENSION OF REMARKS are going to stay dieselized. OF is the only large city on the United States We can understand NEZLY's feeling that southern border without direct air service something must be done to help coal. Cer­ to the Mexican capital. tainly, a thriving domestic coal industry is HON. JAMES H. DUFF Here, in brief, is the story: desirable. But his amendment, while failing OF PENNSYLVANIA After Mr. Truman 0. K.'d the route, the to provide the remedy he seeks, would work IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES State Department and Eastern Air Lines­ incalculable harm to our foreign relations. which was given the permit to operate the Reciprocal trade is a cornerstone of our :Monday, May 2, 1955 service-ran into snags with the Mexican foreign policy. To sell abroad, we must buy authorities. Mr. DUFF. Mr. President, I ask abroad. unanimous consent to have printed in These included a Mexican demand that The State Department stressed this among the United States grant similar rights to a the 10 points it advanced this week why the the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article Mexican airline, with the proviso that the Neely amendment is contrary to the national about the distinguished Senator from agreement WO\lld be in force only as long as interest. Georgia [Mr. GEORGE] written by Roscoe the Mexican company continued service. A good example of what the State Depart­ Drummond, and published in yesterday's The State Department objected that this ment is talking about is one of our neigh­ New York Herald Tribune. proviso would set a bad precedent for other boring lands to the south, Venezuela, whose bilateral pacts. There being no objection, the article economy largely floats on oil. (In the last was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, This stalemate continued until Mr. Tru­ 9 years, Unit ed States companies have in­ m an on September 8, 1952, withdrew his as follows: vested :;.aoo million in Latin American oil; WASHINGTON approval of Eastern's permit and of two other of this $575 million in Venezuela.) unimplemented certificates concerning serv­ Our trade with that country has jumped (By Roscoe Drummond) ice to Mexico City from Laredo, Tex., and thirteenfold since World War II. She spends PREEMINENT SENATOR OF 1955 Los Angeles. almost a billion dollars a year for United His view was that this would clear the Who would you say is the preeminent States goods and services. And on a per figure in the United States Congress today? air and enable a more effective new negotia­ capita basis she buys more from us than tion. Would it be Representative SAM RAYBURN, This was the situation when last Novem­ any. other country in the world except Can­ the shrewd, respected Speaker of the House? ber the Civil Aeronautics Board began hear­ ada. Or Senator LYNDON JOHNSON, the able, malle­ ing Eastern's request for a New York-Wash­ The investment climate there for United able leader of the Democratic majority? Or ington-Mexico City service. States capital is healthy-and our venture Senator WILLIAM KNOWLAND, the earnest, The airline -contended that the way in dollars have helped Venezuela to develop lone-wolf Senate Republican leader who which President Truman had revoked its her resources, expand and begin to diver­ sometimes speaks for the administration? New Orleans-to-Mexico City permit was un­ sify her economy, and to raise her living If you name any of these you will at least constitutional. On April 18, CAB bureau standards. be going against the majority judgment of counsel made the same argument, that the The desirability of such conditions was the Washington press corps. President had not complied with the pro­ the dominant theme of the recent Inter­ Their almost unanimous judgment today cedures set out in the law of canceling, American Investment Conference here. The is that the single most powerful, most in­ suspending, or revoking a certificate. Latinos sought United States capital. fluential person in the whole legislative Earlier in the hearing, there had been American businessmen wanted assurances of branch of the Government is Senator several different approaches taken on behalf a favorable atmosphere in wt-.ich to operate.­ WALTER F. GEORGE, the veteran Georgia Demo­ of New Orleans. Venezuela, now the world's largest oil ex­ crat, who accepted the chairmanship of the Mayor Morrison and a spokesman for Gov­ porter, combines both. Senate Foreign Relations Committee to ernor Kennon asked the CAB to suspend the We have in recent years cited her as a Pres.ident Eisenhower's great satisfaction. hearing of the New York-Washington-Mexico model of what good trade and friendship Senator GEORGE ls today proving himself City case until our prior claim is satisfied. with us can achieve. It has been a big to be a more positive force than any of the The chamber of commerce took-and pres­ talking point in our good-neighbor policy. other preeminent Senators of the last quar­ ently maintains-a somewhat variant view. But such legislation as that proposed by ter century. It is less concerned with whether the New Senator NEELY would wreck this policy and He ls far more powerful constructively, say, York-Washington-Mexico case is halted­ convince the hemisphere, in particular, that than Senator William Borah, who was largely possibly because it doubts that it will be­ our actions do not square with our words. a negativist, and who in his implacable iso­ than with whether New Orleans-to-Mexico • • • • • lationism stood astride the Senate Foreign City service can be made a part of thal case. Some independent oil men share the coal Relations Committee when the United States Contends the chamber: No agreement as industry's belief that legislative quotas was trying to free itself from a. policy of to any route should be negotiated between should be placed on petroleum imports. neutrality as Hitler began to topple Europe our country and Mexico, unless such agree­ Their views, too, must be fairly weighed and strike at tbe shores of Britain. ment includes the New Orleans-Mexico in terms of both our domestic economy and He is more influential than Senator Arthur service. our foreign relations. Vandenberg whose great influence centered That's a sound, practical stand. The State Department, in expressing its principally in foreign affairs. New' Orleans is entitled to such a dir~ct opposition to NEELY'S amendment, noted He seems to me to be more influential route. that the domestic oil industry is operating than even Senator Robert Taft, w:nose in­ This ls an international city-in location, at or near its all-time peak, that it is pros­ terest and talents were mostly focused upon in ideas, in trade and-in communication. perous and its outlook ls bright. domestic legislation, and whose influence did 5356 CONGR'ESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 2· not cut a.S widely across ·party lines as does At that time, the United States will ganizatlons engaged or consldedng partici­ Senator GEORGE'S. pation in atomic-energy development and open an historic exhibit, where a re­ use, Members of Congress, the staffs of in­ This Congress is hardly 4 months old and search reactor ~ actually be demon­ Senator GEORGE has personally put his im• terested Government agencies, and the com­ print on the mood and substance of the strated. mercial and scientific attaches of the various largest and most significant congressional The participating nations among the embassies and legations in the Nation's actions. 84 governments who have been invited capital. I think it no exaggeration to report that will be able to see at first-hand how the A survey of the exhibit plans of member today the quiet, poised, deep-voiced Senator United States is moving ahead toward organizations indicates that there wm be GEORGE is the second most powerful and most harnessing of the atom for peace. displays in such fields as design engineering, influential man in Washington-second only The following month, I am glad to say, package power, medical and research reac­ to the President himself. tors, control systems, reactor materials, in­ here in our own country, and indeed in strumentation, construction and fabrication When this session of Congress began last our own Nation's Capital, will occur an January, Mr. GEORGE was ·the ranking Dem­ techniques, isotope sources and applications, ocratic member of 'both the Senate Finance important event when the first Trade shielding materials and devices, and reactor Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Fair of the Atomic Industry will open. components and auxiliaries, in addition to Committee. He could be chairman of either This will mark a significant occasion in various consultant services. one. He chose Foreign Relations because his America's own progress of applying the primary interest was foreign policy, and be­ atom for an ever-higher standard of liV:· · REvIEW AND OUTLOOK-ATOMIC INITIATIVE cause he knew that the Senate's greatest de­ ing for our own and other peoples. At a conference on atomic energy in indus­ cisions would almost inevitably be in the Of course, the making available of the try held in San Francisco last week, it was field of foreign policy. atom for peaceful purposes has not been evident that many companies are putting far He chose the Foreign Relations chairman­ without its problems. more manpower and money into the field ship know,ing that President Eisenhower had than anyone expected at this early date. privately expressed the hope that he would The United States Atomic Energy At the same time the Atomic Energy Com­ do so. He knew that they could and would Commission, heavily burdened by its mission announced it has received four new work together well. He knew that it would massive responsibilities, has been mov­ proposals for the construction of demon­ be important--important for the country­ ing ahead, although numerous sugges­ stration nuclear electric powerplants to cost for him to help create the climate which tions have been made to it for intensified an estimated $150 million and produce a total would give the President the maximum free­ efforts in "flashing the green light" so of 455,000 kilowatts. These were in response dom and fiexib111ty of action to take steps to the AEC's offer of financial aid in such con­ which might run counter to short-run public that United States private industry can carry the ball more and more. struction. Significantly, though, the share opinion. asked of the Government was only 10 to 20 · He is accomplishing this objective de­ Meanwhile, on the international front, percent--far lower than had been expected. cisively, sometimes against considerable odds. the need is increasingly apparent for the These 4 projects, all except 1 of which were By his own quiet authority, by his detach­ United States to accelerate its efforts to suggested by groups of private companies, ment and by his leadership, he has erected bring the peaceful miracles of atomic are in addition to the 250,000-kilowatt, $55- a strong barricade around the bipartisan con­ energy more meaningfully to foreign million powerplant New York's Consolidated duct of foreign policy-a barricade against countries, particularly among underde­ Edison Co. plans to build without any Gov­ both Democratic attacks and. Republlc~n veloped peoples. ernment help. attacks. All this-the specific power projects and , Mr. GEORGE ·helped put through the Senate I have in my hand three.important ex­ the general industrial atomic fever reflected the President's fight-if-we-must Formosa pressions on the various phases which I at San Francisco-is a direct consequence of resolution with pnly three votes in opposi­ have mentioned. the amended atomic energy law enacted last tion-two from Democrats; this at a time ·The first. is a welcome release from the sum.mer. It is a startling tribute to those when many of his Democratic colleagues Atomic Industrial Forum announcing the who got the bill through against the embit­ were looking hungrily at this issue as a means First Trade Fair of the Atomic Industry. tered opposition of men willing to stultify of belaboring the Administration and when, I know the fair will receive the fullest progress for the sake of what they thought without his restraining influence, many could be a political issue. Democrats might have leaped off the reserva- - c·ooperation from the Washington com­ But the progress, impressive though it is, is tion. munity. not an occasion, for complacency. To speed He deliberately stepped out ahead of the The second is an editorial from the the atomic revolution the amended law will President to break ground in favor of a Big Wall Street Journal of April 12. It com­ need further liberalizing, and it is none too Four conference at the summit at a time ments frankly on the need for encourag­ soon for Congress to be thinking about this. when Mr. Eisenhower needed to have public ing increasing private participation in For the 1954 law did not make atomic in­ opinion responsive to a Big Four meeting he a·tomic work so as to speed what has been dustry so much a free enterprise as a mixed couldn't avoid if he wanted to. called the "atomic revolution.'' Government private enterprise. That is bet­ While the White House was being inde­ ter than leaving it a wholly Government cisive, he spoke out instantly in favor of ac­ And, finally, there is an important edi­ monopoly, but the faster the emphasis can cepting Chou En-lai's offer of direct nego­ torial from the April 27 Milwaukee be further shifted to private activity the tiations over Formosa, and undoubtedly in­ Journal stating that the atomic power faster will the benefits of the atom be real­ fluenced the administr<1.tion's policy. ship of peace, while an outstanding con­ ized. In domestic legislation, it is probable that tribution, is by no means more than an Meanwhile there is reason to believe that no single Senator was as'infiuential in help­ introduction to what America can and more could be done even within the frame­ ing the President defeat the quickie, pre­ should do in bringing the atom miracles work of the present law. Several witnesses mature $20-for-everybody tax cut as Mr. to the attention of foreign lands. before the Joint Congressional Committee on GEORGE. Atomic Energy have. pointed to continued This is some of the evidence that WALTER I ask unanimous consent that the text secrecy as 1 of the major deterrents to more F. GEORGE is more powerful than any other of these three items-each pointing up widespread participation in the field .. Democratic or Republican "Senator today. an important phase of the problem-be Partly the complaint is that the AEC could printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. make nonsecret material more readily ac­ There being no objection, the release cessible and explain to industry just how much is already available in the nonsecret and editorials were ordered to be p:i-inted category. But 'there is also a strong feeling Atoms for Peace-Phases ·of the Great in the RECORD, as follows: that much information presently classified Challenge The First Trade Fair of the Atomic Indus­ could be made generally available under the try will be held in Washington, D. C., at the 1954 statute without impairing national se­ Sheraton-Park Hotel, September 26-30, it curity. EX'rENSION OF REMARKS was announced today by the Atomic Indus­ One recent witness, Francis McCune, vice OF trial Forum. The trade fair, which will be president and general manager of the Atomic held in conjunction with the forum's fall Products Division of the General Electric Co.,· HON. ALEXANDER WILEY meeting, will have as its theme, "Marketing put the case for more information particu­ OF WISCONSIN the Products of Atomic Energy." larly well. Noting that bars to the avail· IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES - According to the forum's executive man­ ability of informatJon about atomic energy ager, Charles Robbins, this pioneering trade cannot but operate as obstacles to entry into Monday, May 2, 1955 fair will demonstrate the extent to which the ·industry, he said: "Information should peaceful atomic energy and its associated be made available not merely to those who Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, on Au­ products and services have advanced as an are already interested but, perhaps even more will gust 8 there convene in Geneva the important sector of our industrial economy. impo~tantly, to those who are not yet inter­ United Nations Conference on Atoms The fair will be seen by an audiimc~ o~ key ested, for infor.mation is required to stimu- .. for Peace. management and operating ofiicials in or- late interest." 1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5357 The suggestion here is not that any and Participating in these ceremonies were presided over the destinies of this Nation every kind of company would promptly many of our oftlcials, numerous patriotic during the boom period of the 19th centurv plunge into atomic energy if more were which saw the construction of railroads fron;, known. Rather, it is that a company cannot groups and veterans organizations, as well as individual men and women, boys coast to c_oast, the western land migration, determine whether or not it should be inter­ and the beginning of the industrial revolu­ ested in atomic energy in the absence of suffi­ and girls who love our country and ap­ tion in this country. cient knowledge. "Without adequate infor­ pr~ciate the priceless blessings which we This era also produced such industrial mation," Mr. McCune said, "industry cannot enjoy as free American citizens. giants as the oil and steel trusts, and wit­ be expected to show real initiative." It is fitting that May 1 has replaced nessed the evils of railroad rebates, yellow­ Considering the hobbles on it, industry is the spot on the calendar that for many dog contracts, and other abuses of "bigness," showing considerable initiative. It ls in the years was a rally day for Communist which were to the detriment of all American interest of the AEC, Congress and the people people. This party was responsible for the that this initiative should not now be frus­ organizations and the other units of radicalism which oppose every concept Interstate Commerce Act, the Sherman Anti­ trated either by too much law or by too little trust Act, the Clayton Act, an~ many other knowledge. of patriotism, every right of free men, pieces of legislation aimed at maintaining embodied in our Constitution and the the interests of the average individual as ATOM SHOW SHIP NOT ENOUGH Bill of Rights. against the industrial giant. It is to the President Eisenhower's announced plan Loyalty to flag and country is the key­ credit of this party that this great purpose for an atomic-powered ship of peace is a dra­ stone in the arch of good citizenship. was accomplished without materially slow­ matic proposal. Sent on a world cruise, the Designation of May 1 as Loyalty Day ing the rapid development of our natural merchant vessel would be a floating show­ takes the battle to the hordes of subver­ resources and industrial plants. This party case in which people everywhere might see sion on the date such forces had pre­ ended the spoils system when it enacted the the promise of atomic science to improve Civil Service Act. empted over many years as their day of In the early 20th century, the Republican human living-not destroy it. demonstration. For us, the vessel would have additional Party was responsible for the Reclamation practical value. Its construction and oper­ Today I received a letter from Charles Act which has been so instrumental in the ation would teach us valuable lessons about A. Moran, chairman of the loyalty day development of the West. The Panama Canal the cost and efficiency of an atomic surface committee of the Veterans of Foreign was conceived and constructed during a Re­ · ship now that we have the submarine Nauti­ Wars of the United States in Atlanta, publican administration. The first attempts to protect the farmer from the speculator at lus in use and other atomic submarines Ga., who has enlisted the aid of radio under construction or planned. the market place, and to assure the farmer stations, newspapers, and speakers in of a fair return on his investment and labor A danger inherent in the President's plan, publicizing Loyalty Day by repetition of occurred during the Republican administra­ however, is that the peace ship might be­ patriotic slogans. come a gimmick that would constitute our tion in the 1920's. do-all in the field of international atomic I would like to place 1 or 2 of those Domestically, the Republican Party has energy. Instead of a supplement, it might slogans in the RECORD. One reads: always stood for progress under the mantle of turn into a substitute-a huckster's blurb On Loyalty Day let us recite the new free enterprise. Yet this party has always rather than the production followthrough. pledge to the flag: "I pledge allegiance to the jealously guarded the rights, political and People of the world, we are sure, will be flag of the United States of America, and economic, of our citizens. In other words, mightily impressed when a sleek ship, driven to the Republic for which it stands, one na­ this is a party which does not believe in by atomic power and displaying the good tion, under God, indivisible, with liberty giving advantages to special groups or in­ things the atom can bring, sails into their and justice for all." terests, or allowing such groups or interests harbors. But unless they are shown a way to possess advantages which are used to the whereby they can enjoy these atomic bene­ Another reads: detriment of the average citizen. bur theqry fits, won't they feel like a waif at the candy Loyalty means liberty. Observe Loyalty of government places the Federal Govern­ shop window, permitted to admire the Day May 1 in your own way. Reaffirm ment in the middle of a teeter-totter, acting mouth-watering sweets but denied the means loyalty to God, our country, and our flag. as a balance so that neither side is able to of obtaining them? gain advantage to the detriment of the other Like the test reactor that America plans To these sentiments, Mr. Speaker, I side. to display at the International Conference join with millions of Americans in say­ It is significant to note that although the of Atomic Scientists in Geneva this year, ing a fervent "Amen." Republican Party has brought this country the peace ship should represent the sales­ its greatest periods of prosperity, it has not, man's sample case of products which Amer­ in this century, been in power at the start ica stands willing and ready to help bring of any war. Therefore, Republican pros­ to the world. Address by Representative John J. perity is based upon sound economy and does The peace ship must implement President not arise from the stimulus pro~ided by Eisenhower's atoms-for-peace plan. An Rhodes, of Arizo~a, Before the Indiana emergency situations. We have not, and I atomic powerplant in India, Japan, or Young Republicans pray that we mi;i,y never follow the policy of Egypt-built with American technical help, government by crisis. manned by native technicians trained in So what kind of a party are we? American skills and fueled with some of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS We have never been moss-backed; we have fissionable material America has earmarked OF never been reactionary. Whether we are for world use-will do more to demonstrate dynamic-conservative or enlightened-liberal, American good will than just a showcase HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER we have never believed in standing still or ship. OF ARIZONA going backward. We have created a climate IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES favorable to the full development of our re­ sources by private endeavor, with only such Loyalty Day Monday, May 2, 1955 help from the Government as is needed to get Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, the job done. The 1955 Republican should continue to EXTENSION OF REMARKS on April 22, 1955, Represen.tative JOHN provide a government which balances all in­ J. RHODES, of Arizona, addressed the Col­ OF terests to benefit the whole Nation. We legiate Division rally of the Indiana should neither insert the Government into HON. JAMES C. DA VIS Young Republicans, in Indiana. I ask situations where it is not needed, nor should OF GEORGIA unanimous consent that his address be we shirk governmental action where such ac­ printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. tion is necessary. As President Eisenhower IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES · There being no objection, the address has said on occasion, "We should walk forth­ Monday, May 2, 1955 was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, rightly up the middle of the road, because no real progress is made by those who walk Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, as follows: in the gutter to the right or the left." it is a matter of :Pride and gratification ADDRESS BY REPRESENTATIVE JOHN J. RHODES, It is hard to be a Repu~lican. During to me that the Governor of my home OF ARIZONA the New Deal era, the pendulum swung to State of Georgia has proclaimed May 1 In deciding the.mental makeup of t1'e 1955 the left. The cry of "soak the rich" rose. as Loyalty Day. I am proud also that model Republican, it might be well to first This fallacy, sponsored by the Democrats, many of the mayors of cities and towns consider the type of party which the Repub- · failed to take into account the facts that: in my congressional district at home lican Party has always been. It was born ( 1) All income of persons who made more amidst the strife and dissatisfaction preced­ than $100,000 a year was very small com­ likewise proclaimed May 1 as Loyalty ing the War Between the States. It came of pared to the Federal budget; and ( 2) to pro­ Day, and that pursuant to these proc­ age during the territlle test of physical and vide jobs, you must provide a climate favor­ lamations LoiYalty Day was observed by moral courage w.hich this country underwent able to the investment of capital. Roose­ parades, rallies, and patriotic activities~ and which we know as the Civil War. It velt recognized this, finally, when in 1936 5358 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE !Jay 2 he tried to get Congress to exempt all divi­ there is still a lesson to be learned from In remarks made on the floor at that dends from taxation. (When we just ex­ the ancient punishment visited by God on time, I referred to a resolution adopted empt 5 percent, Democrats say we favor the Man. Maybe the sentence was that we must by the General Assembly of Pennsyl­ rich.) But priming the pump did not pro­ learn to live together before our souls may duce prosperity, nor build it. communicate. vania memorializing the Congress to But we still have attempts made to prime Therefore, with the feeble means at our enact legislation of this type. As a pa_rt the pump for the political advantage to be disposal, let us try it. Let us keep our guns, of my remarks, I include the text of derived from posing as the friend of the lit­ tanks, planes, and hydrogen l:>ombs, but let the resolution to which I referred: tle man. us add a new weapon to our arsenal-truth. Whereas under the provisions of the In­ I deny there ls a permanent class of people Our Government, and most of our people, ternal Revenue Code it is permissible to known as little men. There are many of believe in telling the truth. Most of us can amortize more rapidly certain expenditures us who are not doing as well as we would spot a lie-it takes some longer than others. made for emergency facilities; and like to. We can afford to help those people On the other hand, communism, fascism, Whereas the President of the United States when they are unemployed, injured on the etc., are nurtured by lies, for they are them­ if he so finds may declare any area in the job, and too old to work. But we can best selves the greatest fabrications of all time. United States an acute distress area because serve the little man by creating a climate · Therefore, our best weapon is truth. It of unemployment surplus of labor or other in which he can ( 1) get a job and hold it, is devastating to the enemy; beneficial to economic cause: Therefore be 1t at fair wages; and (2) get as big as he is big us. Imagine the impact it would make on Resolved (the senate concurring), That the enough to get. Do not make him a little the world if we were to offer Russia free General Assembly of the Commonwealth of man all his life. A job is worth more to a space in our newspapers, free time on radio Pennsylvania memorialize the Congress of man than is a $20 tax cut. and TV, to tell whatever they might desire, the United States to support and enact into · In order to provide this climate for invest­ in exchange for similar free time and space legislation amendments to the Internal Rev­ ments which means jobs, we have had to in Russian mediums which would reach an enue Code so' that capital expenditures in make some unpopular decisions. In the 83d equal number of people, who would be free any area in the United States declared by Congress we had to forego the pleasure of to listen. There is no doubt in any of our minds the President to be an acute distress area increasing the personal exemption by $100. because of unemployment surplus of labor In this one, we had to vote against a $20 tax that the Communists would feed our people or other economic cause may receive the cut across the board. We have had to cut their choicest selection of tall tales. Let same treatment with regard to depreciation spending, curtail contracts, and thereby cre­ them. We will tell the people of Russia the allowances as emergency facilities receive ate local economic crises, and, in general, truth, which the rulers of Russia will brand as lies. But truth can be masked only for a under section 168 of the Internal Revenue "kill i:fanta Claus." This is· because a serious Code; and be it further Government deficit would cause another short time, and lies can remain undetected round of inflation, and siphon of! the capi­ for a neven shorter period. Resolved; That copies of this resolution be tal needed for industrial expansion, which, The end result would be a thorough transmitted to the presiding officers of each in turn, means jobs. knowledge on the part of the Russian peo­ House of the Congress of the United States After the free-and-easy days of New ple of our lives, o-qr aspirations, and our and to each Senator and Representative from Deal hand-outs, it is hard to explain to our souls. Also, they would be able to see that Pennsylvania in the Congress of the United average citizen that he must forego his our republican form of government creates States. candy to have his bread. But we Repub­ a climate for a better life than the one the licans must continue in the path President Russian people have under communism. Eisenhower .has set up for us, and sell Mr. Once this realization occurs, all the secret Resolution Adopted by the County Com· Average American on the wisdom of this police in the world cannot save communism. course. An immediate benefit might be a lessening missioners Association of Georgia · I repeat, it is hard to be a Republican. of war tension; 99.44 percent of the peoples · At home, it must be the job of the 1955 of the world want peace. With direct knowl­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS model Republican to keep our country edge of our own peaceful intentions, you OF strong, free, and prosperous, by maintain­ can imagine the resistance the Russian peo­ ing conditions in which the inherent ambi­ ple would have to aggression and saber­ HON. JAMES C. DAVIS tion, ingenuity, and resourcefulness of our rattling on the part of their leaders. Not citizens may have full sway. But today even a police state can wage a major war OF GEORGIA we live in a_world which is becoming, more successfully without the support of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and more, one community. We of this people. Monday, May 2, 1955 generation will mold the face of this 'com­ I do not offer this idea as a panacea to munity. Our actions, or inactions, will de­ cure the world's ills, but as a step in the Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, termine whether this community will be direction of a peaceful world, devoted to the in the State of Georgia, a board of com­ devoted to individual freedom, or to the preservation of the freedom of the individ­ missioners constitutes the governing 1955 model of slavery known as com­ ual. In this struggle with communism, we munism. must win the minds of men, or the product body of the individual county govern­ · I do not believe that Republicanism and of those minds may destroy man and our ments. These county commissioners communism can exist in the· same com­ planet. These thoughts consist of my in­ have formed an association which is ·munity, or world. Therefore, we must in­ dividual ideas on the best weapon to use known as the Association County Com­ evitably conclude that we must pit our in winning this war for the minds of men. missioners of Georgia. Each year this way of life against theirs in a struggle for Only by winning this war can we avoid fight­ association holds an annual convention survival. ing another and far different kind of war. at which convention discussion is had When we think of such a struggle we in­ This, then, is the challenge which is faced evitably assume that trial by arms will be­ by the 1955 model American of all parties. and action is taken upon current prob­ come necessary, as indeed it may. But God give us the strength, wisdom, and cour­ lems and subjects of importance to these to assume that this is our only means of age to face up to this great responsibility. county government officials. triumph is to sell our way of life short. The These county officials are elected by a peoples of the world, if fully informed and vote of the people in their respective free to choose, would certainly choose our counties. They are persons of recog .. free society to the chains of communism. Our task is to so inform them, and to help H. R. 5928 ized ability and standing. I would say 9reate a situation in which their composite that their collective judgment is an ac­ will may assert itself. EXTENSION OF REMARKS curate reflection of the sentiment and The Bible tells us that at one time all OF collective judgment of the people of men spoke the same tongue. Then man Georgia._ got too big for his pants, and to chasten HON. JAMES M. QUIGLEY This County Commissioners Associa .. him, God caused all men to speak differ­ ent tongues. 'I_'he inability of man to com­ OF PENNSYLVANIA tion held its annual meeting last week municate with his fellowman has ever since IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in· Augusta, Ga., and one of the subjects which came under discussion at the provided us with our greatest inconvenience Monday, May 2, 1955 and our greatest challenge. We have means meeting was the United States Supreme of sending signals throughout the earth, Mr. QUIGLEY. Mr. Speaker, on Court school decision of May 17, 1954. but still a very few methods of really com­ Thursday last I introduced H. R. 5928, This attempt of the Supreme Court to municating thoughts. It is still very dif­ a bill which extends tax-amortization usurp legislative functions which the ficult to determine the compo.sition of the soul of our fellow man. benefits to those who construct new Court does not possess has been the sub .. I hope that some day we will put our plant facilities in areas of labor surplus ject of discussion at a number of meet .. brains and treasure to work to learn to as designated by the Bureau of Employ.. ings and gatherings which are repre­ communicate thoughts to each other. But ment Security, United States Depart· sentative of Georgia citizens and which maybe something else comes first. Maybe ment of Labor. · reflect their feelings. Such a meeting 1955 ,CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 5359 was the State convention of the Demo­ would not submit to any such assault All oriental service should be concen­ cratic Party held at Macon, Ga., in the upon her rights as a State and upon the trated through the Port of Seattle, even autumn of last year. A strong resolu­ constitutional rights of her citizens. The though the Chief Examiner of the Fed­ tion was adopted at that convention con­ present Governor of Georgia has likewise eral Maritime Board classified Seattle as demning the outrageous action of the declared himself and stands :firmly upon "economically tributary" to San Fran­ Supreme Court in attempting to amend that same position. cisco. the laws and change the Constitution · This resolution of the County Com­ illegally. missioners Association is another decla­ There have been other meetings, some ration by the people of Georgia that they Low Strike Record in California ·statewide, some local, at which similar know their rights, and that they will not resolutions have been adopted express­ suffer those rights to be wrongfully taken ing the resentment which people of from them by a group of would-be re­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS . Georgia feel and expressing their con­ formers who happen for the moment to OF demnation of this high-handed action be sitting in high place in one branch of HON. JOHN F. SHELLEY on the part of the Supreme Court. our Government. At the County Commissioners Associa­ OF CALIFORNIA tion convention above mentioned, on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 26, 1955, that group of representa­ Monday, May 2, 1955 tive Georgians adopted the following Shorter Route to the Orient Mr. SHELLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have resolution: just received a release from the Depart­ Whereas the people of this sovereign State EXTENSION OF REMARKS ment of Industrial Relations of the State of Georgia have been and are devout and OF of California calling attention to the law-abiding people, and throughout the his­ State's outstanding 1954 labor-manage­ tory of our country have opposed tyranny HON. THOMAS M. PELLY ment relations record. In actual man­ in any form; and OF WASHINGTON Whereas on May 17, 1954, the United States days lost on account of strikes, the 1954 Supreme Court chose to abandon all prin­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES record was the lowest in 10 years. The ciple and to strike down legal precedent Monday, May 2, 1955 time lost in 1954 represented a 64 per­ established by able, representative, and dis­ cent decrease from the 1953 figures. tinguished jurists, and by such untoward de­ Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, a little news This splendid record is even more re­ cision it threatened to attempt to destroy the item in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer markable than it seems at first glance peaceful relationships existing between the brings to mind the ancient Chinese say­ white and black races in the South and Na­ ing "A picture is worth 10,000 words." when we take a look at some of the tion; and other factors involved. On May 10, 1955, this newspaper de­ In the 10. years since the war Cali­ Whereas this untoward and unwarranted scribed 10 American soldiers with their decision of the Supreme Court was encou­ fornia has had a tremendous influx of raged by the President of the United States wives and children at the Seattle­ people :finding new jobs in the State. through the office of his appointed Attorney Tacoma International Airport after dis­ There has been a corresponding increase General; and embarking from a regularly scheduled in new industries and plants, and a ter­ Whereas such a decision is an a.ffront and commercial flight from the Far East. rific expansion in size of existing indus­ challenge to the traditions of our people, to This article depicted the fathers tries in California. Nonagricultural em­ the peace and goodwill of our black and white wrestling with paperwork in connection citizens and to our way of life; and ployment in the State varied between with processing by officials of the Seattle 3,800,000 and 3,900,000 wage and salary Whereas this decision will breed chaos port of embarkation, while wives, moth­ where there is now harmony and mutual workers in 1954. The corresponding fig­ progress: Now, therefore, be it ers, and children drank milk, munched ure in January 1946, following the war's Resolved by the Association County Com­ cookies, or watched TV. Significant was end, was 2,787,000-so ·we have over 1 missioners as follows: this statement: million more nonfarm workers at this (1) That this association and the mem­ The group was the first of 357 men and time. Normally, with such conditions bers thereof both jointly and severally pledge dependents who will make the trip by air industrial unrest could be expected to to the Governor and all public officials of the during May. The armed services are making State, full support in each and every way use of regularly scheduled commercial :flights. follow. This is well demonstrated in or means required or necessary, or advisable other sections of the country right now, to protect and maintain the segregation of The point is this, and this picture does where an expanding industrial economy the races in our schools; not require 10,000 words. Whoever is is plagued with serious labor-manage­ (2) That regardless of what the Federal responsible for this travel routing should ment difficulties and where such diffi­ Government or any division thereof says or be commended. Someone has recognized culties can be expected to multiply does, that there will not be a mixing of the the advantage of the shorter circle route unless a way is found to promote har­ races in our schools and we positively and to the Orient, which, according to the monious relationships. unequivocally so pledge ourselves; Library of Congress, is as follows: (3) That a copy of this resolution be sent It might be well to look for a moment to the President of the United States, the By sea: Miles at the reasons for California's stable Attorney General of the United States, the From San Francisco to Yokohama labor-management picture. Let us re­ clerk of the Supreme Court of the United (via Honolulu): Actual steaming member that the tabulations in the re­ States, to the Governor of Georgia and to time ( 15 days 18 hours and 30 lease accompanying these remarks do the governors of each of our sister Southern minutes)------5,488 not tell the whole story. While the nu­ States, and to each member of the Georgia Distance taking great circle route: Actual steaming time ( 13 days merical decline in strike situations shown delegation in the Congress of the United is encouraging in itself, when we con­ States. and 45 minutes)------4,536 Difference in miles, 952; difference sider the great expansion of industrial Mr. Speaker, I pointed out on the floor in time, 2 days 17 hours and activity and total employment in the of this Congress as long ago as 1949 that 45 minutes. State at the same time it is truly re­ the Supreme Court was planning to usurp By air: markable. California is one of the most legislative functions, and to assume au­ From Seattle to Tokyo (via Anchor­ highly organized States in the country, age and Cold Bay): Flying time thority which the Court in fact does not (10 hours 45 minutes) ______4, 806 unionwise. Through a long period of possess, by handing down a so-called de­ From San Francisco to Tokyo (via years, during which I played an active cision, the effect of which would be to Honolulu and Wake Island) part, labor organizations and manage­ amend the Constitution and to change (Pan American route): Flying ment groups in the State have worked the law of the land. time ( 17 hours and 15 min­ out a highly effective technique for com­ The Court has endeavored to do ex­ utes)------6,256 posing their differences and negotiating actly that. When this so-called decision Difference in miles, 1,450; differ­ issues with a minimum of strain and was published, the then Governor of ence in time, 6 hours and 30 violent reaction. The methods used re­ Georgia characterized this _outrageous minutes. quire that each of the groups recognize and highhanded action .of the Supreme By sea or by air, whether it is personal and respect the rights and position of Court as an unwarranted assumption of. property, postal mail, or perishable food, the other. The statistics in the accom­ authority, and as the chief executive of there is only one answer-the saving in panying release show how this mutual a sovereign State, declared that Georgia distance is a saving of time and dollars. resoect has paid off in dollars and cents 5360 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE ·May -3 for both sides, to say nothing ·of the The lal'gest work-stoppages in 1954 in terms The number o:f ·workers involvoo in Los avoidance of tension and physical vio­ of man-days idle resulted from 3 disputes, 1 Angeles strikes in 19.54 was 44,700, a.bout 22 "in the lumber and 2 in the rubber industry. percent less than the 57,000 workers idled in lence now widespread elsewhere. These· were 3 multi-State disputes affecting 1953. Mr. Speaker, I believe there is a lesson California; they accounted for more than 40 Last year 88 work stoppages occurred in b this from which other areas in the percent of all ma.n-da.ys idle in the State in the Los Angeles metropol1tan area.. This was country might well profit. As a tribute 1954. nearly one-third less than the 122 stoppages to a successful labor-management co­ Major issues: Nearly 90 percent o:f Cali­ counted in 1953. operation in my own State, and for the fornia's strike idleness in 1954 resulted from San Francisco-Oakland metropolitan area: benefit it may have for others, I ask that disputes over wages, hours, and wage supple­ A similar sharp reduction of strike idleness the release to which I have referred be ments, such as welfare and pension plans. occurred in the San Francisco-Oakland met­ printed at this point in the RECORD. Inter- and intraunion disputes (sympathy, ropolitan area where 186,000 man-days idle jurisdictional strikes, etc.) played a very were reported in 1954. This was 75 percent TEN-YEAR Low OF STRIKE AC'rIVITY IN small role in the strike picture of last year, below the 731,000 man-days idle in 1953. CALIFORNIA resulting in less than 1 percent of all man­ The number of workers involved in strikes Idleness in California due to labor-man­ days idle. decreased even more sharply, about 80 per­ agement disputes was lower in 1954 than in Los Angeles metropolitan area: Strike idle­ cent. In the past year 11,100 workers, con­ any of the last 10 years, Ernest B. Webb, ness in the Los Angeles metropolitan area trasted with 58,900 workers in 1953, partici­ California director of industrial relations, decreased sharply last year. Man-days of pated in strikes. announced today. Work stoppages during idleness dropped by 61 percent between 1953 Work stoppages beginning in 1954 num­ the last year caused 1,070,000 man-days of and 1954-from 957,000 to 373,000. bered 70 compared with 81 in 1953. idleness. This represents a 64-percent drop from 2,960,000 man-days idle in 1953. "" The number of workers involved in Cali­ Stoppages beginning in year fornia work stoppages beginning in 1954 was 88,100, well under half of the 1953 figure of Man-days idle during year' 210,000. In only 1 of the last 10 years did Area Number Workers involved fewer workers participate in strikes. That year was 1949. 1954 1953 1954 1953 1954 1!)53 Altogether last year there were 206 stop­ pages compared with 269 which began in California _____ ...... ------. 206 269 88, 100 210, 000 1,070,000 2, 960, ()()() 1953. In only 2 of the last 10 years, 1945 and Los Angcll's metropolitan area ______88 122 44, 700 57,000 373,000 957, 000 1948, California had fewer strikes than were San Francisco metropolitan area ______70 81 11, 100 58, 900 186,000 731, 000 counted in 1954.

requested the concurrence of the Ccn­ H. R. 5089. An act to extend the time for SENATE ate: filing application by certain disabled vet­ erans for payment on the purchase price H. R. 208. An act granting the consent of TUESDAY, MAY 3, 1955 of an automobile or other conveyance, to Congress to the States of Arkansas and authorize assistance in acquiring automo­ Oklahoma, to negotiate and enter into a biles or other conveyances .to certain dis._