Prehistory and Prehistoric Art

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Prehistory and Prehistoric Art Vocabulary Abstraction Modeling Cairn Neolithic Capstone Paleolithic Corbeling Passage grave Dolmen Post and lintel construction Henge Relative dating Incising Relief sculpture Low relief Sculpture in the round Menhir Ware Historical Evidence 1. Define the term “Prehistoric.” 2. What are the principal sites where Prehistoric art has been located? 3. Describe the changes that occurred throughout the Prehistoric period from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic eras? 4. How is early art dated without the assistance of written sources? 5. How does the introduction of Bronze during the Neolithic period change the type of objects that appeared during this time? Interpretation and Meaning 1. What are the theories related to the meaning and purpose of Prehistoric cave paintings? 2. Discuss the changes that occurred in architecture from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic periods. How does architecture possibly show advances that echo other changes from the same time? 3. What are the possible meanings of early figurine images of women during the Paleolithic period? 4. How does pottery and ceramics provide additional clues in interpreting the living and trading patterns of lost cultures 5. Explain why calling a prehistoric figure a "woman" instead of "Venus" frees us to think about the object in new and different ways. Materials and Techniques 1. Explain the various techniques that were possibly employed to create Prehistoric wall paintings. 2. What techniques did Neolithic potters use to create vessels? 3. Explain the construction techniques used to build megalithic structures. What were the key features of these monuments? Compare and Discuss 1. Compare/contrast the Woman of Willendorf with the Woman from Ostrava Petrkovice. Why do you think they are different? 2. Compare any prehistoric work to something that is created in present day. Try to find some kind of connection they may have, visually, symbolically, etc. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Pottery Technology As a Revealer of Cultural And
Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis (3100–1600 BC, Western Switzerland) Eve Derenne, Vincent Ard, Marie Besse To cite this version: Eve Derenne, Vincent Ard, Marie Besse. Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis (3100–1600 BC, Western Switzerland). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Elsevier, 2020, 58, pp.101170. 10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101170. hal-03051558 HAL Id: hal-03051558 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03051558 Submitted on 10 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 58 (2020) 101170 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Anthropological Archaeology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa Pottery technology as a revealer of cultural and symbolic shifts: Funerary and ritual practices in the Sion ‘Petit-Chasseur’ megalithic necropolis T (3100–1600 BC,
[Show full text]
The University of Bradford Institutional Repository
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bradford Scholars The University of Bradford Institutional Repository http://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk This work is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our Policy Document available from the repository home page for further information. To see the final version of this work please visit the publisher’s website. Where available access to the published online version may require a subscription. Author(s): Gibson, Alex M. Title: An Introduction to the Study of Henges: Time for a Change? Publication year: 2012 Book title: Enclosing the Neolithic : Recent studies in Britain and Ireland. Report No: BAR International Series 2440. Publisher: Archaeopress. Link to publisher’s site: http://www.archaeopress.com/archaeopressshop/public/defaultAll.asp?QuickSear ch=2440 Citation: Gibson, A. (2012). An Introduction to the Study of Henges: Time for a Change? In: Gibson, A. (ed.). Enclosing the Neolithic: Recent studies in Britain and Europe. Oxford: Archaeopress. BAR International Series 2440, pp. 1-20. Copyright statement: © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2012. An Introduction to the Study of Henges: Time for a Change? Alex Gibson Abstract This paper summarises 80 years of ‘henge’ studies. It considers the range of monuments originally considered henges and how more diverse sites became added to the original list. It examines the diversity of monuments considered to be henges, their origins, their associated monument types and their dates. Since the introduction of the term, archaeologists have often been uncomfortable with it.
[Show full text]
How to Tell a Cromlech from a Quoit ©
How to tell a cromlech from a quoit © As you might have guessed from the title, this article looks at different types of Neolithic or early Bronze Age megaliths and burial mounds, with particular reference to some well-known examples in the UK. It’s also a quick overview of some of the terms used when describing certain types of megaliths, standing stones and tombs. The definitions below serve to illustrate that there is little general agreement over what we could classify as burial mounds. Burial mounds, cairns, tumuli and barrows can all refer to man- made hills of earth or stone, are located globally and may include all types of standing stones. A barrow is a mound of earth that covers a burial. Sometimes, burials were dug into the original ground surface, but some are found placed in the mound itself. The term, barrow, can be used for British burial mounds of any period. However, round barrows can be dated to either the Early Bronze Age or the Saxon period before the conversion to Christianity, whereas long barrows are usually Neolithic in origin. So, what is a megalith? A megalith is a large stone structure or a group of standing stones - the term, megalith means great stone, from two Greek words, megas (meaning: great) and lithos (meaning: stone). However, the general meaning of megaliths includes any structure composed of large stones, which include tombs and circular standing structures. Such structures have been found in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and may have had religious significance. Megaliths tend to be put into two general categories, ie dolmens or menhirs.
[Show full text]
4. Vocabulary Cards Rectificado
n. someone who studies the past by recovering and examining remaining material evidence, such archaeologist as graves, buildings, tools, bones and pottery. “ The archaeologist excavated the site.” n. the study of past human life and culture by the recovery and examination of remaining evidence, such archaeology as graves, buildings, bones and pottery. n. someone who lives in a cave. “Prehistoric man found cave dweller shelter in caves. They became cave dwellers.” n. representations of wild, animals, painted on the walls of caves by prehistoric people, using cave painting simple tools such as fingers, twigs and leaves and using colours found in nature such as brown, red, black and green. adj. relating to the period in human culture before the bronze age, characterised by the chalcolithic use of copper and stone. “The bones were dug up at a chalcolithic site. There were bronze tools there, too.” adj. early form of modern human inhabiting Europe in the late paleolithic period (40,000 – 10,000 years cro-magnon ago). Skeletal remains were first found in the Cro- Magnon cave in southern France. “Homo Sapiens is a cro.magnon man.” n. structure usually regarded as a tomb, dolmen consisting of two or more large upright stones set with a space between and capped by a horizontal stone. n. place where archaeologists dig to find evidence of how excavation site humans lived in the past. “The excavation site is full of interesting things we can use to find out about the past.” n. very hard fine- grained quartz that spark when struck. Prehistoric people used flint this to make tools and start fire.
[Show full text]
Aliel: a Mid-Holocene Stone Platform with Cairn and Single Pillar in West Turkana, Kenya
NYAME AKUMA No 86. December 2016 KENYA Aliel: A mid-Holocene stone platform with cairn and single pillar in West Turkana, Kenya Alex Wilshaw Herman Muwonge Frances Rivera Marta Mirazón Lahr Introduction In August 2016, the In-Africa Project, which fo- cuses on the palaeo-environment and human occupation of West Turkana during the late Quaternary (http://in-af- rica.org/), identified a stone platform and cairn whilst sur- veying an area between the Napudet Mountains and the Kerio River in Southwest Turkana. Different from other simple cairns in the area, this structure, locally known as Aliel, also exhibits: a) a single standing stone within the construction of the cairn; and b) a significant assemblage of pottery sherds (including Nderit ware) on the surface of the platform. Cairns, circles, platforms and stone struc- tures are well-known features of the prehistory of the Tur- kana Basin (Robbins, 2006, Wright et al., 2016), includ- ing complex megalithic architecture in the form of ‘Pillar sites’ characterised by the presence of multiple stone pil- lars placed vertically on the ground within a constructed platform, such as Lothagam, Jarigole and Kalokol (Hil- Figure 1: Map showing the location of Aliel in context debrand et al. 2011, Grillo & Hildebrand 2013, Nelson, with pillar/platform sites and pastoral sites in the area. 1995; Figure 1). While stone cairns and structures con- After Hildebrand et al. (2011) and Hildebrand and Grillo tinued to be built until recently throughout eastern Af- (2012). rica (Davies 2013), ‘Pillar sites’, often associated with settlement dynamics. The site of Aliel is well placed both ceramics decorated with ‘Nderit’ motifs, cluster chrono- chronologically and geographically to provide further in- logically between ~5,300 – 4,000 years BP (Grillo & Hil- sights into this period of prehistory.
[Show full text]
Modern Slavery Statement 2019
Cairn Energy PLC: Modern Slavery Statement 2019 This statement is made pursuant to Section 54 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 (“the Act”) and is approved by the Board of Directors of Cairn Energy PLC (the “Board”). Cairn Energy PLC (“Cairn”) and its subsidiaries (together the “Group”) is committed to the requirements of the Act and to taking all reasonable steps to ensure modern slavery and human trafficking are not taking place in our supply chain or in any part of our business. Our business and supply chain Cairn Energy PLC is an independent, UK-based oil and gas exploration, development and production company and has explored, discovered, developed and produced oil and gas in a variety of locations throughout the world with more than 20 years’ experience. Cairn is listed on the London Stock Exchange with its headquarters in Edinburgh and offices in London, Senegal and Mexico. We have operated and non-operated interests in Europe, West Africa and Latin America. A large proportion of our activities are carried out by both contractors and consultants, which form the most significant aspect of our supply chain. In 2019 we had a total organisational workforce of 278 of which 76% were direct employees and 24% were consultants employed as time-writing contractors or consultants on fixed-term contracts. Consultants may be provided through agencies or contracted directly. During 2019 Cairn had over 75 material contracts which incorporated appropriate modern slavery clauses either in the specific contract terms or as a result of having been drawn down against our existing Global Master Service Agreements, which incorporate modern slavery provisions.
[Show full text]
The Significance of the Ancient Standing Stones, Villages, Tombs on Orkney Island
The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism Volume 5 Print Reference: Pages 561-572 Article 43 2003 The Significance of the Ancient Standing Stones, Villages, Tombs on Orkney Island Lawson L. Schroeder Philip L. Schroeder Bryan College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings DigitalCommons@Cedarville provides a publication platform for fully open access journals, which means that all articles are available on the Internet to all users immediately upon publication. However, the opinions and sentiments expressed by the authors of articles published in our journals do not necessarily indicate the endorsement or reflect the views of DigitalCommons@Cedarville, the Centennial Library, or Cedarville University and its employees. The authors are solely responsible for the content of their work. Please address questions to [email protected]. Browse the contents of this volume of The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism. Recommended Citation Schroeder, Lawson L. and Schroeder, Philip L. (2003) "The Significance of the Ancient Standing Stones, Villages, Tombs on Orkney Island," The Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 5 , Article 43. Available at: https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol5/iss1/43 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ANCIENT STANDING STONES, VILLAGES AND TOMBS FOUND ON THE ORKNEY ISLANDS LAWSON L. SCHROEDER, D.D.S. PHILIP L. SCHROEDER 5889 MILLSTONE RUN BRYAN COLLEGE STONE MOUNTAIN, GA 30087 P. O. BOX 7484 DAYTON, TN 37321-7000 KEYWORDS: Orkney Islands, ancient stone structures, Skara Brae, Maes Howe, broch, Ring of Brodgar, Standing Stones of Stenness, dispersion, Babel, famine, Ice Age ABSTRACT The Orkney Islands make up an archipelago north of Scotland.
[Show full text]
PS Signpost Ballymeanoch
Ballymeanoch henge Signposts to Prehistory Location: Ballymeanoch henge (NR 833 962), barrow (NR835 963), standing stones and kerbed cairn (both NR 833 964) all lie at the southern end of the Kilmartin Valley in Argyll, Scotland. Main period: Neolithic and Bronze Age Access & ownership: All the monuments can be accessed from a car park 2.6 km south of Kilmartin, signposted ‘Dunchraigaig cairn’. A management agreement is in place between Historic Scotland and the landowner, enabling free public access. An interpretation panel can be found in the car park. This group of monuments at Ballymeanoch (Fig. 1) is part of an extensive ritual prehistoric landscape in the Kilmartin Valley. This stretches from Ormaig in the N to Achnabreck in the S, and includes various types of cairns, henges, standing stones, a stone circle, and many examples of rock art. Ballymeanoch henge is the only such monument in the west of Scotland. Built around 3000–2500 BC, it has an outer bank of 40 m diameter with an internal ditch, broken by entrance causeways at the N and S. The bank now rises to only 0.4 m; the flat-bottomed ditch is 4 m across and around 0.4 m deep. Fig. 1. Plan showing henge, standing stones, kerbed cairn and barrow. Drawn by K. Sharpe Canon Greenwell excavated the site in 1864, and found two burial cists in the centre, still visible. The largest had unusually long side slabs (up to 2.75 m) and is still covered with a massive capstone.The floor of the large cist was lined with small round pebbles but nothing was found inside.
[Show full text]
3 Avebury Info
AVEBURY HENGE & WEST KENNET AVENUE Information for teachers A henge is a circular area enclosed by a bank or ditch, Four or five thousand years ago there were as many as used for religious ceremonies in prehistoric times. 200-300 henges in use. They were mostly constructed Avebury is one of the largest henges in the British Isles. with a ditch inside a bank and some of them had stone Even today the bank of the henge is 5m above the or wooden structures inside them. Avebury has four modern ground level and it measures over one kilome- entrances, whereas most of the others have only one or tre all the way round. The stone circle inside the bank two. and ditch is the largest in Europe. How are the stones arranged? The outer circle of standing stones closely follows the circuit of the ditch. There were originally about 100 stones in this circle, of which 30 are still visible today. The positions of another 16 are marked with concrete pillars. Inside the northern and southern halves of the outer circle are two more stone circles, each about 100m in diameter. Only a small number of their original stones have survived. There were other stone settings inside these circles, including a three-sided group within the southern circle, known as ‘the Cove’. The largest stone that remains from this group weighs about 100 tonnes and is one of the largest megaliths in Britain. What is sarsen stone? Sarsen is a type of sandstone and is found all over the chalk downland of the Marlborough Downs.
[Show full text]
Henges in Yorkshire
Looking south across the Thornborough Henges. SE2879/116 NMR17991/01 20/5/04. ©English Heritage. NMR Prehistoric Monuments in the A1 Corridor Information and activities for teachers, group leaders and young archaeologists about the henges, cursus, barrows and other monuments in this area Between Ferrybridge and Catterick the modern A1 carries more than 50,000 vehicles a day through West and North Yorkshire. It passes close to a number of significant but often overlooked monuments that are up to 6,000 years old. The earliest of these are the long, narrow enclosures known as cursus. These were followed by massive ditched and banked enclosures called henges and then smaller monuments, including round barrows. The A1 also passes by Iron Age settlements and Roman towns, forts and villas. This map shows the route of the A1 in Yorkshire and North of Boroughbridge the A1 the major prehistoric monuments that lie close by. follows Dere Street Roman road. Please be aware that the monuments featured in this booklet may lie on privately-owned land. 1 The Landscape Setting of the A1 Road Neolithic and Bronze Age Monuments Between Boroughbridge and Cursus monuments are very long larger fields A1 Road quarries Catterick the A1 heads north with rectangular enclosures, typically more the Pennines to the west and than 1km long. They are thought to the low lying vales of York and date from the middle to late Neolithic Mowbray to the east. This area period and were probably used for has a rural feel with a few larger ceremonies and rituals. settlements (like the cathedral city of Ripon and the market town of The western end of the Thornborough pockets of woodland cursus is rounded but some are square.
[Show full text]
Modlin, Brad 06-27-16
We Walk and Say, “Oh” A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brad A. Modlin August 2016 © 2016 Brad A. Modlin. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled We Walk and Say, “Oh” by BRAD A. MODLIN has been approved for the Department of English and the College of Arts and Sciences by Dinty W. Moore Professor of English Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT MODLIN, BRAD A., Ph.D, August 2016, English We Walk and Say, “Oh” Director of Dissertation: Dinty W. Moore “To Cleave Means to Separate and to Join: A Look at Interstice in Prose” examines the use of interstice—the interlude between sections within segmented prose structures. The essay explores the benefits and risks of writing segmented structures and how gaps create meaning in the work of authors such as Roger Rosenblatt, Lia Purpura, and Maggie Nelson. In additional to structural interludes, interstice in content—the unsaid—is also explored through the works of Debra Marquart, Jenny Boully, Joy Castro, and others. The creative component, We Walk and Say, “Oh”, is a segmented creative nonfiction manuscript about a long walk. Collaging narrative and reflection, it explores questions of pilgrimage, stories & legends, and providence & accident. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract……………………………………………………….……………….….….….…3 Chapter 1: Critical Introduction: To Cleave Means to Separate and to Join: A Look at Interstice in Prose…………………………………………………………………….……5 Chapter 2: Creative Nonfiction Manuscript: We Walk and Say, “Oh…………….….….….27 Works Cited……………………………...………………………………………………136 5 CHAPTER 1: CRITICAL INTRODUCTION: TO CLEAVE MEANS TO SEPARATE AND TO JOIN: A LOOK AT INTERSTICE IN PROSE The nearer the peregrini are brought to the Holy Land, the more their progress is slowed by the increasing number of shrines and holy places lying in their way.
[Show full text]
ARC 112 History of Architecture II
Prehistoric Architecture Dr. Zeinab Feisal Stone Age period When? Where? How did we know about it? What about social characteristics & Believes? Architecture of the civilization. Stone Age period Occurred before invention of written records No written record from the prehistoric period How did we know about it? Information is gathered from scientific studies of prehistoric objects Many academic disciplines are interested in studying human civilization- archeology, paleontology, anthropology etc The disciplines study prehistoric objects They provide information about civilizations based on studies Early Stone Age (or Paleolithic) Up to 9000 BC New Stone Age (or Neolithic) Stone Age STONE AGE 9000 BC to 3000 BC Stone Age period Not restricted to any particular geographical region Occurred in different locations, Usually close to sources of food, near rivers Stone Age period Life style differed between the Early Stone Age period and the New Stone Age Period Each of the two periods will be examined independently to understand the people and their society Nomadic, always on move Move about in search of food, water, and good climate Got their food through food gathering, hunting and fishing Usually move about in small bands of less than 15 persons Not much is known about their beliefs GOT THEIR FOOD THROUGH FOOD GATHERING, HUNTING AND FISHING GOT THEIR FOOD THROUGH FOOD GATHERING, HUNTING AND FISHING People stopped wandering and settled down in permanent settlements Discovered art of farming and animal husbandry Period
[Show full text]